The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, while brief and relatively small, stands as a pivotal event in the formation of a new country, Canada. The battle, lasting little more than a half hour, would ultimately bring French colonial rule in North America to an end, secure British control of present day Canada and unite two previously antagonistic peoples. In retrospect, the ability of the French and English to compromise after the Vattle of the Plains of Abraham was important in the formation of Canada. As great as the effects of the battle proved to be, however, proportions among later generations of Canadians.
Wolfe, an enigmatic, larger than life character who led the British in the battle, had come to North America a few months earlier in June of 1759 to begin his quest for control of New France. During the summer he became obsessed over how to draw his rival, the French general Montcalm, into a larger battle for control of the colony. The task seemed near impossible. Quebec City was protected not only by the city walls, behind which Montcalm and the French troops could wait in safety, but also by the 200foot cliffs which ran as far as the eye could see in both directions alonf the shore of the St.Lawrence river, making the city virtually impenetrable. Montcalm was content to stay in Quebec City and wait for winter, when the intense cold would force the Vritish to abandon tgeir positions and retreat. As time passed, Wolfe grew more and more frustrated and resorted to setting fire to villages and burning farms and houses in a vain attempt to lure the French into battle. It did not work. Wolfe only grew more perplexed, until a gategul day that summer, when he came avross an overgorwn path that wound its way up the side of a cliff just a couple of miles downstream from Quebec. The path led t o the Plains of Abraham, a strategically ideal site from which to launch a surprise attack on Quebec.
It was on a quiet, moonless night when at around midnight a procession of British boats six miles long began to row towards a landing spot at the bottom of the secret path. The procession moved swiftly and quietly under the cover of darkness, with the only potential threat coming from a French lookout, who spotted them. He called out to the British in French, "Who's there?" to which a British Highlander replied in perfect French "The French! Long live the King! " With this close call avoided, the route to the landing site was clear. At the same time, British warships on the other side of Quebec City were firing on the city to distract the French from the secret attack. When the first British boats and with their guns on their vacks made their way up the cliff, grasping at clumps of grass, rocks and anything else to assist their climb. The initial gorup of British troops reached the top out of breath, but ready for battle. The area at the top of the cliff was lightly defended and the few battle. Most were still in their tents and were easy prey for the British, while a few managed to escape into the early morning darkness.
New York chef Wayne Nish shapes chopped lamb and tuna into two tiny mountains and places them on a square white plate. He then drops a little caviar between them, like a waterfall flowing between two peaks. Little else is on the plate. “A customer might not realize that the idea for this presentation comes from Japanese cuisine,” Nish says,“ but the influence is great.” The same could be said of the New York restaurant scene. Over the past ten years, Japanese cuisine has spread beyond Manhattan sushi bars and into ordinary restaurants, where the chefs are blond and into the menus are in English. Kitchens are likely to begin a meal with edamame in place of dinner rolls, serve fish raw rather than deep-fried and use soba instead of pasta. Sometimes the Japanese influence is as subtle as a drop of ponzu added to a dressing; at other times it's much less subtle, such as mashed potatoes creamed with wasabi. So many of the finest New York chefs work Japanese ingredients or techniques into their cooking that Ruth Reichl, editor of a famous food magazine, says:“I would say there are none that don't.”
Giant pandas are cute. When many pandas died of hunger because a lot of bamboo died in the 1970s, people suddenly found that knew very little about these animals. Pandas live in the mountains where there are thick bamboo forests. They have many special features to survive in the mountains. They thick, waterproof fur to keep their bodies warm, and long, sharp claws to climb trees. The panda has also a special "thumb," which it uses to hold bamboo. This thumb is actually a wristbone. Wild pandas are solitary animals and usually try to avoid contact with other pandas. They do this by using a complicated system of communication. They communicate not only by making sounds but by leaving scent marks. Pandas can tell whether another pandas is male or female and how old it is by its scent mark. Pandas in zoos often have more contact with other pandas then they do in in the wild.
@ In my teens I became deeply interested in the scenery and wildlife of Hokkaido and other northern places. I cannot explain why this happened,but it was like falling in love,I suppose. Somewhere in my young heart I longed for that northern world.
@の続き One day I was at a bookstore in Tokyo, and a book of photographs caught my eye. Inside was a photo, taken from the sky, of an Eskimo village in Alaska called Shishmaref.It was a little dot in the middle of the Arctic scenery.
A I found Shishmaref on a map,and decided to write to the head of the village. So,with my English dictionary by my side,I wrote my first English letter. "I am a Japanese student. My name is Hoshino Michio. I am very interested in the life of your village. I would like to visit,but I do not know anyone. Would anyone let me stay with them? I wait for your answer." I addressed it,"The Mayor,Shishmaref,Alaska." After a half year,I received a reply from ond of the villagers. "Sorry for the delay. June and July are the mouths when we go hunting,so you should come then.... When you know the day,let us know. You can stay with my family." Suddenly Alaska was in the palm of my hand.
B I arrived at Shishmaref in the summer of 1971 on a mail plane. I was nineteen. As the plane landed,the villagers gathered from all around. Crowds of children came running up. Opening the door of the plane,I smelled the sea. Before I had time to find my host,he was by my side with a great on his face. "Michio?" "Yes,yes!" We shook hands,and in my broken English I managed to thank him for answering my letter. He wore glasses and,when he smiled,his whole face lit up. He had very friendly eyes. The Eskimos lived far from Japan,but their faces were like my own. I already knew that, but it was a surprise all the same.
長くなりますが、お願いします。 UNICORNU Lesson7 @Easter Island is one of the most remote, inhabited places on earth. Only 22 kilometers long and 11 kilometers wide, it lies in the Pacific Ocean, 3,200 kilometers from South America and 2,000 kilometers from the nearest inhabited island. The first Europeans arrived on Easter Sunday 1722. They were amazed to over 600 huge stone statues, many over six meter high, here and there across the island. The islanders told them they did not know who had built the huge statues. Easter Island therefore became famous as a ‘mystery’ island and several theories were introduced to explain its history. One famous archaeologist, Thor Heyerdahl of Norway, believed that the first people to live on the island were from South America. They brought the tradition on sculpture and stone work similar to the great Incas. Later other people arrived from the west, which started a war that in time destroyed the complex society on the island. His theory, written about 1950, seems possible, but it has never been generally accept by other archaeologists.
AMany archaeologists believe the first people to arrive on the island, in the fifth century, were Polynesians. The original Polynesians came from Southeast Asia. When they arrived on Easter Island, they discovered a harsh environment. There was not much fresh water, the temperature was quite high, and the land was not good for growing their main food, taro and yams. They found that they could only grow sweet potatoes and raising chickens was rather easy, which left a lot of time for other activities. Great ceremonies and rituals developed among the various clans on the island. For such a small island with few resources, one of the most complex societies in the world was created. Most ceremonies, such as those to worship the past leaders of the clans, took place at one of the 300 ahu ― large stone platforms built near the coast.
BAt each ahu they placed from one to fifteen of the huge stone statues. The statues were carved at the quarry at Rano Raraku. The biggest problem was how to transport the statues across the island to their ahu. The only way this could have been done was by first placing trees along the ground and then sliding the statues across the trees from the quarry to the ahu. This must have taken a large number of trees. Recent scientific work has shown that at the time of the first settlement Easter Island had a lot of plants and trees. As the population increased,trees would have been cut down to make areas for growing potatoes, wood foe heating and cooking, and so on. But the most important need of all was to move the large number of statues across the island. Each clan probably wanted more statues to show its power and status. As they began to compete with one another to build more and more statues, more and more trees were needed. As a result, by 1600 very few trees remained on the island and the building of statues ended ― leaving some statues still at the quarry.
C The loss of trees on the island brought about big changes in the everyday life of the islanders. They didn’t have trees available for building houses. People began to live in caves an simple reed houses. Canoes could no longer be built and only reed boats unsuitable for long trip could be made. Fishing was more difficult because nets had been made from mulberry trees, which had also been used for making cloth. Cutting down the trees also badly affected the soil. Without the trees, the good soil washed away during heavy rains. This made it more difficult to grow food. With less food available, it became impossible to support 7’000 people and the population fell. After 1600, the once complex society on Easter Island became more and more primitive. Without canoes, the islanders were trapped in their remote home because of the environmental damage they had caused. Wars started between the clans over the remaining food. Eventually people began to eat each other.
すみませんm(__)m見れました。ありがとうございます! あの、CとDはありますか? C Shishmaref is on a very small island in the Bering Sea. To the east you can see the mainland of Alaska. I arrived in the season when there is no night. I often watched the sun start to set and then rise again. There were only about two hundred people in the village,and I probably met them all in my first two or three days. The people used Eskimo all the time. I tried to learn a little of the Eskimo language every day,but it was very difficult. The first thing I learned to say was,「I'm hungry.」 Their life was very simple and natural. Alaska has many wild animals which the Eskimos hunt. These provite the people with meat,oil,and skins for clothing. One day when we went hunting,I saw my first grizzly bear. It looked majestic. This was the most vivid experience of my first visit to Shishmaref.
UNICORNU Lesson7 続きです DThe Easter Islanders, aware that they were almost completely isolated from the rest of the world, must surely have realized that their existence depended on the limited resources of a small island. Yet they were unable to find the right balance with their environment. Instead, necessary resources were slowly used up until finally none were left. The fate of Easter Island may hold an important message for us, too. Like Easter Island the earth has limited resources to support human society and all its needs. Like the islanders, the human population of the earth has no practical means of escape. For the last two million years, humans have been successful in finding ways to get more food and take more resources to support increasing numbers of people and more complex and advanced societies. But have they been any more successful than the islanders in finding away of life that does not use up the resources that are available to them and forever damage their life support system?
至急求む よろしくお願いしますm(__)m D The three months I spent in Shishmaref left a very deep impression on me. Staying with Eskimos,I became more and more interested in different lifestyles. It taught me one important lesson:even in the most remote places,real people were living their lives. That idea really attracted me. I also began to feel that all of us have one thing in common. Each of us has only one change to live. It is all those single lives that make up our world. When I got back to Japan,I kept thinking about Alaska. I felt that one day I wanted to live there. So,after graduating from university,I decided to become a photographer. I wanted to know more about Alaska,and photograph its wildlife and people. Finally,in 1978, after studying photography for two years,I chose to make my home there.
Giant pandas are cute. When many pandas died of hunger because a lot of bamboo died in the 1970s, people suddenly found that knew very little about these animals. Pandas live in the mountains where there are thick bamboo forests. They have many special features to survive in the mountains. They thick, waterproof fur to keep their bodies warm, and long, sharp claws to climb trees. The panda has also a special "thumb," which it uses to hold bamboo. This thumb is actually a wristbone. Wild pandas are solitary animals and usually try to avoid contact with other pandas. They do this by using a complicated system of communication. They communicate not only by making sounds but by leaving scent marks. Pandas can tell whether another pandas is male or female and how old it is by its scent mark. Pandas in zoos often have more contact with other pandas then they do in in the wild.
Hold on little girl Show me what he's done to you Stand up little girl A broken heart can't be that bad When it's through,it's through Fate will twist the both of you So come on baby come on over Let me be the one to show you
I'm the one who wants to be with you Deep inside Ihope you feel it too Waited on a line of greens and blues Just to be the next to be with you
Build up your confidence So you can be on top for once Wake up who cares about Little boys that too much I seen it all go down Your game of love was all rained out So come on baby<come on over Let me be the one too hold you
Why be alone when we can be together baby You can make my life worthwhile And I can make you start to smile
PROGRESSブック6のHAS TECHNOLOGY MADE FOR PROGRESS?です。和訳お願いします。
The technological revolution that has taken place in our lifetime must be regarded as the second great break in the history of mankind, the first being the invention of agriculture in neolithic times and the transition from barbarism to civilization.
Now, in our times, agriculture, which consituted the basis of civilization for thousands of years, has lost its dominance in one country after another.
And at the same time, the industrial age, begun two centuries ago, is passing. As a result of automation, in the progressive countries, manual workers are also rapidly becoming a minority and a superindustrial culture appears on the horizon.
Has this technological revolution made for real human progress?
Indeed, the progress of modern science, medicine, technology, industry, communication, and culture is unparalleled: it surpasses the boldest fantasies of former futurologists like Juler Varne.
And yet… the longer one considers the situation, the less one can avoid the disturbing observation that something is wrong with this fantastic quantitative and qualitative progress.
Particularly in the most progressive industrial nations people are becoming increasingly doubtful about the dogma they had believed for a long time: that science and technology are the key to man's universal happiness and that progress results inevitably and ─as it were─ automatically.
What are really disturbing are the great contradictions of international politics and economics, the wage and price spirals, the uncontrollable inflation, the increasing gap between rich and poor nations.
And most disturbing of all are the problems seen in the great cities like NewYork: behind the most imposing skyline in the world is spreading ever increasing air pollution, putrid water, rotting streets, traffic congestion, shortage of dwelling space, rising rents, the noise of traffic and all the uproar of civilization, health hazards, mounting violence and crime, larger ghettos, more acute tensions between races, classes and national groups.
One might well ask oneself “Where will it all end?”
Nothing less than a spiritual revolution, a revolution of the heart, is needed.
訳お願いいたします。申し訳ございません。 @Islam is the world's second most followed religion. For centuries it has existed alongside Christianity,Buddhism,Hinduism and Judaism. Although many people believe that Muslims are all Arabs from the Middle East,Muslims actually represent all races and nationalities,including Moroccans,Indonesians,Nigerians and Bosnians. In fact,more than 80 percent of Muslims are not Arab.(There are,for example,more Muslims in Indonesia than in the whole Arab world!) A“Islam”means“submission,”and a Muslim is someone who has submitted to the will of God. The words “Islam”and “Muslim”both derive from the same root as the Arabic word salam,meaning “peace.” The cities of Cairo,Damascus,Istanbul,Baghdad,Herat,Delhi and many others mosques,stunning gardens and huge libraries that hold important works of literature,poetry and science.The discoveries in science and mathematics made by Islamic scholars laid the foundations of modern algebra and astronomy. BUnfortunately,recent events have distorted the peaceful image of Islam. The Taliban's uncompromising rule in Afghanistan,the attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001 by the sinister terrorist organization Al Qaeda,and the chaotic and bloody situation in Iraq have confused and frightened people.In fact,these events and the fanaticism of Al Qaeda have nothing to do with the true concepts of Islam.As British Muslim Yusuf Islam,a once-famous pop star,explains, “Islam presents a belief in the universal existence of God,one God for all people. Islam does not discriminate against peoples of different colors and from different tribes. I feel it a duty to make clear that the recent acts of terror by a few fanatics are abhorrent to most innocent Muslims.”
これで以上です。お願いいたします。 CFollowing the 9/11 terrorist attacks by Islamic fundamentalists,there has been a growing suspicion of the Islamic faith.Rather than focus on the differences between religions, it is constructive to remember that Christianity,Judaism and Islam have much in common. All three of these great religions worship the same one God.The three believe that God's message was delivered to man by a series of messengers or prophets that included Abraham,Noah,Moses and Jesus. Christians,however,believe that Jesus,as the son of God,was the last true messenger. Muslims,on the other hand,believe that Jesus was followed by a final prophet prophet, Muhammad.Over a period of 23 years,God spoke to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. His words to mankind were first preserved orally,and then later written down. This record of God's words―the sacred book of Islam―is known as the Qur'an(sometimes spelled “Koran”). In fact,Qur'an means “recitation”in Arabic. DFinally,it should be clarified that even though Muslims worship the same God as Jews and Christians,their concept of God differs somewhat from that of other religions.For example,Christians believe that Jesus was the son of God and was sent to Earth to do God's will.Muslims stress that the prophets Jesus and Muhammad were only ordinary men chosen by God,and that they were not divine. It is always easy to find differences between the main religions,but,as Yusuf Islam is keen to point out,Muslims are taught to respect all religions. Yusuf's main message to the world is,“Please understand that my religion is the home of tolerance and not of fanaticism”
Just as dawn was breaking, Wolfe and the rest of his men finally made it to the top of the cliff to reinforce the British front line. The first light of day revealed a damp, open plain with a light rain falling. Wolfe decided the setting was perfect for battle. He arranged his men in long double lines and ordered them to hold their positions and wait for the French. Wolfe insisted that, no matter how intense the French attack, his men could not move or fire until they could see "the whites of the enemy's eyes." In the meantime, French patrols had spotted the British gathering on the plain and infomed Montcalm of this. Montcalm was in disbelief that the British had somehow found a way to scale the cliffs protecting Quebec, and, needing to see it for himself , he rode out on horseback toward the plains. He could not believe what he saw: long imposing lines of British troops in position to attack Quebec. He had no choice but to attack and defend Quebec. Wolfe's plan had worked. As long as Montcalm kept behind the walls of Quebec, he was safe, but now Wolfe had successfully drawn him into battle.
About four hours after the British had originally arrived at the plains the French defense forces arrived for battle. They marched forward three rows deep, but their lines soon became disorganized as they moved across the rough ground. They held their fire until they were 100 yards from the British, at which point they stayed completely still and did not so much as move, let alone fire back. The French continued their advance and shot and reloaded their weapons on the run. However, their shots became increasingly reckless and inaccurate, often missing their intended targets altogether. The British continued to wait and if one man fell, his position was quickly taken by another. At the 75 yard mark, the British front line dropped down on one knee and got into position to fire, but continued to wait. The French advance continued and at 50 yards they were close enough to make out the British faces and details of their clothing, but still there was no response from the British. Finally, at 40 yards, Wolfe gave the order to fire. The roar of the British all firing in unison was deafening and had a devastating effect on the French lines. The British then stood up, took 20 steps forward and fired again in unison, subjecting the French to great pain and suffering. And thus the British victory and all of its historical consequences were ensured.
I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.
This "Knight Rider" is dedicated to the memory of Marcel Rafael Marcelino, who died while his father, Mario, was filming this episode. Mario played the role of Julio.
訳お願いします。困ってて。。。。 @Islam teaches that all people,regardless of race,color,nationality or ethnicity, are considered equal before Allah and before the law.This concept of tolerance did not reach the West in theory until the 18th century,and in practice not until the 20th century. Islamic states have nearly always shown their religious minorities tolerance and respect. As a result,those communities flourished under Islamic rule.The lives,property and privacy of all citizens in an Islamic state are considered sacred,whether or not the person is Muslim. Non-Muslims also have the freedom to practice their own religions. AAt a time when the rest of the world,from Greece to India to China,gave women no rights whatsoever, Islam acknowledged women's equality with men in a great many respects. The prophet Muhammad said,“A woman is to be treated as an individual,with the right to own and dispose of her own property and earnings.She has the right to inherit from her father,mother and husband.” A very interesting point to note is that in Islam,unlike many other religions, a woman can be an imam,a leader of communal prayer,for a group of women. BDespite the fact that in many places and times Muslim communities have not always adhered to all or even many of the above rights in practice,these ideals have been there for some 1,400 years.Most other major civilizations did not begin to address these issues until the 19th and 20th centuries.
訳お願いします。 @In the 1980s,the Conservative government of Britain introduced new policies regarding social welfare. These changes,coupled with a downturn in the economy,saw big cities fill with homeless people. Desperately searching for new jobs,many of them slept on the street and lived on handouts from passersby and charities.These destitute people were often looked down on,and the attitude of the general public was that they were “people who could not be bothered to find a job.” In 1991,John Bird founded a magazine called The Big Issue,to be sold on the streets by homeless,jobless people. The premise is simple:each vendor receives a vendor's badge and 10 copies of the magazine for free. If they sell these copies,they may use the money to buy more copies,which they can then sell at a profit of 55 percent. Unsold copies are non-returnable,so there is a genuine incentive for the vendors to manage their own budget and stand on their own two feet. ABird's idea was a tremendous success,and you can now see The Big Issue vendors on the main streets of most British cities. “At first I bought the magazine as a way to give money to a homeless person.I didn't actually read it,”says Matthew Woollcott, a London actor.“It took me a while to realize that it's good magazine with interesting features by top journalists. Some of the articles examine the homeless situation and spell out the deeper issues.The magazine has gone a long way to changing people's prejudices toward the homeless.”
BThe homeless issue is not unique to the UK. Japan's economy entered a recession in the 1990s and has struggled to recover since then. Many companies,factories and offices responded by laying off staff. Following cutbacks in the textile and steel industries in the Kansai area,the number of homeless people in Osaka soared. Local residents Yoko Mizukoshi,Shoji Sano and his daughter Miku Sano were determined to raise the public's―and the government's―level of awareness of why people were living on the streets. CThe Big Issue Japan takes one-third of its features from its British counterpart,with the rest written by local journalists. Miku Sano says,“Our initial plan was to sell 20,000 copies of each print run in Osaka,but we exceeded that target. When sales reached a healthy 50,000 in late 2003,we decided to launch The Big Issue Japan in Tokyo.” Sales in the capital city have not matched those in Osaka.“There are too many other people on the streer selling and handing out stuff. It's difficult to get our message across to the public,”says Miku. DNevertheless,it seems that the message is slowly sinking in.As Toshitaka Hamada,a 58-year-old vendor who sells near Shinjuku Station,comments, “People are gradually becoming used to the idea of buying from a homeless person. Many have a quick chat with me,and some even invite me for a coffee.Young folks in particular are aware that there is less security at work.”Hamada continues,“Before The Big Issue Japan,I had nothing to do all day except line up for work at the labor exchange.I just hung around until it was night and time to sleep in my cardboard box at Ueno Now,I feel more positive and I have even started saving again.” The big issue of homeless is not going to go away,so why not buy a copy of the street magazine? You'll be helping in more ways than you might have realized.
You take a chance when you read. You risk an encounter with another person's ideas and experiences, and you may not be the same when xou are finished. Paying close attention to someone's words is an act of respect and a form of inquiry, a way of taking the world seriously. When you think about the ways a writer's words relate to what you know of the world, you take your own ideas and experiences seriously too. There is no telling where that inquiry might lead and whose ideas might be challenged in the process. Nothing can be taken for granted, then, when you think about what you read, and that is the power, and the risk, of the encounter. Reading like that can change a person.
If your experiences are like ours, schools have taught you to accept books ar storehouses of approved and authoritative information, neatly arranged and ready to be learned. Instead of that, however, ask yourself what relations you could find between those ideas and your own.
続きです。 Then you'll be beginning to explore and evaluate writer's ideas and experience in light of yours.
Whenever you take that step as a reader, you prepare yourself to become a more powerful thinker, a person who can shape new insights from an encounter with someone els'e perspective.
However, even readers who scrutinize rather than faithfully accept a book's authority face another barrier. As one psychologist mentions, “human beings are powerfully drawn to those who hold the same beliefs and are sharply repelled by those who do not.”
This common psychological trait “converts many human encounters into rituals of ratification, in which each person looks to the other only to obtain confirmation and applause for his own beliefs.” Some people read this way all the time. They seek out books and articles that support their opinionr, or they look into a text only until they know where the writer “stands” on an issue.
マイルストーン 93ページです。 John fell in love with the fast-moving city.←ここと and for a time supported their political aims.←ここと
He went to demonstrations,wrote songs and gave benefit concerts. Excited by the fact that he was--in his eyes---at last doing something worthwhile,John recorded an album of political songs.←ここです。
I was born in the village of Sotang, in the Solukhumbu district of Npal, near Mount Everest. After completing my primary education there, and moving on to further education and medical training, my efforts and preseverance led me some eight years ago to one of the great cities of the woeld, Tokyo. The diversity of the places where I have lived and the people I have met has given me a richer knowledge and understanding of health and diseases.
Infectious diseases cause many deaths, particularly in developing countries. On the basis of my observations and experience, I always recommend hand washing and sanitary toilets as a scientific and ''better, repaid, acceptable, cheaper, efficient, responsible and simple," (which I call "BRACERS") measure for couring, controlling and preventing many diseases. Using sanitary toilets, combined with hand washing, may be one of the most practical solutions for keeping people healthy. Although most infectious diseases are transmitted to humans via the air, water, soil, insects, birds, animals and humans, themselves, many diseases in developing countries are transmitted through water and human activities. However, through proper measures, such as those described here, these diseases can be controlled or eliminated relatively quickly.
Gor all living beings, including human beings, excretion is as vital as the intake of food. Hand washing should always be done before and after eating or drinking. Sanitary toilets are equally essential for the proper disposal of human excreta. The daily activities of the world's approximately 6.2 billion people have not only created an increase in requirements for food and drink, but also an increase in the volume of excretion has led to health problems in many countries. In the past, diseases such as the plague, smallpox and cholera have affected the lives of people on a global scale. In recent years, not only has globalization brought an increase in cultural exchanges, but also a resurgence of various diseases in industrialized nations. Therefore, we need simple and effective methods to rapidly improve the health of people.
よろしくお願いします。 There is nothing at all wrong with the English language,so far as I can see,but that may only be because I cannot see ahead. If I were placed in charge of it,as chairman,sayof a National Academy for the Improvement o language, I would not lay a finger on English. It suits every need that I can think of: flexibility,clarity, subtlety of metaphor, ambiguilty wherever ambiguity is needed(which is more often than is generally acknowledged),and most of all changeability. I like the notion of a changing language.As a meliorist, I am convinced that all past changes were for the better; I have no doubt that today's English is a considerableimprovement over Elizabethan or Chaucerian talk, and miles ahead of Old English. By now the language has reached its stage of ultimate perfection, and I'll be satisfied to have it this way forever.
WORLD TREK ENGLISH COURSE UのLesson6の一部です。和訳お願いします From our viewpoint,Americans seem far too unwilling to apologize.Sometimes all it needs is a simple apology and the matter is finished.
これが続きです。 You take a chance when you read. You risk an encounter with another person's ideas and experiences, and you may nThere is no true inquiry, no risk of encounter, in those reading practices. If we approach reading as a “ritual of ratification,” an opportunity for “confirmation and applause,” where we want the writer to confirm what we already believe, then our wish will probably come true. And that's not what authors are asking for.
Even good readers probably begin, more often than not, with something like ratification. But they do not stop there. Having submitted for a while to someone else's meanings in a text, they step back, reconsider from their own perspective, and find ways to evaluate based on what they bring to the reading and what they know of the world.
After having temporarily surrendered, good readers use their critical skills to recover their own integrity and shape their own meanings, which may now be broader and more powerful because they will incorporate elements of both persons' perspectives. In that way, readers who inquire and establish connections between what they know and what they read create an opportunity for a new understanding of themselves and others. Good readers abandon the safety of ratification and risk an encounter with another person's ideas and experiences in exchange for the opportunities of new thinking and growth. This back-and-forth process, with its exchange of meanings and its possibilities for new ones, is interpretation.
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes, because they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface.'' Therefore, you should. During the early period of ocean navigation, there was hardly any need for sophisticated instrements and techniques. Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish because of the males' bright colors. Serving several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician. Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface. During the early period of ocean navigation, there was hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques. Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish because of the males' bright colors. Serving several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United States politician.
The social aspect of the market economy which finds expression in numerous protective rules, social insurance provisions, social security benefits to those in need and a range of contributions from employers.
Not many people live in Antarctica. The few who do, stay there only a short time. They are scientists from many countries. They have come to study and explore the great frozen continent. In 1959, a group of explores from New Zealand discovered something strange there. It was a great amount of coal. It was buried in the ice and snow - black coal. Why was this so unusual? Scientists know that coal is made from leaves, flowers and other plants that once lived - then died. Soon they were covered over by mud. During thousands of years, the mud became heavier. It slowly pressed the plants together until they became and changed into coal. Here then was the mystery. How could trees and plants have once lived in this icy land? どなたかよろしくお願いします。
@Japan has become a technological and economic power on the strength of its “human resources.” This is good news for the Japanese people. The bad news is that this rapid progress has caused a lot of stress in society. AJapan -- fast-paced, crowded, and noisy -- is considered to be one of the most stressful societies in the world. Consider these facts: (1) Workers work more and children study more than in most other countries; (2) Wives and mothers have to manage the home alone even though half of them have jobs; (3) Business and personal problems cause over 30,000 suicides every year; (4) In a recent survey, more than 70% of male salaried workers feel they are overworked, and 40% feel they are likely to become victims of karoshi, death as a result of stress caused by overworking and the fear of losing their jobs. Take the case of Ken Ono of Tokyo who worked for large trading company. Every day, he had to spend over an hour pushing through crowds on the train and streets to get to work. At the office, he was under great pressure until 9 at night. Then, he had to go to bars and drink with colleagues customers until midnight. He had to play “company” golf on Sundays. He couldn’t relax at home because his expensive apartment was too small for his wife and two noisy young children. One morning he woke up with pains in his stomach, so he stayed home for a few days. When he went back to his office, his boss said he was lazy and told him to work harder. A week later he was in a mental hospital, a victim of Japan’s “workaholic” culture.
Everyone has stress, and a small amount of it is normal. A little stress at time can be good, such as the stress you feel before running a race. The amount of everyday stress each person experiences varies depending on personality and lifestyle. Severe stress may result in hair loss, ulcers, mental sickness, or heart attack. Here are five ways to fight stress:
1.SLOW DOWN. Live your life one step at a time at a comfortable pave. 2.WORRY LESS. Worrying about things you can’t change is a waste of energy. Life is not perfect and we all have problems, most of which are smaller than we think. How you react to them is the key. Keeping a positive attitude will help you overtime them. 3.LEARN TO RELAX. Refresh your mind and body by exercising, playing games, or taking a nap. Set aside some quiet time for yourself every day. Laughing a lot helps, too. 4.WATCH YOUR DIET. Keep your weight down, limit salt and sugar, eat breakfast. 5.AVOID DANGEROUS CHEMICALS. Don’t use harmful drugs like nicotine (tobacco), caffeine (coffee), and alcohol. You may think these drugs help you relax, but they produce bodily stress.
BDon’t let stress ruin your health. Start now and control it – before it controls you!
1/4 The disparity and diversity in people's ages and etiological factors complicate the management of diseses and care, particularly for people such as children and the elderly. On the other hand, the decisions on health and welfare policy are usually made by people of woeking age (i.e.,20 to 65years) who consider financial issues while formulating these health care plants and proframs. For example, about one half of the Nepalese population and one fifth of the Japanese population are children under the age of 19, and about one thirtieth of the Nepalese population and one fifth of the Japanese population are elderly. What a major diversity in the age distribution this shows! Similarly infant mortality rete varies markedly between the two countries: in Nepal, infant moratlity is 66, and in Japan just 3, per 1,000 live births. Water-borne diseases are common at all ages in Nepal, and remain the major cause of the high infant mortality rate, even though the main source of nutrition in the first year of life is breast milk! Essential as water is for people of all ages, thus hand washing and sanitary toilets may help save lives.
2/4 Handicapped people who are unable to use their hands also benefit from hand washing and sanitary toilets, because they depend on only the hands of others. The transmission of disease from feces to mouth is very common both in urban and rural areas, as well as among international travelers. Therefore the practice of hand washing and the use of sanitary toilets can help prevent the transmission of diseases. These two measures not only help stop the transmission of infectious diseases from feces to mouth, but can also help stop diseases among manual workers. They can also provide new insights for bringing scientific knowledge and pratices to illiterate or poorly educated peopl and schoolchildren, and thus act as a practical form of health insurance for all. They can also be beneficial to industrialized nations, even if these nations have already successfully controlled many water-borne diseases.
3/4 The normal human body produces secretions in several forms, which are disposed of through the process of excretion. These excretion, such as eye, nose and throat discharges, tears, wax, phlegm, nail, parings, hair, sweat, saliva, urine, feces, blood, pus, scabs and grime, if not disposed of properly, can transmit and cause diseases. The hand is a gift of nature, which helps us clean these excreta and makes our existence easy, convenient and enjoyable. Using the hands properly and keeping them clean are both of paramount importance. Our daily need for water is important not only for washing and disposing excreta, but for health and culture as well. It should be free from cloudiness, color, odor, chemicals, toxins and pathogenic organisms, and should taste good. Human feces can have enormous hazardous effects on inanimate objects, such as soil, water or food, and animate beings, such as insects, animals and human beings; contamination with human feces can only be prevented by using sanitary toilets and hand washing. To be effective, safe toilets must use local resources and have a regular supply of water.
4/4 Using a sanitary toilet and having a hand washing habit can help in preventing several common infections diseases transmitted mainly from feces to mouth route, such as diarrhea diseases, enteric fevers, dysenteries, cholera, worminfestation and infections, giardiasis, poliomyelitis, infective hepatitis and food poisoning, contact (eye and skin infections) and pollutants (lead, tar, dyes and phenols).
Instead of telling them the truth - about which I was completely uncertain - I told them I was enjoying beach adventures finding fine food hidden on the beach 誰か助けてください。
It is probably safe to say that had it not been for Sacajawea, Lewis and Clark's expedition would never have succeeded in getting to the Pacific coast and back again. It is thus hardly surprising that when the group approached the Pacific coast,she insisted on seeing the Pacific Ocean herself. Lewis and Clark had told her to stay at the camp,which was still some distance away from the ocean. Sacajawea is said to have protested,"I have traveled a long way to see the great waters of the Pacific!" In the end,her strong will won out,and she was allowed to go along with the men to see the ocean. Lewis and Clark's expendition to the West Coast was one of the first important steps the United States government took to gain control over the American West.
Our world is full of colors. Most people can see them, although some animals cannot. How do we see colors?
@LIGHT & RAINBOWS To see color, we first must have light. White light contains all the colors of the rainbow. Aftere it rains, sometimes we can see rainbows in the sky, because the sun's rays pass through raindrops. We will see the rays go through the raindorops. Each raindrops is a prism which splits the sun's rays into a raindrop. When a ray of light goes through a prism, it bends the light ray. Blue light is bent more but red light is bent less. In this way, the prism splits the ray of light and spreads out the colors.This spreading creates a rainbow.The range of color is called a spectrum.
AHOW IT WORKS Light has colors in it. Look at the picture on page 78.Light comes from the sun or from an electric lamp. Then,it hits the colors on the page and some of the light is reflected into our eyes. Some parts of the picture reflect blue light and some parts other colors. When Iight passes into the eye, it goes to the back to the retina. The retina has two kinds of cells. Some are shaped Iike tiny rods. The others are shaped Iike tiny cones. The rods respond to light but not to colors.The other cells the cones, do respond to colors. Together the rods and cones form an image on the retina. This image is sent to the brain. As a result, we can see the picture on the page. The rods in the retina respond even to very dim light. This is why we can see the shapes of things even when it is dark. The cones do not work in dim light. This is why, in dim light, we can't see color. For this reason, a flower that is bright yellow in the daytime Iooks gray or black at night.
BCOLOR FAMILIES The colors of the spectrum are grouped into three families : red, yellow, and blue. They are called primary colors and all other colors are made from them. Every color has an opposite. It is called a complementary color. For example, yellow is the complementary color of blue and blue-green is the complementary color of red. If we Iook at one color and then look at a different color, our eyes have to change. Most of the time, we do not even notice, but sometimes we are surprised. For example, look at the Bag for about 30 seconds.Then move your eyes quickly to a blank piece of white paper. The afterimage of the flag will stay on your retina for a few moments because your eyes cannot adjust fast enough. Therefore you will ' see ' the flag on the blank page. But you will see it in complementary colors, not the original cojors. This means when the picture is yellow, on the white page you will see blue. When the picture is blue-green, you will see red. You will see white when the picture is black. A Iittle knowledge about color and our eyes takes away some of their mystery but, luckily, none of their beauty.
The modern country of Bangladesh, with its capital in Dhaka, is the eastern half of the area traditionally known as Bengal; the western half, with its capital in Calcutta, is part of India. Although the people of the two halves of Bengal speak the same language, they are divided by religion, the majority of the population in the east being Muslim, and the majority in the west Hindu.
When the whole of this part of the world was part of the British Empire, Bengal was a single province.
In 1947, when the British left, the British Empire in India was divided into two independent countries: India, with a largely Hindu population, and Pakistan, with a largely Muslim population.
The latter consisted of West Pakistan (now Pakistan), and East Pakistan (previously the eastern half of Bengal, now Bangladesh).
As a rerult of this division ─known as Partition─ many Muslims fled from India into one of the two parts of Pakistan, and many Hindus fled from the two parts of Pakistan into India.
This exchange of population was very violent; it has been estimated that about 500,000 people were killed.
More than a million people moved from East Pakistan to the western half of Bengal in India; the grand mother in the passage below was one of those people.
In 1971, East Pakistan gained its independence from Pakistan and become Bangladesh.
The Rabbit Plague @/D What possible reasons could the colonists have had for introducing the greatest environmental pest in Australian history?Why did the rabbit prosper so well?And what have calici and myxo got todo with it all?
The European rabbit is an introduced species in Australia,and has been responsible for the extensive destruction of native flora and the erosion and degradation of huge areas of Australia's most productive farmland.The rabbit population exploded in the nineteenth century, and the rabbits defied all the attempts of colonial governments to eradicate them.The irony is that the distraught settlers were directly responsible for the damage they inflicted on themselves―by having gone to considerable pains to successfully import the vermin and establish them in viable numbers to produce a self-supporting population.For close on 150years,Australian farmers and pastoralists have had cause to curse the well-meaning ignorance that lay behind this most damaging of all animal importations. In rural England,rabbits were a traditional part of the countryside. They provided an important addition to the diet of the peasant and labouring classes,for they could be caught without the need for expensive equipment,and were in sufficient numbers to retain relatibely stable populations despite widespread human hunting.Many poorer folk in rural districts kept hutch-bred rabbits for food,and these had developed a heavier bone and flesh structure through centuries of selective breeding.The furs were also valued for their warmth and attractiveness,and chileren were fond of the rabbit as a domestic pet. The English thus believed that rabbits served a variety of useful purposes in return for very little outlay of effort on their part.
A/D Consequently,rabbits arrived in Australia with the first fleet in 1788,and there is no doubt that further importations occurred during the first 60-70 years of European settlement.In Van Diemen's Land, an early colonist,Dr William Crowther,introdeced rabbits in 1826, and they also accompanied the first settlers to the new Colony of Western Australia in 1829.We know that rabbits were introduced into the district around Port Phillip when it was permanently colonised after 1836,because one of the pioneer pastoralists named Alfred Joyce commented on their infesting his property by 1843.Sealers and whalers deliberately released rabbits onto the islands of Bass Strait and off the coast of South Australia,in an attempt to establish colonies of these most useful food animals.
B/D One of the most striking things that emerges from all these introductions is that the rabbits did not initially appear to be the pest that they were to become later in the nineteenth century.The reason seems to lie in the farming practices adopted by the early pastoralists. When Europeans first drove their flocks of sheep into a new district, they inflicted mayhem on the existing ecological balance.Not only did the sheep destroy the native grasses,but they also competed with a variety of native herbivore species―such as kangaroos,wallabies,and wombats.In addition,the sheep were subjected to attack from Aborigines and from a variety of native animal predators―including dingoes,native cats,eagles,hawks,and crows.The reaction of the pastoralists was to shoot and bait-out as many of the competing herbivores and predators as they could―including the Aborigines. Over the decades,one effect of this was that it opened up an ecological niche by removing all the native predators that had hitherto inhibited the growth of fabbit populations.It was another unforeseen consequence of the application of European agrarian practices to the Australian landscape.
3つの和訳お願いします。 Too Formal in Japan! <An American businessman who works in Japan.> In the States,when you speak to your bossor even the company president,something like "Hey,Jim," is all right. However, in Japan, you've got to use titles like bucho(部長) or shacho(社長). You even have to add san(さん) to the names of coworkers.The other day, I called my boss "Hey,Taka," and he looked surprised. Later,everybody around me said, "You're very rude! If you were a Japanese, you would surely lose your chances for a promotion." Japanese companies are too formal! That's why some Americans do not like to works for them. <A Japanese coworker> The probrem is with the word "hey." Its meaning is quite different in English and Japanese. Don't use it on your superiors,or you'll get into trouble. My advice:"When in Rome do as the Romans do."
The Titanic Disaster(1) thousands of people were watching as the Titanic left England for America on its first voyage. The ship's owner, Mr.Ismay, felt very proud, because the Titanic was the largest and most modern ship in the world. It could carry 2,000 passengers, and was said to be unsinkable. A few days later, on the evening of April 14th, 1912, the passengers were enjoying their dinner in the dining room. But none of them knew thet this would be their last meal, and that in just five hours, most of them would be dead. Mr. Ismay was told that there was a lot of ice ahead.but he just continued eating and said, "Don't worry. The Titanic is unsinkable." At 11:40 that night, Mr.Ismay was woken up suddenly. The ship had hit an iceberg, and water was coming in through a hole near the engines. No one was worried though, because they thought the ship was unsinkable. (To be continued)
The Titanic Disaster(2) But by midnight, the ship began to get lower in the water. The Titanic was actually sinking! At 12:30, women and children began to leave the ship in lifeboats. But there were not enough lifeboats on the Titanic, so a lot of passengers jumped into the freezing sea. However, they soon died of cold. Many wives didn't get into the boats. They preferred to stay on the Titanic to die with their husbands. Finally the Titanic seemed to stand up in the water. Then with all the lights on, and the band still playing a popular song, the great ship sank to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. And it still lies deep in the water. * * * In 1997, a movie named Titanic was made. In it a young gril and a young artist became lovers. The romance movied a lot of people, and the movie was a gread hit. It won 11 Academy Awards in 1998.
The Rabbit Plague C/D It would be wrong,howeber,to assume that the rabbit plague was merely the product of chance.The name of Thomas Austin is habitually connected with the pestilent increase in their numbers in the second half of the nineteenth centry.Austin has been unjustly saddled with the responsibility for the plague when,in fact,it lies with the wider settler society.In the 1850s and 1860s,throughout Australia,groups known as "acclimatisation societies"(新環境順応会)were established in an efffort to correct what colonists regarded as the short comings of nature in their new country.
D/D British attitudes to landscape were embedded in a culture(文化の一部になった) shich found widerness disturbing and unsettling,and which placed a higher premium on landscapes moulded to conform to aesthetic precepts(美学的な方向性) more appropriate to the colosely settled countryside of rural England than to the sparsely populated immensity of the inland.As part of this attemot to render the strangeness of Australia into something more familiar and acceptable, the acclimatisation societies introdeced dozens of exotic plants and animals.The European bee,the horse,the trout, the fox,the donkey,the blackberry,the starling,the thrush,the blackbid ―and the rabbit―are just a few of the new species that made a vigorous adaptation(たくましく適応した) to Australian conditions as a result of the deliberate interbention of these societies.The environmental damage which they and the many oter foreign species have since wrought in Australia beggars the imagination.(想像することも出来ない)
和訳お願い致します。 U.S. researchers believe they may soon be able to detect the very early signs of Alzheimer's disease tears before the symptoms appear.Dr.Gary Small is the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California,Los Angels.
We're working to detect Alzheimer's as early as possible,to detect brain aging so that we can identify people who have subtle problems and begin to treat them.
The doctors are examining the brain activity of about 30 adults,ages 47 brain activity of about 30 adults,ages 47 to 82,using the latest scanning technique--functional magnetic resonance imaging,or FMRI.About half of the participants are at a high-risk for developing Alzheimer's disease because they carry a genetic marker known as ApoE4.These people must do twice as much brainwork to solve the same problem as people who do not have the genetic variant.
We think that there may be a subtle deficit in the brain,and the brain compensates for that deficit,and that's what we're seeing on these scans.
This information may provide a way for researchers to identify the disease early when doctors say preventative treatment may offer hope.Scientists are also experimenting with new drugs to see if they can stop the progression from the early brain deficit to memory loss to full blown Alzheimer's. The results of the studies will be available in two years.
>>204の続きです。宜しくお願いします。 U.S. researchers say they have discovered a possible vaccine against the degenerative brain disease Alzheimer's.This at a World Alzheimer's Congress in Washington.San Francisco based Elan Pharmaceuticals said,“the compound AN1792 has proven to counter Alzheimer's in mice which were genetically altered to develop the disease."Dale Shenk said the company has tested the drug's safety in other animals and has concluded initial tests show the vaccine is safe for humans with mild and moderate forms of the disease.
The safety clinical trials in the U.S. are single-dose and we've just now completed them.But we have not yet fully analyzed them.But what we can say from that work is that the immunization was well-tolerated.
The compound works by targeting clumps of protein,or plaques,that are thought to interfere with brain cell activity,impairing memory and thinking.While researchers have not yet studied whether the vaccine improves brain function in humans,Professor Peter St.George-Hisslop of the University of toronto says its success in mice is significant.Current drug treatments improve Alzheimer's symptoms but the hope is the vaccine will reduce the physical barrier that causes the symptoms. Approximately 12 million people around the world suffer from Alzheimer's,a disease around the world suffer from Alzheimer's,a disease for which there is no cure.By 2025 researchers predict that number will jump to 22 million.Although the disease,a from of denentia,usually strikes people in their later years,individuals in their 30s have been known to suffer from it.
@Seventy million people will die before an ADIS cure is found, according to AIDS experts. Seventy million! Some of this number will be in Japan. Could you be one of them? Possibly you could. Even if you don’t get AIDS, the economic impact of the global AIDS epidemic will affect you in the future. Any way you look at it, AIDS is something you should know about and concerned about. AAIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is the name given to a group of illnesses caused by a virus. This virus is called HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). The disease is considered fatal; that is, HIV in a person usually develops into AIDS after a number of years, and this usually leads to death because there is no cure. BOnce a person is infected with the HIV virus, it travels through the body attacking the immune system. (The immune system is the body’s way of protecting itself against harmful germs and infections.) Since the virus works by attacking the immune cells that are supposed to protect our bodies, finding a cure is very difficult. CHIV is an unusual virus because a person can be infected for many years, yet appear to be perfectly healthy. Eventually, however, the virus multiplies inside the body and destroys the body’s ability to fight off illnesses, even simple infections like the common cold.
DThe main way in which a young person in Japan can become infected with HIV is this: by having sexual intercourse with an infected partner. The virus is present in the sexual fluids and blood of infected people. If infected blood or fluid gets into your bloods, then you will become infected. You can avoid becoming infected in 3 ways: (1)Abstain from sex, that is , no sex; (2)Have sex only with a partner you are certain is not infected; (3)Use a condom each time you have sex. (Condoms are effective only if used correctly, and they are not 100% safe because they can break.) EEach year, thousands of young people in Japan donate blood. And, each year a growing number of them are shocked to find out they have the HIV virus. They probably thought, “It can’t happen to me.” That way of thinking is wrong. Although the official number of infected people in Japan is low compared to other countries, that number is just the “tip of the iceberg.” In other words, there are probably thousand in Japan who are infected but don’t know it. If you think you could be infected, you should get a checkup – a simple blood test – as soon as possible. (These tests are free and anonymous at public health centers throughout Japan.) Sooner is better than later because if a person gets treatment early, he or she can live longer.
FYour behavior is the key. You can reduce the risk of AIDS infection by avoiding risky activities. Having sex without a condom with a number of different partners increases your chances of getting infected. Another behavior to avoid is heavy drinking. Drinking impairs judgment, and young people are less likely to practice safe sex when they are drunk. GThe AIDS epidemic is spreading all over the world, and the number of people infected is constantly increasing, even in Japan. You can fight ADIS by knowing about it, practicing safe sex, and keeping a prejudice-free attitude towards those who have the disease.
和訳お願いします。 Music Therapy Many people believe that music is the finest of the arts.Music and vibrations have always been a part of our environment.The ancient Greeks recognized the power of music over healing. Apollo was the Greek god of both medicine and music.The famous nurse Florence Nightingale recognized the power of music for healing her patients.Nightingale felt it was the responsibility of nurses to control the environment so that patients could heal.She felt music was an important of the nurse's healing environment.
Music therapy involves more than just playing music.One listener may feel better when listening to one type of music that would bother another person.Therefore,a variety of music must be available to music therapists.Music that has a speed of 60 to 80 beats per minute is restful. Faster tempos may help patients who are depressed.The patient's age, culture and mood also have to be considered.Patients are not required to sing along or participate in the music being made. Usually passive listening is all that is needed to get the benefits from the music.
Some medical professionals are skeptical of music therapy at first.They quickly change their minds, however,when they see the improvements in their patients.Modern science has helped by showing the medical profession the benefits of music.The Institute for Music and Brain Science at Harvard University finds that music stimulates the body's immune system.Music therapy has also been shown to decrease pain and reduce blood pressure.Seventy universities in the U.S. now offer degree programs in music therapy.Music therapists have their own standards for certification.Find out more about music therapy at http://www.musictherapy.org
和訳お願いします。 For the last few years,playing the harp has been a nightly ritual for Daniel Jones of Fairfax,Virginia.He started playing the harp for his wife as she fought breast cancer.
She is undergoing some therapies that are very stressful,and I play the harp in order to relax her.
I am normally a very hyperactive person and one of the things I need more than anything else is to reduse stress,and listening to him play certainly helps.
The harp is also used in some hospitals.Physical therapist Sarah Jane Williams uses the harp in treating her patients.The patient lies down on a special bed equipped with an amplifier.She then dims the lights and chooses a suitable tune for the patient's therapy.
I'm finding that people with a lot of neuromuscular disorders really benefit from the harp. Again,if you use that metaphor of the plucked string,where you're putting tension on the nerves or the muscles of the body,you feel like the sound is activating it the same way.
Because the harp has a wide range of sound,it sends vibrations through the body better than other musical instruments.Research shows the harp's vibrations stimulates the body's thymus gland,which helps the body's instinct in fighting disease.
The harp has other uses,as well.In the public school system in Richmond,Virginia,high scool students are part of a harp ensemble.They are part of the only harp education program in the United States which teaches the mentally and physically disabled how to play the harp.Some research has suggested that handicapped students show improvenent by learning to play the harp.
And we've found that it's beneficial from a neurological standpoint,from a physical standpoint in terms of functional skills like gross motor skills,upper-body skills,lower-body skills.
Theories about the harp's therapeutic effect are not new.Traditionally called the instrument of God or“of the angels".The harp has long been an instrument of treatment in Western culture. In modern times,some research has tried to scientifically prove such theories.Harp therapy is attracting attention in the medical field and seems to be getting a lot of media attention, as well.In the U.S.,licenses for harp therapy are available for those interested.And it's not unusual to hear harp music in surgery,doctors'offices,and rehabilitation centers.Researchers say studies of the harp's effect are not new.But if the old saying is true,that“music calms the savage breast"then perhaps that music was played on a haep.Laura Keel,VOA-TV
Jacques had to give up swimming with Clown. In fact, it was against the rules of the Seaquarium. He also gave up working there and left the city of Miami in 1959. After seven years, he returned to visit Clown. He thought she had probably forgotten him. However, he was mistaken. As soon as she saw him, she jumped up to pull his hair. It was certain that she had recognized him at once. After that, he visited clown several times. When he stood at the entrance of the Seaquarium in the spring of 1972, his throat closed. He felt something bad had happened. He hurried to the tank and heard the sad news: Clown had died a week ealier. Now the star of the show was Clown's daughter. She resembled her mother as closely as drops of water. And Jacques saw Clown when he saw the young dolphin. He also found that Clown would continue to live in his sprit as well as in his heart.
I have a work of art. There's an elevator in my school.I have a refrigerator in my kitchen. A plant is a person. I often win at sports. Trucks and cars use gas. There are many tourists in my town. I want to buy a truck. Purple is a color between yellow and orange. English is difficult for me. Both fish and birds can fly. Earthquakes can damage buildings. I usually save my money. It's windy today in my town. Windows have glass in them.
The other one is in a plastic case. Here it is no problem. So we can send you the one from the plastic case only. Or, also the hard cover, but then the envelop will be much thicker.
There are far more attempted suicides than completed suicides. One study estimates that there are 23 atempted suicides for every completed suicide. It is important to pay close attention to those who make attemps. 10% of those who attempted suicide went on later to completed suicide.
訳お願いします。困ってます。 @Against the background of a faltering post-bubble economy, Japan has spent the last 15 year quietly exporting its modern culture abroad.From fashion, cars and mobile phones to music and “anime,”Japan has been reshaping popular culture arond the world.In fact, Japanese anime has become so popular that it is now a multibillion -dollar global industry.In 2002, Japan made US$12.5 billion in royalties from worldwide sales of anime, video game, films, art, music and fashion.The Marubeni Research Institute in Tokyo estimates that 60 percent of animation in the world―with such series as Pokemon, Yu-Gi-Ou,Digimon and Powerpuff Girls―is created in Japan. AAlthough “anime”is short for “animation,” it bears little resemblance to the animated cartoons of Europe and America.Western carton culture has been represented by the works of Walt Disney, whose film classics range from Snow White and Fantasia in the 1930s and ’40s to The Lion King in the 1990s.Disney animated movies are formulaic, fundamentally cute, and mainly aimed at a young audience. More recently, Pixar, a studio that makes use of digital technology, has generated immensely successful cartoons such as Toy Story and Finding Nemo.While these animated films are breaking new ground, the films lean heavily toward the Disney cartoon tradition, and are fundamentally different from anime.
BWhat make anime so original are its roots in other very Japanese forms of popular culture:the manga (comic book) and its predecessor, the Edo-period woodblock print. The dramatic designs and unusual perspectives used in anime, the characteristic areas of bold,flat color, the powerfully drawn figures and the fine attention to detail are all part of a strong graphic traditon that dates back centuries. The narrative structure, the story lines and the characters in adult anime tell us a lot about Japanese social attitudes, and the evolving philosophies of Japanese people as they respond to a changing modern world. In particular, contemporary anime have a darkness, a loneliness and a surreal quality that you will not find in Disney.Stories are often about encounters between people and the spirit world or the cyberworld,and humans are often portrayed as individuals fighting the system.A feature of anime that often surprises Western observers is the portrayal of sex and violence.All this means that anime attract a more adult audience than do cartoons.
CAnime influences not only the world of animation, but conventional movies, too. Quentin Tarantino's Kill Bill (2003) includes a long animation sequence draw in Japan, and the movie unfolds in a manga-esque way. The Matrix (1999) was also inspired by anime, and so was Dark Angel (2000), directed by James Cameron. Japan's growing influence on Hollywood is also seen in Kill Bill when, for the first time ever, two American actresses(Uma Thurman and Lucy Liu) speak Japanese in a Western film. Meanwhile, Disney, Steven Spielberg's DreamWorks and Pixar are making huge investments in Japanese anime studios to gain access to their knowhow, technology and distribution arrangements.
これで以上です。申し訳ありませんがおねがいします。 DSo great is the influence of Japan on contemporary global culture that an American journalist, Douglas McGray, writing a few years ago in Foreign Policy magazine, coined the term“Japan's gross national cool.”McGray said,“In fact, from pop music to consumer electronics,architecture to fashion and food to art,Japan has a far greater cultural influence now than it had in the 1980s, when it was an economic superpower.”
Most people would agree that,although our age far surpasses all previous ages in knowledge,there has been no correlative increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define wisdom and consider means of promoting it.I want to ask first what wisdom is,and then what can be done to teach it. There are,I think,several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion:the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This has become more difficult that it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the specialized knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose,for example,that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your intellectual energy. You have not time to consider the effct which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine.
訳お願いします。 @Until recently, most people could expect to die in their own homes. What happened in someone's last hours was known only to their closest relatives, and perhaps to a doctor or nurse. But now, with advances in medical technology, the majority of deaths occur in hospitals, where life, of a sort, may be prolonged for a long time. Decisions are no longer taken privately in a small familly group, but are instead made amid a constantly changing crowd of doctors, nurses, patients and technicians. As a doctor who has specialized in the care of the dying, I often think about how I would like to be treated when close to death. Doctors are often hopelessly frustrated by an incurable illness. Rather than let someone die gracefully, they will try some new technique or some unproven drug. Time after time I have seen people who are dying of AIDS or cancer trapped in hospitals, waiting for pointless tests, when they could be at home with their family. ADeath itself grows harder to define. In Britain there are, at any one time, almost 2,000 people who have spent more than six months in a persistent vegetative state from which they will never recover. These people linger in that gray zone between life and death, usually as a result of car accidents or strokes. It often requires a massive effort by doctors and nurses to keep them alive, even when there is no hope of any kind of reasonable existence in the future. In reaction to this policy of the medical profession to intervene no matter what the situation, more and more people are now drawing up “living wills.”These legal documents contain clear instructions on what is to happen should a medical condition prevent a patient from communicating with his or her doctor directly.
BI think anything that helps a doctor understand a patient's wishs is a good thing, even when these wills are written many years in advance. But I ask myself, as living wills become more and more common, what is the next step?Do the curts then introduce similar rules to those seen in the Netherlands? There, patients can request that a doctor end their life if they are experiencing unbearable pain and there are no other reasonable solutions. One of my patients, David, is an example. This month he will travel to Amsterdam, where a doctor will help him commit suicide. David has muscular dystrophy and cannot walk or feed himself. He would like to delay his death by a few months, but he knows that soon he will be too ill to make the journey.
成美堂 「England in Sketches」P30 Not only the services held within the churches,but their material presence in wood and stone seems to confer a devine blessing on the surrounding countryside and to proclaim the biblical truth that God dwells not in any house built by human hands, but (as Wordsworth says) in "the light of setting suns, and the round ocean and the living air, and the blue sky, and in the mind of man"
The detection in Germany, for instance, of element 109 is based on the observation of a single decay event after 3 weeks of bombarding a bismuth target with Fe. The half-life of isotope-226, of the element 109, is about 5 ms. Element 108 is claimed on the basis of three decay events from long-term bombardment of a lead target with Fe. The half-life of the 265-isotope of element 108 is about 3 ms. The Soviets claim detection of element 106, and this has been confirmed in the United States. The Soviets singly claim the detection of element 107.
@English teachers have a term for this chapter's topic-pharasal verbs. You can think of them as a verb phrase- that is, a verb and a particle. Phrasal,as you have probably guessed,is the adjective form of the noun phrase.
Let's begin with a typical example of a phrasal verb:take back.When you borrow a book from the library,you should take back the book before it's due. If you take the book back after the due date, the librarian gives you a cold look. I think this is a subject librarians study in the first year of college: the title of the course is Cold Looks 101. That's just a joke, but did you notice that take back wasused in two different ways?
The first time it was "take back the book" the second time it was " take the book back." Often, but not always, phrasal verbs can be used like this. There's no change in meaning - either way is fine. A student once told me that she thought "take the book back" sounded more informal, and that it should only be used in conversation, never in writing. This is not the case at all. There is no difference between either of these forms.
AWhen you're using a noun such as "the book "or "the books," either way is correct. There is one thing you need to remember though. When you're using a pronoun,in this example it or them, the pronoun must be placed directly after the verb.The correct form is "take it back"or"take them back." "Take back it" and "take back them" arer mistakes.
I can hear some of you saying,"That's pretty difficult.Why don't we just use the word return?" That's a good point. The reason is that phrasal verbs are just more coonly used in conversation I'd bet that nine out of ten native speakers would use "take back" instead of "return" in conversation.
Human development is about much more than the rise or fall of national incomes. It is about creating an environment in which people can develop their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests. People are the real wealth of nations. Development is thus about expanding the choices people have to lead lives that they value. And it is thus about much more than economic growth, which is only a means —if a very important one —of enlarging people ’s choices.
Fundamental to enlarging these choices is building human capabilities —the range of things that people can do or be in life. The most basic capabilities for human development are to lead long and healthy lives, to be knowledgeable, to have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living and to be able to participate in the life of the community. Without these, many choices are simply not available, and many opportunities in life remain inaccessible.
On November 3, the Russians launched Sputnik U. Roy Lee, O'Dell, Sherman, and I got together in my room. "How about building a rocket by ourselves?"I said. The other boys looked at one another. "Do you know how to build a rocket?"Sherman asked. "Here is a used flashlight. All we have to do is put fuel in it and make a hole at the bottom of it,"I said. "I've got twelve cherry bombs. We'll use the powder taken out of them." Some nights later, we set our rocket on top of my mother's rose-garden fence. I set it off and ran back. Sherman was counting backward from ten. When he reached zero and shouted, "Go!"the cherry-bomb powder exploded. Then an arc of fire went up and up into the dark sky. It was my mother's rose-garden fence that went up. It wasn't our rocket. After that, the people of Coalwood named us the Rocket Boys.
教科書じゃないけど、おながいしまつ Any pets? I keep my pets at my parents' house. Four and a half cats, to be precise. Only half of one because we almost never see her, it's like she's a phantom. Yet I know she exists... somewhere up in the coils and planks of my mattress like a little monster under my bed. I used to steal baby birds from their nests and raise them with eyedroppers and shoeboxes, too. One day, I'll own an aviary.
IN an announcement intended to coincide with opening of its annual parliamentary session this weekend, a spokesman for the Chinese Parliament said on Friday that China intended to increase its military spending by 12,6 percent this year to $29,9 billion. This latest increase, combined with the Chinese Parliament`s plan to enshrine in law China`s threats against Taiwan`s moves toward full independence, may intensify disquiet in the Bush administration and among China`s neighbors about the speed and goals of China`s military modernization. 優しい方が多いようなのでお願いします。
>>285 英語の教師は、この章の話題のために用語として、句的動詞を使っている。あなたは それを動詞句ーーーつまり動詞と冠詞のことだと思うだろう。あなたが多分 思ったように、句的とは名詞句の形容詞形である。 典型的な句的動詞take backを例にとって、話を始めよう。もしあなたが図書館 から本を借りたなら、期限までに返すべきである。期限を過ぎたあとで返したら、 図書館員はあなたを冷たい目で見るだろう。これが図書館員が大学1年で 勉強する科目、冷たい視線101という講座の題目である。それは冗談であるが、 あなたはtake backが二つの違った使い方をされたのに気づいただろうか? 最初はtake back the book,2回目はtake the book backである。しばしば、 といってもいつもではないが、句的動詞はこのように使われる。意味に違い はない。昔ある学生が私にtake the book backはくだけた感じがすると思う、 会話だけで使い、文章では書くべきではないと言ったことがある。これは全然 違う。これらの形に違いはない。
>>286 the book, the booksのような名詞を使うなら、どちらでも正しい。だが一つだけ 覚えておく必要のあることがある。もし代名詞を使うならーーーこの例では itとthemだがーーー代名詞は動詞のすぐあとに置かなければならない。 take back itとtake back themは間違いである。 諸君の中には「それは難しい。returnという単語をなぜ使わないのか」と言う かもしれない。鋭い指摘である。理由は句的動詞は会話でよく使うからだ。 10人中9人のネイティブスピーカーが会話では、returnではなく、take back を使うと断言してよい。
和訳お願いします。 1. We know that, on average, the male brain weighs a little more than the female brain. However, the brain's weight in proportion to the entire body weight is about the same for both sexes. We also know that males show more difference in intelligence than females. This means that there are more males than females with very low I.Q.s- and more males than females with very low I.Q.s. Why? Nobody knows foe sure, but it could have something to do with the fact in males, the two sides of brain seem more specialized than they are in females. Girls are born with a more highly developed cortex and a large corpus callosum. In girls, the right and left sides of the brain are more closely connected to each other. Later in life, females tend to solve problems using several different approaches, while males seem more single-minded.
2. A brain specialist from the University of Chicago believes that the stronger corpus callosum connection in the female brain could explain "women's intuition." It could also explain women's lesser ability in math and in understanding how machines work. Some researchers think that the structure of the male brain makes males better at spatial tasks, like building things with colored blocks or putting things together. A psychologist from Johns Hopkins University explains that this may be why males often show greater ability in mathematics than females do. However, there are some females who have excellent spatial ability and some males who have poor spatial ability. And there also some females who are excellent in math and mechanical skills. So keep in mind that these differences don't describe the way every girl and boy acts. 3. Studies suggest that males have more highly developed motor skills and are better than females at solving problems involving the arrangement of objects (such as jigsaw puzzles). Boy seems to be more interested than girls in how things work. They also show more curiosity. Boys are often more impulsive and more easily distracted than girls. They take more risks, and are more aggressive. Females appear to have more highly developed language skills. They are better than males at controlling the fine hand movements needed for tasks such as calligraphy. Females are less easily distracted, and they generally process information faster than males. Girls rather than boys tend to be more interested in people and social relationships. They have an easier time remembering names and faces. Many girls have a stronger sense of smell, taste, and touch.
4. Now the million-doller question: Which of these differences are physiological, and which are due to environmental influences? We're back to the old problem of nature vs. narture. Scientists emphasize that only a small part of the male-female difference in any one skill area is due to the anatomical makeup of the brain. Most of the difference depends on the environment: the encouragement one receives or the amount and kind of education one receives. Ask your self the following question: Do you believe you can learn a certain skill? Do the people around you believe you can learn it? Are you given opportunities to learn it from helpful teachers. If your answer is "yes" to all three of these questions, then your chances of learning the skill are very high, even if your brain is "against" you!
5. Research often shows that many girls are taught to be passive and caring, while many boys are taught to be aggressive and risk-taking. Frequently without realizing it, parents encourage these tendencies by the type of clothing they buy for their children, the kind of toys they give them, and the nature of activities they allow their children to take part in. Today,many people think that a lot of the male-female differences would disappear if boys and girls were treated tha same by their parents from the beginning. In this way, society's expectations and cultural values can affect how we learn and what we learn from the people around us.
The figures fall broadly into two clusters−those that are very high and many, like the eighty who died at Pydna, that are strikingly low. This distribution strongly suggests that Roman histrians tended to memorialize particularly heavy losses and to use low numbers to underscore that some victories were comparatively bloodness (at least for their side). The mortality rate for a typical victory therefore probably would have been a percentage lying roughly between the median and the mean of all recorded numbers of deaths in battle.
ex-boyfriend the other day. He has asked someone's help and advice, like me... Because he is really worried about his job these days. Such as he's thinking of going to quit his job and so on. To tell the truth, I broke up with him about 5 months ago. He's 5 years yonger than me. He graduated from university in Nagoya,and decided to start new job in Osaka last spring. After few months later, he got transferd to Nara. He was really busy from then on. (He is still busy now) He couldn't take a day off,and had to work overtime. So it was so hard to keep relations between him and me at that time. But we still keep in touch by e-mail once in a while.
I wish I could help his matter. But I couldn't advice to him easily... I hope to it turns out well!
I'm sorry for writing my poor English diary. Thank you for reading.
PRO-VISION ENGLISH COURSEUのLESSON8です。 和訳お願いします。 2.How Do We Have Successful Dialogue? A big mistake many of us make, Isaacs says, is we prepare too well before starting our dialogues. We know exactly what we're going to say, leaving no room for surprises. "Most often we know what we want to say and wait for our turn to say it. We are closed to hearing the unexpected from others, cutting our selves off from honest exchanges that give us new knowledge and ideas and make us want to take action. This is the opposite of dialogue." In carrying out dialogue, we are more like jazz musicians making up ideas on the spot in a group than like a pianist playing by himself or herself. Dialogue is a kind of action done together. According to Isaacs, people who think and talk together effectively have the following abilities: Listening--- We must listen not only to others but to ourselves, dropping our assumptions, resistance, and reactions. Respecting--- We must allow rather than try to change people with a different opinion. Suspending--- We must suspend our opinions, step back, change direction, and see with new eyes. Voicing--- We must speak our own voice. Find our own authority, giving up the need to dominate. Not simply mere talk, dialogue is also about shifting the relationship of power. As long as there's a power difference in your roles --- like a conversation between a boss and employee or a progessor and student --- dialogue is very difficult. Regarding this point, Isaacs gives us a suggestion: "We must look beyond our differences to get new information, so the professor can learn from the student and the boss from the employee. All good bosses know that when you're really acting as a good leader, it's not clear who's leading and it doesn't matter. If the boss sees you as a partner, rather than an employee, suddenly it becomes possible to be creative."
How heavy is the weight of a nation and its people? Just ask Australian track star,Cathy Freeman. In the Sydney Olympic Games,she felt pressure to win both from the entire Australian nation and from her own Aboriginal people. As a runner who had won the past world championships,she was expected to take gold in the Olympic 400 maters. The expection was almost too much for her,but she won easily in 49.11 seconds. After the race,Cathy ran around the track in a victory lap. She was carrying both the Australian and Aboriginal colors. They were tied together. Behind them was her strong desire for unity and equality among the people in the country of the Southern Cross.
As people make predictions about the next 100 years,it's hard not to wonder:How many of us will be around to see if they come true? The answer,say healrh experts,is a lor more of us than you may think! Improvements in health and nutrition over the past century have already extended the life of the average American from 47 years in 1900 to 76 today. With medical know-how continuing to advance at a fast pace,the U.S.Census Bureau is predicting that by the year 2100,five million Americans will be 100 years old or more. Not only will many of today's kids live to see the year 2100,but also a fair number of them may be around to ring in 2140!
和訳おねがいします 「SUNSHINE English Course I(サンシャイン E I)」のLessn 8のSection 1です。
続き、Section 2 Predicting and preventing illnesses such as heart disease and cancer will become the focus of medicine in this century. For this the study of genes will be important. Genes are the chemical messages in every cell of our bodies and determine what we look like and what illnesses we get. New vaccines will also help people to live longer. For those of us who still get sick,we'll have many new ways to repair the damage. Scientists will be able to replace worn-out body parts with new ones grown in laboratories. Researchers can already grow small parts of the liver from just a few cells. Growing other body parts,from ears to hearts,is the next step.
Section 3 The good news for those of you who may be around for another century is that you probably won't ever look or feel the way a very old person does today. Some scientists belive it will be possible for humans to live twice as long as they do now while they look and feel half their age. They have proved this is possible for round worms. They have changed a few ganes and found that the worms live four times as long as normal! The change also reverses the physical effects of again,so the worms look as young as when they were babies. All these new discoveries lead some people to ask whether we can stay alive forever. And guess what? Some scientists belive it's possible! "We already have certain cells in our bodies that have been alive for millions of years and have been passed endlessly from parents to children,"they say. One thing seems certain:we have longer,healthier lives to look forward to!
It was inevitable that I, too, should fall in love with engines and cars. Don't forget that even before I could walk, the workshop had been my playroom, for where else could my father have put me so that he could keep an eye on me all day long? My toys were the greasy cogs and springs and pistons that lay around all over the place, and these, I can promise you, were far more fun to play with than most of the plastic stuff children are given these days. どなたか和訳をお願いします。
So almost from birth, I began training to be a ( ア ).
But now that I was five years old, there was the problem of school to think about. It was the law that parents must send their children to school at the age of five, and my father knew about this. We were in the workshop, I remember, on my fifth birthday, when the talk about school started. I was helping my father to fit new brake linings to the rear mheel of a big Ford when suddenly he said to me, ‘You know something intdresting Danny? You must be easily the best five-year-old ( イ ) in the world.’ 空欄に当てはまる語が分からないんですが、>>360の続きです。 和訳お願いします。
This was the greatest compliment he had ever paid me. I was enoqmously pleased. ‘You like this work, don't you? he said. ‘All this messing about with engines.’ ‘I absolutely love it,’I said. He turned and faced me and laid a hand gently on my shoulder. ‘I want to teach you to be a great mechanic,’he said. ‘And when you grow up, I hope you will become a famous designing engineer, a man mho designs new and better bngines for cars and aeroplanes. 和訳お願いします。
Especially on a wintry morning when she would give me my breakfast in bed and I would awaken to a tidy little room with a small fire glowing and see the steaming lettle on the hob and a haddock or a bloater by the fender being kept warm while she made toast.
Mother's cheery presence,the cosiness of the room, the soft padded sound of boiling water pouring into ourearthenware tea-pod while I read my weekly comic, were the pleasures of a serene Sunday morning. (下文は大丈夫です
oh, i see. i misunderstood what you meant. i thought you said me to fuck with you or something since in my image you are definitely a pervert. i am saying this kind of shit but still love you too lol.
While he remained on the Calvinist side in theology,on one occasion taking the opposite view in debate with Andrewes on the question of predestination,he was far from being a Puritan.
Martina Hingis' campaign for a fourth Australian Open title is still on track, but not before an almighty scare against China's No.19 seed Li Na in the fourth round of Australian Open 2007.
これのnot before あたりの意味がわかりません。 よろしくお願いします。 ほにゃららの中国人に対するひどい恐れの前にではない? やっぱりよくわかりません。
専門的なのですが・・・どうかよろしくお願いします。 As to the first question, I think that the observations by Bouwsma and Hospers (as well as by several others) give the key to a plausible answer. The point of departure is, then, that we experience many emotions and notice features of art works for which there are no names or terms in our language. This, of course, creates a problem, if we want to talk about works of art and their qualities. How is this problem solved by critics? We use ‘’sad’’ to characterize certain states of mind of which we have first-hand knowledge by acquaintance (‘’I am sad’’) as well as the behavior of other people (‘’she is sad’’). People who are sad typically behave in certain ways, and there is an analogy between the features of sad music and the features characterizing sad people. This is why we use the term ‘’sad’’ to call attention to certain E-qualities in music. In saying this, however I have not answered the ontological and phenomenological questions raised above.
芸術作品鑑賞時における、美的感覚に関する論文らしいのですが・・。 tunesはメロディと訳してよいそうです。 かなりの長文なのですが、どなたかお願いいたします。 As to the second question, it has sometimes been suggested that when we listen to sad tunes, we experience sadness and this emotion is somehow projected onto the work of art. The idea is, it seems, that our experiences of sad music and sad people have a common content. It may even be argued that this gives and answer to the semantic questions: the reason why we choose ‘’sad’’ to characterize both sad music and sad people is simply that our experiences of sad music and sad people have a common content. This account may be right but no doubt it raises several difficult problems, among others the following ones: how are the concepts of content and projection to be understood, and how are the claims of this theory to be tested? In what non-metaphysical sense can music and people possibly have a common content? Before concluding this discussion, I would like to suggest a somewhat different analysis. It is an adverbial Chisholm-inspired approach in the sense that to experience sad music is not construed as having experiences with a certain content but rather as experiencing it in a certain way. To experience sad music is to experience music sadly. The difference may seem slight but I think it is important; some of the objections that can be made against the talk of projections and contents cannot be made to the approach suggested here. The important thing is that I do not assume that our experiences of sad music and sad people have a common content. What I am assuming is that I experience sad music in a way that in certain respects is similar or analogous to the way I experience sad people.
PRO-VISION U LESSON1 Part1です Jesse Martin had a dream of sailing around the world alone in a yacht. The young Australian had always been interested in sailing. When he was sixteen, he and his brother asked their parents to let them go on a kayaking trip around the seas of Papua New Guinea. In the same year, he answered an advertisement to sail on a yacht from Belize in Central America to Australia. He was suprised when he got a call from the owner of the yacht, a man named Dave, who agreed to take him on the yacht. Jesse talked to his parents and then flew to Belize. "On that trip I learned from Dave all I could about sailing a yacht using only the stars for navigation," says Jesse. "I decided then to have a try at becoming the youngest person to sail around the world alone."
A British person, living in America, was once visited by some friends from Britain. He took them to various places to see the sights. Wherever they went, his friends kept asking him anxiously, "Is this the real America?" The puzzled man could only reply, "Yes , this is America."
This story nicely illustrates what we could call "the paradox of tourism. " When we visit foreign countries as tourists, we tend to be determined to see the real or authentic aspects of that country; the "Japaneseness" of Japan or the "Indianness" of India. However, with increasing globalization, what represents the "real" aspects of a Particular culture has become harder to identify. For example, a karaoke bar in the Philippines has become just as much a part of that country as, say, as a McDonald's has become a part of the culture of Japan.
Nevertheless, tourists often go to great lengths to seek out the "real" in the countries they visit. However, sometimes the "real" proves to be unsatisfactory and tourists have to re-create the country to match their own expectations. For example, when visiting Thailand tourists might feel rather uncomfortable in the pollute urban sprawl that is present-day Bangkok. They might feel mush happier when they visit the beautiful island-resorts to the south. They might feel that they had discovered the real Thailand. Soon though, they might start to notice that the island is full of foreigners and that the only Thai people to be seen are either serving food or selling something. This is because the resort is actually "Thailand" as foreigners would like to have it.
Some complain that tourists by their very presence change or even ruin the countries they visit. This helps to explain the endless quest of tourists to find more remote and unspoilt places; an ultimately hopeless endeavour in a finite world. This is a self-defeating, but understandable, desire to escape from one's own culture.
We can recently find in Japan a possible alternative to the problem of tourism. This involves the creation of theme parks with names like "Spain Village." At such places people can enjoy the simulation of a foreign country while avoiding some of the unpleasant realities of foreign travel. Unfortunately though, we also lose what seems to be the greatest benefit of foreign travel; the way it forces us to question our assumptions and stereotypes.
Many peoples of the world expect conflicts to be resolved by third parties. This reflects an emphasis on harmony and interdependence: the tendency to see individuals as located in a social network, in contrast to the American tendency to over-emphasize independence and see the individual as the fundamental human unit. To manage disputes ranging from quarrels between family members to conflicts between villages, cultures develop informal rules and formal proceedings, just as Americans have assumptions about fair fight as well as legal trials.
A Peace Corps staff member is hurriedly called to a town in Ethiopia to deal with reports that one of the volunteers is treating Ethiopians like dogs. What could the volunteer be doing to communicate that?
A volunteer in Nigeria has great trouble getting any discipline in his class, and it is known that the students have no respect for him because he has shown no self-respect. How has he shown that?
Neither volunteer offended his hosts with words. But both of them were unaware of what they had communicated through their nonverbal action.
In the first case, the volunteer working at a health center would go into the waiting room and call for the next patient. She did this as she would in America - by pointing with her finger to the next patient and beckoning him to come. Acceptable in the States, but in Ethiopia her pointing gesture is for children and her beckoning signal is for dogs. In Ethiopia one points to a person by extending the arm and hand and beckons by holding the hand out, palm down, and closing it repeatedly.
In the second case, the volunteer insisted that students look him in the eye to show attentiveness, in a country where prolonged eye contact is considered disrespectful.
While the most innocent American-English gesture may have insulting, embarrassing, or at least confusing connotations in another culture, the converse is also true.
If foreign visitors were to bang on the table and hiss at the waiter for service in a New York restaurant, they would be fortunate if they were only thrown out. Americans might find foreign students overly polite if they bow.
We assume that our way of talking and gesturing is "natural" and that those who do things differently are somehow playing with nature. This assumption leads to a blindness about intercultural behavior. And individuals are likely to remain blind to and unaware of what they are communicating nonverbally, because the hosts will seldom tell them that they have committed a social blunder. It is rude to tell people they are rude; thus the hosts grant visitors a "foreigner's license," allowing them to make mistakes of social etiquette, and they never know until too late which ones prove disastrous.
数研出版のMake Your Ascent to Better English Reading からの文章です お願いいたします
前半 There is a widespread warlike atmosphere that makes us approach public dialogue as if it were a fight. It is a tendency in Western culture in general, and in the United States in particular, that has a long history and deep roots. It has served us well in many ways but in recent years has become so exaggerated that it is getting in the way of solving our problems. Our sprits are wounded by living in an atmosphere of constant battle - an argument culture. The argument culture urges us to approach the world - and the people in it - with a warlike or competitive attitude. It is based on the assumption that opposition is the best way to get anything done: the best way to discuss an idea is to set up a debate; the best way to cover news is to find spokespeople who express the most extreme, divided views and present them as "both sides of the argument"; the best way to settle disputes is legal action that sets one party against the other; the best way to begin an essay is to attack someone; and the best way to show you're really thinking is to criticize.
後半 Our public exchanges have become more and more like having an argument with a family member. Conflict can't be avoided in our public lives any more than we can avoid conflict with people we love. One of the great strengths of our society is that we can express these conflicts openly. But just as families have to learn ways of setting their differences without causing real damage to each other, so we, as a society, have to find constructive way of settling disagreements and differences. Public discussion requires making an argument for a point of view, not having and argument - as in having a fight. The war on drugs, the war on cancer, the battle of the sexes, political battles - in the argument culture, images and expressions of war are spread through our talk and shape our thinking. Nearly everything is presented as a battle or game in which winning or losing is the main concern. These all have their uses and their place, but they are not hte only way - and often not the best way - to understand and approach our world. Conflict and opposition are as necessary as cooperation and agreement, but the scale is off balance, with conflict and opposition over-weighted. we need not give up conflict and criticism altogether. Quite the contrary, we can develop more varied - and more constructive - ways of expressing opposition and settling disagreements. We need to use our imaginations and intellect to find different ways to seek truth and gain knowledge.
To survive on the earth, human being require the stable, continuing existence of a suitable environment. Yet the evidence is overwhelming that the way in which we now live on the earth is driving its thin, life-supporting skin, and ourselves with it, to destruction. To understand this calamity, we need to begin with a close look at the nature of the environment itself. Most of us find this a difficult thing to do, for there is a kind of conflict in our relation to the environment. Biologically, human beings participate in the environmental system as subsidiary parts of the whole. Yet, human society is designed to exploit the environment as a whole, to produce wealth. The paradoxical role we play in the natural environment - at once participant and exploiter - distorts our perception of it.
Among primitive people, a person is seen as a dependent part of nature, a frail reed in a harsh world governed by natural laws that must be obeyed if he / she is to survive. Pressed by this need, primitive peoples can achieve a remarkable knowledge of heir environment. The African Bushmen live in one of the harshest places on earth ; food and water are scarce, and the weather is extreme. The Bushmen survive because they have an intimate understanding of this environment. Bushmen can, for example, return after many months and miles of travel to find a single underground tuber, noted in their previous wanderings, when they need it for their water supply in the dry season.
We who call ourselves advanced seem to have escaped from this kind of dependence on the environment. The Bushmen must squeeze water from a searched-out tuber ; we get ours by the turn of a tap. Instead of open space, we have city streets. Instead of seeking the sun's heat when we need it, or avoiding it when it is too strong, we warm and cool ourselves with artificial machines.All this leads us to believe that we have made our own environment and no longer depend on the one provided by nature. In the eager search for the benefits of modern science and technology we have come to believe in a nearly fatal illusion : that through our machines we have at last escaped from dependence on the natural environment.
Jesse became famous, but he remained modest: "What I want to tell people most is how powerful the human spirit is. We need to encourage those around us to believe in their dreams and help then achieve them. If it had not been for the encouragement and support of my family, I would never have made it." Jesse continued, " I was just an ordinary kid with a dream who was serious about what I want to do. I am not a special person who can do something beyond the ability of an ordinary human being. If I can do this, anyone can. All I did was to say, 'I want to do this' and go to work on it. Try hard to make your dream come true. I want to encourage everyone to just have a go."
Jesse sailed up past the equator to Azores Islands and then down past the bottom of Africa. But things did not always go well for Jesse. He nearly hit whale. For a few days there was no wind and he couldn't move. A large ship almost hit him, he was almost attacked by pirates, and he sailed through a very bad storm. On his final run across the Indian Ocean to Australia, he suddenly had a power cut. No light, no computer, no radio. He succeeded in making one phone call to his father, who gave him some advice. He checked all the wires and found that salt water had gotten into some of the equipment. He cleaned the wires and he had power again. It was on October 31, 1999 when he came home. He was eighteen. The trip had taken 328 days and he had covered 50,000 kilometers. He became the youngest person to sail around the world alone.
As recently as ten years ago few people would have predicted that the Internet would play a major role in business. Today, however, the Internet has become an essential tool - especially in the international business world. Some of the most important features of the Internet for business include providing vast amounts of data and information, speed for communication and business transactions, the reduced need for business travel, and the ability to link people throughout the world in "virtual meetings."
An old expression states, time is money. The Internet allows businesspeople to save both time and money by providing quick access to vital information and by making it possible to send information and to conduct actual business transactions almost instantly, "on line." Saving time helps keep businesses ahead of competitors. Furthermore, sometimes the price offered to customers on line - for airline tickets, to give a common example - may be lower than those offered to the general public.
Another important feature offered by the Internet is the ability to do business in almost any place in the world without even having to go to an office. People can now choose to work at home without having to commute to an office, except for occasional meetings. The Internet has also made it possible for people in poor and developing countries to work for big international companies - enjoying salaries that would otherwise be unimaginable in their home countries. For example, today many of the best computer programmers and software engineers live in India. They can work for top companies such as Microsoft and Intel without leaving home. Many people believe that in the future "Internet employment" will offer increasing opportunities to people in developing countries and that it may help to decrease the gap between rich and poor nations.
Other essential uses of the Internet in international business include online banking and trading - which greatly reduce the time and expense that used to be required in doing international transactions. Internet trading has also reduced the need for traveling to conduct business. "Virtual meetings," which include sound and visual contact, can now bring together people in different parts of the world. Such possibilities can enable both lower operating times and reduced expenses.
Of course there will always be a need for some face-to-face contacts in business. But the Internet, like the computer it "lives" in, has become an essential partner in modern business
The Earth's species are dying out at an alarming rate, up to 1,000 times faster than their natural rate of extinction.
Some scientist estimate that as many as 137 species disappear from the Earth each day, which adds up to 50,000 species disappearing every year.
Tropical rainforests contain at least half of the Earth's species. In Panama, scientists discovered fully 80% of the world's currently known beetle species on only 19 trees. The unbelievable diversity of the rainforests means that most species have evolved to inhabit very specialized places in their environment. When humans disrupt that environment, many species can nnot survive.
Because species depend on each other in a complicated web of relationship, changing just one part of that web harms the entire ecosystem. As people destroy or significantly change the rainforests, certain species die out. And as they go extinct, other species die out, which in turn leads to further breakdown of the ecosystem. This breakdown of rainforest ecosystems will likely lead to the disappearance of up to 10% of the world's species within the next 25 years unless we act to stop it.
Species extinction is a natural part of evolution. Why, then, should growing extinction rates concern us? The human species depends on the rainforest's millions of life forms for its own existence. We, too, are a dependent part of the delicate balance.
Why are species vanishing at such an alarming rate? Habitat destruction ranks as the leading cause - especially logging, mining, and building dams and highways where rainforests once existed. As the ecosystem shrinks, more and more species lose the resources that they need to survive.
Introduced species also wipe out many native species. Nearly 20% of known endangered animals, birds and fish are threatened by introduced species. When humans bring an alien species into an ecosystem, that species may take over places that other species had occupied. They also might change the ecosystem enough to indirectly force out native species or bring with them diseases to which he natives have no immunity. Especially on islands, where species have evolved in isolation and have not dealt with adapting to newcomers, the original inhabitants may be unable to adapt and survive.
Imagine that you're walking in the woods,and suddenly the path splits into two different roads. One is covered with grass because many people have taken.
UNICORN READING LESSON2 REBUILDING THE COLOSSEUM 和訳お願いします。 Cross-cultural communication is more important today than ever before. Air travel has become cheaper and faster,so people are traveling more frequently from country to country. And people all over the world are exchanging information in a much shorter time. We cannot think of our life independent of other people. Indeed,we will be able to live a much happier life if we can understand other cultures and languages.
>>467続き The Colosseum is like Rome itself.After all these centuries,it never runs out of surprises.The latest surprise turned up in one of its corridors only a few weeks ago:a rather detailed drawing scratched into the wall.The subject is a gladiator ready to fight. Experts say the drawing was probably made by a fight fan passing the time between bouts, 1600 or more years ago. As trivial as the discovery may sound,it's a real treasure to Roselle Rea.She's the head archaeologist for an eight-year,$18 million restoration project currently in progress at the Colosseum. When the project is finished, visitors will be able to explore parts of the Colosseum that have been out of public view for centuries.
>>468s ありがとうございます。 >>469続き Before the project began,it was clear that the Colosseum was falling apart.The whole outer wall ― what's left of it ― was at risk, according to the project's chief architect,G.Martines. The workers had to repair a widening crack in the north face. In fact,the entire foundation itself was in danger and needed to be supported. Big changes are continuing inside as well.Until the project began, only 15 percent of the Colosseum was open to the pubilc.Now visitors can tour some 35 percet. Two years from now,when the scheduled renovations are copleted,85 percent will be accessible.The topmost level will be open again,too,giving tourists a panoramic view of the city for the first time in almost 1500 years.
For visitors to the Colosseum,some improvements need to be made as well.You often have to stand in line for two hours or more,without any shade,just waiting to get in.For people too old or unable to climb the steep stairs,an elevator has been put in ― but it's nearly impossible to find! The food and drinks are very expensive,and the restrooms are inadequate.
Far bigger problems may be on the way.The Colosseum remains first on Rome's list of endangered monuments. It was built over an underground stream whose water has created problems ever since. Some forms of wear and tear can only get worse.Last year about 2.5 million people toured the Colosseum,and the renovations are sure to attract even more visitors.Every footstep wears away a little more of its marble floors and stairs.But that's one problem that Martines is no worried about."Keeping an old monument closed to visitors is like locking a vintage car in a museum," he says."the car may be nice to look at,but if you try to start its engine,it won't work. Tourists are good for the Colosseum.They make us keep it in working order."Just please don't draw pictures on the walls.
長文ですがよろしくお願いしますm(_)m @The first time I heard the word “Torishima” I was on a ship in the Antarctic. Peter, a painter and bird specialist, was giving a lively talk on albatross, his favorite seabird. “The open ocean is to birds what apace is to people. For birds, it is surely the most difficult environment. Yet is it possible to see birds even thousands of kilometers from land. They are not ordinary birds; they are seabirds. Out of all the world’s seabirds, there is one unique group that fills me with awe the gentle giants, the albatross. Their world is not one of hills or forests, but is an ever-changing sea of blue, green and white.” Peter told that had seen every species of albatross in the world except one, the short-tailed albatross. a nearly extinct bird with a tragic history. It breeds on only one small, remote Japanese island with an active volcano. He had been to get there for ten tears; at one point, he managed to sail within 320 Kilometers pf Torishima, but weather and circumstances prevented him from landing. He pronounced the island’s name slowly with deep longing and eyes closed, “To-ri-shima.”
AThe short-tailed albatross once covered the skies from Japan to California. It was the most common albatross in the North Pacific. In just a hundred years, Feather hunters killed almost every single one them. In one seventeen-year period, Five million were killed to stuff mattresses and quilts. The entire world’s population of short-tailed albatross dropped about ten birds. Those that survived did so only because they found hiding places of Torishima, Which is a very difficult place for humans to visit. In 1962, the Japanese government declared those rare short-tailed albatross a national monument. Now, about four hundred of them remain. Although the species has increased dramatically, it may indeed become extinct in our lifetime. What could be more important than to observe these seabirds, To celebrate their beauty and uniqueness ? Peter and I began planning our trip to Torishima. Our best hope, we agreed, was to join forces with Hasegawa Hiroshi, who has devoted his life to saving Short-tailed albatross. He had single-handedly brought their difficult situation to the attention of his government. After ten monthtogether, we s of planning flew to Tokyo to meet Hiroshi, who by then fad become our friend.
BThe day after we arrived in Tokyo, Hiroshi, Peter and I flew to Hachijojima, Which has last airport in the Izu islands. Travelers heading for more remote places have to go by from there. Hachijojima is a crossroads between the familiar and the unknown world. Doing some shopping for the trip in the afternoon, Peter said in an excited voice, “Our first trip to Torishima!” Hiroshi answered “I’ve there thirty-seven times and I am still as excited as you are.” A violent thunderstorm began during the night. Next morning we heard that bad weather could last for several days. I felt as of we were travelers taking a long and difficult journey to a holy place. To our surprise, it cleared up the next afternoon. We packed quickly and rushed to the dock. As we waved good-bye to well - wishers, the boat pulled slowly away. Hachijojima became smaller and smaller in the distance. Late that night, the captain of the boat came into the cabin, whispering “Torishima, Torishima!” Peter and I went out to the deck. The night sky was filled with stars. I began to see a greater darkness in the night. I said “We are here, actually here at Torishima, after so many months.“
CIn the morning the captain dropped us off. We had to climb a cliff fourteen stories High to get to the camp, then travel across the mountainous island to reach the albatross. The journey to the other side of the island was difficult. As we stood on top of another high cliff, we looked down to see a small flock of birds on an open shelf between us and the sea. It broke my heart to see the last remaining albatross on earth. We could hear their unique calls and whistles. Above them, another flock of albatross sailed across the sky. Peter stood at the edge of the cliff, his eyes moist with emotion. “Let’s go!” Hiroshi said at last. It was a steep, slippery one-hundred-meter cliff. With the help of ropes, we made it down and found ourselves looking at two lively colonies of short-tailed albatross. They were acting in their usual ways ― nesting, romancing, taking care of their eggs. White, with bright yellow heads and pink bills tipped with blue, the adults are beautiful beyond words. All at once, a large albatross sailed in off the ocean and flew in a wide circle over the colonies. The sunlight shone through its yellow feet. ”Kirei,” I said, more an exhalation than word.
DThe next day we went to the colonies again, but as I climbed down the cliff, I fell and was badly hurt. On the third day, the pain got worse and I had a fever, so Peter and I decided to leave the island soon. Hiroshi remained at his post with the albatross, where he belongs. As we left the island by boat, the huge cliffs and nesting spots of the albatross came into view. “That’s the world’s entire population of nesting short-tailed albatross,” Peter said sadly. A moment later, he smiled broadly. We both did, feeling the same unforget-table thrill at having seen them. “Look, there’s Hiroshi!” He pointed to a lone figure sitting on a rock below a snowstorm of soaring birds. We waved to him, and Hiroshi lifted his hat and waved back. As our boat turned north, the sun began to set. Short-tailed albatross glided across the tops of the waves. One passed near the front of the boat. Picking up speed, it disappeared behind a big wave, then rose fast, straight up into the sky. It returned, flying this way and that way at high speed. For some time, we stood in the glow of the setting sun and watched the albatross fly over the waves. At last, it flew out toward the horizon, and disappeared over the ocean.
自分でやってみたものの自信が無いのでよろしくお願いします。 I am Ramses U. You pronounce that "Ramses the Second." Just call me Ramses the Great. I like that. I was born more than 3000 years ago in Egypt. I was king of Egypt and I was very powerful. I built temples on the Nile River In front of the main temple, there are four big statues of me. I like statues of myself. In the twentieth century,some people built a dam on the Nile River. The water got higher and higher.I was afraid my temples would disappear under the water. Later in this book, you'll learn what happend.
-- "Human ingenuity and cooperation saved my temples." "What kind of human history will I see in the future?"
和訳お願いしますm(_ _)m Sawadee! I`m Ji from Thailand. The name of our country means“the Land of Freedom.“ We`re proudof our country because other countries never ruled us. People also call our country“the Land of smiles.“ Parents and teachers say to us,“Don`t be angry. Give everyone a smile!“ We have school uniforms. We can`t wear jewelry or have long hair. School starts at 7:30 because we want to study before it gets very hot. We learn not only languages and math but also dancing,boxing,or fruit carving. We leave school around three. When we get home,some of us watch Japanese animations on TV!
One of the peculiar phenomena of our time is the renegade Liberal. Over and above the familiar Marxist claim that 'bourgeois liberty' is an illusion, there is now a widespread tendency to argue that one can only defend democracy by totalitarian methods. If one loves democracy, the argument runs, one must crush its enemies by no matter what means. And who are its enemies? It always appears that they are not only those who attack it openly and consciously, but those who 'objectively' endanger it by spreading mistaken doctrines. In other words, defending democracy involves destroying all independence of thought. This argument was used, for instance, to justify the Russian purges. The most ardent Russophile hardly believed that all of the victims were guilty of all the things they were accused of: but by holding heretical opinions they 'objectively' harmed the regime, and therefore it was quite right not only to massacre them but to discredit them by false accusations. The same argument was used to justify the quite conscious lying that went on in the leftwing press about the Trotskyists and other Republican minorities in the Spanish civil war. And it was used again as a reason for yelping against habeas corpus when Mosley was released in 1943.
Since she arrived in Cambodia,Yuka has been working with the Cambodian staff to makeoriginal picture books for children. they have published more than 3000 copies of each,but that is still not enough.In addition to making books,Yuka and other staff members told Cambodian folk tales to children.Oneday while Yuka was reading stories with gestures and songs,the children got excited,and their eyes glittered.After she finished reading, some children asked her to teach them the letters of their language. They wanted to read books by themselves. Now some of those children have returned to school.The joy of knowing and learning things has greatly changed them.At first,adults didn't show any interest,but they too have gradually changed themselves under the influence of their children. The changes in their children have reminded Cambodian people of their pride in their own culture which they had lost during the civil war.
@Although the people of United States account for only 5% of world`s population,they use about 25% of the world`s energy and generate approximately two kilograms of garbage per person every day. Only a country of great abundance and wealth can afford such waste. When the first European settlers arrived in the 15th Century,much of North America was rich,fertile land with an abundance of trees and animals. Never in the history of the world had such a large area of land with vast undeveloped natural resources been discovered. The exploitation of these resources made the United States the wealthiest country in the world. It also allowed many immigrants and their descendants to build great personal fortunes. Poor people in Europe did not concern themselves with wealth, because they had little hope of improving their status in life. But the Amelican ideal of equal opportunity and hard work was often rewarded with material success.
続きです、 AThe country`s natural resouces may have seemed infinite to early settlers,but now Americans are learning they are not. Oil wells,for example,eventually run dry. The pouring of untreated waste into lakes by factories kills the fish. Once having abig, gas-guzzling automobile seemed almost an Amelican birthright. After the Akab oil embargo of 1974,Americans realized how vulnerable they were to world conditions and began buying more fuel-efficient cars. For much of history Americans have misused their natural resources,but conservation.The first Earth Day,held in April,1970, focused attention on what people could do to protect the environment. Today many people recycle glass,aluminum,old newspaper,and most types of plastics.Government regulation have made automobile more fuel-efficient and less polluting,and industrial development is much more strictly regulated. Because of these efforots,the air and water quality in many parts of country is better than it was 25 years ago.
Ther are several place in the world that are famous for people who live avery long time. These places are usually in mountain areas,far away from modern cities. Doctors,scientistd,and public health experts often travel to these regions to solve the mystery of a long,healthy;the experts hope to bring to the modern world the secrets of longevity.
MAINSTREAM Reading CourseのP35です。 After class we walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate milkshake. We became instant friends. Everyday for the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always fascinated to listen to this "time machine"as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of the year,Nancy became a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and loved the attention the other students gave her. She was enjoying her college time. よろしくお願いします
Our sense of smell, more than our other four senses, can change our mood and help us remember things. If you are told to think about popcorn, you'll probabry remember its smell. And then you may also remember the movie you saw while eating it. If smell is so powerful, say store owners, then maybe it can also help sell. Therefore, businesses have begun spending thousands of dollars to scent entire stores. Fake scents are being used to lead customers by the nose. These scents help get people inside and put them in the mood to buy. They even make customers remember the store later, so they'll come back. Some business people predict that, in 10 years, store scents will be as common as the soft music that stores often play to put shoppers in a good mood. 少しずつでもいいんでよろしくお願いします。
Our sense of smell, more than our other four senses, can change our mood and help us remember things. If you are told to think about popcorn, you'll probably remember its smell. これもお願いします^^;
@ During my last three years at high school I studied English, French and German literature and intended to continue studying German at university.Towards the end of this time ,as a result of learning judo, I became interested in Japan. One day, I went into the reading-room of the school library and,quite by chance, saw a book of Hokusai's pictures on a shelf. I took the book down and began to browse through it.I know nothing whatsoever about art, but I found these pictures absolutely delightful and I decided that I would like to study the culture of the country which had produced such an artist.To cut a long story short,I applied to study Japanese language and literature at London University and was accepted.
This was in 1958.In those days I was considered to be very eccentric.I was told how difficult Japanese was and, what is more, I was informed that,even if I succeeded in graduating from university, I would have very great difficulty in finding a job. I was obstinate,however, and persisted,because I was,and still am, very interested in many aspects of Japan's culture and traditions.
A The few of us who were studying Japanese in Britain in those days were doing so because of an attraction which we felt for Japan.There were,as I say,very few of us and we were generally considered to be rather strange. Japan's economic miracle was still in the future and nobody could foreses that one day a knowledge of Japanese would lead to a very well-paid job.
Nowadays things are very different. The competition to get into Departments of Japanese in British universities is very stiff indeed.There are those, of course, who study Japanese for the same reason as we did in my day,namely because they are interested in this country. The majority of students,however,enter the field because of the possibility of a highly-paid career.
There is irony in this situation.Thirty years ago,when only a handful of people were studying Japanese at university,the Japanese were at great pains to stress that Japan was not only a country of cherry blossom and Mt.fuji,but was also a rapidly developing technological society. She was anxious that this should be recognized throughout the world.The irony is that this has come to pass, but that Japan is now desperately trying to get the world to understand that she is not merely an economic superpower,but the possessor of a rich cultural heritage.
Chocolate is made from the bean of a tree,Theobroma cacao,native to the tropical areas of Central and South America. Hundreds of years before it arrived in Europe the Mayas and Aztecs were enjoying it as a drink,offering it to their gods,and using it as money. The Aztec emperors kept vast storehouses of cocoa beans,which they used as treasuries. When Columbus returned from the New World in 1502,bringing cocoa beans for the King of Spain,no one showed much interest in them. Twenty years later,after conquering Mexico,Cortez also brought cocoa to Spain. He had first tasted it at the Mexican court of Montezuma in a cold,bitter drink called xocolatl("bitter water"). This was made with hot red peppers and other native flavorings.
Party receives donations from businesses , and in exchange tries to create an environment where capitalism can operate freely , and where company managers aim to make as much money as possible for their shareholders .
この文のexchange triesをどう訳したらいいかわかりません。 どなたか教えてください。
ちなみに Life and Society in Modern Britain 【現代イギリスの暮らしと文化】 という教科書です。 自分には難しすぎる・・・
A simple view would be that there are three classes : upper , middle and working .
In fact , though , many people would make more distinctions , perhaps as follows : upper , upper-middle (senior bankers , top businessmen , top lawyers) , middle , lower-middle (small shopkeepers) , skilled working (electricians) , unskilled working (cleaners) and an underclass .
Advertising companies classify people in this sort of way when designing advertisements , making different types of advertisements according to the target class .
Generally , the lowyer-middle class is thought to be the most conservative and worried about status .
English people are able to classify each other instantly on hearing people speak .
How English people speak shows not only where they come from , but also their education and their class .
People who went to private school speak differently from those who did not .
About 7% of people receive a private education ; these people , who dominate the country , speak RP , or the Queen's English , while most people do not .
This is one reason English people do not much enjoy talking to strangers : if one has the‘wrong’accent , one may arouse hostility , ridicule or arrogance .
As Bernard Shaw , an Irish writer , put it “It is imposible for an Englishman to open his mouth without making another Englishman despise him”.
>>534の続きです In Mexico,the Spanish conquerors adopted the Aztecs' practice of using the cocoa beans for wages,but(並べ替え問題 longer,it,to,get accustomed,took,for,them) to the bitter drink. As the to cultures mixed,the drink was sweetened with sugar,flavored with Old World spices such as cinnamon,and served hot. In this new from,cocoa was successfully introduced into Spain. It was a drink for the elite,who took to it for its medicinal effects as well as for its taste. Then,the new drink's popularity gradually spread. Mission priests who had been to South America brought it back to Italy and southwest France. It became a part of court life through the marriage of royal families. When chocolate appeared in England in the middle of the seventeenth century,chocolate houses became important meeting places for the rich. Samuel Pepys wrote in his diary of enjoying hot cocoa,and various writers mentioned the chocolate houses in their works. The drink was an expensive luxury,and was so heavily taxed by the government that cocoa beans were often brought into the country unlawfully. When the chocolate tax was lowered in 1853,prices fell and even the less rich could now enjoy chocolate.
Working class people are shorter and less healthy and die younger .
Working class people often do not see the value of education , and tend to leave school earkier .
The clothes people wear , haircuts , leisure activities , food and drink , greeting , music , televiision : all have class distinctions .
Wine is middle class , beer working class ; the BBC is middle class, ITV working class ; Bach is upper-middle class , Tchaikovsky lowyer-middle ; cricket is middle class , football working class , while horse racing is upper and working , but not middle class .
In the armed forces , the officers are middle or upper class , while the enlisted men are working class , though it is interesting that the newest armed force ,the air force , is the least class conscious .
The most difficult area of class division is in the workplace .
Managers and Workers will often find that they have little in common , having been to different schools , speaking with different accents , liking different sports , drinks and food and having different leisure activities .
Often they wear different clothes , park their cars in different car parks and eat in different cafeterias .
There is often great mistrust between the two groups .
Workers , knowing the exploitation that took place in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (terrible mining accidents , for example) , think managers simply want to exploit them .
Managers , aware of the excesses of union power in the 1960s and 1970s , think workers are lazy and disloyal and will only work if forced to do so .
This can greatly weaken companies . I feel one reason Nissan's factory near Newcastle is so successful is that British workers do not resent Japanese managers as the class enemy .
>>548 メキシコでスペイン人の征服者たちは、カカオ豆を賃金として 用いるアステカ人の習慣を採用したが、その苦い飲み物に彼ら が慣れるには、より長い時間がかかった。 文化が融合するにつれ、その飲料は砂糖で甘くされ、シナモン のような旧世界の香料で風味づけられ、暖めて出されるように なった。 この新しい形で、ココアはスペインに、うまく取り入れられた。 それはエリートのための飲料で、彼らはそれを味わうためだけ でなく、医学的な効果のためにも飲んだ。 それから、その新しい飲料の人気は徐々に広まっていった。 それは王族の結婚を通して、宮廷生活の一部になった。 チョコレートが17世紀半ばにイングランドに現れたとき、 チョコレート・ハウスは金持ちの重要な会合場所になった。 サミュエル・ペピーズは暖かいココアの楽しみを日記に 書いており、色々な作家がその作品の中でチョコレート・ ハウスについて触れている。 その飲料は値段の高い贅沢品で、政府に重い税をかけられた ので、カカオ豆はしばしば違法に国内に持ち込まれた。 1853年にチョコレート税が引き下げられたとき、値段が 下落し、金持ちでないものさえが、チョコレートを楽しむ ことができるようになった。 it took longer for them to get accustomed
We heard of an interesting study many years ago in the Chicago system that sheds light on the power of expectations. The researchers conducting the experiment asked a few teachers for their assistance. The teachers were told that they were picked because of their teaching abilities, and that talented children were to be placed in their classes. The experiment was designed, the researchers explained, to find out how talented children nor the parents would be told of the experiment.
The result was that the scholastic performance of the children, as the teachers expected, was brilliant. The teachers told the researchers that working with the children had been a delight, and expressed the wish that they could work with talented children all the time. The researchers then informed the teachers that the children were not necessarily talented, since they were chosen at random from all the students in the Chicago school system! Before the teachers could get swelled heads about their own talent, the researchers informed them that they, too, were chosen at random.
The researchers called this remarkable performance outcome the "Pygmalion Effect" in the classroom. The teachers' high expectations for the students, though never officially expressed, helped the students to believe in themselves and act accordingly. Other studies have similarly revealed that to some degree, people rise or fall to the level of others' expectations.
Perhaps you have experienced the difficulty in overcoming someone's negative opinion of you, when in spite of your best efforts, anything you said or did was twisted into something else. Parents use Pygmalion Power whenever they tell their children, " if i've told you once, I've told you a thousand times! You're messy / a liar / stupid / you don't care about anyone but yourself!" This mechanism can be used, instead, to bring out the best even in people at their worst. Wise parents will find it far more valuable to tell their children, "That's not like you! You care about your appearance / you know how to keep your room tidy / you're a loving and thoughtful person."
There remains a tendency for working class people to want to stay working class .
Ambitious young peoplemay be seen as getting too big for their boots , or thinking that their parents are in some way inferior , and this reduces social mobility .
The middle class often see working people as uneducated , narrow-minded and lacking in culture .
Working people see the middle class as snobbish , arrogant and selfish : making sure the government gives money for opera , but none for football , for example .
The upper class are so selfconfident that they seem rarely to think of the other classes at all .
On the other hand , more people stay at school until 18 , and more are going to university .
This will help to weaken class distinctions .
Women have always been able to change class through marriage (and lose status through divorce) .
Their success in education and growing prominence in the workplace , coupled with their greater flexibility , will increase social mobility .
In politics , no leader of the Conservative Party from 1964 to 2001 came from the upper or upper-middle class , while Tony Blair , Labour Prime Minister , was educated at Oxford .
Traditional working class industries are disappearing and new technological ones are appearing and are open to all .
The influence of foreign travel has opened most people's minds to new foods and drinks .
And everybody shops at the chain stores : famously , every woman in Britain buys her underwear at Marks & Spencer .
There is considerable social mobility in England , and the class system is not a fixed caste system .
There are certainly class distinctions in Scotland , with industrial Glasgow being very working class , and parts of cultural Edinburgh , like Morningside , famously middle class ; but there is also considerable social solidarity , a feeling of fellow Scottishness in the face of the dominant English .
The Powerful Influence of Weather Weather has a powerful effect on people. It influences health, intelligence, and feelings. In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. Southerners have heart attacks and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states tend to have heart attacks after the weather changes in February or March. The weather can also affect intelligence. For example, in 1983 study by scientists, the IQ [intelligence quotient] scores of a group of undergraduate college students were very high during a hurricane, but after the storm, their scores were 10% below averages. Hurricanes can increase intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can lower it. Students in many of the United States often do badly on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August) Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feelings. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel depressed during cold weather. In hot summer weather, on the other hand, overweight people may feel unhappy. The summer heat may make them tired and irritable. Low air pressure relaxes people. It increases sexual feelings. It also increases forgetfulness. People leave more packages and umbrellas on buses and in stores on low-pressure days. There is a “perfect weather” for work and health. People feel best at a temperature of about 64°F with percent humidity (moisture in the air) Are you feeling sick, sad, tired, forgetful or very intelligent today? The weather may be the cause.
The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as members of another does not mean that their emotions are stronger or weaker than those of another culture.
よろしくお願いします。 Australia the worlds continent with one of the most urbanized populations on earth.
This land of only 18 million people is a world of its own , a place where unspoilt wilderness , ancient cultures and contemporary cities exist side by side , across a landscape of dramatic contrasts.
The rugged south West of Tasmania. Dazzling sydney. The spectacular Great Barrier Reef. The lushness of Daintree. Primeval Uluru. The sand and silence of the Simpson. And the grandeur of Kakadu. These and other fascinating places offer an astonishing variety of exciting and pleasurable experiences.
In the past, many people believed that infants developed attachments or bonds with only those who tooke care of the infant's physical needs, for example, the need to be fed. This led to a number of debates such as whether mothers should go out to work. As a result of these debates, psychologists began to study the development of the relationship in great detail, and found that things weren't nearly so simple. For one thing, many babies develop special attachments to more than one person, and sometimes they will develop a special relationship with someone that they see only for a relatively short period each day. A pioneering study by Shaffer and Emerson, conducted in 1964, found that many of the infants they were studying had special attachments with their fathers who were out at work all day, as well as with their mothers who were at home. Some others babies, however, didn't form attachments with their fathers. Furthermore, some formed attachments with the fathers, but not with their mothers, even though it was the mother who was with them most of the time.
What made the difference? The above study found that it was the quality of social interaction between parent and child which affected the infant's response. Babies become especially fond of parents (and others) who are sensitive to the signals they are giving out - smiling and other facial expressions, movements and so on - and who are prepared to interact with them in their playing. They don't develop attachments to people who care for them physically - unless they also talk and play with them.
Even though parents become attached to their infants very quickly, it takes longer for the infant to develop its own attachment. Although infants often prefer to be with one person, in the first few months they are rarely upset if that special person is not present. Psychologists found that the full attachment would appear at about seven months.
This attachment forms the basis of the loving relationship between parent and child, which persists throughout life (if it is not purposefully damaged ). And that attachment, in its turn, has been based on the quality of the interactions between the parent and the baby. A natural ability to interact with people and to form relationships with the people who respond to you sensitively is common among human infants all over the world. It is, quite literally, part of our heritage as human beings.
The artist sat on the deck with his new painting wapped in plastic beside him. The morning was clam and clear for the crossing, the water a pure milky blue. "You're the bloke with the little girl,"a man further along the deck began abruptly, "aren't you?"The artist had seen the man on the island. He was lean, young, with arusset moustache-an electrician in green overalls. Talking loudly, he came forward. "Heard this desperate barking in the middle of the night and went outside and found a bloody great diamond python four metres long with a pup's hindquarters in its mouth and the front endstill yapping away..." Hespoke with excitement. The artist smoked quietly, returning the man's gaze. "And just picked up a stick and belted the bloody thing until the dog was vomited up." The man snorted. "Never heard anything like it. Gutsy little kid."
The sttranger was telling Lanlan's story, as so many other people on the island had done. They crossed the street to tell it to the artist's face or to his wife, changing some of the detaing...It just went on and on. The artistgestured at the stretched canvas beside him. He wanted to show the man something. Through the cludy covering of plastic he pointed out the girl and the stick and the diamond python and the dog, drawing acircle in the air to indicate the composition he had made of it. The man scratched hisclan. The larger circle-of light from the house and the nocturnal bush and the ring of moonlight in the sky-represented the island. The artist was relling Lanlan's story too, making a visual history of something that had happend in this place and made him and his family part of it. Lanlan's storry was part of the island's take now, of its legends, forever. The root ball had come to life again in that connected cirvle ofgirl, stick, snake and dog that the artist had painted with his utmost skill. "Diamond Dog",the Chinese man said. The other man laughed in recognition.
前半 The artist sat on the deck with his new painting wrapped in plastic beside him. The morning was clam and clear for the crossing, the water a pure milky blue. "You're the bloke with the little girl, "a man further along the deck began abruptly, "aren't you?" The artist had seen the man on the island. He was lean, young, with a russet moustache-an electrician in green overalls. Talking loudly, he came forward. "Heard this desperate barking in the middle of the night and went outside and found a bloody great diamond python four metres long with a pup's hindquarters in its mouth and the front end still yapping away..." He spoke with excitement. The artist smoked quietly, returning the man's gaze. "And just picked up a stick and belted the bloody thing until the dog was vomited up." The man snorted. "Never heard anything like it. Gutsy little kid." The stranger was telling Lanlan's story, as so many other people on the island had done. They crossed the street to tell it to the artist's face or to his wife, changing some of the details...It just went on and on.
後半 The artist gestured at the stretched canvas beside him. He wanted to show the man something. Through the cloudy covering of plastic he pointed out the girl and the stick and the diamond python and the dog, drawing a circle in the air to indicate the composition he had made of it. The man scratched his chin. The larger circle-of light from the house and the nocturnal bush and the ring of moonlight in the sky-represented the island. The artist was telling Lanlan's story too, making a visual history of something that had happened in this place and made him and his family part of it. Lanlan's story was part of the island's take now, of its legends, forever. The root ball had come to life again in that connected circle of girl, stick, snake and dog that the artist had painted with his utmost skill. "Diamond Dog", the Chinese man said. The other man laughed in recognition.
The Ikki-Nomi Boushi Kyougikai has launched its annual campaign to stamp out "alcholl harassment", for example, to make somebody drink against their will, to force a person to down large drink at one go, or to insult people who can't or don't want to drink.
The sun was just coming up. I was in my sleeping bag, still half-asleep.suddenly I heard an animal approaching. I slowly lefted my head and looked over my feet. A female lion was coming, her head swiming from side to side. I wanted to wake my wife Delia but I was afraid to move, because we were now on the open Fields of the Kalahari.
the lion walked past us and lay down next to a big male lion. Deliawas wide awake now,andwhispered to me, ゛Mark look at the scar on his leg. Isn't he the lion we named Bones?〃 Yes, it was Bones.I had performed surgery on his broken leg a few years before.I stood up and saw lions sleeping around us, nine in all. We were in bed with a group of wild lions! This Happened during our fifth year on the Kalahari.
Today about six billion people live on the earth and they use about 7,000 different languages. Some language have many speakers. Chinese is one such language. About 900 million people speak a variety of Chinese. Other languages have many speakers. Chinese is one such language. About 900 million people speak a variety of Chinese. Other languages have very few speakers. Eyak, a language in North America, has only one speaker. The value of a language is not the number of speakers. ALL languages are important. Each language is the heart of its speakers.
Even ina single country people use many languages. Take the case of India. As you know, India is famous for its curry changs every 25 kilometers. This is also true of language in India. If you travel 50 kilometers, you will hear a total. Among them eighteen languages are official languages. So you can hear at least eighteen different languages on TV or radip.
What about Japan? Some people say, "We speak only one language in Japan." But this is not so. In Hokkaido, some people speak Ainu. Now about 1.6 million foreigners live in Japan. They come from 50 different countries. Foreign languages are in our daily life too. For example, in the Osaka area, people can hear 14 different languages on a radio station. In big cities like Tokyo, we see some public signs in language. Thus we can call some towns in Japan 'multilingual'communities.
どなたか宜しくお願い致します。 【EVER WONDER WHY? 2ページ目】 題:when a lady spurns aa gentleman,she is said to be "giving him the cold shoulder"?
Despite current usage,the phrase does not habe a romantic origin. In fact,the shoulder in "cold shoulder"is actually a shoulder of mutton! In the early nineteenth century,when the phrase was first recorded by Sir Walter Scott,it was customary for a hostess to serbe hot meat to visitors who were welcome and cold meat to those who had overstayed their welcome. Since the cold meat given to the unwanted guest was usually a shoulder of mutton, the hostess was said to be"giving him the cold shoulder" ─of mutton,that is.
>>607 多少綴とか変だから、なおしてみた。 The sun was just coming up. I was in my sleeping bag, still half-asleep. Suddenly I heard an animal approaching. I slowly lifted my head and looked over my feet. A female lion was coming, her head swimming from side to side. 太陽が、ちょうどのぼり始めた。わたしは寝袋で寝ていて、まだ寝ぼけていた。 突然、動物が近付いてくるのがきこえた。わたしはゆっくりと頭をあげて、わたしの足 の先をみた。雌ライオンが近付いてくる。その頭が岸から岸に泳いでくる。 I wanted to wake my wife Delia but I was afraid to move, because we were now on the open Fields of the Kalahari. わたしは妻のデリアを起こしたかったけれど、わたしは動くのが恐かった、という のも、わたしたちはカラハリ砂漠の開けた土地にいたのだから。 The lion walked past us and lay down next to a big male lion. Delia was wide awake now,and whispered to me, "Mark look at the scar on his leg. Isn't he the lion we named Bones?" そのライオンはわたしたちのところを通りすぎ、そして大きな雄ライオンの隣にねそ べった。デリアは、すっかり目がさめて、わたしにささやいた。 「マーク、あのライオンの足の傷をみて。あれってホネって名前にしたライオンじゃない?」 Yes, it was Bones.I had performed surgery on his broken leg a few years before.I stood up and saw lions sleeping around us, nine in all. そうだった。それはホネだった。わたしは彼の骨折した脚を何年か前に手術した ことがあった。わたしは立上り、そしてライオンがわたしたちのまわりで九頭みんな寝て いるのをみた。わたしたちは、野性のライオンの寝床にいたのだ。これは、 わたしのカラハリでの5年目のできごとだった。 We were in bed with a group of wild lions! This Happened during our fifth year on the Kalahari.
Imaging Tommorrow Lesson1-The March of the Microbes
Evolution is based on the gradual process of species differentiation. It occurs through small changes called mutations. Sometimes these changes provide an organism with survival benefits. Evolution occurs fastest on the level of microbes―tiny bacteria, germs, and viruses that play a vital role in health and disease. Microbes have always been evolving but in modern times the drugs we use may be affecting their evolution. Microbes are now evolving in ways that enable them to survive the effects of our drugs.
One of the greatest problems in modern medicine is drug resistance. Many of the “wonder drugs” which stopped such terrible epidemic diseases as tuberculosis (TB), malaria, polio, and plague are becoming ineffective. Accordingly, these diseases―many of which we had thought be practically eliminated―are returning as major health constantly increasing threat to health care. Why are these problems occurring? Much of the answer lies in the ability of microbes to rapidly mutate into resistant forms. And influencing this evolution process is our use―and often overuse―of common drugs. The rapid advance of modern medicine was largely initiated by the discovery of antibiotic drugs. Their initial success led many people, including doctors, to over-rely on them. Today in Japan patients often demand antibiotics for treating common health problems. Many people think that doctors are not capable if they do not prescribe these drugs. Yet antibiotics are ineffective for curing common virus-based illnesses such as the common cold. Our overuse of antibiotics overloads our bodies with drugs. In turn, this gives microbes a stimulus to evolve into resistant forms.
Another major source of drugs in our lives is our food. Much of our beef ,chicken, pork―and now even fish taken from “fish farms” ―contains significant amounts of antibiotics. It may also contain growth hormones and genetically modified substances fed to the animals to prevent diseases or to promote growth. What can we do to prevent such health problems? For one thing, we can use fewer medical drugs. Generally, strong drugs should be used only in severe illnesses; not as daily health supplements. And we can change our eating habits. Eating more organic foods and less meat can help us avoid such chemicals. We can also eat foods known as “probiotics”, which are natural foods such as yogurt that provide our bodies with healthy bacteria to help us fight off dangerous bacteria naturally, without drugs. Using drugs will continue to be part of the process of fighting disease. But learning to use fewer drugs and eating wisely can help us to more actively promote our health.
A woman was at an airport in Canada, in a hurry to catch her plane. When she went through the metal detector, it made a noise. Bzzz! Airport officials carefully checked her. There were no coins in her pockets and no metal in her shoes. They told her to walk through again. Bzzz! The officials searched her once again. There was nothing! Finally, they let her pass and board the plane. Several days later, the woman had a stomachache. She went to her doctor and got an X-ray. There was a 30-centimeter-long metal instrument in her stomach from an old operation. She was surprised and angry. So that was why she had a stomachache- and all the trouble at the airport! Everyone makes mistakes,'' a hospital official explained. ''No one is perfect.''
いきなり英語詰まってます。ポールスターの初っ端からわかりませんw。 6ページからです。I am not a key.からのヤツです。
I am not a key. sometimes I tell my student this. I even wave my keys arounddramatically so that will remember it. some do,but still write my name as Key,not Kay. Bcause of this,I sometimes think that spelling is not important in Japan.
I admit that English spelling is difficult. I also admit that sometimes I enjoy my students'mistakes in spelling. I laugh when someone writes “in my dairy life" instead of “ daily life". Does the writer get up early and ilk the cows? Another favorite is“ Please give her a message," rather than “Please give her a message."
英語のスペリングが難しいのは認める。 たまに生徒の間違った綴りを楽しんでいることも認めよう。 私は誰かが「daily life(日常生活)」と書くべきところに、「in my dairy life(酪農生活)」と書いたのにはウケた。 これを書いた人は早起きして、牛のミルクを搾るのだろうか? もう1つのお気に入りは、「Please give her a message.(彼女にメッセージを伝えてください)」と書くべきところに、 「Please give her a massage.(彼女にマッサージをしてあげてください)」というやつだ。
1 Why did airport officials search the woman? 2 Why did she go to her doctor? 3 How did she feel atter the X-ray? 4 Do you like airports? Why or why not? 5 Have you ever had trouble at an airport? What happened? 6 What do you do when you get a stomachache? 7 Have you ever had an operation? How did you feel?
Well,the easy answer to this question is yes. Lots of people see better than I do, for example. I wear glasses for reading. But if you mean ''Are some people more worthy of valuable than others?'' the answer is more difficult. I'd say ''No,'' but some other people might say ''Yes,''
sometimes mistakes in business and advertising are very dramatic. You will see a big sign on a hotel like “Liver Hotel"instead of “River Hotel." Is this a hotel for treating alcoholics? That is funny,but it is a basic mistake. To make a slogan or a big sign in English costs lot of money. Even so,some companies do not make sure that the English is correct. How can this happen?
Throughout human history, people have thought others were worse --uglier, of more stupid or more cunning --than they were. Sometimes, they were suspicious of anyone who didn't live in their village, or came from another country, or anyone who had a different religion or a different skin color. As you go through life, you'll meet many people who'd like to believe that this or that type of person is stupid or criminal or dirty. It makes them fell better about themselves.
Today it just happened to come through my mind... the day you called my name for the first time... And the day you put your arms around me to feel the warmth of life that had just started in this atmosphere. Was I selected... Thank you... I will live through wherever my heart is at, and won't stand in your way. That is the kind of style I lead my life... full of Commitment, yet no expectation at all. I'd rather believe in chances, that's easier... 長くて御免なさい^^;
Each and every one of us is creative. Yet we impose a great limitation on ourselves with the belief that only certain people are creative. We call these people 'gifted' or 'talented' because of their abilities to paint, write, compose music, play an instrument, or excel in some other artistic pursuit. Unfortunately, when we take this point of view we then believe that we are noncreative if we lack the ability or inclination of the painter, sculptor, or poet. We may compare ourselves with professional artists and decide we do not measure up to the standards of art galleries, publishing houses, musical bands, or orchestras. We tend to dismiss the 'artistic' touch' as a wonderful capability we had as children but can never re-experience fully because we didn't continue those flute or painting lessons or because we didn't graduate with a degree in finte arts.
A few special individuals, we are told, are inspired by the Muse. The rest of us are fated to be nothing but consumers of art. We will decorate our houses with other people's paintings, play other people's songs on our stereos, and read other people's published journals, poems and stories. As a professor tells a discouraged college student in some comic magazine: "The sooner you face up to the fact that you are lazy, untalented losers, the better off you'll be."
Do you remember the finger paintings and crayon drawings you made as a child? And do you remember the quiet, satisfying fun you had when you made them? Nearly all of us can recall being artists as children, with fresh vision, open to the spirit of creativity. In our formative years, before our minds were conditioned by notions of professional and amateur, creative and noncreative, we reveled in the joys of self-expression, played with imaginary friends, drew pictures of trees, clowns, or rainbows, told stories to ourselves, made clay dinosaurs, drummed and shook tambourines, decorated dollhouses, and went on jungle safaris in the backyard. Should we deny ourselves this magic simply because we are no longer boys and girl?
Self-expression is our birthright, a natural way of reconnecting to the beauty and mystery we experienced as children. To reclaim this birthright, we need only put aside our self-consciousness and immerse ourselves in the creative act, not caring whether we produce work of professional quality. "God is really another artist," said Pablo Picasso. "He invented the giraffe, the elephant and the cat. He had no real style. He just goes on trying other things."
* 3CM TOUR will be next ! Ryan and Roy from I've Come For Your Children are currently working on it. i don't know when this great piece will finally be available, but it's on its way and WILL be available for good on the coming...weeks ? months ? i'll keep you posted. two 3" CDs in a silkscreened packaging, 500 copies worldwide (i'll get less than 250) but it is NOT EXPORTABLE to Japan. band's wish.
何度も頼ってスミマセン。 ホールスターのP7お願いできないでしょうか。。。本当にすみません。 At school, I learned that good spelling is important for good writing. Your writing makes a strong first impression. It says something about your reliability. If you want to get a good job,you must not make spelling mistakes on your resume. I imagine that the same thing is ture about Japanese. Writing the wrong kanji probably does not make a good impression. As a result,it may be hard fir you to enter a certain school or company. But if this is ture, why are English words so often misspelled in Japan?
【READ ALOUD】 In fact,these terms describe the same general type of storm: terms describe the same general type of storm: a tropical cyclone that has winds of 65 knots (120km/h) or higher. A hurricane is such a storm that occurs in the Western Hemisphere, a typhoon one that occurs in the Eastern Hemisphere. The International Date Line is where the day is deemed to begin. This imaginary line is just 180°opposite the line that goes through Greenwich,England. The date line divides the Pacific Ocean into an eastern part, which is in the Western Hemisphere, and a western part, that is in the Eastern Hemisphere. If you think that a storm that crosses the date line changes its name, you would be correct. For example, Hurricane Ele became Typhoon Ele on August 30,2002 when it crossed the International Date Line. Another difference is that typhoons are generally stronger than hurricanes. The warmer the water is, the more energy the strom will have. As the storm−producing part of the Pacific is significantly warmer than that of the Atlantic Ocean, typhoons often are much stronger than hurricanes. Another result of this difference is that there are different seasons for each kind of storm: June through November for hurricanes, May through December for typhoons. The storma get different specific names, too but that is purely a difference in conventions.
スペルミスがありました。これで、大丈夫なはず。 At school , I learned that good spelling is important for good writing. Your writing makes a strong first impression. It says something about your reliability. If you want to get a good job , you must not make spelling mistakes on your resume. I imagine that the same thing is true about Japanese. Writing the wrong kanji probably does not make a good impression. As a result,it may be hard fir you to enter a certain school or company. But if this is true , why are English words so often misspelled in Japan?
sachiko(以下sa):How about sleep?Did you float around when you slept?
Pogue(以下po):No,but one member who slept without anchoring himself did float and kept bumping into things. sa:Really?I suppose he did'n sleep much! How did you deal with that problem?
po:We slept in sleeping bags that were tied to the wall.
sa:You slept in sleeping bags tied to the wall? How strange! What about baths? How did you bathe?
po:We had to bathe almost everyday because we got very sweaty. We took a sponge bath. To take a spong bath,we spread water on our bodies with a washcloth. The water stuck on our bodies. Then we lathered ourselves with soap.After that,we once again spread water on our bodies and removed the soap with the washcloth.
ヤバイ、週末(先週)の課題が追い付かない。言い訳ですけど3日連続お願いします。 ホールスターのP8・9お願いします。 Sometimes mistakes in business and advertising are very dramatic. You will see a big sign on a hotel like “Liver Hotel”instead of “River Hotel”. Is this a hotel for recovering alcoholics? That is funny , but it is a basic mistake. To make a slogan or a big sign in English costs a lot of money. Even so,some companies do not make sure that the English correct. How can this happen? Some people think that the English words in Japanese advertising are only decoration. They are written for Japanese people , not native English speakers. If the message is understood, that is enough. Is it good English? Nobody cares. However, I still worry about the influence of this kind of strange English It will probably have a bad influence on Japanese learners of English. They may start to believe that spelling really does not matter. In the English-speaking world, it certainly does matter.
The Changing Family At the beginning of 21 century, many people thought that the American family was falling apart ― in other words, they thought it was dying. A century later, we know that this was not the case. However, although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape are very different from 100 years ago. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in the United States: the extended the nuclear. The extended family usually includes grandparents, parents, and children living under the same roof. The nuclear family consists of only parents and children. As people began to move to other parts of the country to find better jobs, the nuclear family became the most common family structure, or unit.
Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in “traditional” families, that is, a stay-home mother, a working father, and their own biological children. Other live in two-paycheck families (where both parents work outside the home), single-parent families (a mother or father living with the children), adoptive or foster families (where adults take care of children that are not biologically theirs), blended families (where men and women who were married before marry again and combine the children from previous marriages into new families), childless families, and so on. What caused the structure of the family to change?In the early 1900s the birthrate began to decline and the divorce rate began to rise. Women were suddenly choosing to go to college and take jobs outside the home. The 1930s and 1940s were difficult years for most families in the United States. Many families faced serious financial, or money, problems during the Great Depression, when many people lost their jobs. During WWU (1939-1945), 5 million women were left alone to take care of their homes and their children. Because many men were at war, thousands of these “war widows” had to go to work outside the home. Most women worked long hours at hard jobs, especially in factories.
During the next decade, the situation changed. There were fewer divorces, and people married at a younger age and had more children than the previous generation. It was unusual for a mother to work outside the home during the years when her children were growing up. Families began leaving cities and moving into single-family homes in the suburbs. The traditional family seemed to be returning. In the years between 1960 and the 1990s, there were many important changes in the structure of the family. From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the divorce rate doubled and the birthrate fell by half. The number of single-parent families tripled, and the number of couples living together without being married quadrupled. There are many people today who would like the “traditional” family to return. However, less than 10% of families in the 1990s fall into this category. In fact, the single-parent household – once unusual- has replaced the “traditional” family as the typical family in the United States. If we can judge from history, however, this will probably change again in the 21 century.
There are two ways to interpret the proverb “A friend in need is friend indeed”. The positive way is that to imagine that if a person is in trouble, then a true friend is glad to help. Moreover, a person who is not really a friend disappears when trouble arrives. The negative way to think of this proverb is to imagine that a person who needa help omly pretends to be frendly in order to get what he or she wants to get. Once he or she gets the desired assistance, such as a loan of money, he or she goes back to acting as he or she did before. An old English saying is that “Optimists see the glass as half full, while pessimists see the glass as half empty.” While that sayin has been overused to the point of becoming a cliche, it dose point out a basic truth that we each see the world differently from each other. Strictly speaking,the“glass is half full” test is too much of a cliche to use. But the interpretation of “a friend in need” might be a pretty good test of how optimistic a person really is.
この文の和訳をよろしくお願いします! Should one criticize a foreign country while living there? Recently some confusion about this question has surfaced on these pages. Among theanti-critics three types can be distinguished. First,the well-bred anticritic thinks that criticizing what he politely calls his “host country”is an indecent act of sorts. In his eyes it is like telling your hostess of a dinner party that her cooking is almost as good as that of a fast-food restaurant and that she could improve her looks by losing twenty to thirty pounds and stopping to dye her hair orange.
長くなってしまって申し訳ないのですが、よろしくお願いします。 Only a very innocent soul can think that societal criticism has anything whatsoever to do with likingor disliking a country. For one thing,a country is something so complex and abstract that only the less differentiating mind conceives of it as an object of affection or love. If they were not imbued at school with a sense of patriotism or awe for their own country,it would never occur to most people that a country is something one can like or detest,but they would confine such sentiments to objects of their own experience. By the same token,it dose not make much sense to globally criticize an entire country or culture. What can be done,and what intellectuals ought to do as a matter of justifying their existence is to critically axamine selected social patterns,practices,and policy decisions. No thinking human being could be offended by this kind of criticism.
In this section we will focus on education in England and Wales ; Scotland has a rather different education system , and Northern Ireland still has selective , segregated education . Education is compulsory for all children from the age of 5 to 16 . This does not mean that children have to go to school ; rather it means that parents must ensure that children receive a proper education . In fact , of course , almost all children do go to school . Primary school educations children up to the age of 11 , when they transfer to secondary school . Most children of all abilities , though some selective grammar schools remain in areas under Conservative control . Children may leave school at 16 , and many do . Perhaps half of children leave school at 16 , though the percentage has been falling in recent years . Young people who stay at school study for two more years in the sixth form , either at their school or at a specialist sixth form college . At the age of 16 , young people take examinations called the General Certificant of Secondary Education (GCSE) . Each subject is take separately , with English and mathematics , and , increasingly a science being the most important . Some students take as many as ten GCSEs . If they stay in school then study just three subjects for two years , and then take Advanced Level exams (A Levels) . Universities offer students a place according to their A Level grades and , often , an interview . Since GCSEs and A Levels are naitional exams , carefully and anonymously graded , everyone understands clearly what the grades mean . There are no university entrance examinations and few carm schools , so while students are under some pressure to do well in exams , there is no examination hell . As a result students at university are usually eager tu study , having enjoyed their A Levels .
[Universities] There are about a hundred universities in England and Wales , only one of which is private . Until very recently , university did not cost anything . Students also used to receive a grant from their Local Education Authority to help them with living expenses , though this is no longer the case and many students take out a loan , which can be paid back out of earnings after graduation . As universities are now expanding , but are not receiving more money from the government , many have started charging‘top-up' fees of around £3,000 (\600,000) per year . Nonetheless , university is affordable for most students , and around 40% of young people go to university . Students select their subject first , and then apply to universities . They would not study a different subject in order to enter a more prestigious university . At university students study only their major subject and there are no general classes . Because A Levels have already raised students' abilities to a high level , most university courses are for three years . The most famous universities are Oxford and Cambridge , founded in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries respectively . Both operate under a college system . This means that students apply to individual colleges and not the university itself , which hardly exists . So it you meet a former Oxford or Cambridge student , they will tell you that they studied at Pembroke College , Cambridge , for example . Students live , eat , play sport and relax in the college , and study both in college and faculty buildings . This means that students in a college all know each other and lifelong friendships are formed .
よろしくお願いします。 Luck of standards,or of the serious desire to find any,forces us to eat with the cannibals when they invite us to dinner. A certain feature of a culture can be criticized both on the basis of the standards inherent in that culture and relative to other cultures. There is no reason why things like socialization practices,care for the elderly,courting behavior and other aspects of gender relations,drinking habits,driving styles,work ethics,etc.should not be compared across cultures. Admittedly,it is not easy to understand the confines of one's own culture and thus neutralize their biassing effect on our view of the world. However,the most promising avenue toward this end is to match and rate the features of one culture against others.
[Educational Problems and Worries] There are many educational problems and worries in England . First is the content of education . It has been noted that top graduates rarely take jobs in industry , preferring to work in government , services or the financial sector . As a result the government put more stress on science and technology , suggesting that education must be pratical and must educate people to be good workers . This is a controversial matter , and many disagree that education is just to create workers . Three other areas of the curriculum cause disagreement . First , many schools belong to churches (or , sometimes , other religions) , and religious education is required . But many teachers are atheists , and feel uncomfortable teaching something they do not believe themselves , and many children in the cities come from non-Christian families . It would be sensible to abolish religious education , or even forbid it as in France and the USA , but the churches resist this . Second , sex education is given in most schools (though parents may withdraw their child if they choose , and religious parents often do) , yet Britain has the highest teenage pregnancy rate in Europe . Something is clearly wrong . Third , many people believe that the A Level system gives students a rather narrow education . For example , some students study pure mathematics , applied mathematics and physics and nothing else ; or else French , German and English and nothing else . This leads to fears of scientists who have no understanding of numbers . The system in Scotland , France and Germany is much broader , and it is possible that A Levels will be changed in the future , despite opposition from universities .
The second educational worry is that so many children continue to leave school at sixteen . Many young people , particularly from working class families in England (much less so in Wales) , do not see the value of education . They see that they can get a job at 16 and earn a good wage , while those who stay in school earn nothing until they graduate . They do not consider what the situation will be in ten or twenty years time , and often they have no wish to improve themselves as they do not want to lose touch with their roots . As one Labour politician put it sixty years ago , the problem is not people's material poverty so much as the poverty of their ambition . The third major worry is student behaviour : smoking , drinking , drugs , shoplifting , truancy . In recent years the most worrying has been bullying and violence in schools . In one incident an Asian student was stabbed to death at school by a white student . In another a school principal was stabbed to death while trying to stop a fight between students from his school and students from another school . While these and other incidents have shocked people , nobody seems to know what to do .
As time went by,Mari gradually got used to the American way of life. She went to high school with Mr.Jones'daughter. She joined the school tennis team and enjoyed playing matches against other schools.Through the activity she got to meet and talk with a lot of people about various issues. By the end of the one-year stay, she had become quite positive. She felt she had gained more confidence in herself. In August of the following year,Mari was back in Japan. Although her friends welcomed her back warmly, their chat about the TV programs and games that had been popular in her adsence somehow sounded too childish to Mari. She wished to discuss more serious issues like culture and the environment,as she had bone in the States. In class Mari's positive attitude surprised both her friends and teachers.
[Private Schools] Only about 7% of children in England go to private schools , but these schools have enormous influence . Students from these schools , mostly boys , go on to Oxford and Cambridge (50% of Oxbridge students are from private schools) and then into top careers in politics , business , banking and the civil service . Since they come from the same schools , they often know each other and have a similar way of thinking , and will often do favours for each other . This is known as the old boy network , and is often resented by those who are not male and did not go to private school . Private education is expensive , particularly in boarding schools , which is what most famous private schools are , and can cost well over £15,000 (\3 million) per year . Some schools offer a superb education , such as Winchester , while others are more schools for the upper class , such as Eton . The waiting lists for such schools is so long that parents must put their son's name down as soon as he is born . The schools will generally favour children of old boys when selecting students , helping to reinforce class differences .
長くなりますが、よろしくお願いします。 Amy,in a T-shirt with teddybears printed on the front,was sitting up in bed watching him. “You didn't have to say yes.” “I did,”he said. “I did.There'sso many down with flu and Mike's little girl's still in hospital.There's no one else.” “What about Chris?”“He did last Christmas.”“Or Mandy,”Amy said with venom. Mandy fancied Lucas and left messages for him on sticky memos on his studio tape deck and sometimes there found their way into Lucas's camera case,to be discovered later by Amy. “She's got to go back to Sheffeld.Her mother's ill.”“Poor her,”Amy said sarcastically. Lucas laced up his left boot.“Poor me,actually.” “Poor you?”“Yes,”Lucas said. He got up and limped round the bed holding his right boot and sat down next to Amy. “I don't want to work on Christmas Day.I don't want to spend four hours playing Bing Crosby and The Spice Girls tobed-sit land.I want to be in Dad's house with you and him and Dale.”
続きです。よろしくお願いします。 Amy pleated the duvet cover up between her fingers. “You always say yes.Whenever they ask you to do anything,you say yes.” “I say yes if it's important.Christmas is important.If Joan Collins came to the TV station on an inconvenient day,wouldn't you drop everything to do her make-up?” “She has her own make-up people,”Amy said. “She takes them everiwhere.” Lucas bent over to put on his right boot. “I'll be there by tea-time.Five at the latest.” Amy said in a small voice,“I can't go without you.” “What d'you mean?” “I can't go round to your father's house till you come.” Lucas stopped lacing and looked at her. “But you've been there dozens of times―” “Not by myself.”“You're being stupid,”Lucas said. Amy leaned out of the duvet and clasped her hands round Lucas's nearest arm. “I'm not.It's different now. Last year Josie was still there,and Rufas,and Josie was a kind of outsider,too,so it was OK for me. But this year,it's just your dad and Dale.” Lucas looked at her.“You like my dad.” “Yes,”Amy said,“but he's your family and so is Dale.It's just me that isn't.” Lucas pulled his arm away and stood up. “I give up.” Amy lay back on the pillows and yanked the duvet right up to her chin. “I'm going to wait here.On Christmas Day,I'm going to wait here until you've finished and then you can come and pick me up on your way to your dad's house.”
The idea for the book Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone came to Joanne Kathleen Rowling in 1990. It took her seven years to finish writing it. During those seven years she had a number of jobs,including one job as an English teacher in Portugal. Rowling sent the book to four publishers before one of them bought it. She was very happy to sell her book,Rowling was living in a small apartment with her daughter and was very poor. She could not afford heat in the winter.
Harry Potter became very successful with children and adults in Britain. The book also really took of in the United States. After her second and third books were pub-lished,the three Harry Potter books filled the top three places on many newspapers' lists of best-sellers. Then the books were made into popular movies. Without question,Rowling's life had completely changed,in just three years. Harry Potter has now sold more than 30 million books around the world and has been translated into more than thirty-five languages. In 1997,she earned £70(aboutUS$110) a week. By the end of 2001,she had earned over £150 million ($250 million), making her one of the most successful female writers of all time.
@My name is Jane Goodall and I am from England. I am interested in science and the environment. Many scientists work in universities or in companies,but not me. I spend a lot of time in Africa with chimpanzees. Chimpanzees are my friends. Did you know that they are very much like humans? I am very worried about the world's environment. I started a club. I named it“Roots&Shoots.” I'll tell you about all this later in this book. Look at page 95. Here I am with one of my “friends.”
“If you are really determined, you will find a way. Don't give up” “My hope lies in young people.”
AI was in Nagasaki in 1945 just after the war. I am an American photographer and I took many pictures at that sad time. My name is Joe O'Donnell. In lesson 7,I'll show you one of my photos. And I am Kim Phuc. I live in Canada now,but I was born in Vietnam and grew up there during the war. One day our village was bombed and I was burned. I don't remember much about that day, but there is a famous photograph of me. I'm running down the road. I am crying and all my clothes are burned off. I will never forget how terrible war is. My pictures are on page 112.
“I want everybody to see that picture.” “There should never be war again.”
BI suppose you don't know my face,and you may not know my name. That's OK,because I am sure that you know these faces and these names: Lucy and Snoopy and Charlie Brown. That's right. I'm a cartoonist,and I drew the PEANUTS comic. My name is Charles M.Schulz,but you don't have to remember my name. Just don't forget Charlie Brown and Snoopy!
@Dating is a ritual almost all people from evey country enjoy. It can be a lot of fun and romantic or it can be frustrating and get you down. It's interesting to see how other people approach dating and what they think about it. In most countries, men ask women to go for a drive, watch a movie, have dinner or some other recreational activities. Recently, however, many women have become more agressive and ask the men out for a date.
AIn japan, dating seems to be another group activity. Maybe Japanese men are shyer than Westerners. Usually, for students, someone will arrange a party and ask a few friends to join. If a boy or girl is interested in someone particular, the arranger of the party would be asked to invite that perdson also. In this way, boys and girls can meet or have a chance to come to know the person they have their eyes on.
AWe all live in suspense,from day to day,from bour to bour; in other words,we are the bero of our own story. -Mary McCartby-
At the very moment when we are living our mundane everyday lives,time in another dimension is flowing slowly and steadily onward. Whether or not we feel this other time in some corner of our hearts makes all the difference.
BHoshino Michio was a famous nature photographer. He spent many years in Alaska. Here he looks back on his first journey to North America.
I went to America for the first time when I was sixteen. Nowadays many young people go abroad; things have changed a lot since I was a boy. To me, America was a strange,far-away land. However,I had a dream to cross the ocean by ship and to hitchhike across America. In high school, I got part-time jobs to save money. My father became interested in my plan and gave me money for the trip. It was a difficult decision for my father. For one thing,he was an office worker and it was a large amount of money for him. For another,people would tell him not to allow his son to go on such an adventure. Foreign lands were so far away for us in those days; how could a boy ever hope to make it home safely?
CI left Yokohama in the summer of 1968. The ocean was so blue and so large. At night the stars looked very close. I felt both the shortness of human life and the vastness of human imagination. Two weeks later,I saw the city of Los Angeles on the horizon. I arrived in America with nothingbut a backpack. It was filled with my few things:a tent,a sleeping bag,a small cooking stove,and maps. The port was a long way from the city. It was dark,and I had no place to stay for the night. I had no plan;deciding which way to go was like throwing dice. I koew no one in Los Angeles. No one in the world even knew where I was,but I felt no fear at all. I just wanted to shout for joy at my new freedom. A few days later I arrived at the Grand Canyon. I was amazed at the vastness of nature. For the first time,I slept in a small tent in the wilderness. That experience gave me an idea and,several yeas later, it led me to Alaska.
DI traveled by Greyhound bus to the South. Atlanta,Nashville,and New Orleans impressed me deeply. There was a certain smell around every bus station: a smell of restrooms,shoe polish,hotdogs,and hamburgers. I am always filled with nostalgia for America when I remember that smell. While I was hitchhiking in Canada,I was picked up by a family and traveled with them for ten long days. I felt that I was part of that family. Years later,the mother told me, “When we first saw you on the road,we drove right on by. But the kids told us to go back and pick you up.” With the help of many people,I completed my journey safely two months later when I arrived in San Francisco. I treated myself to a cola and great big hamburger. I was more confident in myself than ever before.
EWhen you travel alone, you have thrilling experiences and chances to meet all kinds of people. Deciding on each day's plan that very day is like living in a story without any plot. If you miss your bus and take another, your life will take a different turn. I have learned from this journey that chance encounters with people are an important part of life. When I returned home, I found myself in the same old life as a student in a Japanese high school. However, my experience of traveling abroad gave me a sense of freedom. Now I knew that there was a world beyond my day-to-day life in Japan. There were real people in those far lands, and they were living ordinary lives, just like mine. I learned to see my own country in a new light. Today as I walk alone through the wilderness of Alaska, I often remember my first journey to foreign lands.
Sergey Sokolov is a guard in a small town in western Russia. In the winter, he takes care of a group of the winter, he takes care of a group of summer homes that are empty for several months. When the owners are out of town, Sokolov is responsible for the houses. His job can be dangerous because there are plenty of thieves in the neighborhood who have broken into these homes. Sokolov is not big or strong, but he is smart. One day he had a good idea. ''I know how to keep these thieves away!'' he thought. Sokolov made extremely large boots and, with big steps, walked in the snow all around the houses. Clearly, criminals have studied the great big footprints because they have stayed away. Sokolov's job is much easier now. ''Crime is down almost fifty percent, he says. ''Those footprints really scared them!
I remember old Miss Ogilvie turning to Mr Rickenbacker、Superintendent of Public Schools、and whispering fearfully:This is Garoghlanian―one of our future poets、I might say.
お願いします。 And yet the richer countries will not share with the poorer countries. Even when we have more than enough,we are afraid of losing our wealth. I know if all the money for war is spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers,our earth will be a wonderful place.
また、続きお願いします。 Your choices are making our future. Parents should be able to make their children more comfortabie by saying,“We're doing our best.”But I don't think you can say that to us anymore. Sometimes when I see the world around me,I feel like crying. You adults say that you love us. Your actions should refiect our words.
Considering the excellent character traits dogs typically have, it is not surprising that many people consider their dog to be a full-fledged member of the family. In fact, many married people would probably want their spouse to show at least some of the typical dog traits (loving, friendly , kind, cheerful, loyal, protective, and so on ) once in a while. Similarly, since animal medicine has become almost as sophisticated as human medicine, dogs are getting top-notch medical care. Illnesses that once were silent, sudden or mysterious killers are now recognized well before they become terminal. The number of dogs who are diagnosed with cancer is becoming staggeringly high. Is this a result of longer life, a worse environment, or simply early detection? It is hard to say. A happier way in which dogs are treated as if they were human is the appearance of dog restaurants and stores that cater to a dog`s every need. Dog owners have even been known to give their pets a wedding ceremony, complete with photographers and guests! A long time ago the expression “It`s a dogs life” meant “Life is tough” But these days, as long as you have a human serving you, a dog`s life seems to be not that bad at all.
My name is Hoshino Michio. I am a Japanese student. I saw a photo of your village in a book. I am very interested in your way of life. But I do not know anyone in your village. How can I visit your village? I am hardworking. I will do any kind of job. Iwill wait for your answer.
This letter was written by Mr Hoshino. He was moved by a photo of Shishmaref. Half a year later he got the answer,and went to Shishmaref. Several years later he visited Alaska again,and lived there for 18 years. He took many photos of people and nature there.
In some parts of Alaska,the winter lasts for half of the year. The temperature is minus 40 degrees Celsius. The sun comes up around 10:30 in the morning,and goes down around 3:30 in the afternoon. The snow is very important for the people and animals there. One day Mr Hoshino talked with an old man about snow. "we can't live without snow," said the old man. "We can travel on a sleigh over the snow. Snow gives us silence. Even the snow on the branches is useful. It sometimes breaks down the whole tree. That gives hares a new home."
Mr Hoshino took many pictures of polar bears inAlaska. Eskimos in Alaska call the polar bears'Nanook'. They say that 'Nanook' means the king of the ice. There are a lot of stories of Nanook in Eskimo culture. Here is one of them. In this story,Nanook speaks to humans:
All living things are part of the great Mother Earth. When you pray for my life, You become Nanook,and Nanook becomes you. One day you will meet me in the ice world. Maybe either of us is killed. Lives are born again.
Eskimos and polar bears can communicate with each other. They live together in the cycle of life and death.
Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be discovered with modern scanning technology. In one case, a travering salesman had to retire at an early age because he had been losing his mamory. He coudn´t remember even simple taskes. He woudld often forget the name of his own son. This man had been talking on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a few years. his familly doctor blamed his memory loss on using a mobile phone, but his employer´s doctor didn´t agree.
Sadly,all the evidence from around the world is that people are not conserving the sea and the life that abounds within it as they should be doing. The water near to land is in the greatest danger from mankind. Here the water is shallowest and here usually are the biggest catches of fish. Here too are usually the biggest oil reserves, and here too there are the busiest shopping lanes and all the ports and harbours. These busy sea areas around our continent have in recent years seen conflicts between competing fisherman, between nation looking for minerals and between people who want to build and people who want to conserve. In these waters there has been the greatest pollution. Modern technology has made all questions connected with the sea much worse. Oil tankers are so big these days that if there is an accident at sea, then the consequences will be very great. In 1989 the oil tanker the Exxon Valdez had an accident off the coast of Alaska. The spillage of oil from the ship caused pollution to 2,000 kilometers of previously unspoilt coastline. The damage from this pollution is still being repaired today.
Hello.I'm Severn Suzuki speaking for ECO,the En-vironmental Children's Organization. We're a group of twelve- and thirteen-year-olds from Canada trying to make a difference. Coming up here today,I have no hidden agenda. I am fighting for my future.
I'm here to speak for all generations to come. I am here to speak for the hungry children around the world. I am here to speak for the animals dying across the planet.
I am afraid to go out in the sun now because of the holes in the ozone. I am afraid to breathe the air be-cause I don't know what chemicals are in it. Now ani-mals and plants are becoming extinct every day.
Oneday during lunch break,one of her friends said, "Mari,everyone says you've become very assertive.It looks like you want to stand out..." The friend told her honestly the impressions her classmates had of her. Mari sat listening in silence.She thought to herself:"In japanese culture it is important to have a cooperative attitude toward others and to try not to stand out. I can accept that.But probably,some part of me has been changed by my studying abroad. I hope I can make use of these changes in positive ways." As autumn progressed, Mari no longer felt the awkwardness she had felt on coming back from the States.Now,she is determined to keep her identity as a Japanese, while trying to understand and accept other cultures. In this way she has learned to appreciate her experience abroad.
Some social critics believe that television has come to dominate family life because today's parents are too selfish to take the time and effort that reading aloud or playing games oe even just talking to each other would require. But this strict view dosen't take into consideration the extraordinary power of television.
After his first night on the desert, a thing that surprises him happens.When he wakes up in the morning, there is a boy sitting just in front of him. The narrator cannot believe it, because he is in the very middle of the desert and does not think anybody is there.
With the exception of some parking regulations, enforcement of traffic laws, together with responding to incidents and general patrolling, are the responsibility of city, county and state police. It is a basic premise that every traffic law, ordinance, and control measure contributes to the safety and efficiency of traffic movement, and should therefore be enforced for the health and safety of the community. Unenforced controls are considered worse than no controls at all, since they tend to cause some drivers to disregard them habitually and endanger others. Police also fulfill their objectives by patrolling highways, coming to the aid of stranded motorists, investigating accidents, and directing traffic in emergency situations. を訳してください。お願いします。
@There are few places on earth where nature can be seen in an almost untouched state. One is the Galapagos Islands: a remote place, largely unspoiled be humans, with unique birds, animals and plants――many of which are found nowhere else in the world. These islands lie directly on the Equator, about 1,000 kilometers west of the mainland of South America.
ABut the Galapagos Islands are now facing a problem. The people living on the island of Santa Cruz want to develop the business and tourist potential of the islands. Currently, they are involved in a bitter suruggle with the naturalists who work at the Charles Darwin Research center, which is also located on Santa Cruz. The naturalists want to preserve the island's wildlife, which is already suffering as a result of human activity.
BThe animals' greatest threat used to be sailors who, hundreds of years ago, landed on the islands for food. They wiped out an estimated 250,000 Giant Tortoises, causing the extinction of several subspecies that lived on some of the smaller islands there. On Pinta Island, for example, there are no Giant Tortoises left at all. The last survivor, an 80-year-old Giant Tortoise called Lonesome George, lives under the protection of naturalists at the Darwin Center. CToday, the islands' animals are no longer hunted for food. But other dangers have replaced the threat from sailors. Goats, for example, introduced over the years by humans, have become wind. With no natural enemies, their numbers have reached 100,000 on the largest of the Galapagos Islands, Isabela. They eat huge amounts of plants on the island, and take food drom the Giant Tortoises. The problem is now so bad that the National Park Service has got hunters to kill the goats in an attempt to save the Giant Tortoises from extinction.
DBut such problems don't seem to worry the local population, who wants to develop the islands' economic potencial. The population of Puerto Ayora, tha main town of Santa Cruz, has grown in population from a few hundred to 10,000 in little more than a decade. For Fanny Uribe, a local councilor and hairdresser, more economic growth and less environmental preservation is what is needed. “We'd like an international airport built here and larger hotels, so the local people can make more money from tourism, ”she says. EThe ideas of Fanny Uribe and the local population are in complate contrast to those of the workers at the Darwin Center and the National Park service. Therefore the two communities cannot get along well with each other. Recently, dozens of fishermen marched on the Darwin Center and surrounded it for several days after ecologists had called for an urgent ban on the fishing of endangered species.