We constantly hear that "the family" is in trouble,that we must find ways to strengthen it. We see headlines such as "Divorce on th Rise,"or"Alarming New Figures on Child Abuse,"or"Viorence Against Women in the Home Increases,"and we conclude that we must do something about"the breakdown of the family."The unspoken premise is that the ideal of the family,as traditionally defined,is a worthy goal that immoral or selfish or stupid people are failed to achieve.Before the rest of us accept this premise,though,we need to consider an alternative:that the breakdown of the family is a good thing,that the traditional family model has failed and that women especially(but not only)are creating new living arrangements that are more democratic,fulfilling and practical.It may be one of the most important turning points of the West,the creation of a new social base that will produce an advanced and improved democratic political structure. The traditional family model can be beautiful,especially in its promise of "true love."But its beauty should not disguise its repressiveness.The traditional family, as it is celebrated in Western art,teaches authoritarian psychological patterns and a belief in the unchanging rightness of the male power.It offers an order where love and power are inseparably linked,damaging not only to all family members but to the politics of the wider society.
Now that families are becoming different,we are seeing people question things that for centuries have not been questioned.We are beginning to see people ask themselves exactly what"love"is,and try to build families based on love that often do not exactly fit the old model.The family,that is,human love and support systems for raising children,is not in danger of breaking down.What is happening is that family democracy is caching up with the old father-dominated family.The family is being democratized.We are all,many of us,taking part in the process.
(Distance shot of an African landscape; a child’s voice is heard) “I went to my aunt’s home with my mother. When we passed a farm along the way, I thought I’d touched a spider’s web. A landmine exploded. Both my mother and I were badly injured. We did not get help for a long time. Night passed and finally when morning came, we were brought here.” Redglare: Landmines! There may be as many as 120 million of these terrible weapons in over 70 countries throughout the world. Most of these mines are under the ground and will explode when they are stepped on. But mines cannot see or hear. They cannot tell a soldier from a child, a grandmother, a cow, or an elephant. When anything touches them, they will explode. They remain active for a very long time, 50 years, maybe even a century. The movement to remove landmines is said to have started in the 1990s. Mine-clearing operations have begun, but no single government or agency can possibly clear that many mines. Large numbers of people must help.
This sentence needs a main finite verb; ''proving'' must be changed to ''proved.'' ''The'' must be used before the definite noun phrase ''first state.'' ''That,'' not ''what,'' must introduce the noun clause diet affects. The possessive adjective ''her,'' not the reflexive pronoun ''herself,'' should be used to modify ''contributions.'' The noun ''navigation'' should be used since it is the object of the verb ''improve'' and parallel to the nouns ''channel'' and ''harbor.'' The possessive relative pronoun ''whose'' must be used because the relative clause describes a possessive relationship. ''When'' is the wrong word choice; ''for,'' or another appropriate preposition, must be used for, or another appropriate preposition, must be used after ''useful.'' ''Jane Addams'' is the subject of the verb ''received;'' the pronoun ''she'' is unnecessary and ungrammatically repeats the subject.
Interviewer[I] : Ms.Murakami, why did you decide to work as a volunteer? Murakami[M] : I began to work as a volunteer when I was 49 years old. Until then Ihad been a dentist in Niigata. Since my high school days, I have had an interest in health care in the developing countries.While Iwas traveling in Mali, Isaw some UNICEF workers and thought I myself could become a volunteer there. I : Wasn't it a difficult decision for you to leave Japan and start working in a country far from home? M : Not really. Don't you try to help your neighbors when their house is on fire? There's no difference between these two. I : What are you and your organization doing to assist the people in Mali? M : In the beginning, I just assisted with medical care for the children. But soon I noticed it's not medical care alone that's important. IWe kept looking for ways to improve their baily living enviroment. I started various programs such as reading and writing lessons, sewing lessons, and a tree-planting program.
''The scientific study of tissues'' is the only noun phrase that can act as the subject of this sentence.
A subject and verb are required to complete the main clause.
Following the verb ''were,'' a noun phrase that means the same thing as the subject, ''The early railroads, ''is used. A relative pronoun, ''that,'' and a verb, ''connected,'' are needed to introduce the relative clause that follows.
The infinitive form of the verb is the only choice that completes this sentence grammatically. In this sentence ''to'' of the infinitive is a shortened form of ''in order to.''
A noun phrase, set off by commas, follows the subject and identifies the subject. Only choice (B)completes the noun phrase grammatically.
''Operating,'' a participle, introduces an adjective phrase that modifies ''Red Cross.''
''Nucleic acid'' is the delayed subject of the sentence, and ''it'' is necessry to fill the sentence, and ''it'' is necessry to fill the subject space before the verb.
After the subject pronoun, they, there must be the finite verb. darken, to complete the independent clause. The noun form brightness is required after the preposition in, as in the parallel words size and mass. The comparative with less requires the simple form of the adjective, dense, not the -er form.
today,the coffee trees of brazil supply one-third of the world’s cofee.around the world,more than 20 million people work in cofee business.cofee has become the second-most traded commodity after oil.with over 400 billion cups drunk every year,cofee is the worlds most popular drink.
Wars on global scale may have ended, but civil wars and racial conflicts continue. Every year thousands of people escape from their homeland into neighboring countries in fear of persection because of their race, religion, or natinality. These people are called refugees. The UNHCR, the office of the United Nations Hige Commissioner for Refugrees, tries to protect these people and help them find ways to start their lives again in a peaceful environment. In 1991, the United Nations elected a Japanese womean, Ogata Sadako, as the High Commissioner. She became one ogft he first women to head an agency of the UN. Although she was an expert in international affairs, many people witihin the UNHCR were quite surprised at her appointment because Ogata was no well known internationally. However, year by year she became more and more respected for her accomplishments. Her strong will and leadship were helpful in reliving the difficult crises in Josovo, Rwanda, East Timor and other countries. During her term, the UNHCR became one of the most important agencies of the United Nations. Ogata comes from a long line of statesmes and diplomats. Her great-grandfather was Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi, and her grandfather, Yoshizawa Kenkichi, was a Foreign Minister. As her childhood abroad in chaina and the US. In the warly 50s, she won a scholarship for graduate study in America. American university life and her studies in international relations opened her mind to a much wider world.
After returning to Japan, she taught at several universities. During this time, she became involved in some UN activities, which eventually led to her becoming a minister at the Japanese mission at the UN in 1976. This work lasted for three years until she returned to teach again in Japan. Ogata says, "While academic and public work are different, they are also similar in some ways. The way of thinking, analyzing and evaluating is similar whether you are teaching or involved more directly in public work." As a teacher, she always encouraged her students to study hard and gain as amuch knowledge as possible. She herself was hard-working and well read. At her first meeting as the High Commissioner, she said, "I always read the necessary documents carefully, and I expect the same of you." soon after she became the High Commissioner in 1991, a difficult problem arose in the Near East. Nearly two million Kurds in the northern part of Iraq became displaced people, more than the world had ever seen at one time. Some of them escaped into Iran, but many were stopped at the Iraqi border on their way to Turkey. Ogata wanted to see their situation for herself. Arriving there she saw thousands of people, together with their belongings, stretching along the mountain paths as far as the eye could see. She was shocked at the sight and felt she had to protect them. Back in Geneva she was perplexed. According to the regulations, the UNHCR could only help people who were officially recognized as refugees -- people who had crossed a border to escape. This time, however, the Kurds who were being persecuted were within the border.
Tourism is now Australia's largest single foreign exchange earner , accounting for 10% of the total. Faster, cheaper air travel and highly successful government marketing campaigns draw tourists in increasing numbers, especlally from Asia, which has been the focus of Australia's strategy to develop tourism's rich potential. The Japanese tourists stay a shorter time - on average eight nights - they tend to spend more than other nationalities. The country's attractions include wildlife, swimming and surfing off Pacific and Indian Ocean beaches, skin-diving along the Great Barrier Reef and skiing in the Australian alps. Aboriginal culture and the town of Alice Springs are among the outback's attractions. The far north has tropical resorts, the northwest, pearl-fishing. The vineyards of the south and southeast attract many visitors, as do the cultural life of melbourne and Sydney and the arts festivals held in state capitals. Sydney's hosting of the Olympic Games in 2000 will give the city a massive economic boost.
I fet both the shortness of humam life and the vastness of human imagination.
I arrived in America with nothing but a backpack.It was filled with my few things:a tent,a sleeping bag,a small cooking stove,and maps. The port a long way from thy city city. It was dark,and I had no place to stay for the night.I hadno plan;deciding which way to go was like throwing dice. I knew where I was, but I felt no fear at all. I just wanted to shou for joy at my new freedam. A few days later I arrived at the GrandCanyon. Iwas amazed at the vastness of nature.For the fist time,I slept in a small tent in the wilderness.That experience gave me an idea and,several years later,it led me to Alaska.
The world around us can be a stressful place. The competition for time between work and family...worries about money... Often it can seem overwhelming.
I'm afread to do anything,so I just stopped doing any type of work.
Many people react to anxiety this way. But for some,these feelings could indicate something more serious.
Well,generalized anxiety is a disorder in which people have a pervasive worrying and anxiety that lasts more than six months. Usually the worries are about everyday type of things-- the work situation,home situation,family,money,uh, education,school,those sorts of things.
Symptoms can include muscle tention,irritability,headaches,cervical tention,problems related to the heart such as rapid heartbeat or pounding in your chest,difficulty catching your breath,feeling a lump in your throat,and gastrointestinal symptoms such as queasiness, gastritis,constipation,diarrhea.
>56の続きです。 While much of our anxiety may be the normal response to today's fast-paced lifestyle, for those who do have more serious and long-lasting symptoms,medication may be helpful. Among the choices is a medication developed by researchers at Bristol-Myers Squibb called Buspar.
It tends to potentiate the effects of a chemical called serotonin in certain parts of the brain. By doing this it tends to be more precise in where it is that it's acting. It does not cause decreased alertness. It does not cause symptoms such as decreased reflexes. And there's no potential for it being habit-forming.
While this is generally the case,some people may experience side effects from this class of drugs such as excitement,dizziness,nausea,headache,light-headness and nervousness. Therefore,patients are cautioned about operating an automobile or complex machinery until they're certain that the use of these drugs does not adversely affect them. Doctors say the most important thing,and the one that many people avoid,is seeking help in the first place.
>>57の続きです。 If an individual begins to recagnize that there is an an ongoing problem, the first thing they should do is speak to their primary care physician or their internist.
Finally,I went to a psychiatrist who was able to diagnose the problem and prescribe medication. And it wasn't until I got this medication that I was finally able to run on even keel.
Today there are over 10million patients being treated for G are over 10million patients being treated for G.A.D. And for many finding effective treatment can mean the difference between a life filled with worry and a life filled with happiness.
>13 >「'The scientific study of tissues」はこの文で主語になれる唯一の名詞句です。 >主節を完成させるためには主語と動詞が1個ずつ必要です。 >動詞「were」の後には、主語の「The early railroads」と同じ物を意味する名詞句が使わ れます。後ろに続く関係代名詞を導くためには関係代名詞「that」と動詞「connected」が 必要です。 >この文を文法的に正しい物にするには動詞を不定詞にするしかありません。この文では不 定詞の「to」は「in order to」を縮めた形です。 >コンマによって強調された名詞句が主語に続き、主語を明らかにしています。 選択肢(B)だけがこの名詞句を文法的に正しく完成させます。 >分詞「Operating」は「Red Cross」を修飾する形容詞句を導きます。 >「Nucleic acid」はこの文のdelayed subjectで、文を満たすためには「it」が必要で、ま 動詞の前の空白を埋めるために「it」が必要です。 >59 He prevent his son from doing video games.
milestone reading lesson9-4 Naturally a view of animals peculiar to a certain culture and a certain nation is not firm or definite; neither are its origins simple and self-evident. One of the reasons the English know how to train dogs almost perfectly might be that they have done a good deal of dairy farming for a long time and thus are used to handling domestic animals. Another reason could be that since the climate caused the need for the cohabitation of pets and people under the same roof in closed living quarters, dogs had to be strictly trained to preserve domestic peace. By contrast, the Japanese civilization was never significantly dependent on domestic animals. Furthermore, Japanese living quarters have always been open due to the warm, humid climate, and it was neither necessary nor wise to live with dogs. Consequently, the patterns of coexistence which would have emerged if humans and dogs had lived together in a confined space never developed in Japan. Religion must have played a role, also. As is well known, Christianity does not recognize animal souls, whereas traditional Japanese religions have strong elements of animism shamanism. Japanese Buddhism, which was later added to those, even believes in the idea of discontinuity and that of continuity. The former standpoint makes humankind’s superiority absolute, whereas the latter makes it only relative. To the English, cruelty probably means not to treat a particular animal according to the role they have assigned to it from a human-centered viewpoint. To the Japanese, cruelty is a concept that concerns useless and unnecessary killing.
But then there arose the need of justifying this new title in theory.
For this he had to rely not on rational arguments, which tended in the opposite direction, but on the example of kings like Saul and David in the Old Testament. For they had been appointed not by any popular election but by divine appointment, as revealed to Samuel the prophet. For this the new discovery of the literal sense of the Bible, as proposed by Luther and his followers, was of great convenience.
Then, one thing led to another. The rejection of Papal authority in England led to the destruction of all traces of that authority in England.
Vast lands, belonging to the religious houses, were confiscated by the king and used to enrich a new class of men who for this reason(if for no other) would support the changes.
In this way, as we may easily gather, there was opened a new gulf between the rich and the poor, between those who profited from the abbey lands and those who were dispossessed (not only the monks, who could often find other means of livelihood, but also the peasants who depended on the monks).
There appeared a new poverty, as we may find in the many Acts of Parliament against "rogues, vagabonds and sturdy beggars" that came to be passed during the second half of the sixteenth century. There also emerged a new spirit of enterprise, to take advantage of the many opportunities offered by the exchange of lands, and a new economy, based upon the efforts of a rising class of "merchant adventurers".
Here precisely was a revolutionary situation. At first, it may appear as a revolt of the King against the Pope, and therefore of those who supported the King(the Anglicans) against those who supported the Pope(the Catholics, or as they were called by their opponents, the Papists).
Here and there they made feeble attempts to protest, but they were ruthlessly put down. It was rather a struggle between the Anglican establishment and those who found themselves left out of the establishment, yet still with some power.
It was these latter who found convenient support in the Puritan movement, which was more anti-Papal than the King, and which indeed turned against the King for not being more anti-Papal.
Those who chiefly suffered from the effects of this struggle weren't so much the supporters of either the King or the Parliament as those who supported the Pope and the old religious traditions of England, and above all the poor. It was their sad situation in the nineteenth century that largely stimulated Marx, during his stay in England, to develop his further and contrary idea of a class struggle of the poor against the rich, and of communism against capitalism.
'I don't know,' Sally says. 'But I don't like it.' She says goodbye to her neighbours and walks to school. She is thinking about Saturday, and the meeting. Saturday comes, and the people of Newton Road go to the Town Hall. A man comes into the room. 'Good morning,' he says. 'My name is Wood. I'm a civil engineer.' 'A civil what? 'Helen Taylor asks Sally. 'A civil engineer,' Sally says. 'Civil engineers build roads and houses.' Mr wood hears her. 'That's right,' he says. 'And I'm going to build houses for you. I'm going to build a new road too. But first I'M going to knock down the old houses in Newton Road. The new road is going to be there.' 'You're going to knock down our houses? 'the people say. 'Yes,' Mr Wood says. 'But you live in old houses now. You're going to live in beautiful new houses.' 'Where are these beautiful new houses?'Sally asks. 'Are they near here?' 'No-no, they aren't,' Mr Wood says. 'But that's not important.' 'Yes, it is, 'Sally says. 'We want to stay near our friends and our jobs. That's very important.' Mr Wood is not happy. 'I'm sorry,' he says' 'but think about the new houses.' But the people of Newton Road think about their friends and neighbours. 'What are we going to do?' they ask.
'We're going to stay in Newton Road,' Sally says. 'Mr sWood can't build a new road. Newton Road is our road. This is a battle - the battle of Newton Road.' It is Monday. Sally Robson is at school. She tells her students about the meeting. She tells them about Mr Wood and the new road. 'He can't build a new road here,' they say. 'He can't knock down the houses and our school.' But Mr Wood is a clever man. He shows the new houses to Helen Taylor. He shows them to Paul Johnson. 'Mr Wood isn't a bad man,' Helen Taylor tells Sally. 'And the new houses aren't bad.' 'They're very good,' Paul Johnson says. 'And they have big gardens. 'Think about that.' Sally tells them: 'New houses and big gardens aren't important. Friends are important. And a school for your children.' Stephen and Catherine are two of Sally Robson's students. They go to her house. 'The people want the new houses,' Sally Robson tells them. 'We can't win this battle.' 'Yes, we can, Miss Robson,' Stephen says. 'Our friends can help.' Their friends come to Sally's house. Her neighbours see them. They say: 'Sally Robson is right. Friends are important. Newton Road is important.' April comes. Sally Robson and her neighbours don't go to the new houses. They stay in Newton Road. April goes and May comes. May goes and June comes. The people of Newton Road stay there. 'I can wait,'Mr Wood says.
June goes and July goes and August comes. Now Mr Wood isn't very happy. 'I can't wait,' he says. 'It's August. I'm going to build the new road. The people of Newton Road want a battle. They can have a battle!' On Monday Mr Wood comes to Newton Road. His men are Mr Wood comes to Newton Road. His men are with him. The men have yellow machines. The machines are big. They can knock down houses. 'I'm going to build the new road,' Mr Wood says. 'No!' Sally Robson says. 'You can't come here with the machines. Look!' The people of Newton Road are sitting in the road. Stephen and Catherine and their friends from school are sitting with them. Mr Wood isn't happy. 'Wait,' he says to his men. Mr Wood goes to the gas company. He tallks to a man there. He goes to the electricity company and talks to a man there. He goes to the water company. 'Yes, I can help you,' the man at the water companhy says. In the afternoon Mr Wood comes to Newton Road.
Bangladesh is a country which has long suffered from flooding, storms and famines. For generations people have been forced to live in poverty. If the poor people of Bangladesh could get even a small loan, they could get started on the way to a better life. They could raise chickens and a cow; they could buy a sewing machine and make clothing. However, no bank will loan money to poor people. Dr. Muhammad Yunus set out to solve this problem. He created a unique institution, the Grameen Bank, to provide small loans to the poor, especially to women living in the villages. Tonight Dr. Yunus will tell us how this system of"microcredit" got started.
In 1972, the year after Bangladesh became independent from Pakistan, I returned to my country and became head of the Department of Economics at Chittagong University. Everybody thought that the standard of living would improve, but to the surprise of all of us, Bangladesh began sliding down very rapidly. In 1974, we had a terrible famine; people were dying in the streets. 教科書通り入力してしまったのでジグザグですみませんが、よろしくお願いします。
I got very frustrated with what I was teaching. In the classroom, theories of economics seem right; everything works out well. Then you walk out of the university campus, and you see that the real world is very different; things are not working out well at all. To me coming from the classroom into the real world in the streets outside was like coming out of a movie theater. In the movie everything is orderly. You expect the hero to win, and in the end he wins. But coming out of the theater, or out of the classroom, into the poor streets, you see that the real world is very different. Everybody is losing; nobody is winning. I thought, "What is the use of teaching economics if I don't believe what I am teaching? IfI don't believe in what I'm teaching, how can I ask my students to believe it?" So I decided to study the economics of the real world. My teachers would be the poor people of Bangladesh. There are many villages around Chittagong University campus, so all I had to do to study the economics of the real world was just to walk out of the campus and into the villages. I chose to talk to the very poor people in the village because that's where the problem is. Why can't they change their lives? Why can't they improve their lives? I kept on talking and asking questions, not as an economist, not as a teacher, not as a researcher - just as a human being, as a neighbor. Why do things remain the way they are? 教科書通り入力してしまったのでジグザグですみませんが、よろしくお願いします。
One day I met a woman who earned only two pennies a day making bamboo stools. I couldn't understand how anybody could work so hard and earn so little. She explained why: she didn't have the money to buy bamboo to make the stools, so she had to borrow money from a trader. The trader then bought the stools for a very low price, took out the cost of the loan, and left her only two pennies for the day's work. Her work was almost free. She was like a slave. This looked like a very simple problem. You don't need big theories to solve a problem like this. All you need to do is to make a little money available to this woman so that she can buy her own bamboo. Then she can sell the stools where she can get a good price. I took a student of mine and we went around the village for several days to find out if there were other people who were borrowing from traders and not receiving what they should earn. In a week's time, we came up with a list of forty-two such people. The total amount of money needed by all forty-two of them was just thirty dollars. 教科書通り入力してしまったのでジグザグですみませんが、よろしくお願いします。
I felt ashamed. What's the use of all those big theories I was talking about in the classroom? ; Here was a real life situation in which thirty dollars would make it possible for forty-two people to earn a living wage. And yet our society could not provide that kind " of small loan to individuals and small businesses. 1 thought there must be some way of doing this, so Iwent to see a banker. When I talked about a loan of thirty dollars to forty-two poor workers, he laughed. He thought it was a funny idea. "We can't loan money to poor people," he said. I asked him why not. "Because to get a loan, you must have collateral. You must have some money or own some land to show that you will pay hackthe loan. Oryou must have a good credit rating; that is, you must show that you have paid back previous loans." "But these are poor people;' I said. "They don't have money, they don't own land, and, because you won't loan them money, they have neverhad a loan to pay back!" He laughed again. I talked to other banks, and the result was the same. Finally, in 1979, I decided to do something on my own. 1 took out some small loans in my own name and began to loan this money to the poor people of the village. That is the beginning of what I'm doing today. 教科書通り入力してしまったのでジグザグですみませんが、よろしくお願いします。
I had taken out loans from the banks, and, of course, I had to repay that money. It was important that the village people pay the money back to me, so I could repay the banks. People did pay back the loans I had made to them, so I was able to borrow more money and make more loans to the poor villagers. The system became bigger and bigger. I then told the bank, "Why don't you do this yourself? Why do you need me as a guarantor? It's working. You said people would not pay. Now they're paying." The bankers said, "No, no, you can do it in one village. You have your students with you, and you yourself work very hard, but if we do it, it won't work." I said, "That's funny." They said, "If you do it in more than one village, it won't work." I said, "OK. let me try." I did it in several othervillages. It worked, but the bankers were still not satisfied. They said, "No, this is not big enough." I did it over the whole district and it worked. But the bankers could never be persuaded. Then I thought, "Why am I running after these bankers? Why don't I set up my own bank andjust settle the whole issue?" I started running around to the Central Bank and to government offices to get permission to set up a bank only for poor people. It took a longtime. Finally in 1983, the government permitted us to set up an independent bank. This is how the Grameen Bank came to be. The Grameen Bank - the bank for the poor - has grown until now we have 2.5 million members, 94 percent of whom are women. We loan 2.3 billion dollars. The method of microcredit has been used in nearly 60 countries, including the USA and France. Its success made it possible to bring as many as 137 countries together to hold the Microcredit Summit in 1997 in the USA. 教科書通り入力してしまったのでジグザグですみませんが、よろしくお願いします。
'You can stay here,' he says to the people. 'You can stay here, but you can't have gas in your houses stay here, but you can't have gas in your houses. You can't have electricity, and you in your houses. You can't have electricity, and you can't have water.' He looks at Sally. 'I'm sorry, but you want this battle. I don't. Battles aren't good.' 'What are we going to do?' the people ask. Sally Robson thinks. 'Wait here,' she says. 'I'm going to telephone.' She goes to a telephone. She talks to a newspaper man. 'Yes, my newspaper can help you,' the man says. The man from the newspaper comes to Newton Road. He talks to Sally Robson. He talks to Helen Taylor and Paul Johnson. He talks to Stephen and Catherine and the children from the school. 'This is a good story,' he says. 'Ican help you.' The people of Newton Road say: 'We're winning this battle.' It's Saturday morning. Stephen and Catherine show the newspaper to Sally Robson. She looks at it. 'THE BATTLE OF NEWTON ROAD,' the newspaper says. 'TEACHER AND STUDENTS IN BATTLE FOR HOMES. CAN THEY SAVE THEIR ROAD?' 'Our photographs are in the newspaper, Miss Robson,' Catherine says. 'Look. We're famous.' And they are famous. The battle of Newton Road is famous. Helen Taylor and Paul Johnson have their photographs in the newspaper,too. The people in the town talk about the battle. Some people say: 'Sally Robson and her friends are fight. Friends and neighbours are important. Newton Road is their road.'
But some people say: 'Mr Wood is right. We want new roads in this town. The old roads are bad. New roads are very important. Build a new road. The people of Newton Road can go to the new houses.' And some people say: 'Sally Robson is right, but Mr Wood is right too. What are they going to do?' Now it is September. Mr Wood is thinking. He thinks of Sally Robson. 'Yes, she's right. Friends and neighbours are important.' Sally is thinking too. She thinks: 'Mr Wood isn't a bad man. He's a civil engineer, and civil engineers build new roads. New roads are important. People want new roads.' Stephen and Catherine are talking. 'It's a big battle,' Catherine says. 'And Miss Robson can't win it,' Stephen says. 'The people don't want a battle.' 'And it's September. We're going back to school.' 'What are we going to do?' 'I have an idea,' Catherine says. 'Come with me, Stephen. We're going to the Town Hall. We're going to talk to Mr Wood.' stephen and Catherine go to the Town Hall. Then they go to Newton Road. The people are happy there. 'We have gas in our houses,' they say. 'We have electricity and water. We're winning the battle.'
'What's happening? What's Mr Wood doing?' Sally Robson asks. 'We have gas and electricity. We have water. What's happening?' 'Mr Wood wants to visit Newton Road,' Stephen says. 'He wants a meeting,' Catherine says. 'A meeting for the people of Newton Road?' 'Yes, but not in the Town Hall. In Newton Road School.' Stephen and Catherine go to the school. They see the headmaster, Mr Morgan. 'Yes, we can have a meeting here,' Mr Morgan says. 'We can have the meeting on Saturday.' On Saturday the people of Newton Road go to the school. Mr Wood comes too. 'People of Newton Road,' he says,'you're right. You want your friends and neighbours, and you can gave them. I don't want a battle.' 'Can we stay in Newton Road?' Sally Robson thinks. 'You can have your friends and neighbours,' Mr Wood says, 'but you can have your new houses too. We're going to build new houses in a new road. The road has a new school too. Mr Morgan can be the headmaster. You can stay with your friends. It can be your road.' 'Our road?' the people say. Mr Wood looks at Sally Robson. 'Robson Road!' he says.
’Robson Road! Yes, good idea!' the people say. ’No!' It's Sally Robson. ’No!' she says. 'It isn't a good idea. Robson Road isn't a good idea. We can stay with our friends in Newton Road. The new Newton Road.' Mr Wood smiles. 'Yes,' he says. 'It can be the new Newton Road.' The people of Newton Road smile. 'The new Newton Road,' they say. 'Good idea!' Newton Road - the new Newton Road - is a happy road. Sally Robson lives there. Helen Taylor and Paul Johnson live there too. Mr Morgan is headmaster of the new school. The people are happy. They have new houses, but they have their old friends and neighbours. Stephen and Catherine visit Sally Robson. Mr Wood visits Sally Robson too. He is her friend now. 'Your new house is good,' Mr Wood says. 'It isn't bad,' Sally Robson says. 'My new road is good,' Mr Wood says. 'Hmm!' Sally says. 'A new battle of Newton Road,' Catherine says. Sally Robson thinks. Then she laughs and says, 'No. Battles aren't good. Let's say ''no'' to battles!' ' ''No'' to battles!' Mr Wood says, and he laughs too.
In our science classes we learn about the laws of physics. Do you remember Newton's First Law of Motion? Can you apply that law to answer simple everyday questions, such as: Why don't we feel dizzyon ourspinning world? Why dowefeel the motion on a roller coaster but not in an airplane that is going much faster?
Q:If the whole world is spinning at about 1,600 kilometers per hour, why don't we get dizzy, feel the wind or somehow notice the motion? Is itjust because we are used to it
A:No, it's because Earth's rotation is a uniform,unvarying motion, and we can feel only changes in motion. Any time a moving object changes its motion,either in its direction or in speed,we say that it has experienced an acceleration. お願いします。
Say you're a passenger in a car that's moving in a straight line and at a constant speed. You don't feel any forces pushing your body around. But as soon as the road changes from straight to curved, your body becomes aware of it, because you are pushed slightly toward the outside of the curve. Or if the driver suddenly steps on the accelerator, your body becomes aware of it because you are pushed against the back of the seat. Or if the driver suddenly hits the brakes, your body becomes aware of it because you are pushed slightly toward the front of the car. But as long as the car doesn't speed up or slow down or go around a curve, your body feels no forces trying to push it around. In effect, your body doesn't know it's moving, even if your brain does. Your brain knows that Earth is spinning but your body doesn't because the motion is smooth and uniform.As Isaac Newton put it in his First Law of Motion,a body (including yours) that is moving at a constant speed in a straight line will continue moving that way unless some outside force acts on it. Without such an outside force, the body doesn't even realize it's moving. Q:We're following the curvature of Earth's surface. It may be a constant speed,but it isn't a straight line.So why aren't we beingpushed outward?
A:We are.But the curvature is so gradual - Earth is so big- that we move almost in a straight line, so that the outward force is verv small. This is all very discouraging to the people who design amusement park rides, who want us to experience a lot of motion. They try to make us feel unbalanced and insecure.That's why nothing in the whole place moves at a constant speed in a single direction. Every ride either spins you around, throws you first up and then down,or puts you through some crazy combination of up, down, and around at the same time. The best roller coasters are those that combine ups and downs with speedups, slowdowns, twists and curves.Even the merry-go-round is continually diverting you from a straight line, forcing you to turn in a circle. You may wonder why we don't feel the wind as Earth spins us around. It's because the air is being carried around at the same 1,600 kilometer -per-hour speed as ourselves. So there is no relative motion between us and the air. Q:If Earth is turning at around 1,600 kilometers per hour,why can't we see it moving beneath us when we're in an airplane that's going a lot slower? A:Because even when you're flying off to an island to get away from it all, you can't escape being part of "it all." Your airplane is attached to Earth almost as tightly as the mountains below. Since the air is attached to Earth, you might say that weYe all in the same boat,sailing eastward along with the surface of Earth at around 1,600kilometers per hour.
You do, of course, see the ground "moving" beneath you as you fly.But it's your own airplane's motion that you're seeing, not the ground's. It's the same as seeing the trees "speed backward" as you speed along the highway in your car. That's a very important point to realize:there is no such thing as absolute motion. All motion is relative.Nothing can be said to be moving or not moving without specifying"relative to what?" Motion is motion only when it is compared to some independent reference point. To the trees, you and your car are moving, but to you and your car, the trees are moving. Who's right? If you had been born in your car a second ago, you'd believe that it was the trees that were moving, using yourself as a reference point. It is only with experience that we learn to accept reference points outside ourselves.If drivers took themselves as the reference point, the trees would be "moving" every which way at all kinds of speeds,because every person's reference point would be moving in a different direction at a different speed. Stationary trees, however, are much easier to deal with, so we humans have agreed to take the trees and the land they're attached to as our stationary references. But let's stand back and take a bigger view of Earth.When we say that a palm tree at the equator is moving along with the ground at about 1,600 kilometers per hour, we have to ask. "Relative to what?" Well,how about relative to the center of Earth? That's the only point on or inside the whole globe that isn't moving around in circles. In other words, we're taking the center of Earth as our "stationary" reference point. お願いします。
But wait a minute! Let's stand back a little farther.The whole planet is moving around the sun at 17,100 kilometers per hour relative to the center of the sun, which we can take as our new reference point. But the sun itself is moving relative to other stars. And the stars are moving relative to the center of our galaxy. Andourgalaxy.... And on and on and on. お願いします。
和訳お願いします。PRO-VOSOPN P22 You have individuals before creativity. Westerners are much more individual. Japanese lack creativity, but I think education can make the difference. If education is not done correctly, it takes time to develop creativity. In that case, we have to wait for geniuses to appear. Any country can wait. If can make good use of its diligence and develop good educational ideas, the Japanese can be creative too. I’m sure they can be creative in music.
Milestone lesson8-1です。お願いします。 “I’ve had a lot of people die on me,” John Lennon said in 1970. First Julia, then Stuart, finally Brian Epstein. In Yoko Ono he found someone who could take the place of all three. Yoko was seven years older than John, and he looked up to her like a child to its mother. In fact, he often called her “Mother.” In his song for Julia he sings, “Julia, ocean child, calls me…” Yoko’s name means “ocean child” in English. Being an artist, Yoko could take Stuart’s place, too, and help him understand modern art. And as a strong, forceful personality she was able to show John (who always had great difficulty in deciding anything for himself) which way to go, as Brian had. It is impossible to understand John Lennon without understanding his deep love for Yoko. The two had met in 1966, but they did not become lovers until 1968. From then on, they were together twenty-four hours a day. This not only made the other Beatles angry but also shocked many fans, who still saw the Beatles as “nice boys.” They couldn’t forgive John for leaving his English wife and son and living with a foreigner. The press began printing very unkind articles about the couple, saying that Yoko was ugly and that John must be crazy.
MILESTONE 6-1なんですが、どなたか和約教えて下さい。 Shortly after World War U, Percy L. Spencer, electronics genius and war hero, was touring one of his laboratories at the Raytheon Company. Spencer stopped in front of a magnetron. Suddenly he noticed that a candy bar in his pocket had begun to melt. Most of us would have thought that the soft and sticky mess was caused by body heat. But not Spencer. He never took anything for granted. During his thirty-nine years old with Raytheon. He patented 120 inventions. When England was battered by German bombs in the 1940 Battle of Britain, Spencer turned his creative mind toward developing a better version of the British invention radar. His achievements earned him the Distinguished Service Medal, the U.S. Navy's highest honor for civilians. So when this inquisitive and self-educated engineer who never finished grammar school came face to face with a good mystery, he didn't merely wipe the melted chocolate off his hands and ignore the incident. He took the logical next step. He sent for popcorn. Holding the bag of unpopped kernels next to the magnetron, Spencer watched the kernels explode. 以上です。一応見たのですが既出だったらすみません。その場合は是非場所教えて下さい。
Milestone lesson8-2です。お願いします。 John and Yoko married in 1969 and invited reporters to visit them on their "honeymoon" at a famous hotel in Amsterdam. They announced that they would stay in bed for a week as a demonstration for peace. Of course, the world press rushed to Amsterdam. They probably expected John and Yoko to do something shocking, but the newly-married couple were sitting up in bed talking seriously about the need for peace. They gave interviews constantly for a week. The press now wrote that they had both gone completely crazy, but John felt that the "bed-in” had been a success: “In effect, we were doing a commercial for peace on the front page of the papers instead of a commercial for war.” “A lot of people are jeering, aren’t they?” said a reporter. “Not taking you seriously.” John answered, “It’s part of our policy not to be taken seriously… We’re Laurel and Hardy. And we stand a better chance under that guise, because all the serious people like Martin Luther King and Kennedy and Gandhi got shot.” Late in 1969, John and Yoko rented advertising space in big cities all over the world and had posters put up with a “Christmas message” to everyone: WAR IS OVER! IF YOU WANT IT Happy Christmas from John & Yoko.
教科書の英文なんですけど訳お願いしたいんです。 明日までにしないと学校で本当にヤバイことになります・・・。 本当にお助けください。本当に申し訳ないです。 @In Japan,blood type is seen as a window onto a person's personality and an indicator of their health and constitution.It is also a good conversational icebreaker. Skeptics shrug it off as superstition,but supporters are convinced that blood type can predict behavior and may even be used to determine if two people are compatible. Masahiko Nomi is largely responsible for the fascination with blood type in Japan. Nomi's book Ketsuekigata de Wakaru Aisho(Understanding Compatibility from Blood Types) created a lot of interest.The author spent 30 years observing Japanese people and compiling data to prove his theory about the links between blood type and human disposition. AJapan is a particularly intriguing study ground for blood types,with the population breaking down roughly into 30 percent O,40 percent A,20 percent B and 10 percent AB. European and American populations,on the other hand,are mainly a combination of O and A.Nomi felt that the more even distribution of blood types in Japan provided a good opportunity to study a possible link between blood type and personality.
BThe author's son,Toshitaka Nomi,has carried on his father's work with a recent book, Ketsuekigata:Kokoro to Karada ni Kiku Jiten(Blood Type:A Guide for the Body and Soul). Althouth there are only reports from medical practitioners,small surveys and a few studies to go on, Toshitaka's preliminary research has uncovered certain tendencies among the four blood types. “In terms of all-around health,it would appear that O types have an advantage,”he says. For example,Okinawa,the prefecture with the highest average life apan,also has a high percentage of O-type residents(33 percent). “O types have a very positive attitude to life,”explains Toshitaka.“They may really lose their temper,but because they quickly move on,they don't retain too much stress.”At the other end of the spectrum are A types. Typically viewed as high-strung busybodies,they have a tendency to constipation and high blood pressure,maintains Toshitaka.
CThe younger Nomi's studies have led him to conclude that certain blood types may be more resistant to certain illnesses. For example,B types seem less susceptible to cancer.And when they do get cancer,they seem to be better at fighting it,says Toshitaka. Toshitaka is also convinced that blood type can be a predictor of physical ability.He points to data that indicates the 10 most successful power hitters in Japanese baseball history have been neatly divided between O and B blood types.“Only one of Japan's all-time Top 10 home run hitters is an A blood type,while nearly 40 percent of the Japanese population is Ablood type. ” DForeigners arriving in Japan are often intrigued when first asked,“What is your blood type?”Many do not know the answer to the question. “I was asked the question so many times that I decided to find out my blood type,”admits long-term Japan resident Peter McDonald. “I donated some blood and discovered that I am B+[B−positive].Interestingly,a lot of my Japanese friends had predicted this!”
これで以上です。本当に申し訳ございませんがお願いいたします。 EDespite the popularity of the topic in Japan,until very recently no other country has shown interest in linking blood type and personality.Scientists around the world are highly skeptical,and to date not one serious medical investigation has revealed any link whatsoever.And as for conversational icebreakers, Europeans and North Americans still prefer to ask someone,“What's your star sign?”
教科書の文章なんですけど直訳お願いいたします。本当に申し訳ないです。どうしてもわからなくて・・。 “Scanning the Passage ”is the fourth Previewing critical reading skill. In general,scanning means glancing rapidly through a text in oder to search for a specific piece of information.Just like checking the race course before you run in a marathon,it is important that you look over the text before you set about reading. You can estimate how long it will take for you to read the passage,and you can find out what obstacles there will be along the way.By doing this,you will be able to gain an overall view of the passage, and discover what the author wants to emphasize in the text. When you scan a passage,keep the following questions in mind: ・How many paragraphs are there in the passage? ・Which paragraph(s) correspond(s) to the introduction/body/conclusion? ・Are there key words that are repeated or put in hold or in italics?
The curiosity characteristic of Greeks may in turn be explained in part by the location of the Greeks at a crossroads of the world.
They were constantly encountering novel and perplexing people, customs and beliefs.
An obvious consequence of the different practices and beliefs swirling around the Greeks world have been the necessity of dealing with contradiction.
They would have been constantly confronting situations where one person was asserting that A was the case and another was cotending that not-A was the case.
Contradiction coming from the opinions of outsiders, as well as freely expressed contradiction among insider's views, might have led to the development of the art of rational argument.
PROGRESS IN ENGLISH BOOK5のMIGRATIONS OF ANIMALSです。
From the beginning of human history there have been peoples like the gypsies of Europe, the nomads of the desert or the migrant workers of the American southwest that have migrated back and forth in search of food or water or work, or merely following their own whims.
Many Japanese emigrated to Brazil in pursuit of more extensive land.
After World WarU Australia welcomed thousands of European immigrants who, desperate from the experiences of the war that had ravaged their homeland, flocked to her shores with a view to beginning a new life.
(In passing, let it be mentioned that, strictly speaking, to “emigrate” is to leave a country for good; to “immigrate” is to enter and take up permanent residence in a new country; and to “migrate” is to move to and fro periodically within a definite area.)
The migration of animals is a better-known and yet much more mysterious phenomenon.
It goes without saying that among animals birds are best-known and farthest-roving migrants.
Birds that live on insects cannot survive the winter months in the north and so are driven by instinct to go to the Tropics or still farther south to the Temperate Zone of the southern continents.
What is particularly mysterious is the punctuality and inerrancy of their migrations.
What mysterious biological calendar and map are these winged creatures born with?
What strange power impels them to leave their summer home within two or three weeks of the same day each year to seek an unseen winter home thousands of miles away?
And the same marvelous instinct then drives them to return to the identical field or wood where they were born─and to arrive so punctually that the date of their return can often be predicted to within a single week, if not to the very day.
Unicorn lesson3-1 One morning in April 1995, I sat down at the breakfast table as usual to read the comics in the news paper. But I didn't make it past the front page. One big headline caught my eye:"Child Laborer", Boy,12,Twelve, about the same age as I was.I could hardly believe the story. After school I went to the public library to study the problem of child labor. I found a few newspaper articles:children younger than me working hard in coal mines; others injured or killed by explosions at fireworks factories. Why was nothing being done to stop such terrible things?l As I walked home through my middleclass neighborhood,my thoughts were on the other side of the world. And my own world seemed a little darker.
D 貧困は想像以上にひどかった。深い絶望を感じる人もいた。けれど、そういう感情は別な 方向へと向かわなければならないと思う。僕には絶望を感じるのではなくて行動を起こそうと呼びかける声が聞こえる。僕は最初にイクバルのことを読んだときからずっとこの行動への呼びかけを聞き続けてきた。この呼びかけが僕を後押ししてきた。世界中で人権を 求める労働者たちを突き動かすのも、きっとこれと同じ行動への小さな呼びかけであるに 違いない(←世界中で労働者に人権を求めようという気を起こさせるのも、これと同じ行 動への小さな呼びかけであるに違いない)。 僕たちは何百万人もの子供たちが暴力的で危険な環境の中で無理やり働かされているとい う事実から目を背けてはならない。僕は僕が会ってきた子供たちみんなの苦しみを世界に 広く伝えようと思う。世界の市民の一員として、僕たちは皆お互いに責任を負っている。 「私達は私達が見たいと思うような変化でなくてはならない」とガンジーは言った。 その変化は私達一人ひとりの内側から始まり、そして子供たち皆が自由に子供らしく生き られるようになるまで(←そして子供たち皆が自由に子供でいられるようになるまで)終 わることはないだろう。// *ガンジーのセリフ 「私達は私達が見たいと思うような変化でなくてはならない」は 「私達が見本となり行動を起こさなければならない」…くらいの意味だと思う 参考:Mahatma Gandhi once said that we must be the change we want to see, which means we need to set the examples and start the processes towards action now.
Secondly, the spiritual authority against which the Puritans had been revolting from their emergence in the sixteenth century was that of the Popes in the time of the Italian Renaissance.
They may seem to have been at one with Henry [ and his claim to be Supreme Head of the Church in England.
But the opposition of neither Henry nor Elizabeth to the Pope was of such a radical nature.
Otherwise, they were content to maintain the traditional structure of church government under bishops and priests, and to continue the traditional ceremonies after they had been duly translated into English.
They looked to the ideal of revolution as it had been set afoot by Martin Luther in Germany. Ironically, this revolution had earlier been opposed by Henry [, in his book "Assertio Septem Sacramentorum" (七秘跡擁護論)(1521), for which he had been rewarded by the grateful Pope Leo X with the title of "Fidei Defensor(信仰の擁護者)" - Defender of the Faith.
The religious changes he had instituted were set in a Protestant direction.
Now the ideas came not only from Luther, who still had some respect for mediaeval tradition, but also from Calvin, who called for a radical break with that tradition in the name of the Bible alone. It was now to the latter that the Elizabethan Puritans looked for their inspiration, in rejecting not only the authority of the Pope but all the practices of the mediaeval Church as well, such as weren't explicitly allowed by the Bible.
In developing during the Middle Ages, these practices seemed to have increasingly departed from the original ideal of Christ as shown in the New Testament; and it was on this ideal that the Puritans took their firm stand, no less against the King than against the Pope.
Here we may find the principal source of Puritan inspiration.
It was a destructive ideal, in so far as they demanded the destruction of everything they regarded as a corruption of the divine Word.
For them it was the Bible against the Church, and against that mediaeval society which they thought had been corrupted by the Church.
Tadao Ando is one ofJapan's best known and most respected architects. His work is admired around the world. And yet Ando does not think of himself as a success.In fact, the title he chose for his recent book is Losing Battle after Battle.How did this man,who had never received formal education in architecture, become a famous architect? Why does he feel he is "losing battle after battle"?
Section1 THE GRAND TOUR Tadao Ando is one of the most famous architects that Japan has ever produced and he has received a number of prizes for his works.You might be surprised to learn, therefore,that he studied architecture by himself. He did not go to college; he did not have any teachers; on top of that,he did not have anybody to discuss architecture with. Instead, he traveled around the world to visit historic buildings, which helped him appreciate Western architecture. In the 17th and 18th centuries, young people in England often took a "grand tour," traveling around Europe, especially to Rome, in order to train and educate themselves.The young Ando's travel to Europe and America was his grand tour and it had a lasting impact on what he is today. According to Ando, first-hand experience is valuable in creating good architecture. With new technology, we can get a lot of information about places even on the other side of the earth. He believes, however,that an architect must "experience" the actual place - by visiting it,by feeling the air, by touching the material,and by listening to the echo of voices. He seems to have gained this belief during his grand tour. 和訳ぉねがぃします☆
Section2 FACING CHALLENGE In 1969, after his return from his grand tour, he opened a small office in Osaka, but he had little work to do. It was around this time that he became interested in building with concrete because it was one of the cheapest materials. Some people even used to say that Ando was obsessed with concrete, but he continued to study how he could make it more beautiful. In 1976, Ando made his striking debut as an architect by designing the Row House in Sumiyoshi, Osaka, for which he won one of the most important awards in the world of architecture in Japan. The Row House is unique in that it is completely cut off from the street. The inside is closed to the outside, yet it has an open court in the middle, where people can feel "nature" directly. Ando says, "What I wanted to do was to make a concrete box and to create a little world inside it. It is simple but it has many different spaces, closed but dramatized by light. It was such an image that I sought to develop." Putting nature into architecture is very important to Ando because he believes we can experience nature in that way. 和訳ぉねがぃします☆
In 1987, Ando was asked to design a church in Ibaraki, Osaka. It was a challenge because the budget was so limited. Almost 60 percent of the total had to be spent for materials. Ando had to begin by finding a construction company that could work with him for little profit, but it was not easy; it was the time of the "bubble economy" and construction companies preferred working with less constraint on budget.Ando welcomed the challenge, however. He is convinced that creativity is born when new ideas meet reality. A beautiful church could - and would - be built no matter how small the budget was. He knew that the interior of the church had to be simple, but he had to find a way to make the simplicity profoundly beautiful. Above all Ando was concerned with simplicity and light. The memories and images of Quaker meeting halls, the Pantheon, the Chapel of Ronchamp and the Abbey of Senanque were always in his mind. Several months later, he hit upon an idea of making a cross by using natural light.Despite all the challenges, he succeeded in creating the Church of Light in 1989 and won a prize for this work. 和訳ぉねがぃします☆
Section3 WIN SOME,LOSE SOME In 1991,Ando entered a major international competition for designing a new railway station for Kyoto. After long research, he came up with a design that would change the look of the city, which was divided by the Tokaido Line,both in terms of function and scenery.The plan he developed would connect the north and the south by building two glass gates where Kyoto Station stands today. Below those gates would be a huge grass-covered stage, which would be open to the public 24 hours a day. People would be able to see the Tou-ji temple in the south and the Hongan-ji temple in the north. As a matter offact, the two glass gates were never built. Ando lost the "battle." Ando knows that an architect's role in society is to design new buildings and spaces. He believes, however,that repairing and reviving old buildings is even more important. He followed this belief when he was asked to turn an old library in Tokyo into the International Library of Children's Literature. Again it was a real challenge. Building an entirely new library would have been much easier, but Ando never gave up.He came up with an idea of contrasting the old and new by putting new large glass boxes into the old building so that we could feel a "dialog" between them. The long, wide corridor outside the old building would be used as a space like an engawa, where children visiting the library could relax and read their favorite books. Also he improved the old building by putting an earthquake-resistant structure under the old building so that it could take the shock of earthquakes. These changes have brought new energy to the old building, giving it another 100 or even 200 years of lite. 和訳ぉねがぃします☆
Section4 WINING IN THE END Today Ando is in constant competition with top architects all around the world. He knows that a masterpiece is born only when dreams are subjected to constraints. If you are facing difficulties, you have to think about how to overcome them by asking yourself questions: What do you want to do? What shouldyou do? What can you do? Ando says that architecture is a battle. He often feels that he is losing one battle after another. But many people hope - and believe - that Ando and his ideas will win in the end. 長くてすみませんm(__)m和訳ぉねがぃします☆
PRO-VISION ENGLISH READING P24 訳お願いします。 I can’t tell what will happen in the 21st century, but I think there will be no West and East and no countries. Even though there will be different faces and hair colors, many things will be mixed up. If cultures mix, what remains is the individual. What you like, what you think and what you do become very important. Countries lose importance. There will be no West and East. The Yamada born in China, raised in Japan with Japanese citizenship, is no longer important. What matters is myself as an individual. When I go to foreign countries or teach in Japan, I always say that music is the international language.
*今なおいっそう不思議な現象です→それでいてなお一層不思議な現象です D しかしながら移動する動物は鳥だけではありません。昆虫から魚、哺乳類まで多くの種の 動物もまた移動性です。 E バッタやイナゴの移動も聖書の時代から知られています。これらの昆虫の大きな大群が食 料を飽かず(←絶えず・容赦なく)求めて移動し、道々食べられる物はすべて食べ尽くして 通った後には荒れ地(←不毛な土地)しか残しません。農民がそれらを恐ろしい災難だと 感じるのは言うまでもありません。 F サケの移動もその知名度の高さに劣らず不思議です。山の小川で卵からかえったあと海へ と下っていき、数年後、卵を産むために自分の生まれたまさにその小川へと戻ってくるの です(←まさに自分の生まれた小川で卵を産むために戻ってくるのです)。 G これに反してウナギはバミューダ諸島と西インド諸島の間の海の深いところで卵からかえ り、その後ヨーロッパか北アメリカの川へと数百マイルを移動しますが、どっちへ移動す るかは親の出身地域によって決まります(←それは親がどちらの地域から来たかによって 決まります)。そして淡水で五年から二十年生きたあと彼らは海の深みへと戻り、卵を産み、 死にます。
FSome people will do almost anything to get a tan. Sometimes they will lie on beaches that are so crowded that people can't walk to the water. They may burn their skin until it is red and painful. But when they go home, everyone can see that they have been away. And perhaps they feel younger and more healthy. So the tourist's pleasure continues after his return home.
GHolidays are not just for pleasure. They are also a very important business nowadays. Tourists bring very large amounts of foreign money to the countries they visit. This has had an important effect on the economy of many countries, and some countries need the tousist trade very much.
HIn Spain there are about forty million visitors each year-equal to the number of inhabitants! In the main tourist countries, the jobs of thousands of people depend on tourism, and tourism often brings jobs to areas where there is little other work.
ISometimes tourism makes prices rise a lot. Local people cannot get flats or houses because they can be let to tourists for much more money. Shops can charge more for food and other things. Moreover, the jobs that tourism creates are in the main only for summer. During the winter the hotels stand empty, and there may be no other work. Beaches and other beautiful places are sometimes spoiled by tall hotels, large roads and buildings.
JAlthough there are sometimes problems, the world traffic of tourists grows and grows. Every year there are new places to visit. Perhaps we will soon be able to purchase tickets to the moon.
>157 >157 Secondly, the spiritual authority (against which the Puritans had been revolting/ from their emergence in the sixteenth century)was that of the Popes in the time of the Italian Renaissance. >第二に、清教徒が16世紀に出現してから反乱を起こしていた精神上の権威はイタリアル ネッサンス期のローマ教皇のそれだった。 >彼らはヘンリー8世と、彼のイングランドの教会のSupreme Headであるという主張と一 体となってきたように見えるかも知れない。 >しかしローマ教皇に対するヘンリーやエリザベスの反対はいずれもそれほど過激な物で はなかった。 >さもなければ彼らは司教や司祭のもとで教会の伝統的構造の統治を維持し、それらが英語 に十分に訳された後も伝統的な儀式を続けて満足した。 >彼らはドイツでルターが革命を企てたときにその理想に注目した。皮肉にもこの革命は以 前ヘンリー8世が著書「七秘跡擁護論」(1521)の中で反対していたが、それによって彼は Pope Leo Xに「信仰の擁護者」の称号によって報いられた。
ユニコーンUのレッスン3の訳お願いします! @ One morning in April 1995, I sat down at the breakfast table as usual to read the comics in the newspaper. But I didn’t make it past the front page. One big headline caught my eye:“Child Laborer, boy 12, Murdered.” It was a shock. Twelve, about the same age as I was. I could hardly believe the story.
Child Laborer, boy 12, Murdered. ISLAMABAD, Pakistan (AD)-from 4 to 12 years old, Iqbal Masih was forced to work at a carper-weaving factory. After he was free, he started a worldwide campaign against child labor. On Sunday, he was shot dead. Some people believe he was murdered by someone who had warned him to him to stop his activities.
After school I went to the public library to study the problem of child labor. I found a few newspaper articles: children younger than me working hard in coal mines; others injured or killed by explosions at fireworks factories. Why was nothing being done to stop such terrible things? As I walked home through my middle-class neighborhood, my thoughts were on the other side of the world. And my own world seemed a little darker.
教科書の文章なんですけど,訳お願いできますか?困ってます・・・。 @Anne Fagan was riding in an elevator in a shopping mall when two men pointed a gun at her head. Anne fought off her attackers’attempts to rape her,and she escaped. However,she continues to have awful nightmares about that terrifying day.Although the attack occurred several years ago, Anne is still unable to enter an elevator.Doctors tell Anne that she is suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder,or PTSD. This is the same disorder that affects soldiers dealing with the horrors of battle, survivors of earthquakes,or victims recovering from torture.Similarly,many people who escaped the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11,2001,are affected by PTSD. A“Some memories can be very disruptive.They may stop you from leading a normal life,as you may have flashbacks at any time These are like nightmares,even though you are awake,”says Roger Pitman,a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. “For instance,people involved in severe road accidents may feel very upset when they hold a steering wheel.If this is the case, they may never be able to drive again.” BScientists have a pretty good idea of what causes this disorder.When a person experiences a traumatic event,the body releases adrenaline, a stress hormone that prepares the body to run from or attack an aggressor.Adrenaline affects an area of the brain involved in fear and memory. “The same adrenaline that makes you run fast also has the ability to strengthen your memory,”says Dr.Pitman.“However,this mechanism is often too effective. Sufferers of PTSD may have trouble letting go of these strong memories.”
これで以上です。すみませんがお願いします。 CScientists at Harvard University are developing a pill to lessen the brain's reaction to traumatic events. Pitman's team has been experimenting with propranolol,a drug that blocks the action of adrenaline. “We figured that we could give people propranolol to affect the memory before it becomes too deeply set in the brain,” explains Pitman.The doctor is quick to point out that the drug does not cause people to remember things differently,just less vividly. This sounds like a very beneficial development,but not everyone is convinced that propranolol is a good idea. Geraldine Scaratti,a counselor at the Boston Area Rape Crisis Center,is concerned about the use of the pill. Scaratti,who sees about 400 rape cases a year,says it is important for women to feel in control when they are recovering from a sexual assault. “Taking the drug propranolol means that the victim gives up control over their memories.That's not a good thing,” points out Scaratti.“Moreover,anyone who took this medicine could be in trouble in a legal case. Lawyers may argue that the drug has altered the woman's memory about the assault,”worries Scaratti. DOthers fear that the pill will be used more casually,perhaps to forget a bad date or a lousy day at work. “Let's say that I'm in a business meeting with a client and my manager.I make a fool of myself and lose the deal. I decide to take something to help me forget my embarrassment.That way I can be more confident when I go into the office the next day,” says Stephen Moore,co-director of Stanford University's Center for Biomedical Ethics. “I'd say that was a misuse of science.”
PROGRESS BOOK6の“POVERTY:ITS KINDS AND CAUSES”です。()の中に適する語を選んで和訳しなくてはいけないのですが、よく解らなくて困っています。どなたか和訳よろしくお願いします。
@To be poor is believed by many who are, and most who are not, to be an upleasant thing.
If there is a difference of opinion here between the rich and the poor, it is the depth of feeling on the subject, something on which practical experience will be thought to heighten sensibility, (A) this is not wholly certain.
There is a strong possibility that in many societies the poor react to their economic situation with less anxiety than do the rich.
>>220の続きです。 ATwo forms of poverty can be distinguished. There is that which afflicts the few or, in any case, the minority in some societies. And there is the poverty that afflicts all but a few in other societies.
BThe causes of (B) kind of poverty, that of the poor individual or family in the predominantly affluent community, have been much investigated and debated.
(B):(1)a better (2)another (3)the first (4)the second
What characteristics ─moral, genetic, familial, environmental, educational, racial, social, hygienic─ cause some persons to (C) the general well-being?
This, the cause of minority poverty, remains a question of considerable importance.
Study has yet to produce general agreement.
There remains even a residue of thought which holds that those who suffer were divinely intended for their fate or have been accorded the suffering that, from personal deficiency, thex righteously deserve. But this is not the kind of poverty with which I am here concerned.
(C):(1)be excluded from (2)benefit from (3)promote (4)suffer from
Hey granny..sorry mom. Are you gonna go to somewhere for gumbling? You know what time it is now, don't you? Hi yourself, your appearance was dramatically changed, I didn't notice you. your hair was really grown up, wasn't it? (keep silences... while short term) Hey...your eyes. As if you just killed somebody few minutes ago... Not really, that must be the story long times ago. Now it might be my turn, like deffenceless. Stop it, "Adonis". You have an good-looking, you only better adjust yourself. Did you get yhin again? You need some money? I don't want you to give me your kindness so much. I thought you already knew that I ain't genuine. Am I right? Yeah? So, you shouldn't be crying "Adonis". I don't want it, shut it. I wanna say you " Shut it, drop it off, you damned old lady, What the hell do you think who you are? Do ya think you'er gonna be able to understand me? The hell you won't". But I can't....though I only met you twice....stop it,, Everybody is living thair honest life, so I want to stay being alone. I know, you also shouldn't be crying. You just give a shape to yourself and make yourself steady. That should be nice, you "Adonis". Drop it off, shut it. I do wanna finish this, cause i really feel hard as you can't imagine. But i don't feel like talking this with you. I wanna tell this to young girl who has beauty and has favor to me vaguely or inocently. After I'd tell her my story, I hope I'll finish this. ,,,,,,,You look so nice "Maki". if i was thirty years younger than I am . How many times should I tell you the same thing? Stop it, granny ...mom. Never speak to me again, I'm liar. I want to be alone. I'm ashamed of being alive,,,,,.
「Hey granny..sorry mom. Are you gonna go to somewhere for gumbling? You know what time it is now, don't you?」 「Hi yourself, your appearance was dramatically changed, I didn't notice you. your hair was really grown up, wasn't it? (keep silences... while short term)」 「Hey...your eyes. As if you just killed somebody few minutes ago...」 「Not really, that must be the story long times ago. Now it might be my turn, like deffenceless.」 「Stop it, "Adonis". You have an good-looking, you only better adjust yourself. Did you get yhin again? You need some money?」 「I don't want you to give me your kindness so much. I thought you already knew that I ain't genuine. Am I right?」 「Yeah? So, you shouldn't be crying "Adonis".」 「I don't want it, shut it. I wanna say you " Shut it, drop it off, you damned old lady, What the hell do you think who you are? Do ya think you'er gonna be able to understand me? The hell you won't". But I can't....though I only met you twice....stop it,, Everybody is living thair honest life, so I want to stay being alone.」 「I know, you also shouldn't be crying. You just give a shape to yourself and make yourself steady. That should be nice, you "Adonis".」 「Drop it off, shut it. I do wanna finish this, cause i really feel hard as you can't imagine. But i don't feel like talking this with you. I wanna tell this to young girl who has beauty and has favor to me vaguely or inocently. After I'd tell her my story, I hope I'll finish this.」 「,,,,,,,You look so nice "Maki". if i was thirty years younger than I am .」 「How many times should I tell you the same thing? Stop it, granny ...mom. Never speak to me again, I'm liar. I want to be alone. I'm ashamed of being alive,,,,,. 」
i suppose there's a way to make the answer "i bought may coat" correct, but you really have to use your imagination.
suddenly, you see it. Your coat! In this situation, you could say " i bought my coat". Of course, this is an outrageous example. If it ever happens, call the polece. Don't buy your coat.
Be sure to lock your door and windows when you go out=this textbook valuable.
One who instigates the prosecution upon which an accused is arrested or who prefers an accusation against the party whom they suspect to be guilty,as does a district,country,or state’s attorney on behalf of the state,or a United States Attorney for a federal district on behalf of the US goverment.
However,to achieve public office and work for the State judiciary,as a notary or judge,for example,graduate lawyers must compete for places through public examinations and then attend judicial school for two years. They then may be appointed as civil servants anywhere in the country.
PROGRESS IN ENGLISH BOOK5のLesson9 Ex.19「TIME AND THE MACHINE」です。
Time, as we know it, is a very recent invention. The modern time-sense is hardly older than the United States. It is a by-product of the Industrial Revolution. What synthetic perfumes and artificial fibers are in the material line, this new sense of time is in the psychological line.
Time is our tyrant. We are acutely aware of the moving minute hand, even of the moving second hand. We have to be. For there are trains to be caught, clocks to be punched, tasks to be done in specified periods, records to be broken by fractions of seconds, machines that set the pace and have to be kept up with. Our consciousness of the minutest units of time has indeed become acute. To us, for example, the moment 8:17 a.m. means something─something of great importance if it happens to be the starting time of our daily train. To our ancestors, such an odd eccentric instant was without significance; it did not so much as exist.
In inventing the locomotive Watt was part inventor of time.
Another time-emphasizing factor is the factory and its dependent, the office. Factories exist for the purpose of getting certain quantities of goods made in a certain time. The old artisan worked as it suited him, with the result that consumers generally had to wait for the goods they had ordered from him. The factory is a device for making workmen hurry. The machine revolves so often each minute; so many movements have to be made, so many pieces produced each hour. Result: the factory worker(and the same is true of the office worker) is compelled to know time in its smallest fractions. In the handwork age there was no such compulson to be aware of minutes and seconds.
Now let's take a brief look at the history of Aborigines. In 1988, Australia celebrated 200 years of settlement, but Aborigines had little to celebrate. "Discovered" around 1700, Aborigines were pushed out of their land, called "savages," and even killed.
Between 1910 and 1971 the government took thousands of Aboriginal children from their families and brought them up in white communities. It was hoped that they would be educated and "civilized." However, this plan ended up only destroying their traditions. The fact that they were cut off from the land meant a lot for them, because the land is where their people's spirit and soul had been grounded.
Archie Roach, a popular Aboriginal musician, sings about the pain of this "Stolen Generation" :
The sun is round, the moon is round - your life journey goes round in a circle too. But, if the circle is broken, then you don't know which way to go. You're drifting in space, you're nowhere.
In recent years there has been a movement to bring Aborigines and other Australians together. Since the 1970s large areas of land have been returned to Aboriginal control. Uluru, or Ayers Rock, is example. As more Australians come to learn and appreciate Aboriginal culture, they want to compensate Aborigines for what happened in the past.
Aboriginal art can be seen as a way to overcome pain and discrimination and express the meaning of life. It is an art of living.
教育出版 ONE WORLD ENGLISH READING LESSON3 part1の以下の文を、どなたか和訳して下さい。お願いします。
Suddenly,the two wolves stopped. The fight was over and the winner was decided. The older wolf had his mouth very close to the neck of the younger. The younger wolf,the loser,held his head down and exposed his neck,the most vulnerable part of his body,to the older. The sharp teeth of the older wolf were so close to the neck of the younger that it looked like he was going to tear into it at any moment. When the two wolves were fighting,they only showed their teeth to each other and did not expose their necks at all. But once the fight was over,the loser seemed willing to offer his neck to the winner. Just one bite by the older wolf would have killed him on the spot.
Our awareness of time has reached such a pitch of intensity that we suffer acutely whenever our travels take us into some corner of the world where people are not interested in minutes and seconds.
The lack of interest in punctuality in the Orient (with the notable exception of Japan) is appalling to those who come freshly from a land of fixed mealtimes and regular train service.
For a modern American or Englishman, waiting is a psychological torture.
An indian accepts the blank hours with resignation, not to say satisfaction.
Our notion of time as a collection of minutes, each of which must be filled with some business or amusement, is wholly alien to the Oriental today just as it was wholly alien to the Greek.
For the man who lives in a pre-industrial world, time moves at a slow and easy pace.
He does not care about each minute, for the good reason that he has not been made conscious of the existence of minutes.
Z会出版、TREASURE ENGLISH SERIES grade5 の Lesson5-1です 和訳よろしくお願いします。
More than 500,000 foreign students come to the United States annually to pursue their dreams of education. They come for university degrees both undergraduate and graduate. Others come as exchange students staying in the U.S.for a year or so, living with a family and attending a high school. In addition, many students come for summer vacation combined with a course of study (usually English). American universities and collages have evolved over some four hundred years from elite institutions for the wealthy or clergy to more egalitarian places of learning. Awareness of the evolution of the American system of higher education is helpful to international students in understanding the underlying attitudes of Americans towards their feeling of rights to an education. There are a variety of reasons why a student might was to leave his or her home country to study in the United States. One reason is choice. There are over 3,500 institutions of higher education in the United Statdes. These range from small liberal arts colleges (which emphasize the Humanities) enrolling anywhere from 500 students to large comprehensive institutions with more than 52,000 students (e.g., University of Texas at Austin). A student therefore can experience college life in quite different ways depending on the size of the institution and its location. Students can ]attend a large university in a city such as Madison, Wisconsin (population 208,000) and have quite a different experience from a student who attends a small university in New York City (population 8,086,000). Why? Because in Madison, Wisconsin, the university with as many as 42,000 students, dominates the town whereas in New York City, the City dominates all other entities.
>>318の続きです。 The Alzhemer's Association estimates that half of the population of the United States over 85 years old has Alzhemer's. Unfortunately,people younger than that often come down with Alzhemer's too.
>>319の続きです。 In recent years scientists have been having lots of success with new way to treat Alzheimer's. One of the most important things in its treatment is early detection. It is important that doctors treat the disease early in hopes that full Alzheimer's doesn't develop. Now doctors can scan patients' brains to look for early sings of Alzheimer's. Using this technology,doctors can at least delay the disease. However,they still cannot prevent it. Progress is begin made on new drugs that are being tested on animals. The drug attacks clusters of proteins in the brain,which cause Alzheimer's. However,safe and effective new drugs are at least ten years away.
>>324の続きです。 Until new drugs and treatments are developed,there are things that we can do to help prevent Alzheimer's. Many tests have shown that regular intake of vitamins C and E help prevent the disease. When both vitamins C and E are taken together,they are even more effective. Folic acid is also good,found in leafy vegetables such as spinach. Regular mind exercises are known to be helpful. You can keep the brain active with crossword puzzles,playing chess or just reading. Learning a new skill,such as a foreign language,challenges the brain and also helps keep it healthy.
UNICORNTのサイトが閉鎖になったので泣いています。ここの神様に頼るしかありません。 よろしくおねがいします。 L4、P3 This morning after breakfast,I walked to the ferry near Bowness.The ferry took me across the lake and I walked up the road thruogh the beautiful hills. After about 20 minutes,I left the road and walked across the wide,green fields. The air was clean and cool. At Hill Top the house and its surroundings are kept just as they were when Beatrix Potter wroteherhistories nearly 100 years ago.Everything I saw,a bush or a tree, looked just like in her books.When I looked at the house,Tom KItten was walking out thefront of door.In the gift shop,I bought a Pater Rabbit cup for my sister and a bag for my mother.I`ll send you one of the lovely cards I bought there.I hope you`ll like it. I had shepherd`s pie for lunchi in a village pub. It was delicious.
L4,P4 After dinner at my hotel,most of the people stayed in the dining room to drink tea. The atmosphere was warm and friendly.We talked about things suchi as Beatrix Potter and her stories.Iasked the owner of the hotel,"How havePotter'shouse and the Lake District beenprotected so well for many yeas?"He told me all about the National Trust- a private organization to protect places of histric interest or natural beauty in Britain.One thing I found interesting was the Trust's motto,"One pound from a million people rather than a million pounds from one."He told me that Potter bought a lot of land and left all of it to the Trust.But she asked the Trust to keep the land just as it was when she gave it.Potter was a great woman,wasn't she? Looking forward to seeing you in September,Makoto
As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe - sun - baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them ''pueblos,'' which is Spanish for towns.
The people of the pueblos raised what are called ''the three sisters'' - corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zumi brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.
@The world is moving. And nowhere in the past has there been such an opportunity to move toward a truly democratic, free and human world order. We are still at the beginning of the road to this goal. The dangers are great at a time when the demons of nationalism are reviving. The stability of the international system is being put to the test by the global challenge to mankind's very existence.
AThere are two questions that we must constantly ask ourselves. Are we assessing the changes in the world correctly? And how can we find a common denominator for our assessment, in order to build a coordinated world policy?
Of course, states are structuring their foreign policies on their national interests, including the interests of their own security.
But it must never be forgotten that in conditions of an unprecedentedly high degree of global interdependence, one nation's interests are inevitably balanced with the interests of other nations.
プログレス6 6Toward a new world order 新しい世界秩序に向かって @世界は動いています。これまで本当に民主的な、自由な、人間らしい世界秩序に向かっ て動くような機会はどこにもありませんでした。私達はまだこの目的地に向かって歩き始 めたばかりです(←私達はまだこの目的地への道の始めにいます)。国粋主義という悪魔が よみがえったときは危険は巨大なものとなります。国際体制の安定性はまさに人類の存在 に対する地球規模の難題によってその真価が問われています。…
The difference between these expressions is interesting in a number of ways, but the most obvious is that the Japanese does not say very much at all overtly.
BNo nation, however powerful, can remove itself from global problems, nor put its trust in the authority of its physical might.
The unrest and the breakout of conflicts indifferent quarters of the globe emphasize only too clearly the importance of the role of the United Nations.
The roots of humanity's troubles lie very deep, and there are no simple prescriptions for over coming them, no matter how brilliant the prescribing doctor is.
CFor all of us, changes lie ahead─in consciousness, in relations between people, between nations, and in their attitude toward Nature.
A reassessment of values opened the road for deep transformations in Soviet Russia.
Likewise, in America the values of individualism and exclusivity will demand adjustment on the threshold of the 21st century.
At the same time she must preserve those qualities that have made her great: her fidelity to democracy, her love of freedom, her spirit of discovery, her characteristic generosity and readiness to help others.
Every nation, and the most powerful more than others, must make a constructive contribution to the effort of the United Nations to strengthen international law and order and to solve global problems.//
The way of life of less-settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today's Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou.
The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and the covering of their tents and tipis.
(1) People all over the world worry, and they worry about all sorts of things.
Students worry about their grades, athletes worry about games, businessmen worry about meetings and promotions, investors worry about their money, and on and on and on.
(2) On the one hand, worrying is a rather understandable activity.
After all, it is perfectly natural to be concerned about matters that affect ourselves and our futures.
However, at the same time, there is probably nothing that is more counterproductive than worrying.
Nobody ever accomplished anything by worrying, and worry itself can easily lead to a number of problems, including fatigue, loss of sleep, excess eating, and an overall loss of concentration.
And, of course, as we all know, in extreme cases worrying can even result in serious emotional and physical problems.
(3) As such, to state the obvious, it would be nice not to worry so much.
But how can people learn to relax and take things in stride?
There probably isn't an easy answer to this question.
However, one good way to approach this problem is to take the problems and concerns that we have and to try to put them into a reasonable perspective.
This is what many experts advise, and indeed when we think carefully about the problems and potential problems that cause us concern and make us lose sleep, we can see that they are, for the most part, both trivial and temporary in nature.
(4) A few years ago, I read something in a book that really made me think.
The author noted that in terms of time, one hundred years really isn't all that long.
However, he went on to point out that all of the problems that we worry about become utterly meaningless after a period of one hundred years.
This may be an obvious point, but thinking in such terms is actually a nice way to gain some perspective.
>>372 「"Sakamoto""Osa"”和訳”」の三つでググル ↓ 「Lesson8 “Zero Landmine” C和訳 >> Redglare: I understand the money ...Lesson8 “Zero Landmine” C和訳 >> Redglare: I understand the money from the CD is Redglare:このCDによって得たお金は、 being given ... Sakamoto:そうです。 そして私 たちは、多くの人々の支持を受けています。 (Cut to video clip of Osa Yukie) ... file.gotchan.nobody.jp/english2/Lesson8-4.txt - 4k - 補足結果 - キャッシュ - 関連ページ」 これがでてくるから右下のキャッシュをクリック →lesson8の4が見れる
He was the father of a large family, a leading humanist of his time, an eminent lawyer who rose to the position of Lord Chancellor(大法官) of England. He was a man who was accustomed to seeing both sides of a question, and to keeping a balance between them, so long as there was something to be said for either side.
Of course, he recognized the human faults of many representives of the Church, priests and monks and friars, as they had been recognized before him by such mediaeval poets as Chaucer and Langland; but they did not lead him to a rejection of the Church herself.
When he found the Church herself being attacked, he came out strongly in her defence.
The new insistence on simplicity of worship, on the Bible as the sole rule of faith, on the importance of translating the Bible into English - these ideas he saw as subversive of the common good and leading to the overthrow of law and order in the kingdom. As for the exponents of these ideas, he saw them as serious young men, like Tyndale and Roper, men of a single vision. Such men all too easily become fanatics, ready to destroy whatever stands in the way of their ideas.
When he turn to the writings of William Shakespeare in the subsequent reign of Queen Elizabeth, we find a certain blurring in the confrontation.
For him, it seems, the drama was a welcome refuge from the real tragedy of contemporary England; and in his plays he readily turned to distant lands and remote ages. Yet he speaks, like More in prison, if only by his silence.
Thus in his sonnets, many of them composed when he was about the age of thirty, he presents himself as an old man, weary of life in a harsh world. He thinks of himself as in the late autumn or twilight of life, and even compares his appearance to that of "bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang". For he speaks, not only for himself, but with all the majesty and melancholy of buried England.
Even while portraying the mistakes and faults of the past, he maintains the ideal of legitimacy and tradition, and uncovers the hidden evil of selfish ambition.
He leads us to sympathize with Brutus as an individual, while condemning his deed as misguided.
but he is too convinced of his own nobility and rightness of judgment, and so in him (as we say) "pride comes before a fall". Such is the balanced view of human life that was also the aim of Sir Thomas More as a Christian humanist, before the lamentable spirit of controversy and division was introduced into the body of Christendom.
For anyone trying to get in shape and stay healthy a daily does of exercise and a well-balanced diet are priorities. But studies show that while we work hard at working out,we don't work hard enough at getting the proper nutrition. And for a growing number of Americans,natural supplements are becoming a regular part of their routine.
The increase in the usage of botanical medicines is very obvious. And a lot of this is media driven and also the fact that people want to feel self-empowered and take control of their health.
With wider availability and acceptance of natural supplements many,in the nutraceutical industry are concerned that there isn't enough information and quality control available to help consumers make informed choices.
>>393の続きです。 Quality-control issues are critical in the United States. Quality assurance and production processes,OK,have very weak standards in theUnited States, and those standards aren't many times adhered to. So what happens is we have people producing things that really not backing it up with good clinical testing.
And clinical testing helps ensure accurate labeling for the consumer. With more than $33 billion being spent each year on supplements some developers are trying to improve the manufacturing process.
Once the tablets are manufactured we again analyze it,and we extract the tablet and make sure that,yes,it has the necessary amount of the particular plant extract.
>>394の続きです。 While recent studies show that approximately 42% of Americans have tried alternative supplements in the last year alone,many people are still unsure about how to take them. It's something many in the industry feel could be helped with better regulation.
The reason why there isn't better regulation in the United States is that the FDA's trying to play catch-up,really. The good manufacturing practices that pertain to herbal medicines really haven't been set forth yet. They are expecting by 2010 that adverse event monitoring programs will be better,that they'll have good manufacturing practices set up more,and they'll be enforcing it more.
While most of the world's population has been using nature's pharmacy for centuries many people are just now becoming acquainted with ancient remedies hoping to improve their modern life-styles.
本当に困っています。お助けください・・・。急いでいて焦ってます,,,。本当にすみません。お願いいたします。 @In our increasingly global world,it is a great asset to be able to speak more than one language. The greater your command of languages,the easier it will be for you to compete in the workforce. Naturally,enlightened schools and parents are anxious that children learn a second language.In Japan, the U.S. and Britain,for example,schoolchildren are introduced to a second language at around the age of 12. In multilingual Europe,children begin language programs at an earlier age.In Luxembourg,Norway and Malta,for example, children start at 6.Many countries in Asia start young,too. Thailand and China introduce English to children at 6 or 7 years old. Until recently in Japan,only private schools introduced language learning at an elementary level,but now some public elementary schools are introducing English―as well as Chinese,French,German and Korean―to 7‐year‐olds.And many ambitious parents sign their kids up for lessons with a foreign teacher.But Lorrie Peach,an American banker in Japan,questions this approach. She saw a notice at her local supermarket:“Teacher required to teach English to children age 1 to 5.Dance,sing and tell stories in English” Lorrie finds it hard to believe that nursery-aged children would benefit from these lessons.“I mean,the kids are barely able to speak Japanese at this age.I can't image that they would be able to deal with a foreign language.”
APeach is right to worry.If parents are encouraged to expect wonders from their children, then they may well be disappointed when the kids do not become fluent in a second language. Learning a new language may be fun,but unless it is the dominant language at school or is consistently reinforced at home,young children will not necessarily gain any useful second language skills over the long term. But what is the ideal age for children to start a second language?Eva Schmeisser,a 17‐year‐old German schoolgirl with English parents,says, “It's never too early to start a different language.Children's brains are growing rapidly,and a second language stimulates that development and growth.” Eva says her high marks at school and excellent vocabulary in both languages are due to the fact that she is bilingual. BBut not everyone agress.Barry McLaughlin,a California researcher in second language skills and author of Second Language Acquisition in Childhood, encourages parents and teachers to forget the myths about learning English at an early “impressionable age.”He and many academics agree that a child learns quickly because of social reasons rather than because of“a young,flexible mind.”Barry argues that children who are surrounded by other children speaking a different language are pressured to learn that language.Adults are rarely thrown into such a monolingual second language environment. And when they are,they learn just as fast as children.
これで以上です。お願いいたします。 CA massive study of European children in 1975 found that children who began learning at 11 did generally better than those who started at a younger age.Firstly,the younger children used a smaller vocabulary and made shorter sentences than the adolescent learners. Secondly,the older children were more efficient at learning the second language. They were able to compare their first and second languages and deduce helpful grammar rules. Thidly,older students were more easily motivated to learn a new language.This made them successful students. McLaughlin does concede one important point,however.In general,the younger the learner starts out,the better that person's pronunciationswill be.This is because language motor skills become less and less flexible as children grow up. Apart from this factor,it seems preferable to learn a second language from adolescence onwards.
私も急いでいます。お目害します。 @“My research into the memory pill,propranolol,suggests that drugs may be able to prevent traumatic memories from being stored in the brain.”“Specifically,I am trying to prove that the durg is most effective in preventing bad memories if it is taken within 48 hours of a traumatic event.”“We are not performing surgery on the brain,” says Lemieux.“All we are doing is helping people to have better control of their memories.Anything that prevents PTSD is a good thing” AFor years after a carjacking and rape,Kathleen had cold sweats and nightmares. She often found herself crying at work and was not able to function properly. Recently Kathleen was knocked down by a motorbike while she was crossing a city road. Fearful that she would again suffer from PTSD,she volunteered to be part of a study on propranolol. “The pill really helped,”says Kathleen.“I'm nervous when I cross a road,but I can do it.Ilive a normal life.” 以上です。お願いします。
PRO-VISION LESSON3 P28です。お願いします。 Claude Shannon showed how small switches could be the “thinking ”machine’s alphabet. A system swich that was off meant “true" and a switch that was on meant “not true.” This simple system is called the binary system, and computers still use it today. John von Neumann added something just as important. He had an ideas about how computers could use a memory. As soon as this was possible, the modern computer was born.
Although architecture, movement, ceremonies, and rituals are mentioned in the passage, choice (D) best summarizes the general topic of the entire passage. Lines 4-5 of the passage state that ''These buildings were usually put up against cliffs.'' The pronoun ''They'' refers to buildings. Although the other choices are also plural nouns, '' buildings'' is the logical referent for ''they.'' Because the passage states that the buildings were ''like modern apartment houses'' and that ''some were four stories high...,''it can be inferred that the dwellings were highly advanced. Corn, beans, and squash are important crops that are mentioned just after the phrase ''the three sisters.'' Clues to the meaning of this word are in the phrase ''dry country'' (line 10 ) and ''brought water through irrigation ditches'' (line 11) In lines 15-16 the Shoshone and Ute are described as less-settled groups. The first paragraph suggests that the Hopi and Zumi lived in permanent homes in villages. This information is stated in lines 20-21 of the passage.
The most unique feature of the Internet is its user dependency. Since it is without shape or form,it can become anything the user makes it- from a research tool to a source of digital pornography.In order to get anywhere on the Internet you must choose where you wish to go. There is a wide variety of information on the Internet-a lot more than one person could ever read. Using different methods of finding information on the Internet and choosing certain pathways over others means that you are in control of what you see and hear. It is for this reason that the Internet has been free from control for so long - and will remain so as long as its users understand its user-dependent nature.
2 There has been a lot of talk among politicians as to whether or not the Internet should be controlled by the government. At present, the government has not yet done anything. Because there is a lot of questionable material accessible on the Internet, however, it is up to the individual to decide whether or not he or she wants to access it. One can easily avoid the questionable material:just don`t look for it. Information is not going to just appear on your screen without you making a great effort to look for it.
最近、私は日本人の友人とロサンゼルス発東京行きの便(飛行機)に乗りました。客室乗 務員が私達1人1人に質問する時どれほど容易に日本語と英語を使い分けるかを見るのは 興味深いことでした。彼女は友人に「お茶はいかがですか?」と言い、それから私には 「Would you like some tea?」と言いました。 私達がまだ飛んでいる間、客室乗務員は私達が記入すべき用紙を配りました。東京に近づ いた時、彼女は私達がもうその用紙に記入したかどうか見にやってきました。彼女は私に 「Have you filled out the form yet?(あなたはもう用紙に記入しましたか)」と言いました。 彼女は友人に「よろしいですか?」と言いました。 これらの表現の違いは多くの点で面白いのですが、もっとも明らかなことは、日本語の表 現は仮に言うとしてもそれほど明白には言わないことです。けれども実際に伝えられる意 味の点から見ると、日本語の表現は英語の表現と同じぐらい表現が豊かです。…
Some people will find the hand of God behind everything that happens.
I visit a woman in the hospital whose car was run into by a drunken driving through a red light.
Her vehicle was totally destroyed, but miraculously she escaped with only a broken ankle.
She looks up me from her hospital bed and says, “Now I know there is a God. If I could come out of that alive and in one piece, it must be because He is watching over me up there.”
I smile and keep quiet, running the risk of letting her think that I agree with her ─ though I don't exactly.
My mind goes back to a funeral I conducted two weeks earlier, for a young hasband and father who died in a similar drunk-driver collision.
The woman before me may believe that she is alive because God wanted her to survive, and I am not inclined to talk her out of it, but what would she or I say to that other family?
And yet,at the same time,seeing those things empowers me,makesme stronger, more determined. Because I`m black, I`m one of them and every time I win somethingor am honored,it could be an example to some young Aborigines who might think they have no chance for success in Australian society. I want them to feel encouraged. Cathy knew what it meant to be an Aboriginal pepole needed someone to encourage them to do better. She has visited schools and heard little Aboriginal children racing around saying,"I`m Cathy Freeman." This made them feel six feet tall and very strog.
さげるの忘れました;;何度もすいません;本当にお願いします・・・! And yet,at the same time,seeing those things empowers me,makesme stronger, more determined. Because I`m black, I`m one of them and every time I win somethingor am honored,it could be an example to some young Aborigines who might think they have no chance for success in Australian society. I want them to feel encouraged. Cathy knew what it meant to be an Aboriginal pepole needed someone to encourage them to do better. She has visited schools and heard little Aboriginal children racing around saying,"I`m Cathy Freeman." This made them feel six feet tall and very strog.
Ryoichiro is hardworking and dose not mind practicing for a long time. Ken'ichi plays with ingenuity. He plays better on the stage than during practice. When he feels good,his playing is very thrilling. These differences between Ryoichiro and Ken'ichi are reflected in their shamisen sounds. Each of the brothers want to make his own sounds. They say,"We are,and will be,rivals in playing the shamisen."
1 What does the passage mainly discuss? 2 According to the passage, the Hopi and Zuni typically built their homes. 3 The word ''They in line 6 refers to 4 It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were. 5 The author uses the phrase ''the three sisters77 in line 8 to refer to. 6 The word ''scarce'' in line 10 is closest in meaning to. 7 Which of the following is true of the Shoshone and Ute? 8 According to the passage, which of the following tribes lived in the grasslands? 9 Which of the following animals was most important to the Plains Indians? 10 Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as a following is NOT mentioned by the author as a dwelling place of early North Americans? 11 The author gives an explanation for all of the following words EXCEPT. 12 The author groups North American Indians according to their.
PRO-VISION ENGLISH READING P31 This is an exciting time in the world of computers and information. New things are coming, amd new jobs, are coming with them. I hope for great things from the future, but I worry a little, too. Workers will have to learn these new jobs. Countries will do more business with each other, and this will change the way we feel about other countries. There will be new problems, but today we can only guess what they will be. For most people the problem is “Where will my place be in all this?” They worry about their jobs and their children’s jobs. In fact, some jobs will disappear. But people worried about the same thing when the personal computer arrived in the workplace, and nothing terrible happened then. Each time a job disappears, the worker who has that job becomes free to do something new. This means people do more work, and that is good for everyone. In 1990, more than half the 501 different jobs you could have were jobs that were’t there in 1940.
どなたか和訳お願いします。 @My own university studies were essentially in literature and philosophy.
I taught philosophy for several years, and then left academic life to devote myself fully to a new career as a writer and newspaper editor.
However, I never lost my enthusiasm for philosophy, and have written about it on several of my books.
Unlike many philosophers, I have always felt a keen interest in the evolution of science.
Hence my satisfaction at having a son in first-rate scientific research, and my disappointment at seeing him suddenly put an end to a career whose beginnings had been mote than promising.
He joined a Buddhist group in Asia and left France.
I do not believe in God and I did not take Buddhism very seriously─not that I had anything against it.
Its simple and straight approach gives Buddhism a distanctive position among religious doctrines and has earned it the respect of some of the most exacting Western philosophers.
ADespite feeling momentarily upset about his decision, I never quarreled with my son, nor was I ever on bad terms with him.
Over the years, we have continued to see each other as often as the distance permitted.
As early as 1973, I visited him in Darjeeling, India, where he was living with his first spiritual teacher Kangyur Rinpoche, and later on in Bhutan and Nepal.
The only clouds that ever passed over our relationship were those of the Asian monsoon.
As time went on, my son had increasingly frequent opportunities to travel to Europe, on trips that led him to take part in the growing spread of Buddhism in the West.
His role as interpreter for the Dalai Lama, especially after the latter was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, brought him to France even mote often.//
続きです The computer and the Internet have brought us into the Information Age. However, now our privacy may be in danger because other people have easy access to information about us.
Progress in medicine has enabled us to live longer, but it is not without its dangers. Accidents in hospitals are reported almost every week.
Not everyone in the world can enjoy the good effects of inventions. Good hospital care and easy access to the Internet are enjoyed in the developed world, while many of the developing countries are falling fuether behind.
We cannot think only about the wonders of technology. What is important is to keep their dangers under control, and to find ways to share these wonders with all the people of our wold.
London, November 1798 Jenny Tinker is fourteen. She and her father, Sam, work in fourteen. She and her father, Sam, work in Covent Garden market. They sell fruit and vegetables. The Tinkers get up early every morning and work very hard. One day after work Jenny sees a man. He is running and he has got a watch in his hand. '' Here - take this,'' he says, and gives Sam the watch. Five seconds later a lot of angry the watch. Five seconds later a lot of angry people run down the street after Sam. ''There's the thief! He's got my watch - stop him!'' says an old man. ''You're coming with us,'' two policemen say to Sam. They do not listen to Jenny's story. Jenny does not have a mother or any brothers and sisters. Who can she talk to? She goes to Peter Stone's house. Peter works in the market. ''What's going to happen?'' asks Jenny. Peter looks sad. ''They send thieves to Australia,'' he says. Peter is right. A week later Jenny watches a big ship - the Black Star - on the River Thames. One of the men on it is her father. ''How can I help him?'' thinks Jenny. Then she sees a pair of trousers thinks Jenny. Then she sees a pair of trousers and a shirt on a line above the street. ''Yes,'' she says. ''That's it !'' Five minutes later she talks to the ship's captain. ''I want a job,'' she says. ''My name's Ned Bell.'' ''Well... why not,'' says the captain. ''OK, Ned - you can help the cook.'' For six weeks Jenny works very hard on the Black Star. Then one night she goes to the captain's room. Usually his keys are next to the bed. Tonight they are on the table. Jenny takes them and goes down to the bottom of the ship. There she finds her father. ''Jenny!'' he says. ''But how...?'' ''Ssshh - don't ask questions,'' says Jenny. ''Come with me.''
Fifteen minutes later the Tinkers are in a small boat. The Black Star is behind them. They can hear nothing but the sea and the wind. It is a beautiful night and there is a big moon. It shbines on Sam Tinker's thin, tired face. Jenny looks at her father. ''Oh, Dad,'' she says. ''You're free!'' Then she tells him her story. After three days Sam and Jenny are very hungry and thirsty. Then, after five days Jenny sees a big white bird. It is carrying some grass. ''Look Dad,'' she says. ''Do you think there's an island near here?'' Sam Tinker stands up in the small b oat. He puts one hand across his eyes. ''Yes,Jenny, you're right! I can see it. There is an island!!'' The island is big and has lots of tall, thick trees. First Sam and Jenny look for food and water. They find a small river. The water food and water. They find a small river. The water is cold and clean. They drink and drink and drink. There are coconuts on the island, too. The Tinkers know coconuts from Covent Garden market. Sam opens two of them and gives the first one to Jenny. That night Sam and Jenny sleep on the beach. They are very tired. In the morning they start to make a small house with grass and wood. They work very hard. After four days they finish. Then Sam makes a flag with his shirt and puts it on the roof. He and Jenny look up at the flag. ''This is 'Tinkers Island' now,'' Sam says. ''It's our new home and we're going to be happy here.'' Sam and Jenny are very happy for the first year. Every day they work, talk, eat and swim. They like their new home. It is quiet and beautiful. Then one day something happens. It is early in the morning. Jenny is fishing. Sam is looking for coconuts. He does not see a long, thick snake on the ground. He puts his foot on the snake and it bites him.
Two hours later Jenny finds her father on the ground. He cannot walk. She pulls him along the beach to the house. After that there is nothing she can do. Then Sam opens his eyes. ''Jenny?'' he asks. ''Jenny - is that you?'' After ten days Sam is well again, but not very strong. He sleeps a lot and Jenny does all the work. She catches fish, finds coconuts, makes fires and cooks. Then, one morning, she sees something. It is a ship one morning, she sees something. It is a ship and it is she sees something. It is a ship and it is coming to the island. She runs to the house to find her father. ''Dad, Dad!'' she says. ''Come and look!'' Sam walks to the door of the small house. ''Do you think it's the Black Star?'' he asks. ''I don't know,'' Jenny answers. Sam looks at the ship. He can see three men. They are putting a boat in the three men. They are putting a boat in the water. ''I don't like this,'' he says. ''I don't like this at all.Come on.'' He starts to run and Jenny helps him. Twenty minutes later the three men are on Tinkers Island. Sam and Jenny stand behind a big tree and look at them. ''It's OK, Dad,'' says Jenny. ''They're not from the Black Star.''At that moment one of the men turns and says, ''Who's there?'' He has got a gun. ''P-please don't k-kill us,'' says Jenny. The man looks at her and his mouth opens. ''You're English!!'' he says. That evening one of the men says to the Tinkers, ''Our ship, the Red Rose, is going to America. Come with us. You can start a new life there.'' The next day is January 1st, 1800. Sam and Jenny are on the Red Rose. They are happy, but sad, too. The island is very small now. ''Goodbye, Tinkers Island,'' they say. ''Goodbye. Goodbye.''
Marianne Moore (1887-1972) once said that her writing could be called poetry only because there was no other name for it. Indeed her poems appear to be extremely compressed essays that happen be printed in jagged lines on the page. Her subjects were vareid: animals laborers, artists, and the craft of poetry. From her general reading came quotations that she found striking or insightful. She included these in her poems,scrupulously enclosed in quotation marks, and sometimes identified in footnotes. Of this practice, she wrote, ''Why the many quotation marks?' I am asked... When a thing has been said I am asked... When a thing has been said so well that it could not be said better,why paraphrase it? Hence my writing is, if not a cabinet of fossils, my writing is, if not a cabinet of fossils, a kind of collection of flies in amber.'' Close observation and concentration on detail are the methods of her poetry.
Marianne Moore grew up in Kirkwood, Missouri, near St. Louis. After graduation from Bryn Mawr College in 1909, she taught commercial subjects at the Indian School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Later she became a librarian in New York City. During the 1920's she was editor of The Dial, an important literary magazine of the period. She lived quietly all her life, mostly in Brooklyn, New York. She spent a lot of time at the Bronx Zoo, fascinated by animals. Her admiration of the Brooklyn Dodgers - before the team moved to Los Angeles - was widely the team moved to Los Angeles - was widely known. Her first book of poems was published in London in 1921 by a group of friends associated with the Imagist movement. From that time on her poetry has been read with interest by succeeding generations of poets and readers. In 1952 she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for her Collected Poems. She wrote that she did not write poetry ''for money or fame. To earn a living is needful, but it can be done in routine ways. One writes because one has a burning desire to objectify what it is indispensable to one's happiness to express...''
Ryoko's talent and personable character have attractes countless fans all over japan.Due to her enormous popularity in japan, ryoko has been futured in many television commercials and on variety shows. She lover driving cars and states that a hot japanese bath is her favorite way to relax after intence judo training.
Thus the unity of the disciples, and of all believers in Christ, was symbolized from the beginning in terms of a building founded on a rock. →このようにしてキリストの弟子たちやすべての信者の結束は、初めから岩の上に 建てられた家という形で象徴された。
Subsequently, it was also symbolized by Christ, after his resurrection, in terms of a flock of sheep under one shepherd, who was again Peter. To him he said, "Feed my lambs, feed my sheep". →これはなんか訳せませんでした(´д`)
Then, within the Church as it grew in numbers and spread throughout the Roman Empire, and even beyond its boundaries, there appeared a further distinction of "secular(在俗者)" and "religious(修道者)", or ordinary Christians living in the world(including ordinary priests) and those who desired a more perfect way of following Christ. This was the way of monastic life, or "evangelical perfection", in which individual Christians freely chose to give up all things, to follow Christ in poverty; to give up married life with a wife and children, to follow the rule of a spiritual father, or "abbot", in the place of Christ. →大人数へと成長し、ローマ帝国の至る所に、そしてその境界を超えるまでの広がりを見せる 教会において、在俗者と修道者の区別や、俗世間に住む普通のキリスト教徒(平凡な 司祭も含む)とキリストに付き従うより完全な方法を求める人々のさらなる区別が現れた。
Thus already from earliest times we find in the Church the formation of a hierarchy, or sacred order, with a distinction between clergy(聖職者) and laity(一般信徒), and among the clergy a further distinction of "holy orders" or degrees - ascending from deacons and priests to bishop, and ultimately to the Pope, as successor of Peter and vicar of Christ on earth. →そしてすでに初期の時代から私たちは聖職者と一般信徒の間の区別とともに、教会に おける聖職者階層、すなわち神聖な社会階級の形成を見て取れるし、その中でも この世でペトロの後継者やキリストの代理者として助祭から司祭、司教へと、 そして最終的には教皇までへとのぼる、神聖な地位や階級のさらなる区別を見て取れる。
It was towards the end of this century that Pope Gregory T, himself a Benedictine, sent a group of Benedictine monks under Augustine(アゴスティーノ) (not the more famous saint who wrote the "Confessions" and other theological works) to preach the Christian Gospel in England. →自身ベネディクト会修道士である教皇グレゴリオ1世は、ベネディクト会修道士の 一団をアゴスティーノ(”告白”やその他の神学書を書いた名高い聖徒ではない) のもとへ、イングランドにおいてキリスト教の福音を伝道するために派遣したのは、 この世紀の終わりごろであった。
At the same time, other monks came from Ireland and spread Christianity in the North of England, with a more individualistic emphasis; but it was the Roman way that was eventually accepted at the Council of Whitby (ホイットビーでの教会会議) in 664. →同時に、他の修道士たちがアイルランドからやってきて、さらなる個人主義の 強調とともに、イングランド北部においてキリスト教を広めた。しかし664年の ホイットビーでの教会会議において最終的に受け入れられたのはローマの様式であった。
there's a new theory about how children learn that is becoming popular in classrooms. What's the main idea of this new theory? It's that all children are smart, and the job of teachers and parents is to help children find the style of learning that uses their natural intelligence. According to educator and psychologist Thomas Armstrong, the traditional way of teaching suits some children but not others. Armstrong says, "We need to recognize that different children learn in different ways, and that all these ways of learning are okay." Verbal and logic skills, which are so important in traditional teaching methods, are just two of these intelligences. Armstrong calls these "Word Smart" and "Logic Smart." But he emphasizes that the other intelligences are equally important. So, the question for teachers and parents is this: How do we match children's leaning styles to what is being taught? As he pointed out, most teaching today is based on the first type of intelligence called Word Smart, and the second type, Logic Smart. Children who are word smart learn by listening, reading, speaking and writing. Parents of these children need only to encourage them to keep up with their assignments. The other style of traditional teaching, Logic Smart, uses numbers, facts and scientific principles. Children who are logic smart like to observe and experiment on their own. They respond well to questions starting with "What if ...."
Thirdly, there are the Picture Smart children. These children like to visualize in their mind or actually see what they are learning. For instance, they would learn a lot from a visit to a museum. Next comes the Music Smart children, the fourth kind of intelligence. They readily absorb information presented rhythmically, such as the ABC's or multiplication tables. Fifth are the Body Smart children. Most small children are in this category. They want to touch and feel things when learning. Older Body Smart children might learn faster by performing a historical drama, for example. Following this are People Smart children, the sixth type. They are very sociable. Group projects, which make children compare notes, discuss and decide, are the best ways for People Smart children to learn. All children can use each of these learning styles, but they naturally use one or more of their stronger styles. Also, a child's preferred style of learning can change from year to year. Knowing which style of learning best suits each child at a particular time can help teachers and parents make learning more fun and rewarding for children.
The commonly accepted definition of the American dream has as its core the belief that anyone in America can achieve success with hard work and ingenuity. Though this idea of open access to opportunity for all members of society is espoused by many countries around the globe, it is associated primarily with America because the United States was the first country to be founded on that concept, with the dream actually codified into a system of rights and legal protections that allowed ordinary citizens the opportunity to exploit the country's abundant natural resources. Conditions during the colonial period created an environment conducive to this new type of social organization because the population that gathered in America survived because they had the qualities necessary for this American dream. A combination of greed and rationality marked the intense colonial effort that followed the discovery of America by Columbus in 1492. The various European governments were greedy for money and materials to support their constant warfare. Meanwhile, new ideas concerning the value of rationality and equality began to cause people to question the rigid social structure. Some began to think that they should be able to get more from their lives than what traditional society allowed. The new rationality stimulated ambition in people and ignited their own greed; and ambition, with its implicit need for freedom of action, always tends to upset authority. These factors of greed and ambition, based upon principles of rationality and equality, were unleashed in a concentrated form directly into the American continent with the arrival of the colonists.
European governments embraced the discovery of America as an opportunity for extending influence and acquiring wealth. In order to settle and harvest this vast new territory, they needed to attract independent, hard-working risk-takers. The people most willing to undertake such a dengerous and long-term commitment tended to be people unhappy with their current status in war-ravaged Europe. This would include people enduring severe economic hardship, people who were being persecuted for political or religious reasons, and people who viewed America as an opportunity to escape from authority. In effect, greedy rulers populated the colonies with people either desperate to advance themselves or naturally inclined towards personal freedom and against authority. For Europian rulers, sending independent-minded people was a perfect solution both as a safety valve to maintain social control and as a wealth gathering operationーat least in the short term. Over the long term though, it succeeded in gathering together a population of strong-minded, independent, highly motivated, and resourceful people. This combination of allowance, opportunity, resource, and resourcefulness unleashed a tremendously productive force that brought America enough power to enable it to achieve complete independence from European sovereignty as well as unprecedented material development that added an even more compelling luster to the dream of success in America. The Declaration of Independence of 1776, written by Thomas Jefferson, lays out the philosophical framework of the American Dream in its second paragraphーa paragraph instilled in all Americans during elementary school:
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.
There are several aspects of these two sentences that help to establish this framework. The first is the idea that all men are created equal. It is interesting to note that the range of this phrase has shifted considerably from what the original founders of America assumed to be acceptable. At first ''all'' was aimed primarily at property owners who had emigrated from Europe; it did not include slaves, indentured servants, or Indians(or any non-white). ''Men'' was supposedly a general reference to mankind, but in fact women did not have full voting rights until the twentieth century; thus, originally only men of property were fully and equally enfranchised. Equality, too, had a practical relativity within the newly forming society. There was a natural division between men who had both the knowledge and the leisure time to shoulder social responsibility and men who spent all their time in the basic struggle to carve out a place in the ''new'' continent. Some men, especially those who had already been in America long enough to establish a secure position, owned their own plantations and were so successful that they could afford to hire people to do the work. These were the landed gentry, and since they were free to pursue outside activities like study, travel, or social service(politics, for example), they assumed that they had greater responsibility and power within society than the rest. Though this social stratification seems similar to the British class system, the situation in America was diffrent because the British people who populated America had a diffrent mentality from the traditional landed gentry of England. The American landed gentry had an experience that their counterparts in England did not have: they experienced the satisfaction of social mobility.
That is, they started at the bottom of society, primitively scrambling for mere survival and worked themselves to the comfortable pinnacle of society as rich landowners employing others to do the hard work for them, but still aware of their own stint at hard work. This enriching experience gave the Americans a broader sense of social concerns as well as an ingrained appreciation of the value of social mobility. Social mobility in itself was not necessarily a new concept, but the huge, continental scale on which it occurred in American certainly was. And it provided the primaly motive force for American development. People came to America generally because they had more hope for improvementーfor successー in America than they did in their ''home'' country. The steady stream of immigrants entered a continent with a vast wilderness that was open and free. In this wilderness there was no social status; a person had to create his / her own space and place. Everything was unfixedーeverything was free. Anyone with courage could create their own landed-gentry status. This very important distinction is one of the primary sources for the American dream: The future was no longer pre-ordained at birth, but rather rested within one's own hands to shape and build.
In some ways it is the natural inequality of social status coupled with the acceptability of social mobility that gives free rein to the motive force of ambition that helps empower American development. The real equality is supposed to exist in opportunity: everyone ideally has an equal opportunity to achieve success. This obviously leads to intense competition and stratification based on measurable results, but even this stratification remains fluid as winners and losers can move up and down the ladder as events play out. In this way, the American model finds a way to embrace both equality and the unavoidable social stratification. In fact, stratification becomes an important tool for providing motivation and ambition for each individual embarked upon the practical competition of life.
Jefferson envisioned a new type of society with the dynamism for development built right into the people themselves. Thus he proposed in the Declaration that the individual should be protected from abuse and exploitation by any tyrannical government. The first step was the claim of basic human equality, but he added the real dynamism in the next part when he emumerated in his beautifully crafted logic the fundamental rights that people also equally shared due to their humanity. The second sentence, in which Jefferson states that government itself finally rests on the willingness of the people to accept it, deftly reverses the standard 18th century concept of government as the imposed will of a hereditary ruler. A government subject to the popular will was an exciting and energizing prospect for a citizenry primarily composed of people who had already learnes how to carve a stable and enriching life out of a wilderness. They ware the perfect group of peopleーself-selected by the act of immigration and survivalーto attempt such a large-scale experiment in social organization.
''Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness'' does not mention anything about the good of the state or about life after death. It is about the individual and how all individuals have the freedom of making their own decisions about what they do with their life. It is hard to logically argue against the right to ''Life''(though even the best of governments seems to waste or destroy lives at times); however, Jefferson's naming of ''Liberty'' as a natural human right for every individual was another breathtaking step of popular empowerment that aimed to free the common man from governmental subjugation. It must have indeed been exhilarating and inspiring for the early Americans to be granted the possibility of having the yoke of governmental interference and limitation lifted from their lives.
Further, to be told they also had the fundamental right to choose to go after whatever makes them happy instead of working to make some authority figure happy must have completely changed the way they perceived life itself. Suddenly they were told that they were free to follow their own dreams, and that whatever success they had, they could keep for their own pleasure. It was a total turnabout in which they no longer served a possessive government, but rather the government served to help them achieve their own interests, and if it didn't the people were justified in changing it. The same people who fled the hopelessness of their lives in the kingdoms of Europe(mostly England) by taking the opportunity afforded them in the colonization effort, decided to finally take complete control of their lives. They broke with Mother England, established a new country based on hard-earned principles promoting individual opportunity, and created a government subject to themselves to protect opportunity itself as a source of vital energy. They avoided the danger of simply creating another government that could someday turn tyrannical by claiming the right of perpetual co-participation in social governance. Thus, the American dream rises out of how society chooses to perceive the equality of man and the rights that this entails. Equality based on individual opportunity and freedom allows the individual to give his/her imagination full range to explore, discover, and develop whatever inclination or dream that individual might have. In a way, one could say that the success of America as a country stems directly from the millions upon millions of individual, expansive dreams that it actually consists of, and America continues to expand its success because it continues to attract and foster dreamers.
訳お願いします!! 1.The ferry took me across the lake and I walked up the road though the beautiful hills. 2.After about 20minutes, I left the road and walked across the wide, green fields. 3.at Hill Top the house and its surroundings are kept just as they were when Beatrix Potter wrote her stories nearly 100 years ago. 4.Everything I saw a bush or a tree, looked just like in her books. 5.I had shepherd's pie for lunch in a village pub.
よろしくお願いします。 1.The trick of saving money, begun for a purpose, was carried on after the scheme of going to the city to find Ned Currie had been given up. 2.sometimes on rainy afternoons in the store she got out her bank book and, letting it lie open before her, spent hours dreaming impossible dreams of saving money enough so that the interest would support both herself and her future husband.
When I was in fourth grade. I had a paper route. Mrs.Stanley was one of my customers. She'd watch me coming down her street,and by the time I'd pedaled up to her porch,there'd be a cold Coke waiting. I'd sit and drink while she talked. Widow Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband.“Mr.Stanley and I went grocery shopping this morning,”she'd say. Thefirst time she said that,soda went up my nose. That was in the days when Coke going up your nose wasn*t a crime,just a bit uncomfortable. I told my father how Mrs.Stanley talked as if Mr.Stanley were still alive.Dad said she was probably lonely,and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile, and maybe she*d work it out of her system. So that's what I did,and it turned out Dad was right . After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery. Nowadays we*d have sent Mrs.Stanley to a psychiatrist. But what she had back then was a front-porch rocker and her paperboy*s ear.
I finally quit my paper route and moved on to the more profitable business of lawn mowing. Didn't see the widow Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fund-raiser. She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking radiant. Four years before, she'd had to bribe her paperboy to have someone to talk with. Now she had friends. Her husband was gone, but life went on.I live in the city now. My front porch is a concrete slab, and my paperboy is a lady named Ednawith three kids. She asks me how I'm doing. When I don't say“fine,”she sticks around to hear my problems. She's lived in the city most of her life, but she knows about community. Community isn't so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever folks ask how you*re doing because they care, and not because they're getting paid to inquire. Kind of like what my dad told me about the widow Stanley.Sometimes it's good to just smile, nod your head and listen.
“A good parent”can be a confusing phrase. It is almost impossible for one person to be “a good parent”at all stages of a child's life. Some parents are at their best before their children begin to speak. Others are most successful before their children enter elementary school. Still others make their finest contribution to older children or teenagers. Every parent can understand one stage of a child's development better than another. It is a rare person who possesses superior capacities throughout the entire period of a child's growth. A mother might be “a good parent”from her baby's birth until it is three; that is the period when it needs her protection and loving care. Then the start of her child's independence might upset and alarm her, and she might then become less helpful for a few years. A father might be awkward and uncomfortable with a younger child, but could turn into a splendid parent when the child is old enough to be taught the skills of cycling, fishing and so on, or to be taken on trips. Some parents feel easier with boys, and others with girls ―― and then only at certain ages or stages. It is important for parents to understand and accept their own limitations in these matters, just as they must accept the child's faults of personality and limitations oftalent. Otherwise, fathers and mothers will feel guilty and blame themselves for weaknesses that may not be their fault. Much of the guilty experienced by modern parents comes from the mistaken feeling that they ought to be all things at all times to the child, which is clearly absurd. In past ages, grandparents and uncles and aunts lived with the family, and provided different kinds of support; in our present “nuclear”family, too many roles are demanded of the two parents, which they cannot possibly fulfill.
In the span of a few decades, mind-body medicine has evolved from heresy into something approaching cliche. So why is Newsweek devoting this Health for Life report to the mind-body connection? Because the relationship between emotion and health is turning out to be more interesting, and more important, than most of us could have imagined. Viewed through the lens of 21st-century science, anxiety, alienation and hopelessness are not just feelings. Neither are love, serenity and optimism. All are physiological states that affect our health just as clearly as obesity or physical fitness. And the brain, as the source of such states, offers a potential gateway to countless other tissues and organs?from the heart and blood vessels to the gut and the immune system. The challenge is to map the pathways linking mental states to medical ones, and learn how to travel them at will.
He traveled all over Japan to teach shipbuilding and navigation,translated the U.S. Navigation Science, which he had brought back to japan with him, and wrote A Short Cut of English Conversation,the first English textbook for Japanese learners.
It is useful to distinguish two kinds of vocabulary:recognition and active. The recognition vocabulary is the total stock of words that a person knows wellenough to understand them when he meets them in context. He may not be able to define all these words,and there are many of them that he will never use in his speech or writing, but if he can interpret them correctly when he meets them in context,they are part of his recognition vocabulary. The active bocabulary,on the other hand,is the stock of words that a person actually uses in his own speech or writing. It is,of course, a much smaller stock - perhaps only a third or quater the size of the recognition vocabulary.
Science never give up searching for truth,since it never claims to have achieved it.It is civilizing because it puts truth ahead of all else, including personal interests.these are grand claims,but so is the enterprise in which scientists share. How do we encourage the civilizing effects of science? First,we have to understand science.
Scientia is knowledge.It is only in the popular mind that it is equated with facts.That is of course flattering,since facts are incontrovertible. But it is also demeaning.since facts are meaningless.They contain no narrative.
Science,by contrast,is story-telling.This is evident in the way we use our primary scientific instrument,the eye.The eye searchs for shapes.It searchs for a beginning,a middle,and an end.
What we see is as a consequence,culuturally conditoned.This is open to misunderstanding. It might be construed to mean our conclutions are simply a matter of taste,which they are not.Though we explore in a culuturallu-conditoned way,the reality we sketch is universal. It is this,as its most besic,that makes science a human pursuit;it acknowledges the commonality of people's experience.
This in turn,implies a commonality of human worth.If we treasure our own experience and regard it as real,we must also treasure other people's experience.Reality is no less precious if it presents itself to someone else.All are discovers,and if we distinghish any,all suffer.
>>586の続きです It is important that we reflect upon our craft,since our understanding of science will inform public policy towards it-'science policy'as it is called.For example , if seeing is a skill,then we should rely on those who have that skill to determine what scientice we do.
In Canada,we routinely offend against this principle.We have,for example,numerous 'Centres of Excellence'because we recognize that the skill on which discovery depends is possessed by a few.But then we proceed in evaluating such centres,to give only a legislated twenty percent weight to 'excellence'.A preposterous eighty percent is reserved for considerations having to do with'socio-economic worth'.
Our assessment of socio-ecconomic worth is largely a sahm.We scientists should not lend ourselves to it - though we routinely do.We should ,instead,insist on applying the criterion of quality. That this criterion is real,is evidenced by the awesome success of science-peer-reviewed science-in this century.
Have we failed ,as scientists,to explain science? Seemingly.Have we,too often,kept silent because we thought it expedient? Undoubtedly.
>>595 プログレス5の “You'd better hurry home, lads. It's pretty late for you to be standing around here. We keep early hours in this neighborhood, you know.”〜
mr,grant is very excited about the house max,s mother said. he wants to take one more look before making an offer. he doesn,t mind that the place is haunted ?Nina asked. Nonsense,max,s mother said as she was driving the car. Who told you it,s haunted? Roy,Max answered. He lives there and says the ghost won,t sell the mansion. Max,s mother frowned .Of course Roy says it,s haunted. When Arnold moved out, Roy and his parents became housekeepers. They don,t do much housekeeping,but they live there rent-free. They don,t want to leave the house.
As they pulled up to the front, they saw Mr.Grant,a nervous-looking man, Don,t say anytheing about Roy,s ghost, MaX,s mother said. Mr.Grant shook hands with Max and Nina. They were all just about to go inside when a pick-up truck came with a squealing sound.When it came to a halt,its front tires were on top of a garden hose. Roy,s father ,Amos Jordan, hopped out of the truck. Well, I see you,re back for another look, he said to George Grant. Hope you got lots of money to fix it up. And with a nasty laugh, he entered the house.
It took the group fifteen minutes to tour all the downstairs rooms. Most of them were unused,and they saw a lot of cobwebs all around. They climbed to the top of the staircase and were just starting down a hallway.Then Mr.Grant screamed.He saw the ghost at the end of the shadowy hall.It was glowing from the light of a candle in its hand.Seconds later,the candle blew out and the ghost Vanished back into the shadows. I,m sorry, I can,t buy a haunted house.George Grant was shaking. It isn,t haunted, Max,s mother said.It was one of the Jordan people. They,re trying to scare you.
Amos Jordan and his family were now at the main hallway.I see you,ve met the ghost.Amos laughed.And don,think it was me. I was downstairs with my train set.That seemed belibvable. As they were touring the main floor, theyheard the train whistle. Nina told Roy about the ghost and asked him.Where have you been for the past few minutes? I was watering the garden, Go out and see.The plants are wet. answered Roy with a smile. Roy,s mother, Fanny Jordan, also had an alibi. I was preparing dinner in the kitchen.Come and check it out. I know you don,t want to believe it, Mr.Grant,but this house is haunted. Max pulled Nina aside and whispered in her ear. One of them is lying. I know ,Nina agreed. But which one?
take one more look もう一回見る make an offer 申し込みをする frowned まゆをひそめた rent-free 賃料なしで pull up 車をとめる the front 正面 nervous-looking 神経質そうな shake hands with 〜 と握手する a pick-up truck 小型トラック come to a halt 停車する for another look もう一回見るために nasty いやな it took the group fifteen minutes to そのグループが・・するのに15分かかった downstairs 階下の cobwebs くもの巣 hallway 廊下
shadowy hall うすくらい廊下 glow 光を放つ blow out (風などで)消える vanish 消える train setおもちゃの列車 the main floor 一階(リビングルームダイニングルームなどがある) check out 〜を調べる pull aside〜をわきに寄せる whisper ささやく
Because of the castness of the Grand Canyon, it is difficult to capture it in a single photograph. Speciation, the formation of biological species, results when an animal population becomes isolated by some factor, usually geographic. In its pure state antimony has no important uses, but when combined physically or chemically with other substances, it is an extremely useful metal. The dawn redwood appears to have flourished some 100 million years ago in northern forests around the world. Beginning in the Middle Ages, composers of Western music used a system of notating their compositions so they could be performed by musicians. Civil Rights are the freedoms and rights a person may have as a member of a community, state, or nation. Richard Wright enjoyed success and influence unparalleled among Black American writers of his era. Two species of large mammals once dominated the North American prairies: the American bison and the pronghorn antelope. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first President to understand fully the great force of radio and the opportunity it provided for taking government policies directly to the people. During the late fifteenth century, only a few of the native societies of America had professions in the fields of arts and crafts.
The ponderosa pine is the source of most of the timber used by forest-product firms in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Computers that once took up entire rooms are now small enough to put on desktops and into wristwatches. According to some educators, the goal of teaching is to help students learn what they need to know to live a well-adjusted and successful life. The sapphire's transparency to ultraviolet and infrared radiation makes it useful in optical instruments. Most famous scientists achieved initial recognition while still quite young. Mango trees, which are densely covered with glossy leaves and bear small fragrant flowers, grow rapidly and can attain heights of up to 90 feet.
An artist who, prolific, the Canadian composer Barbara Pentland wrote four symphonies, three concertos, and an opera, among other works. The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions that occurred when dinosaurs roamed the area. In bas-relief sculpture, a design projects very slightly from its background, as on some coins. Alaska found the first years of its statehood costly because it had to take over the expense of services provided previously by the federal government. With age, the mineral content of human bones decreases, thereby making them more fragile. Not until Kentucky's Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972 was its full extent realized. The first explorer to reach California by land was Jedediah Strong Smith, a trapper who crossed the southwestern deserts of the United States in 1826. Written to be performed on a stage bare of scenery, Thornton Wilder's play Our Town depicts life in a small New England community. There are many copper mines in the state of Arizona,a fact which contributes significantly to the state's economy.
>631 A prolific artist, the Canadian composer Barbara Pentland wrote four symphonies, three concertos, and an opera, among other works. 多作の芸術家であるカナダ人作曲家のバーバラ・ペントランドはいろいろな曲に加え、四つ のシンフォニー、三つのコンチェルト、一つのオペラを書いた。 テキサス州のビッグベンド国立公園にあるチソスマウンテンは、恐竜が辺り一帯を歩き回 っていた頃に起きた火山の噴火によって生まれた。 浅い浮き彫りの彫刻では、いくつかのコイン同様、模様が背景からごくわずか出っ張って いる。 アラスカは州になった最初の年にお金がかかった。なぜなら以前は連邦政府によって賄わ れていたサービスの経費を引き継がなければならなかったからである。 年を取るとともに、人間の骨のミネラル含有量は減っていき、そのため骨はもろくなって いく。 ケンタッキー州のマンモスケーブは1972年に徹底的に調査されてようやくその広さが完全 に把握された。 カリフォルニアに陸地からたどり着いた最初の探検家はジュディディア・ストロング・スミ スだった。彼は猟師で1826年にアメリカ合衆国の南西部の砂漠を横断した。 舞台装置の無い舞台で演じるために書かれたソーントン・ワイルダーの劇「我らが町」は小 さなニューイングランド地方の地域社会を描いている。 アリゾナ州には多くの銅山があり、このことがアリゾナ州の経済に大きく貢献している。
Dinosaurs are traditionally classified as cold-blooded reptiles, but recent evidence based on eating habits, posture, and skeletal structural suggests some may have been warm-blooded. Since the Great Depression of the 1930’s, social programs such as Social Security have been built into the economy to help avert severity business declines. In the 1970’s, consumer activities succeeded in promoting laws that set safety standards for automobiles, children’s clothing, and a widely range of household products. Zoos in New Orleans, San Diego, Detroit, and the Bronx have become biological parks where animals roams free and people watch from across a moat. In human beings, as in other mammal, hairs around the eyes and ears and in the nose, Prevent dust, insects, and other matter from entering these organs. The Rocky Mountains were explored by fur traders during the early 1800’s, in a decades preceding the United States Civil War. The works of the author Herman Melville are literary creations of a high order, blending fact, fiction, adventure, and subtle symbolic. Each chemical element is characterized to the number of protons that an atom of that element contains, called its atomic number. The body structure that developed in birds over millions of years in well designed for flight, being both lightly in weight and remarkably strong.
From 1905 to 1920, American novelist Edith Wharton was at the height of her writing career, publishing of her three most famous novels. In the early twentieth century, there was considerable interesting among sociologists in The fact that in the United States the family was losing its traditional roles. Although pure diamond is colorless and transparent, when contaminated with other material it may appear in various color, ranging from pastels to opaque black. Comparative anatomy is concerned to the structural differences among animal forms. A seismograph records oscillation of the ground caused by seismic waves, vibrations that travel from its point of origin through the Earth or along its surface. Electric lamps came into widespread use during the early 1900’s and have replaced other type of fat, gas, or oil lamps for almost every purpose. Located in Canada, the Columbia Icefield covers area of 120 square miles and is 3,300 feet thick in some places. Composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein U brought to the musical Oklahoma! Extensive musical comedy. Because of its vast tracts of virtually uninhabited northern forest, Canada has one of the lowest population density in the world. Rice, which it still forms the staple diet of much of the world’s population, grows best in hot, wet lands. Government money appropriated for art in the 1930’s made possible hundreds of murals and statues still admiration in small towns all over the United States.
>640 ・Dinosaurs are traditionally classified as cold-blooded reptiles, but recent evidence based on eating habits, posture, and skeletal structure suggests some may have been warm-blooded. >恐竜は、もともとは変温動物である爬虫類に分類されるが、食生活、姿勢、骨格の構造に 基づく証拠は中には定温動物もいたかもしれないことを示している。
・Since the Great Depression of the 1930’s, social programs such as Social Security have been built into the economy to help avert severe business declines. >1930年代の大恐慌以来、景気の下降を回避するため社会保障などといった社会計画が経 済に組み込まれてきた。
・In the 1970’s, consumer activities succeeded in promoting laws that set safety standards for automobiles, children’s clothing, and a wide range of household products. >1970年代、消費者運動は自動車や、子供服、幅広い範囲の家庭用品の安全基準を定める ことに成功した。
・Zoos in New Orleans, San Diego, Detroit, and the Bronx have become biological parks where animals roam freely and people watch from across a moat. >ニューオーリンズ州、サンディエゴ、デトロイト、ブロンクスの動物園は動物達が自由に 歩き回り、人が堀をはさんでそれを見る生態学的公園になっている。
・In human beings, as in other mammals, hairs around the eyes and ears and in the nose, prevent dust, insects, and other matter from entering these organs. >他の動物同様、人間の目や耳の周囲、鼻の中の毛はほこりや昆虫、その他が入り込むのを 防ぐ。
・The Rocky Mountains were explored by fur traders during the early 1800’s, in the decades preceding the United States Civil War. >ロッキー山脈は、1800年代初頭、南北戦争に数十年先立ち毛皮商人によって探索され た。
・The works of the author Herman Melville are literary creations of a high order, blending fact, fiction, adventure, and subtle symbolism. >作家ハーマンメルビルの著作は高品位の文学作品で事実、創作、冒険、明晰な象徴的表現 が織り込まれている。
・Each chemical element is characterized by the number of protons that an atom of that element contains, called its atomic number. >それぞれの化学元素は、その元素の原子が持つ陽子の数(これが原始番号にされている) によって特徴付けられる。
・The body structure that developed in birds over millions of years in well designed for flight, being both light in weight and remarkably strong. >数百万年かけて発達した鳥の身体構造は、軽いうえに非常に丈夫で飛行にあわせてうまく 設計されている。
>641 ・From 1905 to 1920, American novelist Edith Wharton was at the height of her writing career, publishing her three most famous novels. >1905年から1920年にかけて、アメリアの小説家、エディス・ウォートンは文筆生活の最 盛期にあり、彼女の三つの代表作を出版した。
・In the early twentieth century, there was considerable interest among sociologists in The fact that in the United States the family was losing its traditional roles. >20世紀初期、社会学者たちは、アメリカで家族が伝統的な役割を失いつつあるという事実 に大いに興味を持った。
・Although pure diamond is colorless and transparent, when contaminated with other material it may appear in various colors, ranging from pastels to opaque black. >純粋なダイアモンドは無色透明であるが、不純物が混ざるとパステルカラーから不透明な 黒までいろいろな色が現れたりする。
・Comparative anatomy is concerned with the structural differences among animal forms. >比較解剖学は動物の形態の構造差に関するものである。
・A seismograph records oscillation of the ground caused by seismic waves, vibrations that travel from their point of origin through the Earth or along its surface. >地震計は地震波、すなわち震源地から地面を通って、あるいは地表に沿って伝わってくる 振動による地面のぐらつきを記録する。
・Electric lamps came into widespread use during the early 1900’s and have replaced other types of fat, gas, or oil lamps for almost every purpose. >電球は1900年代初頭に広く使われるようになり、ほとんどあらゆる目的で、他の種類の 油脂、ガス、石油ランプに取って代わった。
・Located in Canada, the Columbia Ice field covers an area of 120 square miles and is 3,300 feet thick in some places. >カナダに位置するコロンビア大氷原は、広さが120平方マイルに及び、場所によっては厚 さが3300フィートある。
・Composer Richard Rodgers, and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II brought to the musical Oklahoma! extensive musical and theatrical backgrounds as well as familiarity with the traditional forms of operetta and musical comedy. 原文。 bring A to B →bring to B A(Aが長いため後置) A=”extensive musical…as well as …musical comedy.” B=”the musical Oklahoma!” 作曲家と作詞家が、ミュージカル「オクラホマ!」に、伝統的歌劇への親しみ易さのみな らず、音楽的・演劇的背景を持ち込んだ、という内容。 >作曲家リチャード・ロジャーズと作詞家オスカー・ハマースタイン二世は、ミュージカル 「オクラホマ!」において、幅広い音楽的、演劇的背景を提供するとともに伝統的形式の 軽歌劇と喜歌劇を親しみやすいものにした。
・Because of its vast tracts of virtually uninhabited northern forest, Canada has one of the lowest population densities in the world. >事実上無人の広大な北部森林地帯があるため、カナダは世界でもっとも人口密度の低い国 の一つとなっている。
・Rice, which still forms the staple diet of much of the world’s population, grows best in hot, wet lands. >米は、いまなお世界中の多くの人々の主食であるが、高温多湿な土地でもっとも良く育つ。
・Government money appropriated for art in the 1930’s made possible hundreds of murals and statues still admired in small towns all over the United States. >1930年代に芸術のために計上された政府資金のおかげで、今なお何百もの壁画や彫像が アメリカ中の小さな町で称賛されている。 *意訳です
Margaret Mead studied many different cultures, and she was one of the first anthropologists to photograph hers subjects. Talc, a soft mineral with a variety of uses, sold is in slabs or in powdered form. During the 1870’s iron workers in Alabama proved they could produce iron by burning iron ore with coke, instead than with charcoal. Geologists at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory rely on a number of instruments to studying the volcanoes in Hawaii. Underlying aerodynamics and all other branches of theoretical mechanics are the laws of motion who were developed in the seventeenth century.
Was opened in 1918, the Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C., was the first museum in the United States devoted to modern art. A mortgage enables a person to buy property without paying for it outright; thus more people are able to enjoy to own a house. Alike ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they also gather data from documentary and oral sources. Basal body temperature refers to the most lowest temperature of a healthy individual during waking hours. Research in the United States on acupuncture has focused on it use in pain relief and anesthesia.
The Moon’s gravitational field cannot keep atmospheric gases from escape into space. Although the pecan tree is chiefly value for its fruit, its wood is used extensively for flooring, furniture, boxes, and crates. Born in Texas in 1890, Katherine Anne Porter produced three collection of short stories before publishing her well-known novel ship of Fools in 1962. Insulation from cold, protect against dust and sand, and camouflage are among the functions of hair for animals. The notion that students are not sufficiently involved in their education is one reason for the recently surge of support for undergraduate research.
As secretary of transportation from 1975to 1977, William Coleman worked to help the bankrupt railroads in the northeastern United States solved their financial problems. Faults in the Earth’s crust are most evidently in sedimentary formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. Many flowering plants benefit of pollination by adult butterflies and moths. A number of the American Indian languages spoken at the time of the European arrival in the New World in the late fifteen century have become extinct. George Gershwin was an American composer whose concert works joined the sounds of jazz with them of traditional orchestration.
One of the problems of United States agriculture that has persisted during the 1920’s until the present day is the tendency of farm income to lag behind the costs of production. Volcanism occurs on Earth in several geological setting, most of which are associated with the boundaries of the enormous, rigid plates that make up the lithosphere. Early European settlers in North America used medicines they made from plants native to treat colds, pneumonia, and ague, an illness similar to malaria. Some insects bear a remarkable resemblance to dead twigs, being long, slenderness, wingless, and brownish in color. A food additive is any chemical that food manufacturers intentional add to their products.
In an age of permissive lad's magazines with their acres of naked flesh, drunken holiday exhibitionism on sunny beaches, of reality TV upstarts and pornography downloads, it may seem perverse to focus on the chaste and still exotic use of a veil.
If we are going to draw any lines, perhaps it would make more sense to start with the blurred one that nowadays does such a poor job of separating the public from the private realm.
@ >Margaret Mead studied many different cultures, and she was one of the first anthropologists to photograph her subjects. 「マーガレット・ミードは様々な文化を調査した。彼女は彼女の(文化人類学という)研究 の主題を鮮明に表現した最初の人類学者の一人である。」 A >Talc, a soft mineral with a variety of uses, is sold in slabs or in powdered form. 「いろいろな使い道のある滑らかな鉱石である滑石は、石版状、あるいは粉末状にして売 られる。」 B During the 1870’s iron workers in Alabama proved they could produce iron by burning iron ore with coke, other than with charcoal. 「1870年代にアラバマの製鉄工たちは、木炭以外のコークスで鉄鉱石を燃やして鉄を作り 出せることを証明した。」 C Geologists at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory rely on a number of instruments to study the volcanoes in Hawaii. 「ハワイ火山観測所では、地質学者はハワイの火山を調査するためにたくさんの機器に頼 っている。」 D Underlying aerodynamics and all other branches of theoretical mechanics are the laws of motion which were developed in the seventeenth century. 「基礎をなす空気力学とその他すべての理論力学の部門は、17世紀に発展した運動の法則 である。」?
E Opened in 1918, the Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C., was the first museum in the United States devoted to modern art. 「1918年にオープンしたワシントンDCのフィリップス・コレクションは、アメリカで初め てモダンアートをテーマにした美術館である。」 F A mortgage enables a person to buy property without paying for it outright; thus more people are able to enjoy owning a house. 「住宅ローンのおかげですぐにお金を払わなくても地所が買えるようになったため、より 多くの人々がマイホームを持てるようになっている。」 G Like ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they also gather data from documentary and oral sources. 「民族歴史学者も民族誌学者と同様に体系的観察を行うが、彼ら(民族誌学者)はさらに 文書および口頭からも基礎資料を収集する。」 H Basal body temperature refers to the lowest temperature of a healthy individual during waking hours. 「基礎体温とは、健康な人が起きている間の一番低い体温のことである。」 I Research in the United States on acupuncture has focused on its use in pain relief and anesthesia. 「アメリカでの鍼療法に関する研究は、鎮痛・麻酔としての利用に焦点が当てられてきた。」
J The Moon’s gravitational field cannot keep atmospheric gases from escaping into space. 「月の重力場は大気ガスが宇宙へと出て行くのを止めることができない。」 K Although the pecan tree is chiefly valued for its fruit, its wood is used extensively for flooring, furniture, boxes, and crates. 「ペカンはおもに実が重宝されるが、木材も床板、家具、木箱、木枠など幅広く利用され る。」 L Born in Texas in 1890, Katherine Anne Porter produced three collections of short stories before publishing her well-known novel ship of Fools in 1962. 「1890年にテキサスで生まれたキャサリン・アン・ポーターは、三冊の短編集を出版した後 の1962年に彼女の有名な小説『愚か者の船』を出版した。」 M Insulation from cold, protection against dust and sand, and camouflage are among the functions of hair for animals. 「寒さを断ち、ほこり、砂を防ぎ、カモフラージュすることも動物の体毛の役割である。」 N The notion that students are not sufficiently involved in their education is one reason for the recent surge of support for undergraduate research. 「学生が自分たちの教育に十分に関わっていないという考えが、近年の大学生の研究の支 持の高まりの理由の一つである。」
O As secretary of transportation from 1975to 1977, William Coleman worked to help the bankrupt railroads in the northeastern United States solve their financial problems. 「ウィリアム・コールマンは、1975年から1977年まで運輸長官として、アメリカ北東部の 鉄道会社が財政的な問題を解決するのを助けようと働いた。」 P Faults in the Earth’s crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. 「地殻の断層は堆積物の構造にもっともはっきり見て取れるが、そこでそれらは過去に堆 積した間断のない層に割り込む。」?? Q Many flowering plants benefit from pollination by adult butterflies and moths. 「多くの顕花植物はチョウやガ(の成虫)による受粉の恩恵を受けている。」 R A number of the American Indian languages spoken at the time of the European arrival in the New World in the late fifteenth century have become extinct. 「15世紀末にヨーロッパ人が新世界に到着したときに話されていた多くのアメリカインデ ィアンの言葉は廃れてきている。」 S George Gershwin was an American composer whose concert works joined the sounds of jazz with those of traditional orchestration. 「ジョージ・ガーシュウィンはアメリカ人作曲家で、彼のコンサート曲はジャズの音色と管 弦楽の音色を結び付けられていた。」
21 One of the problems of United States agriculture that has persisted from the 1920’s until the present day is the tendency of farm income to lag behind the costs of production. 「1920年代から今日まで続いているアメリカ農業の問題点の一つは、農場の収入が生産経 費に追いつかない傾向があることである。」 22 Volcanism occurs on Earth in several geological settings, most of which are associated with the boundaries of the enormous, rigid plates that make up the lithosphere. 「火山活動はさまざまな地質学的環境で発生するが、その多くは岩石層を構成する巨大な 堅いプレート同士の接点にかかわるものである。」 23 Early European settlers in North America used medicines they made from native plants to treat colds, pneumonia, and ague, an illness similar to malaria. 「北アメリカにおける初期のヨーロッパ人開拓者は、現地の植物から作った薬を使って風 邪、肺炎、マラリア熱、マラリアに似た病気を治療した。」 24 Some insects bear a remarkable resemblance to dead twigs, being long, slender, wingless, and brownish in color. 「昆虫の中には長く、細く、羽がなく、茶色がかった色をしていて枯れ枝にそっくりなも のもいる。」 25 A food additive is any chemical that food manufacturers intentionally add to their products. 「食品添加物とは、食品メーカーが意図的に製品に加える化学物質である。」 *5と17は自信ないので「英語→日本語スレ」でどうぞ。
It is the same with all things. The sheer delight of a child's apperception is based on wonder;and deny it as we may,knowledge and wonder counteract one another . So that as Knowledge increases wonder decreases. We say again: Familiary breeds contempt. So that as we grow older, and become more familiar with phenomena, we become more contemptuous of them. But that is only partly true. It has taken some races of men thou-sands of years to become contemptuous of the moon, and to the assumption of knowledge. Antbody who looks at the moon and says "I know all about that poor orb,"is, of course, bored by the moon お願いします
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【】の中の語から当てはまる物を選び、和訳する文章です。どなたか和訳お願い致します。 Brands don't just fail. There are no examples of successful brands that one day suddenly became unsuccessful. Rather,【1.they always survive/they die naturally/someone kills them/something restores them】. And as with murder, a brand is most likely to be killed by someone close. It is true that competitors are always trying to undermine their rivals and consumers are constantly changing their minds, but a brand almost never dies without its own management pushing the knife.
No one has killed a brand as effectively as Gerald Ratner, who in 1991 famously described the products sold in his own Ratners chain of jewellers as “worthless,” destroying 95percent of the company's value in minutes. Even Coca-Cola, one of the largest companies in the world, nearly destroyed itself in 1985 when management decided to change the 100-year-old formula for its product. After just ten weeks (and millions of dollars in advertising), “new” Coke was abandoned and “old” Coke returned.
Some brands fail through simple lack of research. When Kentucky Fried Chicken went to HongKong, its slogan “finger-licking good” came across in Chinese as “KFC will eat your fingers off.” Likewise in HongKong, “Come alive with the Pepsi generation” was translated to “Pepsi will bring your ancestors back from the dead.”
The negative image of a subsidiary's brand can also damage the parent company. Famous for music and air travel, the giant Virgin Corporation was hit hard when it purchased a crumbling train company.
【2.Because of/In fear of/In case of/Instead of】 associating Virgin with fun and excitement, consumers started to picture late and broken-down trains.
However, the relationship between Virgin and its founder Richard Branson is still largely positive. Other companies are not so lucky. The home furnishing company Martha Stewart Living recently announced that its income had fallen by 86percent.
The company blamed increasing competition, but the biggest reason was that the founder and chief executive Martha Stewart herself was arrested on criminal charges of insider trading. Stewart denied doing anything wrong, but her name, which used to promote a wholesome image, suddenly suggested something other than a happy and well-organized home.
Failure is not always terminal. The satellite broadcaster SkyTV was a terrible brand when it first started, combining technical incompetence with vulgar, unsophisticated programming. But a strong effort to improve the quality of service, expand programs, and polish the image of its biggest product, soccer, has made SkyTV one of the UK's leading brands. As its chief executive Tony Ball said recently: “Saying you've got SkyTV is 【3.extremely/increasingly/in fact/no longer】 embarrassing at a dinner party.” Some brands can come back from the dead.
To a visitor from abroad like myself one of the many things that stand out among the Japanese is their names.
Unlike the majority of English names, most Japanese names have to do with nature.
English names mostly fall under one of three headings: referring to one's father (as in Johnson), or to one's work (as in Thatcher), or to one's hometown (as in Churchill).
But most Japanese names refer to objects in nature, such as mountains and valleys, fields and rivers, trees and flowers.
For this reason it seems to me that, whereas the English are a prosaic and practical people, the Japanese must surely be among the most poetic of nations.
I often wonder just how conscious the Japanese are of their family names.
Certainly, if I were a Japanese, I am sure I would be conscious and proud of my family name.
I would take delight in repeating it to myself, in much the same way as Juliet delights to repeat the name of Romeo: “O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?”
I would like to explore its various meanings and associations.
I would even come to see the whole world in relation to it. But unfortunately I can't say the same of my English surname. Like the majority of the English surnames, it is so common and ordinary, so humdrum and workaday.
It points not to heaven but to earth, and on earth not to the world of nature, made (as we say) by God, but to the works of men ─specifically, to the common (if important) task of warding off possible enemies from the local mill.
Hence in my boyhood I never liked my surname. I used it as sparingly as possible. On the other hand, I did like my Christian name, with its memory of St.Peter and its meaning of rock.
As for the Japanese, they have no such reason to be ashamed of their surnames.
Nevertheless, they have much reason to repeat them with delight, to reflect on their poetic associations, and even to form a philosophy of life on their basis.
Only, I am afraid that, in their case, too, the saying is true that “familiarity breeds contempt”, or rather, in their own wards, that “the foot of the lampstand is dark”.
They are too close to their own names ─as I was to my own in my boyhood─ to recognize their inner glory. They are, moreover, too close to the natural things to which their names refer to recognize the inner glory in them, either.
As with all wonder, it is necessary to view names and things not from close-up but from a distance. For, as we say, “distance lends charm” and “at night, at a distance, under an umbrella”.
New York chef Wayne Nish shapes chopped lamb and tuna into two tiny mountains and places them on a square white plate. He then drops a little caviar between them, like a waterfall flowing between two peaks. Little else is on the plate. “A customer might not realize that the idea for this presentation comes from Japanese cuisine,” Nish says,“ but the influence is great.” The same could be said of the New York restaurant scene. Over the past ten years, Japanese cuisine has spread beyond Manhattan sushi bars and into ordinary restaurants, where the chefs are blond and into the menus are in English. Kitchens are likely to begin a meal with edamame in place of dinner rolls, serve fish raw rather than deep-fried and use soba instead of pasta. Sometimes the Japanese influence is as subtle as a drop of ponzu added to a dressing; at other times it's much less subtle, such as mashed potatoes creamed with wasabi. So many of the finest New York chefs work Japanese ingredients or techniques into their cooking that Ruth Reichl, editor of a famous food magazine, says:“I would say there are none that don't.”
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, while brief and relatively small, stands as a pivotal event in the formation of a new country, Canada. The battle, lasting little more than a half hour, would ultimately bring French colonial rule in North America to an end, secure British control of present day Canada and unite two previously antagonistic peoples. In retrospect, the ability of the French and English to compromise after the Vattle of the Plains of Abraham was important in the formation of Canada. As great as the effects of the battle proved to be, however, proportions among later generations of Canadians.