I wish I (have) not (caught) a cold last Sunday. Would you (mind) (my) using this phone? Take an umbrella with you in (case) it rains. There are no (more) than two eggs (left) in the refrigerator.
さっぱりわからなくて困っています。片岡氏以外の方、お願いします。 片岡氏は絶対にお断りです。回答を書かないでください。 〔問〕次の( )内に入る適語を下から選び、必要があれば適切な形に直してください。 (1) I am fond of ( ) on the grass. (2) He has five ( ); two sons and three daughters. (3) I have ( ) him for three years. (4) She is ( ) than any other girl in her class. (5) ( ) we started early, we arrived late.
>>6 The Internet has been prevailing all over the world. The Internet has been making progress. The Internet has been becoming all the more efficient with skype and others.
>>37 大丈夫だよ。 This is the company to which I belong. This is the company which I belong to. This is the company that I belong to. This is the company I belong to. 以上が大丈夫な例。 This is the company to that I belong.は間違いです。
94 :片岡数吉 ◆X8bUvIiQ1A :2009/05/21(木) 07:50:54 >>62 自分が本当に納得できていないのに分かったかのように思考を停止してしまうことは善いことは正直ではないです。 納得できないなら納得していないと言い、あなたは納得させることが出来ませんとはっきり相手に伝えることは誠実なことだと思います。 I have a piano. The piano is an old one. There are some pianos at my school. But the piano at my home is nicer than the pianos at my school. I like pianos. I played the piano at a piano class in the town. I played the piano at schools. I played the piano at college. I play the piano at concerts. I play the piano at church.
この中の But the piano at my home is nicer than the pianos at my school. が間違っているのって分かりますか?
That piano is better than any other piano at school. 学校のピアノを比べるときにはこう言うけど The piano at my home is better than any other piano at my school. なんて言い出す馬鹿と一緒だねえ
@I belong to a company. AThis is the company. BThis is the company [ which I belong to ]. belong to〜、のまとまりが強いので CThis is the company [ to which I belong ]. は少し無理を感じます
>>78 三つ目 One day when an old man was hunting, he saw a large deer with beautiful horns behind a tree. It was the largest and most magnificent deer that he has ever seen.
>>78 僕の家の前でトムが背の高い少女と話しているのを見た、 その少女は髪に黄色いリボンをつけていた。 In front of my house, I saw [ Tom talking with a tall girl [ who wore a yellow ribbon on her hair ] ].
一昨日、私たちは1日100ドルで車を借りて、 島のあちこちをドライムしました。 The day before yesterday, we rented a car for a hundred dollars a day and drove around the island.
ある日老人係をしていた時、 木の後ろに美しい角の生えた大きなシカを見ました。 それは彼が今ままでに見たうちで一番大きく、立派でした。 One day, [ when the old man was hunting ], he saw a big dear with beautiful horns behind a tree. It was the biggest and the most magnificient (or brilliant) dear that he had ever seen.
ある日老人係をしていた時、 木の後ろに美しい角の生えた大きなシカを見ました。 それは彼が今ままでに見たうちで一番大きく、立派でした。 One day, [ when the old man was hunting ], he saw a big deer with beautiful horns behind a tree. It was the biggest and the most magnificient (or brilliant) deer [ that he had ever seen ].
College students weren't alone in sailing pie tins. 「大学生達はパイ皿投げで一人ではありませんでした。」
昔々、アメリカの大学でパイ皿投げが流行っていたことを説明した次の段落の冒頭なのですが 上記のように和訳したところ意味が通りません。この後には A man named Walter Morrison did the same thing as a child. 「Walter Morrisonという男は無邪気にそれを真似た。」 という文が続くのですが、どういう和訳をするべきなのでしょうか?
>>131 @The shirt needs [ washing ]. AThe shirt needs [ to be washed ].
BThe shirt needs. CI wash the shirt.
DThe shirt needs my washing. EThe shirt is washed by me. CをBに繋ぐのです。 Cの動詞を捉えて繋いでみましょう。 動詞の原形←ing の形にします。 それで@になります。 Dでもいいです。 今度はCの主語述語を捉えて簡単にして繋いでみましょう。 The shirt needs [ me to wash it ]. itが嫌な感じです。 CをDに変えて繋いでみましょう。 The shirt needs [ to be washed (by me) ]. 無駄な物がありません。 これにしようとなって Aの言い方になるのです。 まとめると分詞動名詞は動詞を捉えて繋ぎ、そのまま繋ぐだけでいい。 不定詞は主語述語を捉えて繋ぎ、繋ぐ先との関係の細かい考慮が必要。
今度はCの主語述語を捉えて簡単にして繋いでみましょう。 The shirt needs [ me to wash it ]. itが嫌な感じです。 CをDに変えて繋いでみましょう。 The shirt needs [ to be washed (by me) ]. 無駄な物がありません。 これにしようとなって Aの言い方になるのです。 まとめると分詞動名詞は動詞を捉えて繋ぎ、そのまま繋ぐだけでいい。 不定詞は主語述語を捉えて繋ぎ、繋ぐ先との関係の細かい考慮が必要。
@The shirt needs. AIt will be washed. を元に考えてみましょう。 Aの述語動詞washedを捉えて、動詞の原形←ing にしてBになる。 BThe shirt needs washing. Aの主語述語を捉えて不定詞にしてCとなる。 CThe shirt needs to be washed.
>>143 現在形と過去形が時制の基準になります。 @He *reads a book. AHe *can read English books. BHe *is reading a book. CMany English books *are read by him. DHe *has read three English books this week.
He *read a book. He *could read English books. He *was reading a book. Many English books *were read by him. He *had read three English books this week. *の部分が形として、前半は現在形、後半は過去形です。
doing as ... do 実際に…であるので Living as they do in a different world from adults, children have problems peculiar to themselves. 実際おとなとは異なる世界に住んでいるので, 子供たちには子供たち特有の問題がある.
as it(=her victory) did(=came)は、comingという分詞を強調する役割を果たしている。
>>166 前置詞句というのはat the table を構造からみた概念(つまり前置詞at を中心 に成り立っている) 一方形容詞句というのはat the table を機能からみた概念(つまりat the table が his jokes の掛って形容詞の働きをしている) よって質問者のような表現の仕方はなんら問題がない。 形容詞的前置詞句などという独りよがりの言い方はぜんぜん説得力がなく噴飯ものw
The ministry of Health and Welfare and five drug companies finally admitted their roles in the distribution of tainted blood product. 厚生労働省と5つの製薬会社がついに、汚染された血液製剤の頒布(or販売)に“関与”したことを認めた。 Her own life is a wonderful example of this philosophy . 彼女自身の生活がこの哲学の見事な見本だったのである。
〔過去分詞〕 機能上は完了と受動の2つの意味に大別される。主動詞としての完了はhave、hasを伴って 現在完了、hadを伴って過去完了。名詞を修飾する場合の完了は、自動詞の場合で、 名詞前位修飾に用いられて、完了の結果としての永続的な状態を表すが、動詞の種類 としては、位置あるいは状態の変化を表す変移動詞に限られる。 主動詞としての受動は、be、get、becomeなどを伴って、 主語が受けた動作を表す動作受動態(Another of our new cups got broken last night. 昨夜新しいカップがまた一つ壊された)と、be、appear、seem、remainなどを伴って、 その動作を受けた結果や状態を表す状態受動態(The door remained locked.ドアは鍵がかけられたままであった) の2つに分けられる。 名詞を修飾する場合の受動は、名詞前位修飾の場合はその名詞の永続的な、あるいは 本質に関わる特性や状態を表す:a captured enemy(捕虜になった敵兵)、a paid bill (支払い済みの請求書)、an admired friend(友人の誰からも慕われている人)、 the closed door(開かずの扉)。後位修飾の場合は、動詞としての性質が強く、 一時的な行為や状態を表す:the door closed(閉ざされた扉[一時的に閉ざされた状態の扉])
the wars in Japan's history presumably acted as natural selection and the more intelligent individuals managed to survive and reproduce more often than the less intelligent, thus leaving behind a more and more intelligent population
>>162 Shizuka gave a flawless and technically brilliant display @静香は、B淀みのない技術的に素晴らしい演技を行った [ that elecctrified the audience and greatly impressed the judges ]. A観客をしびれさせ審判に大いに印象づける
>>197 The wars in Japan's history presumably acted as natural selection, and the more intelligent individuals managed [ to survive and reproduce more often [ than the less intelligent (do) ] ], [ thus leaving behind a more and more intelligent population ]. こうしてだんだんより多くの知的能力の高い者達を残すようになった The anscesters left more and more intelligent descendants.
>>215 なぜ?と考え始めると英語の歴史まで遡る必要があることもあるから 理系的な思考で解決できることばかりではないよね。 完了系については、昔は語順が今とは異なっていて 分詞のような使われ方をしていたと聞いた。 ただの説なのか真実なのかは知らないが。 今の語順→ I have solved the problem. 昔の語順→ I have the problem solved.
We need to know what controls the number of fish in different regions. このwhatは関係代名詞か疑問詞かどっちでしょうか。関係代名詞なら「違う地域において魚の数を制御するもの」疑問詞なら「何が違う地域において魚の数を制御しているか」 と訳せますよね。どっちでもいけるような気がするんですけど。
>>220 @who is the girl [ waving her hand ]? Awho is the girl [ that is waving her hand ]? 同じと思う。 Aは丁寧、@は言葉節約 と思う。
1 名前:名無しさん@英語勉強中 :2009/05/30(土) 21:56:05 We need to know what controls the number of fish in different regions. このwhatは関係代名詞か疑問詞かどっちでしょうか。関係代名詞なら「違う地域において魚の数を制御するもの」疑問詞なら「何が違う地域において魚の数を制御しているか」 と訳せますよね。どっちでもいけるような気がするんですけど。
これね 定形動詞句 定形動詞は単一動詞句と複合動詞句に分けられる。 複合動詞句は2つ以上の動詞を含むもので、含まれる動詞には4つのタイプがある。 A:助動詞+本動詞 B:完了相 C:進行相 D:受動態 この4つのタイプは互いに結合することが可能であるが、その場合、 必ずABCDの順に配列されなければならない。 AB:He may have visited. AC:He may be visiting. AD:He may be visited. BC:He has been visiting. BD:He has been visited. CD:He is being visited. ABC:He may have been visiting. ABD:He may have been visited. ACD:He may be being visited. BCD:He has been being visited. ABCD:He may have been being visited. これらの各動詞句において、一番右側の動詞が本動詞であり、 その他はすべて助動詞である。 さらに、単一、複合を問わず、動詞句の先頭が定形動詞の役を担う。 定形動詞とは、主語によって数、人称などが決定され、時制をもつ動詞である。
>>244 〔elseテスト〕 間接疑問文はその中にelseの生起を許容するが、関係代名詞節は許容しない 間接疑問文 I told them what else you had in that basket. 関係詞節 *I sold what else you had in that basket. (*は非文法的の意) 〔everテスト〕 関係代名詞節を導くwhatは接尾辞everをとりうるが、疑問詞はとれない。 関係詞節 I'll buy whatever he is selling. 疑問節 *I'll inquire whatever he is selling.
>>247 上に書いたテストは少し難しいかもしれないからもっと簡単な例文で考えるといい。 I don't know what he bought. これは間接疑問文。 「私は彼が何を買ったか知らない」 関係代名詞的に訳しても良さそうに見えるが間違い。 「私は彼が買った物を知らない」 具体的な物に置き換えて考えると分かりやすい。 買ったのが例えば靴下だとすると、関係代名詞と考えてしまうと、 Iは靴下という物自体を知らないことになる。 靴下って何?みたいな。 ちなみにelseテストをしてみてもelseは生起できる。 I don't know what else he bought. 私は彼がほかに何を買ったか知らない。
日本の学校の英文法って、例えば誰かがHe may have visit.っていう英文をつくった時、 ”定形動詞は単一動詞句と複合動詞句があって云々…しかるに…その英文は間違いなのだ”っていう教え方するわけ? 次から次へと専門用語ばかり羅列して。 なんか自分たちの理論で矛盾や例外がでると、それを無理やり新しく細分化させて専門用語を与えて誤魔化しているように感じちゃうんだけど。
Information about let go of in the free online English dictionary … という英文がありました。 まぁ、これが「〜についてのInformation」という名詞句というのはわかります。
問題は、let go of in the free online English dictionary の部分なんです。 これは一体どういう文法構成なんですか? about の対象になているのでこれも名詞句だとは思うんですが、 let go of 〜って名詞なのかなぁ?っていう疑問が出てきてしまって… だってletって動詞ですよね?
》》275 ぜんぜん難しきないじゃん Tom got married to Kathy when he was 27. But due to financial problems, they got divorced after 5 years of their marriage. A roumour has it that she now lives on her own in a flat in the town.
》》288 失礼の内容にな。 Can you please tell me the difference between contacting each other by emails and contacting on here, on the net? はじめの部分は多種多様の言い方がある。例: I'd appreciate it if you could tell me... (this m ay be too polite) Do you mind telling me ... (sounds a bit "demanding" Please tell me... (keep it simple like this one) etc
As long as excess friction is avoided, the laws of physics allow the roller coaster to complete its circuit on its own and give its riders a good scare in the process.
His(=Mr Gasparovic's) victory came not so much because he campaigned brilliantly, but more because Mr Meciar lost his cool in a televised debate between the rounds, reminding voters what a boorish old bully he was. [Ivan Gasparovic, new Slovak president / The Economist Apr 22nd 2004]
Iran's most significant victory came in the battles in the Haur al-Hawizeh marshes and the sezure of Iraq's oil-rich Majnoon Islands. [Encyclopedia of the Developing World / Thomas M. Leonard]
Perhaps the most impressive victory came in the Knickerbocker Handicap, in which Grey Lag carried 135 pounds to a near track-record victory. [Thoroughbred Champions / Blood-Horse, Inc]
Her(=Tracy Caulkins's) most dramatic victory came in the 400-meter medley over former Record Holder Ulrike Tauber, 20, who won the gold medal in Montreal. [Return of the Water Sprites / TIME Sep. 04, 1978]
Mr Aliyev's precipitous fall from grace is the second event to shake Kazakhstan's political scene in the past month, coming as it did just several weeks after parliament amended the constitution to remove the term limit on President Nursultan Nazarbayev. [Kazakhstan's politics / The Economist Jun 8th 2007]
Clinton strategists, perhaps wishfully, suggested that Super Tuesday may prove to be a high mark for Obama, coming as it did after a burst of good publicity surrounding his high-profile endorsements and after Clinton stumbled in South Carolina. [It's Not Over Yet / TIME Feb. 07, 2008]
All this was no small feat, coming as it did in a market for which no foreign manufacturer has ever made a generator of over 500,000 kw. [Power Play / TIME Jan. 12, 1968]
It(=Ali Khameini's order) was an extraordinary intervention, coming as it did in the same week that Iranian officials took an uncompromising position into talks with European negotiators over Tehran's nuclear program. [Why Iran's Mullahs Are Feeling Lucky / TIME May. 24, 2005]
In a statement released ahead of the abduction's two-year anniversary, David Miliband spoke of the "anguish" suffered by their families, saying: "We call on those holding all hostages to release them immediately and unconditionally and return them safely to their families where they belong." [Miliband calls for 'immediate release' of British hostages in Iraq / Guardian 28 May 2009]
Otherwise these majestic creatures will end up living out their days in zoos --banished forever from the wild where they belong. [Nowhere to Roam / TIME Aug. 23, 2004]
Heterotopic bone formation or ossification refers to the formation of trabecular bone at a location where it does not belong. [Complications in Surgery and Trauma / Stephen M. Cohn, Erik Barquist, Patricia M. Byers]
And then perhaps this misery of class-prejudice will fade away, and we of the sinking middle class--the private schoolmaster, the half-starved free-lance journalist, the colonel’s spinster daughter with £75 a year, the jobless Cambridge graduate, the ship’s officer without a ship, the clerks, the civil servants, the commercial travellers, and the thrice-bankrupt drapers in the country towns--may sink without further struggles into the working class where we belong, and probably when we get there it will not be so dreadful as we feared, for, after all, we have nothing to lose but our aitches. [The Road to Wigan Pier / George Orwell]
Even when the sexism is not built into the grammar and usage, as it is in French and English, the speech community often regards masculine values as the norm. (中略) Successive generations unconsciously absorb sexism in language because each speech community conveys to its children both a way to construct grammatical sentences and a value system for the use of its language.
1)He earns 100000 yen (a) month. 2)We hired a fishing boat by (the) hour. 3)This train runs at (a) rate of 130 kilometers (an) hour. 4)They used to buy cloth by (the) yard. 5)Will you pass me (the) salt, please? 6)He struck me on (the) head yesterday. 7)Many (×) tanker went through the straits. 8)We saw a small lake far in (the) distance. 9)All of (the) sudden, a fire alarm went off. 10)Do you like (a) tea for breakfast? 11)Do you prefer (the) city to (the) country?
>>333,335 ありがとうございます。 3)This train runs at the rate of 130 kilometers an hour. 7)Many a tanker went through the straits. 8)We saw a small lake far in the distance. 9)All of a sudden, a fire alarm went off. 10)Do you like tea for breakfast? なんですね。ありがとうございました。
連投すみません。 まだ問題の続きがあるんですが、こちらの修正もどうかお願い致します。 12)I don't know why such (a) strange (×) thing happened. 13)Two of (the) trade seldom agree. 14)This is (the) very rare species of butterfly. 15)He is not so (×) thoughtful (a) man as you think. 16)He is a lover of (the) good and (×) beautiful. 17)He makes it (a) rule to watch the nine o'clock TV news. 18)Japan is (a) small country, but it has (a) large population. 19)That was (×) quite (a) exciting game. 20)I'm (the) only daughter in my family. 21)(A) book on the desk is (the) interesting one about (the) history. 22)However good (a) plan we may make, she will not accept it. 23)Kenji is at (×) school now. If you want to see him, you had better go to (×) school by (×) bus.
>>346 13)Two of (a) trade seldom agree. 14)This is (a) very rare species of butterfly. 16)He is a lover of (the) good and (the) beautiful. 19)That was (×) quite (an) exciting game. 21)(The) book on the desk is (an) interesting one about (×) history. 23)Kenji is at (×) school now. If you want to see him, you had better go to (the) school by (×) bus.
My parents let (me put on TV )in my room. 両親は私が部屋にテレビを置くことを許してくれた They (tell me to watch) too much. 私にテレビを見すぎないように言います They (want ) with my family in the living room. 両親は私がもっと長い間居間で家族といっしょに過ごすことを望んでいます They ( ) about many things with them. 両親は私がいろいろなことを家族と話すことを期待しています
>>378 My parents let (me put TV )in my room. 両親は私が部屋にテレビを置くことを許してくれた They (tell me not to watch TV) too much. 私にテレビを見すぎないように言います They (want me to stay) with my family in the living room. 両親は私がもっと長い間居間で家族といっしょに過ごすことを望んでいます They (expect me to talk) about many things with them. 両親は私がいろいろなことを家族と話すことを期待しています
>>378 My parents let [ me put a TV in my room ]. 両親は私が部屋にテレビを置くことを許してくれた They tell me [ not to watch TV too much ]. 私にテレビを見すぎないように言います They want me [ to spend longer time with my family in the living room ]. 両親は私がもっと長い間居間で家族といっしょに過ごすことを望んでいます They want me [ to talk of various things with my family ]. 両親は私がいろいろなことを家族と話すことを期待しています
ミス訂正 >>378 My parents let (me put the TV [set])in my room. 両親は私が部屋にテレビを置くことを許してくれた They (tell me not to watch TV) too much. 私にテレビを見すぎないように言います They (want me to stay) with my family in the living room. 両親は私がもっと長い間居間で家族といっしょに過ごすことを望んでいます They (expect me to talk) about many things with them. 両親は私がいろいろなことを家族と話すことを期待しています
>>391 「誰によって、という情報が書かれていないからな。 自分で切ったかもしれないし、他人に切ってももらったのかもしれない。」 っていってるけど、そしたらこれは「私は私に自分の髪を切らせた」という不自然な感じになるよね。 だから「I had my hair cut.」は「(他の人に)髪を切ってもらせた、切ってもらった」というのが普通でしょ。
>>331 1)He earns 100,000 yen [ a month ]. 2)We hired a [ fishing ] boat [ by the hour ]. 時間単位で 3)This train runs at the rate of 130 kilometers [ an hour ]. 1時間に付き 4)They used to buy cloth [ by the yard ]. 5)Will you pass me the salt, please? 6)He struck me [ on the head ] yesterday. 頭の個所を 7)Many [ a tanker ] went through the straits. 8)We saw a small lake far in the distance. 9)All of a sudden, a fire alarm went off. 10)Do you like tea for breakfast? 11)Do you prefer a city to a country?
23 [vn] (used with a past participle) [~ sth done] to cause sth to be done for you by sb else: You’ve had your hair cut! We’re having our car repaired.
>>418 > ■1■日本語の意味に合うように不定詞を用いて英文を完成させなさい 私は終えなければならない仕事がたっぷりある。 I have(plenty of work to finish).
■2■日本語の意味に合うように( )の語句を並べ変えなさい 1)彼はその山に登るのは難しいとわかった。 He(found it difficult to climb the mountain). 2)君たちに伝えなければならない話がある I(have a story to tell you). 3)弟は21世紀が始まった年に生まれた。 My brother was born in(the year when the 21st century began). 4)彼女は家にいたい理由を私たちに話した。 She told us(the reason why she wanted)to stay home.
>>418 私は終えなければならない仕事がたっぷりある。 I have a lot of work [ to do ].
1)彼はその山に登るのは難しいとわかった。 He found [ it difficult [ to climb the mountain ] ]. 2)君たちに伝えなければならない話がある I have a story [ to tell you ]. 3)弟は21世紀が始まった年に生まれた。 My brother was born in the year [ when the 21st century began ]. 4)彼女は家にいたい理由を私たちに話した。 She told us the reason [ why she wanted [ to stay home ] ].
>>425 頭悪いなー。だから、have O ppがhave pp Oに逆転して現代の完了相になったわけ。 で、今はhad my hair cutを自分でやった話にしたくて仕方ないんだろ? それならhave O ppの完了の意味に捉えるしかない。 そうすると、完了で尚且つhadという過去形だから過去完了だろうに。
つまりhave O ppは古臭い完了形というわけだ。 だから、hadなら過去完了。 have O ppには@使役A受動B完了の3つしかない。 使役なら他人が切ったことになる。 受動でももちろん他人。 自分でやった可能性を無理矢理出すにはBしかない。 しかしppがcutであることと、hadという過去形であることが、完了の意味である可能性を消している。
例としていろいろあげられています。 The Tigers had the Giants beaten before the end of the fifth inning. It was a hard puzzle for me, but Jim had it figured out in five minutes. I was painting my car. I had it almost painted when a gust of wind came along and covered the wet paint with chicken feathers. I almost had a book stolen, but they caught me leaving the library.
My parents always (tell) me (to) (come) home before dinner. 両親はいつも夕食の時間までに帰ってくるように言う They (expect) all the family (to) (eat) dinner together. 両親は家族全員が一緒に夕食を食べることを期待している My father sometimes (ask) me (to) (help) him with the dishes. 父はときどき皿を洗うのを手伝って欲しいと私に頼む
I often (see) my friends (read) e-mail on their cell phones during class. 授業中に友達が携帯電話でメールを読むのをしばしば見かける I sometimes (hear) cell phones (to) during class. ときどき授業中に携帯電話が鳴る音が聞こえる Teachers should (make) the students (switch) off their cell phones. 先生は生徒に携帯電話のスイッチを切らせるべきだ
The Tigers had the Giants beaten before the end of the fifth inning. It was a hard puzzle for me, but Jim had it figured out in five minutes. I was painting my car. I had it almost painted when a gust of wind came along and covered the wet paint with chicken feathers. I almost had a book stolen, but they caught me leaving the library.
>>431 My parents always tells me [ to come home before dinner ]. 両親はいつも夕食の時間までに帰ってくるように言う They expect [ all the family to eat dinner together ]. 両親は家族全員が一緒に夕食を食べることを期待している My father sometimes asks me [ to help him with the dishes ]. 父はときどき皿を洗うのを手伝って欲しいと私に頼む I often see [ my friends read e-mail on their cell phones during class ]. 授業中に友達が携帯電話でメールを読むのをしばしば見かける I sometimes hear [ cell phones ring during class ]. ときどき授業中に携帯電話が鳴る音が聞こえる Teachers should make [ the students turn off their cell phones ]. 先生は生徒に携帯電話のスイッチを切らせるべきだ
>>444 じゃあ定義してみてください。 そしてhave + o + 過去分詞が誰か他人を使わした行為、100%、他人から受ける行為だという証明をしてみてください。
そして、例に挙げられている The Tigers had the Giants beaten before the end of the fifth inning. It was a hard puzzle for me, but Jim had it figured out in five minutes. I was painting my car. I had it almost painted when a gust of wind came along and covered the wet paint with chicken feathers. I almost had a book stolen, but they caught me leaving the library.
>>445 議論のすり替えは良くないよ。散髪のケースの話しかしてないぞ。 100%って何?そんな話知らないぞ。 使役動詞の定義は面倒くさいが、伝統文法における定義は動作が対象物に 一定の変化や影響を及ぼすような使役の意味を持ったもの。 John broke the glass.のbrokeが使役動詞だと知ってたか?
>>306 belongの意味が 1. to be in the right or suitable place 2. to feel comfortable and happy in a particular situation or with a particular group of people の場合は 関係副詞のwhereが使える。
このことは Where do these plates belong? I don’t feel as if I belong here. のような用例において 副詞が使われていることからも分かる。
Lets go to the concert hall [ *where she will play the mandolin ]. *そこで、と言う意味を持ち、hallに繋ぐ働きを持つ The day [ *when we went to the pool ] was very hot. *その時に、という意味を持ち、その日、につなぐ働きをする Tell me the reason [ *why you didnt come yesterday ]. *そういうわけで、という意味を持ち、理由、につなぐ働きを持つ I got [ lost ]. That is [ *why I couldnt arrive on time ]. *なぜ、という意味を持ち、その理由という意味も持つ I listend to the English tapes many times. That's [ *how I mastered English ]. *どんなにして、という意味を持ち、そのやり方という意味も持つ
But just as alarming, say scholars and former prosecutors, has been the failure of the news media to press the prosecutors for answers, particularly at a crucial moment in Japan’s democracy, when the nation may be on the verge of replacing a half-century of Liberal Democratic rule with more competitive two-party politics.
As a nurse, if anything, she gave our poorest and most needy farm neighbors ─usually black─ her highest priority.
if anythingについて質問です。 「どちらかと言えば」という訳が載っていたのですが、何故そのような訳(意味)になるのですか? 英英辞典には「used when you are adding something to emphasize what you have just said 」と載っていたのですがいまいちピンと来ません
「アメリカなら、米は日本の5分の1程度の値段で手に入る」→「In America you can get rice at one-fifth the price it is in Japan.」 という文がありました。後半の「it is in Japan」は、主語と動詞を含む文ですよね?なぜこんなところに文が出てくるのですか?(主語+動詞がこの位置にこれる理由がわかりません) 関係代名詞でもなさそうですし・・・よろしくおねがいします。
いつも利用させてもらってます仮定方の問題が出たのですが分かりませんでした この間私の質問に答えてくれた方ありがとうございました。 日本語の意味に合うように( )を適当な形にして( )に入れなさい 1 もし私がリサの住所を知っていたら、彼女に年賀状を送ったのに。 (know/ will send) If I ( ) Lisa's address, I ( ) her a New Year's card. 2 もしジャックが私たちのチームに加わっていたら、私たちは試合に勝てたかもしれないのに。 (join/ may win) If Jack ( ) our team, we ( ) the match
日本語に合うように( )に適当な語を入れなさい 1 もし私があなたなら、すぐに彼女を手伝うのに。 If I ( ) you, I ( ) ( ) her at once. 2 もし雨が降っていなかったら、あなたはここから美しい湖を見ることができたのに。 If it ( ) ( ) ( ), you ( ) ( ) ( ) the beautiful lake from here. よろしくお願いします
TOEFLのtopicなのですが Universities should spend as much money on their sports programs as they spend on library facilities. このアイデアに賛成か反対かを問われています。 読解出来ないので、翻訳していただけませんか?
In addition to means of releasing the energy for their aggressive impulses, such initiation rites also serve to get them away from the rest of society at a time of their lives when their aggressive impulses could be dangerous.
成人式(?)は若者の成長に役立つといった文章なんですが この文の訳がいまいちわかりません(特にat a time前後の繋がり) どなたかよろしくお願いします
>>529 [ such initiation rites] [also serve] [to get them away from the rest of society] [at a time of their lives] [when their aggressive impulses could be dangerous.]
[ such initiation rites] [also serve] [to get them away from the rest of society] [at a time of their lives when their aggressive impulses could be dangerous.]
<In addition to means of releasing the energy for their aggressive impulses>, 彼らの攻撃的な衝動に対してエネルギーを放出する手段に加えて
such initiation rites also serve to get them(=impulses) away from the rest of society at a time of their lives それらの儀式の開始は彼らが生きている時代の社会の残った人々からそれらの衝動を遠ざけることに役立つ
<when their aggressive impulses could be dangerous>. 彼らの攻撃的な衝動が危険なものになりうるとき
仮定法というのは、実際あり得ないことを表すときに使うんですよね? ある英作文問題集をみていたら、「彼女へのお土産は何がいいと思う?」というのを英作文する問題で「What souvenir do you think would be the best for her?」となっていました。 仮定法を使う理由の解説で「もしお土産を何か買うならば」という仮定になった表現にできるからとなっていました。
I would be true, for there are those [ who trust me ]; I would be pure, for there are those [ who care ]; I would be strong, for there is much [ to suffer ]; I would be brave, for there is much [ to dare ]; I would be brave, for there is much [ to dare ].
I would be friend of all—the foe, the friendless; I would be giving, and forget the gift; I would be humble, for I know my weakness; I would look up, and laugh, and love and lift. I would look up, and laugh, and love and lift.
I would be faithful through each [ passing ] moment; I would be constantly in touch with God; I would be strong [ to follow [ where He leads me ] ]; I would have faith [ to keep the path [ Christ trod ] ]; I would have faith [ to keep the path [ Christ trod ] ].
Who is so low [ that I am not his brother ]? Who is so high [ that I’ve no path to him ]? Who is so poor, [ that I may not feel his hunger ]? Who is so rich [ I may not pity him ]? Who is so rich [ I may not pity him ]?
Who is so hurt [ I may not know his heartache ]? Who sings for joy [ my heart may never share ]? Who in God’s heaven has passed beyond my vision? Who to Hell’s depths [ where I may never fare ]? Who to Hell’s depths [ where I may never fare ]?
May none, then, call on me for [ understanding ], May none, then, turn to me for help in pain, And drain alone his bitter cup of sorrow, Or find he knocks upon my heart in vain. Or find he knocks upon my heart in vain.
>>529 Many cultures of the world have initiation rites that take young men out of day-to-day society and require to prove themselves by personal trials and exploits.
In addition to providing an outlet for their aggressive impulses, such initiation rites also serve to get them away from the rest of society at a time of their lives when their aggressive impulses could be dangerous.
彼女へのお土産は何がいいと思う? A: [ What souvenir ] do you think [ would be the best for her ]? B: I think [ Prada would be the best for her ]. A: Oh, my! I don't have enough money [ to buy one ]! I will buy Prada imitation for her. B: Imitation! Oh, my God! もしお土産を何か買うならば
>>592 アメリカは移民の国なので、英語をどんどん簡単にして誰でも使えるようにしようという傾向があるのです。 イギリスではwhomです。 ですが、ハリーポッターの映画では、イギリス人の子供達がwhoで言っています。 ハリウッド映画だからです。 イギリスでも若者達は英語を崩して使う傾向があります。 遊び心でしょうね。 イギリスから来たALTが My favorite food is different to my friend's. と言ったのにはびっくりしました。
Is a young man here? No, one is not. Is he in the park? No, he is not in the park. Is he a Russian? No, he is not a Russian. Does he play soccer? No, he does not play soccer. Is he handsome? No, he is not handsome.
>>626 @You are afraid. 命令文「〜せよ」を作るときは「する」の do を追加する AYou do be afraid. 肯定の命令は you do を省略して BBe afraid. 否定の命令は you を省略して do の後に not を付ける CDo not be afraid.
To whom does this coat belong ? この訳は“このコートはだれのですか?と判ったのですが” 分の構造や文法などがわかりません。なぜ、文頭に“To whom ”が来るのか、 またその役割は何なのか等、教えてもらえると助かります。 また、このような使い方は、参考書などで調べる場合、どこのカテゴリーを 調べればよいのかもし判るようであれば、教えてください。 よろしくお願いします。
Coming home late that night, he was surprised to find that his children enjoyed playing.
It is generally believed that the Japanese language is difficult for foreigners to master it.
上の2文は各分におかしいところが1箇所あります。どこで、どう直せば良いか教えて下さい。
どんなに速く運転しても、その列車には間に合いませんよ。 You won't be able to catch the train (drive/no/fast/you/how/matter) 彼のお父さんは、僕が名前を聞いた事のない会社の社長です。 His father is the president (I've/name/heard/a company/whose/never/of)of. その政治家は批判されることに慣れているようだ。 The politican (be/being/to/to/appears/used)criticized. 旅行に参加したい人は誰でも、この申込用紙に記入しなければならない。 (must/join/the tour/hoping/anyone/to) fill in this application from.
>>648 enjoyed→were enjoying 最後のit→× no matter how fast you drive of a company whose name I've never heard appears to be used to being Anyone hoping to join the tour must
どんなに速く運転しても、その列車には間に合いませんよ。 You won't be able to catch the train [ no matter how fast you drive ]. 彼のお父さんは、僕が名前を聞いた事のない会社の社長です。 His father is the president of a company [ whose name I have never heard of ]. その政治家は批判されることに慣れているようだ。 The politican appears [ to be used to [ being criticized ] ]. 旅行に参加したい人は誰でも、この申込用紙に記入しなければならない。 Anyone [ hoping [ to join the tour ] ] must fill in this application from.
It is not uncommon for strained relationships to develop between an adolescent and his parents. In his great eagerness to achieve adult status, the young person may resent any restrictions placed upon him. Oftentimes he is not willing to admit, even to himself, that he has doubts and fears about taking on adult responsibilities and freedom. The adolescent may say that his parents are over-anxious and over-protective whereas, though not aware of it, heis projecting his own anxiety into them.
>>671 It is not uncommon [ for [ strained ] relationships to develop between an adolescent and his parents ]. In his great eagerness [ to achieve adult status ], the young person may resent any restrictions [ placed upon him ]. Oftentimes, he is not willing [ to admit, even to himself, [ that he has doubts and fears about [ taking on adult responsibilities and freedom ] ]. The adolescent may say [ that his parents are over-anxious and over-protective [ whereas, [ though not aware of it ], he is projecting his own anxiety into them ]. これが語のまとまりです。 一度自分で考えてください。
>>672 [ Just as [ alarming ], say scholars and former prosecutors, [ has been the failure of the news media [ to press the prosecutors for answers ] ] ], 〜
[ Just as scholars and former prosecutors say [ alarming has been the failure of the news media [ to press the prosecutors for answers ] ] ], 〜
しかありえない。
従属節の主語はalarming
scholars and former prosecutors が主語、sayが動詞で それ以外の部分(just as alarmingも含めて)が目的語になるのでしょうか。 その場合、省略されているthatの節の中の構造はどうなっているのでしょうか。
>>495 But just as alarming, [ say scholars and former prosecutors ], has been the failure of the news media [ to press the prosecutors for answers ], particularly at a crucial moment in Japan’s democracy, [ when the nation may be on the verge of [ replacing a half-century of Liberal Democratic rule with more competitive two-party politics ] ] ].
But scholars and former prosecutors say [ that the failure of the news media [ to press the prosecutors for answers ] has been just as alarming as that,
particularly at a crucial moment in Japan’s democracy, [ when the nation may be on the verge of [ replacing a half-century of Liberal Democratic rule with more competitive two-party politics ] ] ].
*Scholars and former prosecutors **say [ that *the *failure of the news media [ to press the prosecutors for answers ] **has **been just as alarming as that ].
>>672 *Scholars and former prosecutors **say [ that *the *failure of the news media [ to press the prosecutors for answers ] **has **been just as alarming as that ].
*Scholars and former prosecutors **say 学者達や旧検察官達は言う
[ that *the *failure of the news media [ to press the prosecutors for answers ] ニュースメディアが検察官達に返答するよう追求することに失敗したことが **has **been just as alarming as that ]. そのことと同等に驚嘆すべきことであった
[I think] [this] [could have a friend I've dreamed of] [the day you get laid.] (直訳:私は思う、 それはずっと夢見望んできた友を得ることになろう。 貴方が寝てくれたその日に) 「意訳:俺はなぁ! お前と寝ることをずっと夢見てきたんだよぉおおおお」
>>781 1.食べ過ぎを避ける一つの方法は、朝食を抜かず1日3食食べることです。 One way to (avoid) (eating) (too) much is (to ) (eat) three times a day (without) (skipping) breakfast. 2.そんなに怒ってはいないが、嘘をつかれたのが嫌だ。 I'm (not) (so) mad , (but) I (don't) (like) (being) lied.
Circumstances being different, I would have done it. っていう文はなんか気持ち悪くないか? 主文のほうが仮定法過去なのはわかるけど、英文って左から右へ読むんだから、 はじめの分詞構文のところでは「今、環境が違っているので」くらいの意味しか感じ取れない。
分詞構文のところと、I would have done it.のところがうまく意味がつながらないような気がするんだが...
if節を用いない仮定法の例 〔不定詞〕 To see him behave like that, you would think him crazy. 〔分詞構文〕 Left to himself, he might have gone mad. 〔副詞句〕 But for water to drink, we could not live. Ten years ago, his theory would not have been generally accepted. 〔名詞+and〕 A single misstep, and I might have fallen over the precipice. 〔主語〕 A normal child would not have laughed at such a cruelty.
>>813 (1) has passed を入れた文は誤りとみなされます。 また、since の後は過去形になります。 正しいのは↓のどれかです。これは覚えるしかありません。
It is three years since I graduated from school. = It has been three years since I graduated from school.(米式) Three years have passed since I graduated from school.
>>826 1:同じ意味にはならないよ。could notはcannotと同じ意味。 have ppは行為が過去であることを表し、cannotは今判断してることを表す。 could notにしても、過去形にして婉曲表現にしてるだけで、現在の判断。 ただし、間接話法の中ではcould not have ppで、〜したはずはなかった、 の意味になる。 2:普通に存在する
君はその本を読みましたか [ you / the book / read / Did]? No 彼女たちは服を買いましたか [ they / clothes / buy / Did]? No 彼らはロシア語を学びましたか [ they / Russian / study / Did]? Yes 試合で勝ちましたか [ game / the / win / you / Did]? Yes 我々は最善を尽くしたのだろうか [ we / our best / do / Did]? No 彼は少年の名前を覚えていましたか [ he / the boy's / name / remember / Did]? Yes
>>848 すいません、英語は苦手なもので Did you win the game? Yes, I did. Did we do our best? No, we didn't. Did he remember name the boy's? Yes, he did. これで大丈夫でしょうか?よろしかったら見てはいただけないでしょうか?
その容疑者はその時そこにいたことを否認した。 The suspect denied ( ) ( ) there then. 何か座るものを見つけよう。 Let's find something to ( ) ( ) 日本の学生はスキーに行くのが好きらしい。 Japanese students ( ) ( ) be fond of ( ) ( ) 人間が月で生活することは可能だと思います。 I think ( ) possible ( ) man to live on the moon. この問題は討議する価値がある。 This problem is ( ) ( ). 覚えるにはもっと時間がかかるだろう。 I think it will ( ) ( ) ( ) to learn. あなたは誰から自転車の乗り方を習ったのですか ( ) whom did you learn ( ) ( ) ride a bicycle? その単語の意味が分からないのなら、辞書を引けばいい。 If you are't sure of the meaning of the word, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) do is to look it up in the dictionary.
Does Nancy sell cookies? Does the company build the dam? Does the train go to Sendai? Do you believe in Santa Claus?
過去形にして訳す問題なのですが Did Nancy sell cookies? ナンシーはクッキーを販売しましたか? Did the company build the dam?会社はダムを建設しましたか? Did the train go to Sendai?列車は仙台へ向かいましたか? Did you believe in Santa Claus?あなたはサンタクロースを信じましたか? で合ってるでしょうか?お願いします
正午までに仕事をしてしまわなばならない。 I (have/done/the work/to/get) before noon. 彼らは立ってポスターを見ていた。 They (looking/poster/stood/the/at) これは私が自分で描いた絵です。 This is (my/picture/own/a/painting/of) 君は私の忠告に従っておけばいいのです。 (have/to/follow/you/do/all/is) my advice. 白いカーネーションをつけているのがジルです。 (one/a/carnation/the/wearing/white) is Jill. 彼の演奏は申し分無かった。 His (be/left/desired/performance/to/nothing) 彼とうまくやっていくのは大変難しい。 (is/to/very difficult/he/get/with/along) どうぞその犬を放さないように注意してください。 Please be (loose/to/not/let/careful/the dog) 彼女が時間通りに来るのは確かですか? Are you (coming/on/of/her/sure/time)?
It is part of the common wisdom of the human race to recognize that ’’everybody is a little crazy’’
It is this knowledge, about ourselves as well as others, that keeps us in touch with sanity. and it is one of the paradoxes of mental health that the person who never questions his own sanity is the one most likely to lose contact with reality.
>>871 ありがとうございます、よろしかったらこちらの日本語に合う英文を作る問題も見てはもらえないでしょうか? お父様はその学校で教えていらっしゃいましたか Did father teach at the school? あなたはそこにタクシーで行かれましたか Did you go to there by taxi? 彼女は夫に誕生日の贈り物あげましたか Did she give the present of the birthday to a husband? 彼は電話を使いましたか Did he use the telephone?
>>883 お父様はその学校で教えていらっしゃいましたか Did your father teach at the school? あなたはそこにタクシーで行かれましたか Did you go there by taxi? 彼女は夫に誕生日の贈り物あげましたか Did she give a birthday present to her husband? 彼は電話を使いましたか Did he use the telephone?
>>872 正午までに仕事をしてしまわなばならない。 I have [ to get [ the work done ] before noon ]. 彼らは立ってポスターを見ていた。 They stood [ looking at the poster ]. これは私が自分で描いた絵です。 This is a picture of [ my own painting ]. 君は私の忠告に従っておけばいいのです。 All [ you have [ to do ] ] is [ follow my advice ]. 白いカーネーションをつけているのがジルです。 The one [ wearing a white carnation ] is Jill. 彼の演奏は申し分無かった。 His performace left nothing [ to be desired ]. 彼とうまくやっていくのは大変難しい。 He is very difficult [ to get along with ]. どうぞその犬を放さないように注意してください。 Please be careful [ not to let [ the dog loose ] ]. 彼女が時間通りに来るのは確かですか? Are you sure of [ her coming on time ]?
>>875 It is part of the common wisdom of the human race [ to recognize [ that "everybody is a little crazy" ] ] .
It is this knowledge about ourselves as well as others [ that keeps us in touch with sanity ].
And it is one of the paradoxes of mental health そのことは精神医学の逆説の1つである [ that the person [ who never questions his own sanity ] is the one most likely [ to lose contact with reality ] ]. 自分自身の正常性を問い質さない者は 現実についての繋がりを最も無くしやすい者であること
彼とうまくやっていくのは大変難しい。 He is very difficult [ to get along with ]. どうぞその犬を放さないように注意してください。 Please be careful [ not to let [ the dog loose ] ]. 彼女が時間通りに来るのは確かですか? Are you sure of [ her coming on time ]?
異国に一人残されるのは、どんな感じかお分かりですか。 Do you (it is/know/what/left/be/like/to) alone in a foreign country? 健康にあらゆる冨にまさると言っても過言ではない。 (not/say/too/it is/much/to) that health is above wealth. ジョンは夕食後に新聞を読むことにしている。 John (reading/point/a/makesof) newspapers after dinner. 学校の帰りに手紙を出すのを忘れないでください。(3語不要) Will you remember (your/to/sending/a/mail/during/on/the letter) way home from school? その件に関しては、私は彼の意見に反対せざるを得ない。 I (cannot/the matter/object/as to/but/his opinion/to) 来年には流行遅れになるのに、そんな高い服を買うなんて意味がない。 If doesn't make (such/to/buy/expensive/an/sense) dress when it'll be out of fashion next year. メアリーが髪を風になびかせてそこに立っているのが見えた。 I saw (hair/her/Mary/standing/there/waving/with) in the wind. もっと早くお返事をさしあげることをせずにおりましたことをお許しください。 Please excuse me (answered/having/for/not/your) letter sooner.
>>900 異国に一人残されるのは、どんな感じかお分かりですか。 Do you (know what it is like to be left) alone in a foreign country? 健康にあらゆる冨にまさると言っても過言ではない。 (It is not too much to say) that health is above wealth. ジョンは夕食後に新聞を読むことにしている。 John (makes a point of reading) newspapers after dinner. 学校の帰りに手紙を出すのを忘れないでください。(3語不要) Will you remember (to mail the letter on your) way home from school? その件に関しては、私は彼の意見に反対せざるを得ない。 I (cannot but object to his opinion as to the matter) 来年には流行遅れになるのに、そんな高い服を買うなんて意味がない。 If doesn't make (sense to buy such an expensive) dress when it'll be out of fashion next year. メアリーが髪を風になびかせてそこに立っているのが見えた。 I saw (Mary standing there with her hair waving) in the wind. もっと早くお返事をさしあげることをせずにおりましたことをお許しください。 Please excuse me (for having not answered your) letter sooner.
わさびを少量刺身の上に載せて、醤油につけます。 [ horse-radish/a bit of/Put/the sashimi/on],[and/the soy sauce/into/it/dip]. 並び替えの問題で、前半は[ Put on the sashimi a bit of horse-radish]だと思うのですが後半がよくわからないためお願いします
Grounding himself in verses from the Koran, President Barack Obama on Thursday promised the Muslim world a new partnership with the U.S. based on mutual interest, mutual respect - and a promise to " say openly the things we hold in our hearts, and that too often are said only behind closed doors." And he delivered by the bucket, in a speech that first wooed his audience with lavish praise of Islam's contribution to global civilization, and then delivered some bracing messages on key points of conflict between the U.S. and its Muslim critics. • On Afghanistan, Obama emphasized that the Sept. 11 attacks had left the U.S. with no choice but to deny al-Qaeda a sanctuary there - squarely challenging the conspiracy theories that still prevail in Egypt and much of the Muslim world that question whether the attacks had in fact been carried out by extremists, who claimed responsibility for the event. "These are not opinions to be debated; these are facts to be dealt with," he said bluntly. The U.S. would bring its troops home immediately if it could be sure extremists would have no sanctuary in Afghanistan.
• Iraq was different, a war of choice that Obama himself had opposed. But he emphasized his responsibility to help Iraqis achieve a better future while stressing that his goal was to leave Iraq to the Iraqis - and he broke with President George W. Bush by saying bluntly that the U.S. had no interest in establishing permanent bases there. He also stressed that all U.S. troops would leave Iraq by 2012, in line with an agreement with the Iraqi government. (Read the full text of Obama's speech to the Muslim world.)
• On torture and the abuse of detainees at GuantÁnamo and elsewhere, Obama carefully distanced himself from some of the Muslim world's most toxic grievances against the U.S. war on terrorism. The fear generated by Sept. 11 had prompted some Americans to act in ways that contradicted their country's values and traditions, he said - a line likely to infuriate former Vice President Dick Cheney - but he stressed that he has already outlawed torture and vowed to close GuantÁnamo by next year, drawing raucous applause.
• The Israeli-Palestinian conflict marks perhaps the most enduring area of division between the U.S. and Muslim countries. On this subject, Obama's speech was an elegant walk on a balance beam: he unapologetically stressed that the bond between the U.S. and Israel was unbreakable, emphasizing that it was based on "the recognition that the aspiration for a Jewish homeland is rooted in a tragic history that cannot be denied." He cited the centuries of Jewish persecution in Europe that culminated in the Holocaust, which killed more Jews than Israel's current Jewish population. "Denying that fact is baseless, ignorant and hateful. Threatening Israel with destruction - or repeating vile stereotypes about Jews - is deeply wrong and only serves to evoke in the minds of Israelis this most painful of memories while preventing the peace that the people of this region deserve."
But he was just as forceful in describing the trauma of the Palestinians that began with their displacement by Israel's creation in 1948, which turned many into refugees and later included suffering the humiliations of occupation. Obama's description of a stalemate involving "two peoples with legitimate aspirations, each with a painful history that makes compromise elusive" offered both sides a narrative in which they could recognize their own interests. "If we see this conflict only from one side or the other, then we will be blind to the truth: the only resolution is for the aspirations of both sides to be met through two states, where Israelis and Palestinians each live in peace and security."
Obama bluntly rebuked Hamas for terrorism, offering the example of the U.S. civil rights struggle as an alternative. He also scolded Israel for its occupation of the West Bank, saying the U.S. did not accept "the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlement activity." He stressed both the Palestinian Authority's responsibility for improving Palestinian governance and Israel's obligation to ease the siege of Gaza and its security regime in the West Bank - though both sides would see the speech as short on specifics. Still, the audience warmed to a U.S. President using more forceful language on Israel than either of his two predecessors.
[ Grounding himself in verses from the Koran ], President Barack Obama on Thursday promised the Muslim world a new partnership with the U.S. [ based on mutual interest, mutual respect - and a promise [ to " say openly the things [ we hold in our hearts ] ], and [ that too often are said only behind [ closed ] doors ]." And he delivered by the bucket, in a speech [ that first wooed his audience with lavish praise of Islam's contribution to global civilization ], and then delivered some [ bracing ] messages on key points of conflict between the U.S. and its Muslim critics. • On Afghanistan, Obama emphasized [ that the Sept. 11 attacks had left the U.S. with no choice but [ to deny al-Qaeda a sanctuary there ]- [ squarely challenging the conspiracy theories [ that still prevail in Egypt and much of the Muslim world [ that question [ whether the attacks had in fact been carried out by extremists, [ who claimed responsibility for the event ] ]. "These are not opinions [ to be debated ]; these are facts [ to be dealt with ]," he said bluntly. The U.S. would bring its troops home immediately [ if it could be sure [ extremists would have no sanctuary in Afghanistan ] ].
• Iraq was different, a war of choice [ that Obama himself had opposed ]. But he emphasized his responsibility [ to help [ Iraqis achieve a better future ] [ while stressing [ that his goal was [ to leave Iraq to the Iraqis ] - and he broke with President George W. Bush by [ saying bluntly [ that the U.S. had no interest in [ establishing permanent bases there ] ] ]. He also stressed [ that all U.S. troops would leave Iraq by 2012, in line with an agreement with the Iraqi government ]. (Read the full text of Obama's speech to the Muslim world.)
• On torture and the abuse of detainees at GuantÁnamo and elsewhere, Obama carefully distanced himself from some of the Muslim world's most toxic grievances against the U.S. war on terrorism. The fear [ generated by Sept. 11 ] had prompted some Americans [ to act in ways [ that contradicted their country's values and traditions ] ], he said - a line [ likely to infuriate former Vice President Dick Cheney ] - but he stressed [ that he has already outlawed torture and vowed [ to close GuantÁnamo by next year ], [ drawing raucous applause ] ].
• The Israeli-Palestinian conflict marks perhaps the most [ enduring ] area of division between the U.S. and Muslim countries. On this subject, Obama's speech was an elegant walk on a balance beam: he unapologetically stressed [ that the bond between the U.S. and Israel was unbreakable ], [ emphasizing [ that it was based on "the recognition [ that the aspiration for a Jewish homeland is rooted in a tragic history [ that cannot be denied ] ] ] ]." He cited the centuries of Jewish persecution in Europe [ that culminated in the Holocaust, [ which killed more Jews than Israel's current Jewish population ] ]. " [ Denying that fact ] is baseless, ignorant and hateful. [ Threatening Israel with destruction - or [ repeating vile stereotypes about Jews ]- is deeply wrong and only serves [ to evoke in the minds of Israelis this most painful of memories [ while preventing the peace [ that the people of this region deserve ] ]."
But he was just as forceful in [ describing the trauma of the Palestinians [ that began with their displacement by Israel's creation in 1948 ], [ which turned many into refugees and later included [ suffering the humiliations of occupation ]. Obama's description of a stalemate [ involving "two peoples with legitimate aspirations, each with a painful history [ that makes compromise elusive]" offered both sides a narrative [ in which they could recognize their own interests ] ]. "[ If we see this conflict only from one side or the other ], then we will be blind to the truth: the only resolution is [ for the aspirations of both sides to be met through two states ], [ where Israelis and Palestinians each live in peace and security ]."
Obama bluntly rebuked Hamas for terrorism, [ offering the example of the U.S. civil rights struggle as an alternative ]. He also scolded Israel for its occupation of the West Bank, [ saying [ the U.S. did not accept "the legitimacy of [ continued ] Israeli settlement activity." He stressed both the Palestinian Authority's responsibility for [ improving Palestinian governance ] and Israel's obligation [ to ease the siege of Gaza and its security regime in the West Bank ] - [ though both sides would see the speech as short on specifics ]. Still, the audience warmed to a U.S. President [ using more forceful language on Israel than either of his two predecessors ].