The opening sequence of “Three Kings” is black humor of the blackest kind. The first Persian Gulf War has officially just ended. An American sergeant has his rifle aimed at an Iraqi soldier far off in the bone-dry desert. The Iraqi is waving a white flag but he is also grasping a weapon. “Are we shooting people what?” the sergeant asks his Army buddies. No one pays him any attention. The sergeant fires. The Iraqi falls to the ground, blood gushing from the wound in his neck. Close up of the confusion and terror in his eyes as death overtakes him. Pan to the American sergeant. On his face, a look of sheer disgust.
This is a movie that dares to criticize American's materialistic imperialism. This is a movie that also dares to suggest that war is not inevitable, not an essential aspect of human nature. Human beings, despite deep differences, can learn to respect and, yes, to love each other. In any war, there is no good side, no bad side. That is the movie's ultimate message. After seeing “Three Kings,” we can never see war in the same way again.
What makes “Three Kings” such great cinema, though, is that its ideas and message come by way of great characters and an action-packed story of adventure and combat. A cynical American army major and three of his underlings find a treasure map stuffed up the rear end of a captured Iraqi soldier. The map shows the location of a huge stash of gold bullion stolen from Kuwait by Saddam Hussein's troops. The four Americans decide to go after the gold. They set out in a stolen military vehicle, expecting to have a easy time of it. “We won't have to fire a shot,” the major tells his men. But things don't go as planned.
Japanese You e-mail means for me, that I too was interesting to you. You Really Japanese, see a picture of me nice? - OK, in the following messages I shall send you other pictures of me. Japanese, at me is present to you It is a lot of questions and I would like to ask them in the messages, I hope you will allow to me answers to them - OK? You for me the nice person, And on this for me it is important to know your opinion on some things. I think, that you read my structure and could see there, that I haves serious intentions to get acquainted with the good person for relations.
高校教材POLESTARUレッスンFの一文です。 "In a few hours," he reprted, "the black,being warmed most by the sun, had sunk so low that it was not hit by the sun; the dark blue,almost as low; the lighter blue not quite so much as the dark; the other colers, less as they were lighter; and the white remained on the surface of the snow." です。和訳お願いします。。。
長文ではございますが、よろしくお願いします。 Statistics show that about 15 to 20 percent of all couples are faced with an infertility condition. Factors which influence a couple's fertility are either physical (e.g., dysfunctions and deformities of reproductive organs, or immunologic factors such as antisperm antibodies), phychological(e.g., stresses related to work or financial concerns), or environmental (e.g., toxins and radiation).
The infertile couple can undergo a comprehensive fertility evaluation and if a treatable cause is identified, a team of fertility specialists will plan therapeutic interventions. Besides drug therapy to control hormonal imbalances, various technological procedures have been developed to help infertile couples become parents.
Artificial insemination (AI) is a simple process. First, the husband's or donor's semen is collected. Then it is deposited in the women's uterus or at the cervical os. The first successful AI took place in 1884 in the U.S.
The process which created the world famous first "test-tube baby" in 1978 is called in vitro fertilization (IVF). To trigger ovulation, the woman is administered a heavy amount of hormones and then her eggs are removed and united with the father's or donor's sperm in a laboratory test tube. Several of the resulting embryos are then implanted in the mother's uterus.
A method that has a higher success rate than IVF is gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Using a laparoscope, ova and sperm are inserted directly into the woman's fallopian tubes, where fertilization occurs as it would naturally. Then the embryos travel to the uterus for implantation. Scientists have invented a newer, more refined variation on this method which they call zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT).
To increase the likelihood that a couple will give birth to a healthy baby, a procedure called preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was established recently. It can best be explained in the following case study. A Louisiana husband and his wife were informed that they were each carrying one copy of the Tay-Sachs gene, which means they would have a 1-in-4 chance of conceiving a child with the disease. So, their embryos underwent PGD testing for the harmful gene. After technicians removed embryonic cells from those fertilized in vitro and examined them for the harmful gene, they were able to select only healthy embryos to implant into the mother's uterus. This method resulted in the birth of a healthy child who is not a carrier of the Tay-Sachs gene.
These advances in reproductive technology may seem marvelous, but they have raised some controversial issues. In Europe, some women over 60 have given birth using donated eggs and undergoing IVF. As mothering must be difficult at an age over 60 and the quality of a child's life is threatened, these cases are considered to be a misuse of IVF. Another concern is that PGD may be employed to make 'perfect babies' or for sex selection. When a sperm bank in California started to collect sperm of only outstanding men to create children with greater creativity and intelligence, many felt this was unacceptable, similar to the process of creating a super race. Other unresolved problems include: What should be done with fertilized ova which are not returned to the uterus? Should they be thrown away? Used for research? All of these are bioethical issues concerning the question "When does life actually begin?"
"I am so excited to be here and see so many people,"said one young woman,who had traveled half-way across the country from Colorado. "I was too young to come to the last big women's demonstration,but I think it is so important that my generation gets active to make sure we do not lose our freedom to make our own choices about our live." お願いします
The greatest scientific contribution of the Greeks was their approach. From about 800 B.C., the Greeks searched for general principles that would describe how nature works. In contrast to earlier thinkers, the Greeks applied human reason to the understanding of the processes of nature. The Greeks developed theories based on what they could prove. Unlike the great cultures that had come before them, the Greeks separated science from religion and mythology. As a result, their studies of astronomy produced results that went far beyond the knowledge of earlier times. In the fifth century B.C., the Greek philosopher Philolaus suggested that the Earth moved and was not at the center of the universe. In the fourth century B.C., the Greek astronomer Heracleides claimed that at least some planets moved around the Sun. The Greeks were also the first to think of mathematics as something more than a practical means of calculation and measurement. Over a period of eight hundred years, the Greeks developed methods of reasoning in geometry and algebra that form the basis for modern mathematics.
Practical applications, of course, were also of interest to the Greeks. Among the many discoveries of Archimedes (287?−212 B.C.) was an explanation of the principle of buoyancy. Perhaps the greatest Greek scientist was Aristotle(384−322 B.C.), who made many practical contributions. He not only laid out a system of rational thought we call logic, but he is also recognized as the father of the life sciences. Aristotle examined and classified more than five hundred species of animals, and his student Theophrastus did the same for a similar number of plant species. The practical approach of the Greeks also led to advances in medical science. The fifth-century B.C. Greek physician Hippocrates is called the father of medicine because he rejected the idea that illness was the result of supernatural causes. Greek physicians were the first to dissect the human body, beginning about 500 B.C., in order to learn how the body really functioned. By 100 B.C., Greece had declined, and Rome was supreme in the Mediterranean world. The Romans found many uses for Greek knowledge, especially in engineering and construction. As the Roman Empire spread, so did the extent of Greek learning. When the empire collapsed toward the end of the fifth century A.D., scientific inquiry came to an end in Europe for nearly a thou, sand years. The Dark Ages had begun.
I am writing to tell you how deeply unfair I think it is for you and the company to ask me to accept a transfer to a dangerous, trouble-spot location like the Congo where it will be impossible for my family to accompany me.
A two-year absence with only a month's leave in between would put undue hardship on all of us , particularly on my life, and especially at this most criti-cal time in my children's lives and education. I have been a loyal and diligent employee of Walters Industries since graduating from university nearly twen-ty years ago, and you would think Iwould have some rights and say-so in the matter.
I realize that you consider this a promotion of sorts, but it is one promotion I can do without. Won't you please reconsider? Isn't there someone else, yonger and with less outside responsibility, who can take the job? Naturally, I do not want to leave the company, but force my hard, I may have no choice.
I am sorry you feel as you do. Yes, it is a hardship post, and yes, it will mean being separated from your family for a while. As I told you earlier, we will do everything possible to insure that your wife and children are well taken care of in your absence. You were chosen for the job because of your valuable expertise and experience. I though you would be proud and please.
The reality is that you'll either accept this transfer or stay here and take a substantial cut in pay. In today's economic climate we all must do what is necessary to stay afloat. It's your choice, Sam.
Official estimates through 2010 made by the world bank and fao say that we will continue to have a surplus of food. However, they do not take into account several major problems in food production. More and more farmland is being used for houses and factories as the population grows. Overgrazing has destroyed some pasture land. Croplands are suffering from erosion. Moreover,each year deserts are getting bigger and there are water shoetages in many areas. Our increasing use of fossil fuels may have an effect as well. The steady rise in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can cause global warming. Rapid deforestation has made this problem has made this problem even worse. Higher temperatures on earth heat up the surface of the oceans more than normal. Since the release of heat from the ocean surface causes storms, we may have more frequent,more intence,and more destructive storms in the future. We are uncertain of the precise effects that climate change may have on some areas,but we cannot ignore the risks which may destroy the world.
Leonardo da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa, one of the most famous paintings of all time, in 1503. He was working on a special painting for a church at the time, but it was not going well. The woman who can be seen in the Mona Lisa is said to be Madonna Lisa del Giocondo. She was the wife of an Italian businessman who asked da Vinci to paint a portrait of her.
After da Vinci finished the painting in 1506 he was invited by the French King, Francois I, to visit France, and he took the painting with him. Today the Mona Lisa is kept in the Louvre, an art museum in Paris, and it is seen by about six million visitors a year.
The painting measures only 77 centimeters by 53 centimeters and is painted with oil on wood. In 1911, it was stolen by a worker at the Louvre, Vincenzo Perugia, who took it out of the museum by hiding it under his cost. Two years later, the police found the painting under Perugia’s bed after he tried to sell it.
In 1962, the Mona Lisa was taken to Washington and New York for an exhibition. For the journey, it was insured for 100 million dollars, making it the most valuable painting ever!
Diagram showing classification of constituents on the basis of concentration in the sample, the useful ranges of various quantitative techniques, and the sensitivity of some methods for the determination of minute traces of elements. A. Approximate gold content of some samples of sea water as determined by the microscopical measurement of the bead of the gold isolated from two liters of sample (Haber). 10 per cent is also the approximate lower limit of neutron activation determinations. B. Percentage of iron in water that can be determined colorimetrically after concentration by zeolitic exchange from a sample of 5 liters. (Abrahamezik). C. Limit of detectability of lead as chromate nephelometrically. (Bottger) D. Approximate limit of determination of selenium in 1 kg. of soil by distillation as bromide followed by reduction to selenium which is determined colorimetrically in colloidal suspension. E. Limit of determination of beryllium in aqueous solution by fluorescence with morin. F. Approximate limit of determination of iodine in aqueous solution by catalysis of the reaction between quadrivalent cerium and arsenite. G. Limit of colorimetric determination if palladium in a 1 g. sample of sulfide mineral
Classification of analytical methods on the basis of sample size and constituent content. Major constituents makes up 100-1% of a sample; minor constituents, 1-0.01%; and trace constituents, <0.01%(<100ppm). The trace range is not subdivided into named classes, but these can be designated numerically, for example, 1-100 ppm, or as –log (concentration) = p (concentration). Sample-size classes can be named according to A or B, or designated numerically, for example, 10-11g. Macro and meso will generally be called micro, submicro, and ultramicro. The slanting dashed lines weight field of molecular absorptiometric sensitive color reactions (0.001-0.003 mg of element detectable instrumentally in a column of solution of 1 cu cross section). This weight is taken to be ten times the limit of detection. The volume of solution is assumed to be 5 ml contained in a 5 cm cell (or 10 ml in a 10 cm cell).
For example, the structure of TiO2-SiO2, where TiO2 is the major component oxide, and that of SiO2-TiO2, where SiO2 is the major component oxide, are shown in Fig. 3.41. In Fig. 3.41 the coordination numbers of the positive elements in the component single oxides remain 4 for Si and 6 for Ti when they are mixed, whereas those of the negative elements should be 3 and 2 respectively, according to postulates i)and ii) above. In the case of Fig. 3.41a, the four positive charges of the silicon atom are distributed to four bonds, i.e. a positive charge is distributed to each bond, while the two negative charges of the oxygen atom are distributed to three bonds, i.e. -2/3 of a valence unit is distributed to each bond. The difference in charge for one bond is +1-2/3=;1/3, and for all the valence unit of +1/3×4=+4/3 is excess. In thus case, the Lewis acidity is assumed to appear upon the presence of an excess of positive charge. In Fig. 3.41b, four positive charges of the titanium atom are distributed to six bonds, i.e. +4/6 of a valence unit to each bond, while two negative charges of the oxygen atom are distributed to two bonds, i.e. a negative charge to each bond. The charge difference for each bond is +4/6-1=-1/3, and for all the bonds the valence unit of -1/3×6=-2 is excess. In this case, Bronsted acidity is assumed to appear, because two protons are considered to associate with six oxygens to keep electric neutrality. In any case, TiO2-SiO2 is expected to show acidic property because of the excess of a positive or negative charge. In fact, it exhibited very high acidity.
Let us examine another example. In ZnO-ZrO2, there is no excess charge in any part of its composition according to our model structure written by postulates i)and ii), as illustrated in Fig. 3.42. Therefore, the binary oxide is not expected to show any acidic property. This prediction agrees with the experimental result that ZnO-ZrO2 does not show acidity larger than the sum of the acidities of the component oxides. The validity of the hypothesis was examined for 31 kinds of binary oxides. The case where the hypothesis predicts that a binary oxide should generate acidity is marked by an open circle in the fifth column of Table 3.23. On the other hand, the case where a binary oxide should not generate acidity is shown by an × in the same column. Experimental results cited from the literature are shown in the next column, where open circles mark when the acid amounts at a certain acid strength per unit surface area of any binary oxides are larger than the sum of the acid amounts at the same acid strength divided by the sum of the surface areas of the component single oxides, while ×’s mark when no acidity is generated.
The results indicate that new acid sites which differ from those of single oxides are created on the surface of 26 species of binary oxides. Cases where the result predicted by the hypothesis agrees with the experimental result are marked by open circles in the last column of Table 3.23, and the cases of disagreement, by ×’s. As can be seen in the table, agreement between the prediction of Tanabe et al.’s hypothesis with the experimental results was found for 29 of the 32 kinds of binary oxides. Thus, the validity of their hopothesis is 91 percent. The validity of the old but well known Thomas’ hypothesis is only 47 percent. Although Thomas’ hypothesis cannot be applied to Lewis acids, Tanabe et al.’s hypothesis also predicts the type of acid sites (Bronsted or Lewis), as has been mentioned above. According to the hypothesis, TiO2-ZnO should show Bronsted acidity when TiO2 is a major component oxide and Lewis acidity when ZnO is a major component oxide. An infrared study of pyridine absorbed on the binary oxide revealed that TiO2 including 5 percent ZnO exhibited Bronsted acidity alone, while ZnO including 5 percent TiO2 exhibited Lewis acidity alone.
As can be seen in the model structure (Figs. 3.41 and 3.42) pictured according to postulates i) and ii), the hypothesis is applicable to chemically mixed binary oxides, but not to mechanically mixed oxides. Since the binary oxides given in Table 3.23 were prepared by calcining mixtures of co-precipitated hydroxides at a high temperature (770K), they are not mechanically mixed oxides. The X-ray diffraction diagrams of the binary oxides showed no or only weak diffraction lines, and almost all of them were amorphous. Thus, the structures are different from those of the single component oxides.
Popular breakfast foods in the United States, as in many other countries around the world, include coffee, milk, juice, eggs, and bread. Some other breakfast items served in the United States are thought by many to be traditionally American. However, they actually come from other cultures.
A very popular breakfast food in America is the pancake-a thin, flat cake made out of flour and often served with maple syrup. The idea of the pancake is very old. In fact, pancakes were made long ago in ancient China.
Bagels, a round thick bread with a hole in the middle, are also popular for breakfast in America. Polish people in the late 1600s came up with the idea for the first bagels and this new kind of bread soon took off across Eastern Europe.
In the late 1800s, thousands of Jews from Eastern Europe traveled to the United States and brought the recipe for bagels with them. Today, New York bagels are said to be the best in the world. Many people have them with cream cheese for breakfast on the go.
Doughnuts (usually spelled "donut” in the United states) came from France. They were served to American soldiers in France during World War T. After the war, American soldiers asked cooks in the United States to make doughnuts for them. Now, served with coffee, they are a very popular breakfast food across the United States.
Today the chinese eat four kilograms of beef per year compared with 45 kilograms for americans. If the Chinese were to eat as much seafood per person as the Japanese,china would eat all the fish caught in the world in a year. The point here is not to blame the people of China,nor to say what they should eat. China simply gives us an example because of its large population.
One day in 1994 a newspaper article came to the attention of a member of the student council of Kochi Commercial High School. The article said that schools were in short supply in Laos. He talked about this in a meeting of the student council. The members were interested in the story and decide to join a project of the Kochi Laos Association to build schools in Laos. They began tu collect money through donations and bazaars held in the scool festival. The money they collected in two years was about 1.2million yen. They sent it to the Laotion Ministry of Education by way of the association. The ministry used the money to build two primary schools in Laos.
In 1996, the new members of the student council wanted to continue the project. This time they changed from the donation-oriented way to an exchange-oriented one. So they decided to start a corporation. By doing this, both Laotian and Japanese people could be involved in the project equally. The studen council sold shares to students, teachers, and parents in the corporation. The price was 300 yen each. They used part of this money to help send some students to Laos. In Laos the students went to markets where they could by Laotian goods. They brought the goods back to Kochi and sold them at the school festival. They used the money to buy back the shares and give the shareholders a small profit. The remaining money was given to the association to help build a third school. Then they dissolved the corporation.
The corporation was started again the next year. The students wanted the people of Kochi to know about the project. So they opened a Laotian goods corner in a local department store. In the corner, they showed pictures painted by Laotion children. They also gave demonstration of Laotian dances. These impressed people who visited the corner. From the profit of goods sold at the department store and the school festival, a fourth school was built. In the council's final meeting, a member of the next year's student council said, "Let's have a joint project with the local people." This proposal was accepted, and the students decided to join a festival on a local shopping street. They held the first 'Hariyama Street Festival' in 2000. That was the year when they made the greatest project in the project's history. It was another success for them, their community, and their Laotian friends.
The Kochi students feel there are three basic reasons why their project has been successful. First, the students have changed fom a 'one-way danation' to a 'two-way exchange.' The students and people of Kochi learned a lot through Laotian goods and displays of Laotian lie. And the Laotian students learned about Japanese life and culture when the Japaneses students visited Laos. Second, the profit they got from the project has been mainly used for the benefit of society. It has paid back society at both local and global levels. The project was very useful for the betterment of people. This is the fundmental aim of 'economic activities.' Third, because they have handed down the project from 1994 to the present, it has become recognized. Through this continuity, connections between people in Japan and Laos have been deepened and improved.
Do you like very cold weather? Then maybe you would like to visit the Ice Hotel in Quebec an extraordinary hotel made of snow and ice. The rooms and all the furniture in them are ice. You sleep on an ice bed-in warm blankets, of course!-and sit in an ice armchair. Even the flowers and newspapers in the room are frozen. Only the bathroom has heat. You can watch a movie in the frozen theater or, if you are thirsty, have a warm drink at the ice cafe and listen to a band. Sang-hee Ha recently visited the hotel from Seoul, Korea. "I have always seen this in my dreams," she said, "but the real thing is unbelievable!" The hotel is only open for one season each year. Each winter, about 35 builders work for six weeks to put up wood and metal walls. Then they cover everything with snow and water, which quickly harden to ice. In spring, this ice palace slowly disappears until nothing remains but a small lake.
Day in and day out, pets provide companionship and pleasurable activit y; are living, responsive beings to care for; are dependable and const antly “there”; stimulate play, laughter, and exercise; provide comfo rt through the sense of touch; offer unqualified love; and create a fe eling of safety. They are a great medical option. Although dogs were discussed here, all pets offer benefits. With healt h professionals opening up broader horizons in health care through pet therapy, it is a medical option that is increasingly being considered.
Close up of the confusion and terror in his eyes as death overtakes him. Pan to the American sergeant. On his face, a look of sheer disgust.
This is a movie that also dares to suggest that war is not inevitable, not an essential aspect of human nature.
What makes “Three Kings” such great cinema, though, is that its ideas and message come by way of great characters and an action-packed story of adventure and combat.
They set out in a stolen military vehicle, expecting to have a easy time of it.
if fear is the negative reason for buying a product, then wanting a good self-image is the positive reason for choosing it. Each of us has a mental picture of the kind of person we would like to be. For example,a modern young woman might like to think that she looks like a beautiful movie star. A middle-aged man might want to see himself as a strong,attradive athlete. Advertisers know this. They write specific advertisements to make certain groups of people choose their product. Two people may choose different brands of toothpaste with the identical price,amount, and quality; each person believes that he or she is expressing his or her personality by choosing that brand.
Advertisers get scientists to study the way consumers think and their reasons for choosing one brand instead of another. These scientists tell advertisers about the reasons of fear and self-image. They also tell them about the latest studies with colors and words. Scientists have found that certain colors on the package of an attradive product will cause people to reach out and take that package instead of buying an identical product with different colors. Also,certain words draw our attention. For example,the words“new,"“improved,"“natural," and “giant size" are very popular and seem to ! pull our eyes and hand toward the package.
Many people believe that advertising does not in, nuence them. They know that there is freedom to choose,and they like to think they make wise choices. unfortunately,they probably don't realize the important effect of advertising. They may not understand very much that advertisers spend billions of dollars each year in order to get their hands on our money and they are so successful. Do you believe that advertisements don't influence your choice of products ? Just look at the brands in your kitchen and bathroom.
Some words tell their own stories. One look at spring and fall, a second to think, and we know the reason why these names were given to two of our seasons. New plants spring up in the spring; leaves fall in the fall of the year. It's very clear why the swing in the playground was given its name. There can't be any mystery about what time of the day the sunrise comes.
Other words, however, are harder to understand, so isn't it interesting to find out where they come from? Here are some of them.
A duck paddles smoothly across a pond. Suddenly, down goes his head beneath the water and up comes his tail instead. He gets his name from this habit of dipping, or ducking his head under the water to get at something good to eat.
The name of this little yellow, shaggy flower that grows like a weed, did not settle down to its present spelling until it had been back and forth between France and England several times, centuries ago. From the sharp, jagged edges of its leaves it got the name "Lion's tooth." When the French invaded England, many English words took on French accents. The little lion's tooth plant became the dent-de-lion ( tooth-of-the-lion ) . Then it took on an English accent and became dandelion. As you can see, dent means tooth.
Can you imagine your mother telling you that you might not go to school until you had straightened up your room, taken out the rubbish, gone to the store, and babysat with your sister? In other words, you couldn't leave until you had the free time in which to enjoy yourself. That is exactly what schole meant in ancient Greece --- free time. When people had schole, it took on a new meaning --- studying time, and then became our school.
1.Kimchi is to Korea what pizza is to Italy, and curry is to India. Koreans say that they could not live without their national dish: it is uniquely delicious-spicy and fiery, yet earthy and cool. Kimchi is also very versatile. It can be added to stews, soups, pancakes, and even stirred into fried rice. 2.Kimchi has been in the Korean diet for centuries and was developed as a means of preserving fresh vegetables, such as vabbage, white radish and cucumbers. Traditionally, kimchi was made at the beginning ofwinter and buried in pots underground to ferment and mature. It could then be used during the harsh winter when fresh vegetables were scarce. 3.Kimchi can be prepared in many different ways.Accoring to an old saying, a good wife should be able to make at least 12 kinds of kimchi. Arecent survey by the Korean food Academy found 160 different types of kimchi, classfied by region and ingredients. 4.Each of Korea's regions produces different kinds of agricultural products, and this result in various types of kimchi. The southern provinces tend to use more salt and seafood so that the taste is stronger and sweeter. In the north, kimchi is milder and less salty. For instance, kimchi from Hamkyong Province in North Korea is quite watery, and uses less chili pepper than other areas. A good example of this is daegu gaktugi (cod with sliced radish) kimchi. By contrast, kimchi from Cholla Province in South Korea is much spicier and is usually seasoned with pickled shellfish and salted anchovies. Typical varieties are goch'u ip' (red pepper leaves) kimchi, and dolgat (mustard leaf) kimchi.
5.Kimchi can also be categorized according to its ingredients. Alltypes of kimchi include red chili pepper, which results in the characteristic hot taste and red coloring. Other common ingredients are vegetables and salted seafood. The most popular category of kimchi is cabbage kimchi, of which there are 25 different variations. These include tong baechu (whole-cabbage) kimchi and baechussam oi sobagi (cabbage and cucumber) kimchi.The largest class of kimchi is radish kimchi. There are 62 different kinds including danmuji(pickled radish)kimchi, and must cheong (radish tops) kimchi. Apart from these two main kimchi categories there are 54 types of kimchi made with other vegetables. These include juksun(bamboo shoot) and kaennip (sesame ieaf) kimchi. The list of recipes is endless and includes those kimchi made with seaweed and those made with meat. 6.All of the different types of kimchi contain substantial amounts of calcium and vitamins A, C, B1 and B2. As a result, kimchi is gaining worldwide popularity as a healthy dish that also prevents diseases. If you would like to taste some,why not follow the recipe at the beginning of the chapter? Or better yet, check out the many varieties on show at the popular kimchi expo held in Seoul every year.
Even a child knows a butterfly. But as to the origin of this word, opinions differ. Hear's one of them. Yellow butterflied seem to be more common than other kinds. Butter is yellow, so these pretty insects became known as the "yellow-fliers," or "Butterfliers." Now, whatever their color, they are our butterflies.
This word is a short form of omnibus, which means 'for all' in Latin. Then this was borrowed by the French as the name of a new kind of large coach or carriage, cheap enough 'for all' to use. People soon shortened it to bus, and they have used it even after the hourses went out and the motors went it.
Most of you have worn jeans, or denim pants, at one time or another, and you might suppose that the name of jeans has something to do with the name of a girl. Not at all. The name comes, it is supposed, from a city in Italy. Some people believes that the strong cloth for jeans was first made in Genoa, Italy, and that 'jeans' were an altered form of 'Genoa.'
Probably the cloth became known as Genoese cloth and began to be used for overalls and work pants. Genoese became Genes cloth, and then jeans cloth. The name was finally given to the pants themselves.
The cloth of jeans, however, was different from the original cloth made in Genoa. Perthaps people confused it with denim, of which jeans were, and are, made.
鞭の音の仕組みについて書いてあるようなのですが、Web翻訳だと上手く訳せないところが多いので、何方かよろしくお願いします。 「How can the extremity of a whip travel faster than the speed of sound to produce the characteristic "crack"?」
Looking at how the whip behaves gives a clue to this phenomenon(and it helps if you have actually tried to crack a whip). The whip has to be moved so that a U-shaped loop is formed near the handle, where the whip is thickest and stiffest. As the whip is swung, the loop travels outward toward the thinner, lighter tip. The loop travels progressively faster the closer it gets to the tip, because the energy from the heavier part of the whip is carried along into the lighter, thinner part. This amplification is analogous to the way in which an ocean wave of small height becomes a high breaker as it enters the shallow water near the shore or over a reef. When the loop reaches the end, it is going extremely fast and causes the very tip to “whip” around in a tight circle. It is at this point that the tip exceeds the speed necessary to create a tiny shock wave in the air; it is this shock that we hear as the “crack.”
和訳よろしくお願いします。 Poland was overrun by Hitler’s Nazis. Immediately, all kinds of restrictions were placed on Polish Jews. In 1940, Jews were rounded up and crammed into tiny “ghettos,” where they lived in poverty and fear, completely cut off from the outside. Most were sent on to concentration camps and executed along with millions of other Jews from all across Europe. These events became known as the Holocaust.
This story is based on the autobiography of Wladyslaw Szpilman, a renowned Polish-Jewish musician, who lived in Warsaw all his life until his death in 2000. The director of the film, Polish-born Roman Polanski, is himself a survivor of the Holocaust. As a young boy, Polanski saw his parents taken away to a concentration camp, from which his mother did not return. Combining Szpilman’s story with his own experiences, Polanski has given us a film that is intensely personal and shockingly realistic.
In an early scene, Szpilman watches helplessly as his family is forced to board a train bound for Treblinka. Only he is allowed to remain in the Ghetto, where he performs manual labor. But before long Szpilman manages to escape, thanks to network of sympathetic and courageous Polish citizens who risked being hanged to death to help him. For the next years, Szpilman hides out in vacant apartments and ruined buildings until Warsaw is finally liberated by Soviet army in 1945.
Unlike most mainstream war-time dramas, This story does not portray its protagonist as a hero. He neither fights his oppressors, nor does he do anything to help his fellow Jews. Polanski offers not a trace of romantic fantasy. He doesn’t try to win us over with an emotional climax, as did Steven Spielberg in “Schindler’s List,” for example. Szpilman’s actions are motivated by one thing: his instinct for survival. All he can do is to lie low and wait for the war to end. As a result, he comes across as oddly passive, reduced to the role of observer. All the fighting and killing we see is glimpsed through windows and from behind walls−just as Szpilman himself sees it.
Much of the film’s success is due to Adrien Brody’s Oscar-winning performance as Wladyk Szpilman. What we understand of Szpilman’s feelings comes not from what he says, but from his physical reactions. Though subtle facial expressions and body movements, Brody alerts us to the dangers that face the pianist around every corner, and skillfully communicates his isolation and desperation.
But Szpilman does have one weapon at his disposal to combat loneliness and to keep his spirits from collapsing: music. He strives to maintain his identity as a musician by “playing”Chopin in his head whenever the pain becomes unbearable or sickness threatens his life. The music that lives on in his imagination saves Szpilman on several occasions. First, in the Ghetto, then during hi years on the run, and finally in an abandoned Warsaw building where his performance on an old piano moves Wilm Hosenfeld, German officer, so much that he spares the pianist’s life.
It all started with the taking of American hostages by Iran's Ayatollah Khomeini back in 1979. Then there was Reagan's feud with Libya's leader Khadafy. Next came the Gulf War and Saddam Hussein. In between there were various hijackings and acts of terrorism, most recently, the bombing of World Trade Center in New York City.
All of these have given Arabs and Muslims a bad name (Arabs, by the way, account for only a small percentage of the world's Muslims, though they are usually lumped together in our minds) and led to a marked increase in anti-Arab sentiment in the U.S. And America's Arabs and Muslims are getting sick and tired of it. Much of the blame, they say, lies with TV and the movies which project stereotypes that portray Arabs as violent, grotesque barbarians with huge hooked noses and evil eyes. Their latest target is Aladdin, the popular and acclaimed animated Disney film of the classic tale of the genie and the magic lamp.
One Lebanese spokesperson called Aladdin flagrant Arab-bashing. (Others go so far as to say it proves that the entertainment industry is still run by Arab-hating Jews who use their films and TV shows for propaganda.) These negative images, critics say, perpetuate fears and ignorance and stir up racist attitudes. Today, Arabs are usually portrayed as unscrupulous oil billionairs, mad terrorists, or uncivilized brutes who would rather cut off someone's hand than shake it. And Arab and Muslims women are either belly dancers or veiled slaves wrapped up in black who have little more to say than, “Yes, Master.” I hate to say it, but I saw Aladdin myself, and didn't even notice. Yes, stereotypes are dangerous.
It was early in the spring about 15 years ago. I was a young police reporter, driving to a scene I didn't want to see. A man, the police said, had accidentally backed his truck over his baby granddaughter in the driveway of the family home, killing her. As I parked among the police cars and TV-news trucks, I saw an old man with white hair in working clothes standing near a truck. Cameras were focused on him, and reporters were asking him a lot of questions. Looking totally bewildered he was trying to answer their questions. But he was only moving his lips, opening and closing his eyes, and saying no words.
After a while, the reporters gave up on him and followed the police into the small white house. I can still see in my mind's eye that poor old man looking down at the place in the driveway where the child had been. Beside the house was a flower bed, and nearby some dark, rich earth. "I was just backing up to spread that good earth," he said to me, though I had not asked him anything. "I didn't even know she was outdoors." He stretched his hand toward the flower bed, and then let it fall to his side. He went back to his thoughts, and I, like a good reporter, went into the house to find someone who could provide a recent photograph of the young child. A few minutes later, with all the details in my notebook and a three-by-five photograph of the child in my pocket, I went toward the kitchen where the police had said the body was.
I had brought a camera in with me --- the big, heavy Speed Graphic which every newspaper reporter used. Everybody had gone back out of the house together --- family, police, reporters, and photographers. Entering the kitchen, I came upon this scene: On a table, lighted by a window, lay the small body, covered in a clean white sheet. Somehow the grandfather had managed to stay away from the crowd. He was sitting on a chair beside the table, looking at the body of the little girl. He was not aware of my presence. The house was very quiet. There was only the sound of a clock. As I watched, the grandfather slowly leaned forward, put his arms around the head and feet of the little form, then pressed his face to the white sheet covering her and remained still. At that moment, I recognized that I had the chance to take a prize-winning news photograph. I measured the light, found the right place, and raised the camera to take the photograph. Everything was perfect for a news photograph : the grandfather in his plain working clothes, his white hair lighted by sunshine, the child's from covered in the sheet, and the atmosphere of the simple home. Outside, the police could be seen examining the truck while the child's mother and father leaned in each other's arms.
I didn't know how many seconds I stood there, unable to push the shutter. I was well aware of the powerful story-telling value that photograph would have, and my professional instincts told me to take it. Yes I couldn't make my hand fire the flash and intrude on that poor old man's island of grief. At last, I lowered the camera and quickly went out of the room, shaken with doubt about my suitability for the journalistic profession. Of course, I never told anyone about that missed chance for a perfect news picture.
Every day, on the news programs and in the papers, we see pictures of people in extreme conditions of grief and despair. Human suffering has become a kind of spectator sport. And sometimes, as I'm watching a news film, I remember that day. I still feel right about what I did.
Natural science is the least of man's great achievements. The other important factors of civilization long ago attained their full stature, and many of the finest products of human endeavor,like literature and the fine arts, have been through many centuries the common possession of the race. Even music,the most modern of the arts,is no longer young. But only in the twentieth century has science reached maturity and revealed its titanic power for good and evil in the reconstruction of the surroundings of our life.
Every four years, the world turns its attention to the soccer World Cup. The most successful teams in the tournament have traditionally come from South America and Europe. However, over the years, there have been a number of surprising results.
In a famous match in 1950, the USA came up against England, one of the favorites to win the tournament. Many of the American players were amateurs from college teams. Surprisingly, the USA won 1-0. Other World Cup surprises were North Korea’s win over Italy in 1966, and Cameroon’s win over Argentina in 1990.
The 2002 FIFA World Cup stands out as probably the most surprising World Cup of all time. In the opening match, Senegal surprised everyone by beating France, the World Cup winner in 1998. Japan then beat Russia, the USA beat Portugal, and South Korea beat Italy, Spain, Poland, and Portugal. South Korea made it all the way to the final four, before finally losing to Germany.
In the final game, which was watched by 1 billion people around the world, Brazil ended up winning 2-0 against Germany. Brazil set a World Cup record by becoming the first team to win seven games in a row. And Brazil’s most talented player, Ronaldo, scored eight goals in one tournament-more than any other player since 1970.
Sometimes people tell me they want to learn business English. If you go to a bookstore and look in the foreign language section, you'll see lots of titles about business English. It seems to be a very popular subject.
What is business English? When I look at the books, it seems they're more complicated, more formal, than ordinary textbooks. That makes sense. Language changes according to the situation you're in. You don't say the same things to your friends that you do to your boss. And you don't say them in the same way either.
In a formal situation such as an office, people often use what language teachers call embedded questions. Embedded means "put inside, included." Let 's take a look at a few examples. Here's the ordinary question. "What is the agenda(plan) for the meeting?" Here's the embedded one. "Would you tell me what the agenda is for the meeting?" This one can also be "Would you tell me what the agenda for the meeting is?" The last two are more difference. Look at the position of the verb "is." It's not in the normal place for a question. It comes after the noun clause or at the end of the sente
1.What Is Dialogue? The word.”dialogue”, is familiar to most of us. It often appears on TV and in newspapers. A dictionary defines the word as follows: “Dialogue is communication or discussion between people or groups of people such as governments or political parties.” Dialogue is thus a type of talk or conversation. And yet, it is more than just talk. We talk because we want the other person to understand our ideas. In that case, the partner could be just a listener. You may simply try to say what you want to say, and so may your partner. When we talk to each other, we don’t necessarily think that the other person has a different opinion. “Dialogue is, on the other hand, like putting one’s arms around different points of view. In other words, it is the art of thinking together,” says William Isaacs, an MIT professor and a leader in the study of dialogue. According to him, dialogue is necessary to solve the serious problems of a world society with many cultures, problems such as reducing gases to control global warming. Dialogue makes it possible to talk across our differences and invent new directions for the future.
2. How Do We Have a Successul Dialogue? A big mistake many of us make, Isaacs says, is we repare too well before starting our dialogues. We now exactly what we're going to say, leaving no room or surprises. "Most often we know what we want to say and wait for our turn to say it. We are closed to hearing the nexpecdted from others, cutting ourselves off from honest exchanges that give us new knowledge and ideas and make us want to take action. This is the opposite 0f dialogue." In carrying out dialogue, we are more like jazz musicians making up ideas on the spot in argroup than like a pianist playing by himself or herself. Dialogue is a kind of action done together. According to Isaacs, people who think and talk ogether effectively have the following abilities: Listening - We must listen not only to others but o ourselves, dropping our assumptions, resistance, and eactions. Respecting - We must allow rather than try to hange people with a different opinion. Suspending - We must suspend our opinions, step ack, change direction, and see with new eyes. Voicing - We must speak our own voice. Find our wn authority, giving up the need to dominate. Not simply mere talk, dialogue is also about shifting the relationship of power. As long as there's a power ifference in your roles - like a conversation between boss and employee or a professor and student -dialogue is very difBcult. Regarding this point, Isaacs ives us a suggestion: "We must look beyond our differences to get new nformation, so the piofessor can learn from the student nd the boss from the employee. All good bosses now that when you're really acting as a good leader, t's not clear who's leading and it doesn't matter. If the boss sees you as a partner, rather than an employee, suddenly it becomes possible to be creative.”
3. Dialogue in the Future The Internet is now an important tool of communication. It can promote dialogue on a large scale. However, we must note that the Internet is just a tool. Isaacs says, "The Internet has the possibility of returning our isolated culture to community." At the same time, he emphasizes, "People seem to imagine that if we're on the Internet, then we will all be in touch. But so far, the digital revolution is giving us connection but not contact. We can send more information to each other, but we're not necessarily" any more capable of sharing understanding." It is a matter of the user's attitude whether it could be an effective tool or not. It is important not to take things for granted when communicating on the Internet. Learning to talk and think together in honest and ffecve ways is an essential element to true partnership. That is what will truly connect us.And then the Internet can be a place for dialogue across the world. U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan once stated, "I see dialogue as a chance for people of different cultures and traditions to get to know each other better, whether they live on opposite sides of the world or on the same street." In the future, even more than now, successful dialogue will be helping us overcome differences and conflicts and creating a more peaceful and understanding society.
Do you like your new job, Mike?' A van is going down the road. The van driver is talking to a young man. Yes, I do, Bill,' the young man says. 'And do you like your new assistant? he asks. He's not bad. 'Thanks!' They laugh. Then Bill asks, 'Is this your first job?' 'No,' Mike says. 'I always get a summer job. We have a long holiday in the summer.' Bill laughs. 'Students! You're lucky.' 'Yes, but van drivers are lucky too. Look at you. You've got a very good assistant.' 'Oh,' Bill says. 'And what do the girls think about you? Mike laughs. 'I don't know.' Bill laughs too. 'We're going to Morgan's now. Mr Morgan's daughter, Jennifer, is always in the shop. We can ask her.' Bill and Mike drive to Morgan's shop. They take boxes from the van and go into the shop. Mike walks across the shop with three boxes. The boxes are big, and he can't see well. But he can see a girl a beautiful girl. She is standing behind the counter. Mike smiles at her, but she doesn't smile at him. 'Stop!' She says. But Mike doesn't stop. There are some cans on the counter, and he walks into them CRASH! The girl runs to him. 'Oh!' she says. 'Are you OK?' 'Yes, thanks,' Mike says. He is sitting on the floor with the cans and boxes.
He looks up at her. Now she smiles, and Mike smiles. She laughs, and he laughs too. Bill and Mr Morgan come from the back of the shop. 'This is Mike,' Bill says to Mr Morgan and Jennifer. 'He's my new assistant.' 'New? I can see that!' Mr Morgan says. Jennifer helps Mike with the cans. 'Let's go now, Mike,' Bill says. 'Are you going to come again next week?' Jennifer asks Mike. Mike smiles. 'Yes,' he says. 'Don't walk into the cans next week,' Jennifer says, and she laughs again. Monday comes, and Bill says, 'We're going to Morgan's this afternoon. You can see your girlfriend.' Mike says, 'Jennifer? She isn't my girlfriend. But she's got beautiful eyes and beautiful hair.'Bill smiles. They go to Morgan's in the afternoon, and Jennifer is there again. 'You're right, Mike,' Bill says. 'Jennifer has got beautiful eyes! And Mike likes your hair,' Bill says to Jennifer. Jennifer looks at Mike. His face is red.'Lucky me!'she says, and she laughs. Mike can't look at her. 'Bill, I can't find those cans of cheese,' he says.
'Is your daughter here today, Mr Morgan?' Mike asks. 'Jennifer? No, my sister's ill and Jennifer is helping her today.' They go to the van. Bill looks at Mike. Mike is smiling! 'Are you OK?' Bill asks. 'What do you mean?' 'You can't ask Jennifer to sthe cinema but you're smiling!' 'I can ask her tomorrow. I'm going to telephone her.' Mike is smiling because he can talk to Jennifer on the telephone. Bill and Mr Morgan aren't going to listen. Mike telephones the next afternoon and Jennifer answers. 'Hello, Jennifer! This is Mike. Listen, Casablanca is at Cinema One this Friday,' Mike says.' Can you come with me?' 'Yes, Mike,' Jennifer says. 'Thank you.'
The next day Mike telephones the shop. Mr Morgan answers. Mike asks,'Can I talk to Jennifer?' 'I'm sorry, Mike, but Jennifer doesn't want to talk to you.' That afternoon Mike telephones again, and Mr Morgan answers again. Mike thinks quickly. Then he says in a girl's voice, 'Hello. Is Jennifer there, please?' 'Yes. Who is this?' Mr Morgan asks. Mike doesn't think. 'Mike,' he says. 'No, no!' he says in a girl's voice again. 'Mary. It's Mary.' 'Mike, stop this,' Mr Morgan says. 'Jennifer doesn't want to talk to you.' On Sunday night Mike writes to Jennifer. He tells her about the money and the key in his old trousers. He tells her about his climb up the drainpipe. He tells her about the policemen. 'I'm sorry,' his letter says. 'Can we start again? I'm going to be at the Broadway Coffee House this evening at 8.00. Can you meet me there? Please!'
On Monday he takes the letter to the shop with Bill. Jennifer is there, but she doesn't look at Mike. She goes into the back of the shop. Mike puts the letter on the counter. 'She isn't going to read it,' he thinks. 'This job stops in two weeks. And then I'm never going to see her again.' That evening Mike looks through the window of the Broadway Coffee House. Jennifer is there! Mike goes into the coffee house. He walks across the room to Jennifer's table. She looks at him and smiles. 'Hello,' she says. 'You're late.' 'What do you mean?' Mike says. 'It's only 7.45.' 'You're three days late.' 'Oh yes, I'm sorry, Jennifer.' 'No, Mike. I'm sorry.' Mike sits down and looks at her. 'I' m here now,'he says. 'Lucky me!' Jennifer says. Mike looks into her eyes. 'And you're here.' 'Lucky you!' And the two lucky young people sit there and are happy.
Break me in, Teach us to cheat And to lie, cover up What shouldn't be shared? All the truth unwinding Scraping away At my mind Please stop asking me to describe him
For one moment I wish you'd hold your stage With no feelings at all Open minded I'm sure I used to be so free
Self expressed, exhausting for all To see and to be What you want and what you need The truth unwinding Scraping away At my mind Please stop asking me to describe
Wash me away Clean your body of me Erase all the memories They will only bring us pain And I've seen all I'll ever need
February 14 is a day for people who have fallen in love. On this day, these men and woman give gifts and cards to each other to celebrate Valentine’s Day.
At first, February 14 was the old Roman festival, Lupercalia. Then, on February 14, 270 A.D., a man named Valentine was killed by the Romans because of his Christian beliefs.
Before Valentine was killed, he fell in love with the daughter of his jailer and would pass notes to her. His final note read, “From your Valentine.” Later, February 14 became known as Saint Valentine’s Day.
Since then, people in love around the world have given gifts and cards to each other on Saint Valentine’s Day. Gloves, chocolates, and even underwear have all been popular as gifts.
Valentine cards did not become popular until the 1750s. The first Valentine cards were made by hand. People wrote their own words on the cards, usually a kind or funny message. Cards made by machines became more popular around 1850. All of a sudden, Valentine’s Day became a big holiday for people who made and sold cards.
Now, every year around February 14, cards and chocolates fill stores around the world, for all the people who have fallen in love.
Gene therapy attempts to achieve one of two ends: 1)to add a useful gene into a selected cell type to make up for a missing or ineffective gene, or 2)to bring some new property into a cell. To produce a therapeutic protein, instructions in the form of DNA sequences are put into vectors which quietly deposit a foreign gene inside a cell. When the DNA is incorporated into the targeted cell nucleus and the gene produces the desired expression for a sufficient amount of time, the therapy has a chance of success.
The first gene therapy in Japan
In 1995 the first gene therapy was conducted in Japan. It was aimed at treating a boy with ADA deficiency. This disease causes a severe immune defect that often leads to death form infections that cannot be resisted. The doctors at the University of Hokkaido first incorporated a normal ADA gene into retrovirus vectors. These vectors containing the ADA gene were then introduced into T lymphocytes that had been removed form the boy. The genetically corrected lymphocytes were returned to him by intravenous injection. This procedure has been repeated periodically and the boy has responded well.
よろしくお願いします。 Still, by chance some time You are continued thinking, and I who keeps miserably dragging it from whom foolish dick has not disappeared yet i hate me
[Some History] Any study European history shows a strong tendency for European countries to go to war against each other . In particular Germany attacked France in 1870 , 1914 and 1940 , each attack causing more destruction than the test. In 1945 most of Europe lay in ruins.
As a step towards stopping this cycle of war, the French and the West Germans agreed to put their coal and steel under common control . This meant that they would have neither the power nor the material to make weapons of war without the other side knowing . This gradually developed into the Common Market , launched in 1957 with six members . It is , however , important to remember that the basis of European integration is peace , not economics .
Britain has traditionally remained psychologically , as well as physically , separate from Europe . Britain has frequently fought wars in Europe to prevent any one country from dominating (Napoleonic France , Nazi Germany) , but its main interests have long been further away , in the empire . Britain refused to join the Common Market at first , preferring to maintain other links . This was a mistake , and Britain joined at a later date, in 1973 .
The Common Market was known by a number of names over the years , and it is now called the European Union, with 25 members . Its aim‘an ever closer union of thc peoples of Europe’. In 1987 the Single European Act said that there would be free movement of people , goods , services and money throughout the EU by 1993. This has very largely been achieved , with the exception of people , because of worries about crime and illegal immigration from outside the EU . In 1992 the Treaty of Maastricht laid down a timetable for European Monetary Union (EMU) ; this said that those countries who met certain economic targets would abandon their national currencies and all use the same one , the Euro , from the start of 1999 , for business . EMU has now started in 12 EU countries . The new currency began circulating among ordinary people in 2002 , and the old currencies have now disappeared . The change happened remarkably smoothly . Britain is still considering what to do , but most people are against adopting the Euro . Perhaps after taking summer holidays in Europe , people will change their minds . When the Euro is weak and the pound is strong , as it has been until recently , it damages British business , as much of Britain's trade is with the EU , but there is an emotional commitment to the pound .
[British Attitudes to Europe] Neither the Labour Party nor the Conservative Party have been clear about Europe . Labour originally opposed entry , because their union supporters feared international capital . Labour is now in favour , thinking that there is more social solidarity in Europe than in Britain . The Conservatives were originally in favour , seeing business opportunities , but have become deeply divided . Many Conservatives fear German domination of Europe , and have emotional links with such countries as America , Canada and Australia ; they feel that Britain should buy lamb from New Zealand , not France , for example . Mrs. Thatcher signed the Single European Act , but then fought against it , saying it gave too much power to Brussels (the centre of the EU) . Divisions over Europe were one reason for the Conservatives' total defeat in the 1997 election .
Ordinary British people have traditionally disliked foreigners , and refused to eat foreign foods or drink wine , and have been terrible at speaking foreign languages . In recent years , however , things have changed . Many people have taken European holidays and enjoyed the food and drink . There are European football competitions and European players play for British football clubs (and vice-versa) . Students who study foreign languages at university are required to spend a year abroad . And now there is the Channel Tunnel , a rail link beteeen London , Paris and Brussels . People are familiar with Europe now .
Speaking generally , it would seem reasonable to say that older people still feel links to the other English?speaking countries , while younger people feel more European . This raises the question : For a British person , who is more foreign , an American or a French person ?
In the summer of 1985,Back to the Future shot to number one at the box office. only six years after moving to Los Angeles from Canada, I suddenly found myself famous. I had only wanted the part which I was playing to lead to another. I never expected something special to happen to me. But something did happen. I quickly gained the means to live uncommonly well. By late 1986,the driveway of my Laurel Canyon home looked like a luxury car lot. For me, a 25-year-old lottery winner, money was no longer an object.
One morning in1990, I woke up to find a message in my left hand. it wasn't fax, telegram, or memo, in fact, my hand held nothing at all it was just trembling. The trembling was the message. Parkinson's Patients who suffer from it have difficulty stopping the trembling of their arms and legs. People under 40 like me rarely suffer from this disease. I can't remember my exact response when my doctor pronounced the disease. I didn't break down, cry, or curse the doctor. I don't think I said anything. I don't think I felt anything.
For years I carried P.D med around with me. I didn't carry these pills for treatment or even comfort, but to hide my disease. No one, outside of my family and the very closest of my friends, could know. in this way, seven years passed. During the summer of 1998, a new job suddenly made me a whole lot busier. I was one of the producers of spin city. my responsibilities became much heavier. My disease got worse, too. I began to find that I was making life difficult for the people who were working with me - most of them didn't know about my health issues. It was time for me to tell everyone. I was ready.
It was clear that I was the big news after my revelation. It was the lead on all of the TV news programs, and it made the headlines in big city newspapers all over the United States and Canada. I hadn't meant to do it, but I had sparked a national conversation about Parkinson's disease. A year later, I was given the chance to speak at a Senate hearing. On behalf of about one and a half million other Parkinson's patients
長いですがお願いします。 1.Kimchi is to Korea what pizza is to Italy, and curry is to India. Koreans say that they could not live without their national dish: it is uniquely delicious-spicy and fiery, yet earthy and cool. Kimchi is also very versatile. It can be added to stews, soups, pancakes, and even stirred into fried rice. 2.Kimchi has been in the Korean diet for centuries and was developed as a means of preserving fresh vegetables, such as vabbage, white radish and cucumbers. Traditionally, kimchi was made at the beginning ofwinter and buried in pots underground to ferment and mature. It could then be used during the harsh winter when fresh vegetables were scarce. 3.Kimchi can be prepared in many different ways.Accoring to an old saying, a good wife should be able to make at least 12 kinds of kimchi. Arecent survey by the Korean food Academy found 160 different types of kimchi, classfied by region and ingredients.
4.Each of Korea's regions produces different kinds of agricultural products, and this result in various types of kimchi. The southern provinces tend to use more salt and seafood so that the taste is stronger and sweeter. In the north, kimchi is milder and less salty. For instance, kimchi from Hamkyong Province in North Korea is quite watery, and uses less chili pepper than other areas. A good example of this is daegu gaktugi (cod with sliced radish) kimchi. By contrast, kimchi from Cholla Province in South Korea is much spicier and is usually seasoned with pickled shellfish and salted anchovies. Typical varieties are goch'u ip' (red pepper leaves) kimchi, and dolgat (mustard leaf) kimchi. 5.Kimchi can also be categorized according to its ingredients. Alltypes of kimchi include red chili pepper, which results in the characteristic hot taste and red coloring. Other common ingredients are vegetables and salted seafood. The most popular category of kimchi is cabbage kimchi, of which there are 25 different variations. These include tong baechu (whole-cabbage) kimchi and baechussam oi sobagi (cabbage and cucumber) kimchi.The largest class of kimchi is radish kimchi. There are 62 different kinds including danmuji(pickled radish)kimchi, and must cheong (radish tops) kimchi. Apart from these two main kimchi categories there are 54 types of kimchi made with other vegetables. These include juksun(bamboo shoot) and kaennip (sesame ieaf) kimchi. The list of recipes is endless and includes those kimchi made with seaweed and those made with meat.
6.All of the different types of kimchi contain substantial amounts of calcium and vitamins A, C, B1 and B2. As a result, kimchi is gaining worldwide popularity as a healthy dish that also prevents diseases. If you would like to taste some,why not follow the recipe at the beginning of the chapter? Or better yet, check out the many varieties on show at the popular kimchi expo held in Seoul every year.
From the window in her room, the girl could see the city of San Francisco. She imagined that it was a city of many palaces. And one day her father would take her there, he had promised, riding on a paddle steamer across the shining bay. Her parents called her Ma-chan, which was short for Masako, and spoke to her in Japanese. Everyone else called her May and talked with her in English. At home she had rice and miso soup and plain green tea for breakfast. At her friend's houses she ate pancakes and muffins and drank tea with milk and sugar.
These things happened in Oakiand,California, at the end of World war2. I was six years old. I didn't know waht war was then, but I was aware of some of its consequences. Rationing,for one thing, since I had a ration book with my name on it. My mother kept it for me, along with the ration books that belonged to my brothers. I remember the blackout, the air-raid warnings, and the sight of warplanes flying over head. My father was a tugboat captain, and I remember talk about troopships, submarines, and destroyera.
I also remember my grndfmother talking far to the butcher shop to be reclaimed and going downtown to the federal building to toss aluminium scrap into the window wells on the sidewalk side of the building.
But what I remember mosu is Mr.Bernhauser. He was our back yard neighbor. He was especially mwan and unfriendly to kids,but he was also rude to adults. He had an Italian plum tree that hung over the back fence. If the plums wear on our side of the fence, we could pick them, but GOD help us if we got over the fenceline. All hell would break loose. He would scream and yell at us until one of our parents came out to see what the fuss was about. Usually it was my mother, but this time is my father.
No one liked Mr.Bernhauser very much. but my father was particularly against him because he kept all the toys and balls that had ever landed in his yard. So there was Mr.Bernhauser yelling at us to get the hell out of his tree, and my father asked him what the problem was. Mr.Bernhauser took a deep breath and launched into a diatribe about thieving kids, breakers of rules, takers of fruit, and monsters in general. I guess my father had had enough, for the next thing he did was shout at Mr.Bernhauser and tell him to drop dead.
Mr.Bernhauser stopped screaming, looked at my father, turned bright red, then puple, grabbed his chest, turned gray, and slowly folded to the ground. I thought my father was GOD. That he could yell at a miserable old man and make him die on command was beyond my comprehension.
I remember that Ray Hink lived across the street. We were in the same grade, and his grandmother lived upstairs. She was a tiny old woman who always wore a high-coller dress. She sat in the window with a pair of opera glasses and kept watch on the neighborhood. If we were good, she would let us look through the glasses and smell the rose petals she kept in an alabaster jar on her table.
She said that the rose petals were from Germany and the jar was from Greece. One afternoon, I was allowed to handle the precious glasses and was looking out at the street. A cab pulled up, and a tall, skinny sailor got out. He shook hands with the cabby, who took a seabag from the trunk, and I knew that it was my Uncle Bill, home from the war. My grandmother came running down the steps into his arms.She was crying.
I remember the stars that hung in the windows of some of our neigbors'houses. My grandmother told me it was because someone had lost a son in the war. I was glad that we didn't have any stars in our window. That night we had a huge celebration for Uncle Bill. I went to sleep feeling glad that my uncle was home safe. I didn't think about Mr.Bernhauser anymore.
よろしくお願いします。 A veterinarian, or vet for short, is doctor who treats animals. In large cities, vets mainly take care of people’s small pet animals such as dogs, cats, and birds, while in the countryside they more often care for livestock like cows, sheep, and horses. Veterinarians work not only in pet clinics or animal hospitals but also in zoos and aquariums. They even take care of lions, elephants, dolphins and killer whales. If you have ever had a dog, you have surely been to the vet’s. Filarial is a common disease among dogs. It is a disease caused by small parasites with this disease. Years ago, it was difficult to prevent or cure this disease and many dogs died. However, thanks to advances in veterinary medicine, filarial can now be prevented by vaccinations and medicine, and by following the advice of your vet. Today vets are doing much more than just taking care of sick or injured animals. Some have set up Internet home pages that help people find missing pets. Others give lectures about the protection of nature and wildlife. Veterinarians not only help animals, but they also help people get closer to nature in general.
Galileo carried on the construction of telescopes,all the time improving their quality and enlarging their power until he built one that magnified thirty times. What the diameter of the object glass was we do not know,perhaps two inches or possibly a little more. Glass of a quality good enough to make a telescope of cannot have been obtainable except with great difficulty in those early days. 和訳お願いします。
This is how I shall think of you 、 even when you are grown women with little girls of your own - in the better world of the 21st century. And if I never meet your children 、 pass on to them the love I gave to you.
But will you indeed inherit a better world? There is just as well. However 、 even if we can't predict the future 、 we can make intelligent guesses so that events do not take us completely by surprise. In This sense 、 we do have some control over our future.
>>147-148 Already in your short lives you have seen one of the greatest technological advances of all time - the computer. You sit down at the keyboard and create miracles beyond the imagination of anyone before the 20th century. You take the most amazing computer games for granted and when anyone mentions mouse 、 your generation doesn't think only of Mickey.
You also live in a world unimaginably wider than the one I knew as a boy. Every day television and videos let you see more places and societies than anyone could visit in a lifetime. And much improved communications make it easy for you to communicate instantly with all over the planet.
What future marvels will you see in your lifetime?
There is a person who has troubled my peace of mind for a long time. She doesn't even know me, but she never stops minding my business. We have very little in common. She is an old woman, an Albanian who grew up in Yugoslavia;she is a Roman Catholic nun who lives in poverty in India. T don't agree with her on such basic issues as population control and the place of women in the world, and T am turned off by her simple ideas about“what God wants.”She stands at the center of great ideas and strong forces that shape our future. She drives me crazy. T get upset every time T hear her name or read her words or see her face. T don't even want to talk about her. In the studio where T work, there is a wash basin. Above the wash basin is a mirror. T stop at this place several times each day to tidy up and look at myself in the mirror. Next to the mirror is a photograph of this troublesome woman. Each time T look in the mirror at myself, T also look at her face. In it T have seen more than T can tell; and from what T see, T understand more than T can say.
When she graduated from high school, she wanted to go to college and then live in San Francisco. But her parents were homesick and decided to return to Japan, which was their homeland. The daughter was sad. She did not went to leave the only home she had ever known. Once they arrived in Japan, she felt even worth. Her new home was drafty, with windows made of paper. She had to wear Kimonos and sit on floors until her legs went numb. No one called her May, and Masako sounded like someone else's name. There were no more pancakes or omelets, fried chicken or spaghetti. I'll never get used to this place, she thought with a heavy heart.
Worst of all, Masako had to attend high school all over again. To learn her own language, her mother said. She could not make friends with any of the other students; they called her gaijin and laughed at her. Gaijin means “foreigner.”
The woman who taught English conversation did not seem much older than Masako. Maybe she'll be my friend, Masako thought. But the teacher refused to speak English with her. She could not teach an American, she said. So Masako wandered around the empty schoolyard. Small singsong voices came drifting from the classroom, chanting kindergarten English. She wanted to shout at them, “I know the words you are learning! Why won't you speak to me!”
The photograph was taken in Oslo, Norway, on the tenth of December in 1979. It was the day when this happened there; A small, stooped woman in a faded blue sari and worn sandals received an award. From the hand of a king. An award funded from the will of the inventor of dynamite. Surrounded by the noble and famous in black suits and in beautiful evening dresses. The rich, the powerful, the brilliant, the talented of the world had come. And there at the center of it all−a little old lady in sari and sandals. Mother Teresa, of India. Servant of the poor and sick and dying. To her, the Nobel Peace Prize.
John Lennon was born in 1940 in Liverpool, England. From early childhood, he was a sensitive child who preferred to be alone. He hated studying, but loved writing poems and painting pictures. He dreamed of becoming an artist. He didn't want to conform to adult rules. So, to some teachers he was a difficult boy. when John turned 15, his dream changed and he wanted to become a dock'n'roll star. Influenced by Elvis Presley, he was absorbed in playing the guitar. Mini, his aunt and foster mother, often said to him, "If I were you, John, I wouldn't be so crazy about music. The guiter is all right for a hobby, but you'll never make a living at it." He was not sure about the future and he did not know what to say to her. As a junior high school student, he was already trying to find himself.
The ages of 16 and 17 were the turning point of his life. Two important things happened to him. The first was that he met Paul McCartney at a concert. John had already formed a band and played loccally, but the meeting with Paul led the two young man to create a new band, the Beatles. Second, his mother was killed in a car accident. At that time, they lived separately but were planning to live again. His mother's death left him starving for love.
A few years after John and Paul formed the Beatles in 1960, everything started to go all right. In 1964,the Beatles became a very successful rock group internationally. John was busy traveling around the world. He thought he had finally found what he really wanted to do. But he gradually became dissatisfied with his success. He said to himself, "Something important is lacking. Iwish I were different from what I am."
Although always surrounded by screaming fans, John Lennon felt insecure. He even said to his friends, "Ifeel as if I were a lost child." He needed someone's help. He expressed this feeling in his song, "Help!". In described himself as a man who didn't know how to fit into society.
For him, the ages from 16 to 29 were hard times. Later he said, "I was a rebel when I was young, But I wanted to be loved and accepted. I wanted to belong to something, but I couldn't. Many teenagers go through the same struggle to grow up." In "Nowhere Man" he sang, "Knows not where he's going to. Isn't he a bit like you and me?", the message of which was "Don't worry. We all have the same problems. Let's keep hope alive."
No president or king or general or scientist; no banker or merchant holds the key to as much power as she has. None is as rich. For hers is the invincible weapon that cannot be beaten in the fight against the evils of this earth; the caring heart. And hers are the real riches of this life; the wealth of the compassionate spirit.
Dear Winston, I have much to say to you,but I am afraid it is not good news. Look at your place in school! I am sure you have a thousand excuses for not doing well-but there the fact remains! My dear Winston,I love you,but you make us very unhappy-I had built up such hopes around you&felt so proud of you&now all is gone. If you make a plan of action for yourself&carry it out,I am sure you can do anything.Your brother Jack,on the other hand,comes at the hand of class every year. I will say no more now ,but Winston,soon you will no longer be a child. You should think about your final two years and how important they are for your future life -Stop,think it out for yourself,& work hard before it is too Late. Love,your very unhappy Mother
An important part of studying any foreign language is to learn some of its idioms. Idioms are expressions that are difficult to understand by simply looking at the individual words. For example, in English we might say, "She was pulling my leg." Here, the meaning has nothing to do with my leg; rather, it means "She was teasing me." Likewise, in Japanese, you say, "Kore-wa watashitachi-no ashi-o hippatteiru," which means, "He is bringing us down." English is especially rich in idioms, so let's learn a few in this chapter. Idioms that are easiest to learn are those that are the same as in your own language. One such idioms is 'the tip of the iceberg.' This is an idioms that refers to something small which may reflect something much larger and usually bad. For example, when a student who you think has cheated on many exams is finally caught cheating on one, you might say, "That's the tip of the iceberg." Similarly, in English when we use one action to get two good results, we say, "That's killing two birds with one stone," which is exactly the same as Japanese. Another example of parallel idioms in Japanese and English is 'add fuel to the fire,' which means to make a bad situation even worse. Yet another example is 'Easier said than done,' which we say when meeting a very difficult task or situation. Although the examples above use the same words and have the same meaning in both English and Japanese, there are other idioms in which the expression is different, but the meaning is the same.
Japanese English asameshimae a piece of cake sode-no shita under the table suzume-no namida a drop in the bucket nakitsura-ni hachi in never rains but it pours
Sometimes our two languages have idioms that use the same words, but have different meanings. In English we say "You're playing with fire," which refers to taking a big risk. On the other hand, when Japanese say "hiasobi-o suru," it often refers to someone having an affair. We also share some metaphorical expressions. For example, in English a wife might say to her husband who seldom listens to her, "Everything I say gone in one ear and out the other." In a similar situation, a Japanese wife might also say about her husband, "Watashi-no ittakoto-wa minna migi-no mimi-kara hidari-no mimi-ni nukete iku." Although there are so many to learn that it might seem discouraging, try some of the idioms in this chapter when you get the chance, It may give you confidence to learn some more.
It seems that her letter was successful. When he left school at age 18,he received the following report: His work this term has been excellent. He now understands the need of meeting and overcoming trouble. Of course,no one knows his future,but what he learned in the last 12 months will certainly help him in that future. Later,when Churchill was in his 50s,he said,“I am all for the public schools,but I do not want to go there again.” As you can see,sometimes the ones who do not do well in school go on to succeed in the world. Later in life and with hard work,poor students can become successful,just like Churchill ,Lennon,and Einstein. Another poor student who did well later,Thomas Edison,offered these famous words: “Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration”
Here is a picture of fish. Do you know what they are? They are Japanese killifish or medaka. Not long ago we saw a lot of them in little streams along rice fields in the countryside. But most of them are gone now. Why? One of the reasons is that farminsecticides we used on the fields made tha water of the streams unsuitable for killifish to live in. As time gone on, they may die out completely. The environments where killifish cannot live are dangerous for humans too. We are now in the age of ecological crisis. There was a woman who told us of this crisis about forty years ago. She was Rachel Carson, the writer of Silent Spring.
Silent Spring starts like this: There was once a town in America where all life lived in harmony with its surroundings. Then a strange thing happend. The farm animals became sick and died. The birds were gone. It was a silent spring. In the mid-twentieth century, farmers in the United States of America had a hard time because insects ate their crops. So an insecticide called DDT was used to kill the insects. It helped the farmers a lot. One day in 1958, Carson got a letter from a friend, Olga Huckins. The letter said that DDT had killed many small birds on her land. At that time Carson was studying living things in the ocean and she had already felt that chemicals might be had for the environment. She began to study about DDT and she thought it was necessary that she should write a book about the danger of DDT.
Huckins' letter made Carson write Silent Spring. What she had to write in her book was clear: DDT changes the ecosystem and kills living things on the earth. She knew that many farmers were happy to use DDT, and that chemical companies and the government would be against her if such a book was published. So she had to make her book scientific. She read thousands of papers and asked many scientists about the danger of DDT. In 1962 Silent Spring was published. Soon many chemical companies started to attack Rachel Carson. They used millions of dollars to spread propaganda against her. A famous scientist said, "Silent Spring is not a scientific work. It is full of lies." Another scientist said, "If we follow what Miss Carson says, we will go back to the time when the earth was full of insects." Some people even called her a 'crazy woman'.
Carson believed that she wrote the truth in her book. She heard them calling her names. Only once did she respond. It was in a TV interview. She used the theory of 'food chains' to explain her idea. It goes something like this: a water flea eats a small amount of DDT. If a small fish eats many water fleas, the amount is increased several times. If a larger fish eats many small fish, the poison is increased even more. Thus the poison can build up many times in a few links of the food chain. If we eat the fish, how much poison will we have? The theory made many people believe what she said in her book. Soon the book became a best seller. More than 500,000 copies were sold in half a year. There were still some attacks against her, but thousands of letters were sent to thank her.
Carson answered one of the letters, "It is wrong to believe one book can change everything. But now I can believe I have at least helped a little." Rachel Carson died in 1964. Today we have stopped using DDT. But the damage we have from other chemicals today may be bigger than it was when Carson lived; we use chemicals more widely in a greater variety of forms. We still need to listen to the words that were written by Rachel Carson more than forty years ago: We stand now at the place where we have two different ways to go. The way where we are traveling is really easy. It is a superhighway, but at its end lies an ecological crisis. The other way where not many of us are traveling now is difficult. But it gives our last chance no reach a goal that assures us the survival of the earth.
All these things seemed to me the less important the longer I worked with him and the better I knew him. Great as Einstein is as a physicist, he is still greater as a man. He achieved a fame greater than that of any other scientist, although no other man is so indefferent to fame and so uncomfortable about publicity as he is.
To cut through the smog of cynicism; to take only the tool of uncompromising love; to manifest the capacity for healing; to make the story of the good Samaritan a living reality; and to live so true a life as to shine out from the back streets of Calcutta−these things take courage and faith we cannot find in ourselves and cannot be without. T do not speak her language. Yet her life speaks to me, and T am shamed and blessed at the same time. T do not believe one person can do much in this world. Yet there she stood, in Oslo, affecting the whole world. T do not believe in her idea of God. But the power of her faith shames me. And T believe in Mother Teresa. December in Oslo. The message for the world at Christmas is one of peace. Not the peace of a child in the Bethlehem stable long ago. Nor the peace of a full dinner and a sleep by the fire on December 25. But a tough, vibrant, vital peace that comes from the gesture one simple woman in a faded sari and worn sandals makes this night. A peace of mind that comes from a piece of work.
The last stage in this cycle is L, where we look at what we have done and then done and then decide whether we need to approach the problem again, with a different strategy.
An Example of the IDEAL approach
Let's see how this could be applied to student life. Imagine you are a student who has been spending too much more money. You notice one day that you don't have enough money to pay your rent or your gas and electricity bills. For the first time you understand clearly that you are going to have to manage your money better. you have identified a problem. To define it better, you calculate as precisely as you can the amount of money that you are going to need each month. The amount you have been spending is more than your parents have been giving you. you therefore consider a number of different ways of spending less. This is exploring the problem. After considering the advantages and disadvantages of different possibilities, you choose one course of action. You decide to cook for yourself more often, eating dinner at home at least three times a week. This is your action stage. After the first month you look at how successful your strategy has been. Let's imagine that you still don't quite have enough money. In this case you go back to exploring again in order to choose a new action or strategy. Perhaps, in addition to cooking dinner for yourself, you also need to make your own packed lunch each day!
In Western countries , the Atlantic Ocean lies in the center of the map of the world , so Africa and South America can be seen with the Atlantic Ocean between them. If you look at such a map , you may notice this : the east coast of South America fits exactly against the west coast of Africa , as if they had once been joined. Did the continents once fit together like a big jigsaw puzzle? One man was surprised by the remarkable fit of the coastlines . He thought that Africa, India , South America, Australia and Antarctica may once have formed a single continent. He was the German geologist drift. His theory forms the basis of our understanding of the earth today.
On January 6 , 1912 , Wegener attended a meeting and announced his theory. He proposed an idea of drifting continents and widening seas to explain the evolution of earth's geography. He suggested that a supercontinent he called Pangaea(meaning 'all lands' in Greek) had existed in the past. He went on to say , "Around 200 million years ago , Pangaea began to break into two large continents. After that, those continents continued to break into the various smaller continents that exist today." To support his theory Wegener used evidence from all fields of science ; for example , fossils of tropical plants were found on Arctic islands , and the unique rock structures of South Africa were identical to those of Brazil. He wrote one of the most controversial books in the history of science:The origin of Continents and Oceans , published in 1915.
Many scientists opposed him. "nonsense!" said a famous American scientist. Most geologists made fun of the concept that would completely change the earth sciences. They considered him an outsider doubting basic ideas of geology. Wegener also thought that the continents floated like ice in water. But most geologists strongly believed that the continents and oceans held fixed positions. They doubted Wegener because no one knew of any mechanism which could separate the continents. Wegener did not back down. He devoted the rest of his life to looking for more evidence. But his theory was never accepted in his lifetime. In 1930 , he died during an expedition to Greenland. If Wegener had lived until now , he would have seen his theory become widely accepted. New evidence from earth science has awakened interest in Wegener's theory. Many of his ideas clearly served as the basis of the theory of plate tectonics.
Plate tectonics is a relatively new theory , introduced about 40 years ago. It helps to explain the movement of the continents. Wegener was right in most of his major concepts, the continents have slowly been moving around the earth's surface. The speeds at which plates travel at speeds of between 1 and 10cm per year. This is about the same as the rate at which your fingernails grow. All the continents on the earth are now moving toward Asia. At some future date , perhaps between 200 and 300 million years from now , a new supercontinent might be formed Then you could drive around the world!
Herbert looked at me with his eyes popping. I hunched up so I could see the back floor. Nothing. Just a little wetness where her feet had been. “Where'd she get out?”I wondered. But we both knew there was no way for her. Both of us looked at the rear windows. They were closed, as they had been. We hurried toward the house. The door had a name on it:J.R.Bullard. It was opened by a man about fifty years old. “Excuse me,”Herbert said,“But there seems to be some mystery. You see,your daughter―”“Daughter?”said the man. “Why,we don't have a daughter.” A small woman now stood at his side. “We did have a daughter,”she said. “But Carol is dead. She was buried in Calhoun Cemetery four months ago.” We both knew Calhoun Cemetery. It was on the Vermont side of the river.
For Siegel, it is important to view sickness as an opportunity to learn. He has studied patients who survive a serious illness, observing how they live longer than their doctors expect. He says these are usually people who notice their feeling sand are able to accept them. A serious illness may, for example, make a patient feel angry about having wasted years doing a job that now seems meaningless. Some patients might never face these feelings. By not icing their feelings and expressing their, emotions, he says, patients are able to make wise choices with regard to their treatment. Patients need to be encouraged to accept and enjoy being themselves more than they could before they became sick. They can start to repair relationships with people they are close to. They can become more aware of something deep within themselves. This new approach to life that has come from their sickness then begins to bring benefits to their bodies, and they are often able, to an important extent, to heal themselves.
Doctors can learn from remarkable recoveries
Patients are sometimes cured and survive against all the predictions of their doctors. But the medical profession tends to ignore remark able cases which do not fit into the conventional way of solving medical problems. Conventional medical training does not teach doctors the importance of learning from cases of patients being cured for reasons that are not directly caused by medical treatment. Nor do medical schools teach doctors the value of other patients finding inspiration from such cases.
What is this plant that's guarded with such care? It must be very precious indeed. Let's try to get some when it gets dark. Sure enought, as soon as night fell, some people made it across the fence. Quickly they pulled up a few of the potatoes and made off with them. They listened and looked carefully but they neither heard nor saw any guards. Soon the word spread that the field was not guarded at night. Then the robberies really began in earnest.
Potatoes, which had always been despised, were carried off by the sackful. Finally there was not a potato left in the field.
The king and his government were delighted because they knew that the nation's food supply would increase. Fewer people would starve. And they were right. As more people began sampling the potato they realized how good they were and how inexpensive. Once they learned, the news spread fast.
The news not only spread through France, but to other countries as well. Potatoes grew so well that for many years the potatf was the main food of Ireland. But in the middle of the nineteenth century the potato crops failed for a number of years. When that happened, about a million Irish people starved to death. The potato failure was the reason many Irish people came to North America.
Today perhaps no food is more common and popular in so many places as the once disliked thing that grew underground: the lowly potato.
But the most memorable thing about “Memento” is its order of events. The film begins at the end and proceeds in reverse chronological order. Yes, the story unfolds backwards! He explores the process of memory, and the ways in which it can be distorted. As we learn more about Leonard, we develop a sense of his confusion and uncertainty, and begin to question the reliability of his point of view. We understand his motive−as he puts it, “My wife deserves vengeance“―but what is the point of revenge if Leonard will not be able to remember it? Another recent thriller, “The Usual Suspects”, utilized a so-called “unreliable narrator” to tell its story. The main character relates the events that have led to his arrest. At the end, though, we find out that he has been making almost everything up. We cannot be sure how much of his narration was truth, and how much fiction. He is also an unreliable narrator of sorts. He doesn’t intentionally misinform, but what he does tell us is only as reliable as his short-term memory allows. We see the events of the film through his subjective window only. This mirrors our own struggles with memory and forces us to think about the connection between fact and fiction, reality and illusion. As he says, “Memories aren’t facts−just interpretations.” How much of our past can we actually recall? How much do we try to forget? And how much do we make up?
Psychics are people who can get information about people,places,or situations through a sixth sense ――a sense that exists in addition to those of seeing,(a),smelling,tasting,and(b). They can use their psychic ability to heal people who are sick,to give advice,to give hints about the future,and to do many other things. S6etimes companies and governments use psychis,too One year a company called Delphi and Associates earned 120,000 dollars on the stock market with the help of psychics. And the CIA got help from a psychic in the 1970s. This psychic was able to make a detailed drawing of an important place in Russia. “So how can I get some psychic help?”you may ask yourself. Well,you don't have to pay a lot of money to a professional psychic. You can start by (c) your own psychic ability. Everyone has a psychic sense,but most of us never learn to use it. You probably won't immediately be able to draw detailed pictures of faraway places you have never visited,but your psychic sense can help you in other ways. For example,maybe you'll make better choices about a job,or maybe you'll“know”when there is something wrong and you need to call home right away. Psychic abilities are really jast another sense,similar to our other five senses. Thd difference is that we never develop our psychic sense in the same way that we develop our other senses.
We train our eyes to see the difference between a V and a U; we train our ears to hear the difference between a /ch/and a/sh/sound; we can feel the difference between silk and leather; we can smell and taste if milk is sour. But our sixth sense, our psychic sense,seldom develops very much. Because most of us ignore our psychic sense for so long, it takes some time to develop it If you have never played soccer before,you can't expect to be a good player after three lessons. It might take years to become really good. Psychic ability works the same way. To prepare yourself to work on your psychic development,you'll need to do several things,including the following:◇(d). It's difficult to concentrate with other people arnund. ◇Pay attention to nature. Nature will give you more inspiration than man-made oajects. ◇Develop your imagination. Developing your imagination will help you to develop your psychic ability. An important step is to turn off your TV. When we watch TV,our imagination and our psychic sense grow very (e). A good teacher or book can give you some exercise to gradually develop and control your psychic ability. You may be (f) by the things you can “see”in people,places,or situations once you know how to look with your “psychic third eye.”
We are at least six men short,and those we have will be overparted,ranters and stutterers who should be sent back to the stews. 我々には少なくとも6名の人員が足りず、今いる奴は兼ねる役が多く までは訳せるのですがその後、特にsent back to the stewsのくだりがさっぱりです どなたかお願いします
How can you always be late for your arrival?You know I forgive you every single time. Retreat, retreat. I’ve fallen at the low tide. and meet me by the quayside. In the end, all you can hope for is the love you felt to equal the pain you’ve gone through. Are your eyes showing off from mine? Your face in my hands is everything that I need.
The system’s put in place, put there to protect us for you I throw a lifeline every time. Retreat, retreat. I’ve fallen at the low tide and meet me by the quayside.
Bones, starve the flesh, surround your aching heart full of love
It is by no means unusual that a single language dies like Kasabe in Cameroon. Communities have come and gone since the early days of human history, taking their language with them. However, the wave of language destruction today is on a big scale. On average, there is a language dying out somewhere in the world every two weeks or so. Linguists say that there are 51 languages around the world with only one speaker left and 426 are nearly extinct. In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are also likely to die out soon.
There is a mystical moment in which Rousseau mysteriously passes from the notion of a group of individuals in voluntary, free relations with each other, each pursuing his own good, to the notion of submission to something which is myself, and yet greater than myself ? the whole, the community. The steps by which he reaches it are peculiar and worth examining briefly.
I say to myself that there are certain things which I desire, and if I am stopped from having them, then I am not free; and this is the worst thing which can befall me.
I then say to myself, 'What is it that I desire' I desire only the satisfaction of my nature.
If I am wise, and if I am rational, well-informed, clear-sighted, then I discover in what this satisfaction lies.
The true satisfaction of any one man cannot clash with the true satisfaction of any other man, for if it clashed, nature would not be harmonious and one truth would collide with another, which is logically impossible.
I may find that other men are trying to frustrate me. Why are the doing this?
If I know that I am right, if I know that what I seek is the true good, then people who oppose me most be in error about what it is that they themselves seek.
No doubt they too think that they are seeking the good, they assert their own liberty to secure it, but they are seeking it in the wrong place.
In virtue of what have I this right to prevent them?
Not because I want something that they do not want, not because I am superior to them, not because I am stronger than they are, not even because I am wiser than they are, for they are human beings with immortal souls, and as such my equals, and Rousseau passionately believes in equality.
It is because, if they knew what they truly wanted, they would seek what I seek. The fact that they do not seek this means that they do not really know - and it is 'truly' and 'really' which, as so often, are the treacherous words.
What Rousseau really wishes to convey is that every man is potentially good - nobody can be altogether bad.
If men allowed their natural goodness to well out from them, then they would want only what is right; and the fact that they do not want it merely means that they do not understand their own nature.
For Rousseau, to say that a man wants what is bat, although potentially he wants what is good, is like saying that there is some secret part of himself which is his ‘real’ self; that if he were himself, if he were as he ought to be, if he were his true self, then he would seek the good.
From that it is but a small step to saying that there is a sense in which he already seeks this good, but dose not know this.
It is true that if you ask him what it is that he wants, he may enunciate some very evil purpose.
But the true man inside him, the immortal soul, that which would speak out if only he allowed nature to penetrate his breast, if only he lived the right kind of life, and viewed himself as he really is, his true self seeks something else.
I know what any man’s true self seeks; for it most seek what my own self seeks, whenever I know that what I am now is my own true self, and not my other, illusory, self.
It is this notion of the two selves which really dose the work in Rousseau’s thought.
When I stop a man from pursuing evil ends, even when I put him in jail in order to prevent him from causing damage to other good men, even if I execute him as an abandoned criminal, I do this not for utilitarian reasons, in order to give happiness to others; not even for retributive reasons, in order to punish him for the evil that he dose.
I do it because that is what his own inner, better, more real self would have done if only he had allowed it to speak.
I set myself up as the authority not merely over my actions, but over his.
This is what is meant by Rousseau’s famous phrase about the right of society to force men to be free.
The pilgrim colony,up in Plymouth, had a very different kind of leader not a soldier of futune at all,but a pious and learned man, William Bradford. But some things Bradford had in common with Smith:a stout heart, a shrewd judgement, and a lively pen. As we have the Pocahontas story from Smith, so we have from Bradford stories like that of First Thanks-giving in 1621, when a great feast was held and friendly Indians were invited. Pennsylvania came later and it too had the good fortune to have a generous and courageous leader, William Penn, who gave his name to the colony.
Most white British people know nothing about Islam,and form an image of it from Iran, Iraq or Afghanistan,or from bomb-ings in London,Spain and Bali,wrongly concluding that all Muslims are backward,violent and fanatical. 訳をよろしくお願いします。
>>299 Most white British people know nothing about Islam,and form an image of it from Iran, Iraq or Afghanistan,or from bomb-ings in London,Spain and Bali,wrongly concluding that all Muslims are backward,violent and fanatical.ほとんどの英国の白人はイスラム教について何も知らず、イラン、イラク、 アフガニスタンから、あるいはロンドン、スペイン、バリでの爆破事件から そのイメージを作り、全てのイスラム教徒は後進的で凶暴で狂信的だと間違った 結論を下すのである。
To discover how life began, paleontologists study fossils. Fossils are the remains or imprints of plants and animals of long ago that have been preserved in the earth's crust. The simplest forms of life appear in the lowest or oldest rocks. Although scientists can calculate that the earth is 4.6 billion years old , the oldest rocks that show any trace of life are less than 2 billion years old. Therefore, about 2.5 billion years had passed on the earth when life originated. Since the oldest forms of life were all sea life, many scientists believe life began in the sea.
We do not know exactly how, but in some miraculous way, the right kind of molecules happened to combine in the ocean or in clay to form a minute organism. All life has probably evolved from that single original cell, which may have been something like the bacteria of today. This one-called organism ate, grew, responded to its surroundings, reproduced itself, and spread throughout the oceans.
Probably those first tiny organisms were not all alike. Some were better able to obtain food or adapt to colder waters. The stronger cells survived and their characteristics were passed on to the next generation.
The early cells reproduced simply by dividing in two. After a long time, single cells became attached to one another, and each cell became specialized in a different function. Gradually organisms became more and more complex. Today, many living things are made up of a combination of cells; our bodies are composed of skin cells, blood cells, muscle cells, mbrain cells, and so on.
The gradual migration of life from the ocean to the land was another major step that made many advances possible. Eventually plants and animals divided into males and females, and possibilities increased for developing new and varied species or types. To date, more than 400,000 species of plants and 1,200,000 species of animals have developed. Gradually, the senses of sight and hearing improved in animals and brains grew and developed. Finally, intelligence progressed, leading to the development of human beings.
訳がわかりません・・・ お願いします。 Blood transfusions can save lives. Doctors have always been worried about donated blood, however. Today, screening tests make sure that blood containing HIV or hepatitis is no longer passed on to patients, but 1% of people receiving blood still suffer problems such as viral infections and allergies. Hemophiliacs, in particular, who often require blood transfusions, have suffered much from receiving infected blood-many of them have died painful deaths after being given dangerous blood which had not been properly screened. Scientists are also concerned about the dangers of a new deadly infection which they do not yet have the technology to find.
Fortunately today, there are ways of keeping unknown blood out of our bodies. One possibility is to store your own blood, so it can be used again for yourself in an emergency. This is very useful for operations in some cases, but impractical in many others. Obviously, premature babies have no chance to donate in advance, and accident victims are unlikely to do so, as blood can only be kept for a short time before the red blood cells die. Other patients are too weal to provide their own. A second way is for doctors to save the blood that patients lose during surgery and give it back.
すみません、どなたか和訳をお願いします・・・ Vitamin D is present in fish-liver oils, egg yolks and liver and is also formed by sunlight acting on cholesterol in our skin. It helps the body to take in calcium and prevents rickets - a disease which used to be common among children in cities and which caused their bones and teeth to form badly. New research shows that these vitamins may be even more important than anyone has previously realized. Vitamin C, for example, may help prevent cancer and heart disease. A ten-year study in America of 25-to-74-year-olds, showed that men with a high intake of vitamin C suffered 41% fewer deaths during the study than men with a very low intake. In other words, they lived six years longer. Scientists have also linked Vitamin D to fighting breast and colon cancer. Geographic studies show that northern cities and countries have high rates of these cancers, while the diseases are almost unknown near the equator. One northern country different from the pattern is Japan. What does Japan have in common with equtorial countries? An obvious answer is vitamin D, which people in both places benefit from in high quantities.
>>314の続きです Southern countries enjoy long hours of sunshine, and the japanese diet is well-known to be rich in fishoils. The scientists have not made a direct link between vitamin C and the prevention of cancer and heart disease, despite the statistics that most people who consume much vitamin C live healthy lives in other ways. They exercise more, weigh less and eat better. Nonetheless,extra vitamin C will not hurt anyone, so it seems wise for all of us to think about the amount of vitamin C we consume now - and to increase our intake whenever we can. Our intake of vitamin D is perhaps more difficult to control. Clearly, people living in northern countries and in cities where they are exposed to little natural sunlight need to take special care with their diets. Nowadays most milk includes added vitamin D, and fatty fish such as tuna and salmon are important natural sources of it. Think about your own and your family's diet. Are you C dissolves in a lot of water. This water can be saved and made into stock or sauces. How healthy is your cooking?
In the United States, women took men's jobs during World War U, but when the war ended in 1945, the women did not want to leave these jobs. They wanted good jobs, equal pay for equal work, and the right to work in any occupation.
Sandra Day O'Connor was one women who wanted a "man's" job. She wanted to be a lawyer. In 1949 she went to law school. There were only three women in her class of 100 students. She was one of the best students, but when she graduated she had trouble finding a job. Law firms wanted to hire her as a secretary, not a lawyer. She finally found a job as a county lawyer in California and later as a lawyer for the State of Arizona. In 1981 she became the first women justice of the United States Supreme Court.
My best friend’s name is Jack and he’s an inventor. He really stands out because he’s so intelligent. He’s always figuring out the best way to do things, and improving his inventions to make them better. Although he’s not very successful now, and lives in a small apartment near the zoo, he hopes that one day one of his inventions will really take off and make him rich. I only see him now and then, but without question, Jack is the most interesting person I know.
Sue: Hi, Joe. How was your weekend? Joe: It was great! As for the weekend, I had planned to take part in a bicycle race, but then my plans changed. Sue: Really? What did you end up doing? Joe: Well, some friends found out that it was my birthday, and they wanted to celebrate. Sue: Oh! I didn’t know. Happy birthday! Did you get many gifts? Joe: Yeah, I sure did! I got a book on history and some warm gloves for skiing. Sue: Great. I know you go skiing a lot, I’m sure you’ll put them to good use. You’re lucky to have such good friends.
A summary of the white paper obtained by The Yomiuri Shimbun on Saturday noted the need to maintain the number of factory workers as the population declines. It says 41.1 percent of manufacturers polled this year feared a decrease in level of job skill as their baby boomer workers retire, up from 30.5 percent in 2005. The survey also showed that only 20 percent of the companies surveyed said they had programs to train part-time workers in particular skills. About 80 percent of jobs done by part-time workers in the industry were found to be simple and repetitive, the white paper draft said. The white paper has been released every year, as stipulated under the Basic Law for the Promotion of the Nation's Manufacturing Technologies, which went into effect in June 1999. White about 40 percent of part-timers surveyed for the 2006 paper said they wanted to become regular employees, no more than 44 percent of companies reported they had a system to promote workers from part-time to regular positions, it said.
The draft acknowledged, however, that many companies had been understandably wary of increasing their number of regular workers because of the accompanying rise in personnel costs. The summary did not outline specific proposals to ensure compatibility between the firms conflicting needs of having both skilled wokers and stable labor costs.
According to UNICEF,"out of 100 children born in a year,30 will most likely suffer from malnutrition in their first five years of life,26 will not be immunized against the basic childhood diseases,19 will lack access to safe drinking water and 40 to adequate sanitation, and 17will never go to school."
She loved the distant look in his eyes when they rested on her, the funny shape of his mouth, and especially the way he remained silent about his tiredness, sitting still with himself until the alcohol had taken some of it away.
As a result, many state(public)schools today are still Church schools,teach-ing children ordinary subjects and also how to be good Angli-cans, Methodists,Catholics etc.(There are also 35 Jewish schools and at least one Muslim and Sikh school.) お願いします。
@I was working for Reagan High School in Texas as a science teacher when I was thirty-five. I was also the coach of the school baseball team because I had played minor-league professional baseball from age 18 to 24. In Texas,high school baseball begins in early Feburuary. But even two weeks after the season began,my players weren't concentrating on their practice. They were letting pop flies drop between them and swinging too late at fastballs. They didn't believe they had a chance of winning the district championship. It was a late afternoon at the beginning of March. "the thing that worries me," I told them, "is that T can't shake you guys out of this apathetic attitude." Now I had their attention. "Your had better realize," I continued, "that you nees dreams to accomplish anything.Without dreams, you're nothing in the world. And the bigger your dreams,the more you chan accomplish." My speech continued for some time. When I finished there was a silence. It was finally broken by Joel, my senior catcher. He was a shy and polite kid. "What about you, Coach?" he said. "You're preaching one thing and another." He paused. "Don't misunderstand me.We all like you a lot. But the way you can throw the baseball, why aren't you still playing?" A chorus of voices agreed.
It seems likely that the links with the former dominions will end with Elizabeth,and that this will cause few problems;certainly Charles seems comfortable about the end-ing of such links.
よろしくお願いします!! Many scientists opposed him. "nonsense!" said a famous American scientist. Most geologists made fun of the concept that would completely change the earth sciences. They considered him an outsider doubting basic ideas of geology. Wegener also thought that the continents floated like ice in water. But most geologists strongly believed that the continents and oceans held fixed positions. They doubted Wegener because no one knew of any mechanism which could separate the continents. Wegener did not back down. He devoted the rest of his life to looking for more evidence. But his theory was never accepted in his lifetime. In 1930 , he died during an expedition to Greenland. If Wegener had lived until now , he would have seen his theory become widely accepted. New evidence from earth science has awakened interest in Wegener's theory. Many of his ideas clearly served as the basis of the theory of plate tectonics.
Plate tectonics is a relatively new theory , introduced about 40 years ago. It helps to explain the movement of the continents. Wegener was right in most of his major concepts, the continents have slowly been moving around the earth's surface. The speeds at which plates travel at speeds of between 1 and 10cm per year. This is about the same as the rate at which your fingernails grow. All the continents on the earth are now moving toward Asia. At some future date , perhaps between 200 and 300 million years from now , a new supercontinent might be formed Then you could drive around the world! 大陸移動説らしいのですが、訳そうとすると 変な文章になってしまうので、すみませんが訳をお願いします!!
The development of aircraft succeeded only when people stopped trying to imitate birds. =It was not( ) people stopped trying to imitate birds( ) the development of aircraft succeeded. 誰か( )に入る語の答えと和訳をお願いします! 助けて下さい
>>348 The development of aircraft succeeded only when people stopped trying to imitate birds. =It was not(until ) people stopped trying to imitate birds(that ) the development of aircraft succeeded. 飛行機の開発は人間が鳥をまねしようとするのをやめたときにだけ成功した。
Science has shown that the seas and oceans are comparable to the world's richest rain forests, with more than 1 million known species of plants and animals and as many as 9 million species yet to be descovered.
@ In today's deadline-driven, high-stress society, it's no longer uncommon to experience headache, stiff shoulders and carpal-tunnel pain every now and then. While many people turn to painkillers for relief from minor complaints, which in some cases can snowball into a chronic condition, massage treatments can be highly effective.
A The appetite for this type of alternative preventive medicine seems to be growing, as seen by the proliferation of massage clinics and relaxation "specialists" all over Japan. While it may seem to be a profit-making boom, Japanese have used acupressure to ease pain for more than 1000 years. And while domestic research on the scientific effects of acupressure is scarce, the proven effects of traditional Chinese and Japanese massage are being taken more seriously by those in mainstream medicine. For instance, in February, a Taiwanese study that concluded acupressure was more effective than physical therapy in relieving pain and improving lives for people with lower back pain was published in the highly respected British Medical Journal.
B The most well-known form of traditional Japanese massage is shiatsu, which literally means "finger pressure". Shiatsu is aimed at reducing pain by applying pressure to key pressure points on the body. According to The Shiatsu Way to Health, such a treatment can strengthen internal organs (and thus prevent diseases), relieve migraines, hangovers, stomachaches, heartburn, insomnia -- you name it.
C The oldest reference to anma -- traditional massage therapists -- dates to the Taiho Ritsuyo (Taiho Code) in the 8th century. Later, in the 1300s to 1400s, anma and acupuncture were taught in schools for the blind, as their sharp sensory perceptions made them good practitioners. In the Edo Period, one anma / acupuncturist Waichi Sugiyama, was given the title of kengyo, which originally meant "examine" but came to refer to the elite class of blind people who worked as composers, academics and doctors. Sugiyama invented a type of acupuncture, while serving the shogun's family.
D During the Meiji Era, Japan's embrace of all things Western, massage techniques were inported from France and became integrated with anma. In the therapeutic system he had established that integrated modern anatomy and physiology with traditional methods.
>>354 to all muh friends 俺のX箱がぶっ壊れた・・・また赤のライトが3つ点きやがったんだぜ・・・ んなもんで、お前らとは1ヶ月くらいプレイできねえわ・・・まじウゼエ とりあえずmuh friendsにshoutouto(Show out you to?)をやりたい すげえプレイしたいぜ・・・
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@What is happening to our Earth? Why are there so many unusual natural phenomenona talking place all over the world? The answer is gloval warming. One report says that the 1990s was the warmest period in tehe past one thousand years.
It has been said that there were twenty-two great weather-rated disasters in the 20th century. Of these, only seven caused more than one billion dollars of loss before 1990. In contrast, there were seven in the single year 1999.
Scientists have also noted changes in the Earth's wildlife. In Japan, for example, some insects have started moving north. Early in August, 2000, a rare kind of butterfly was seen in Saitama. These butterflies were believed to live in Okinawa and Taiwan. Until fifty years ago they had never been found north of Kyushu.
Good morning students, this is Principal Johnston, and I just have one announcement for you today. Next month we'll be hosting our annual doubles badminton tournament. Eight schools will participate this year and we'd like a lot of our students to take part. I'll pin up a poster about the tournament during the lunch break, so please take a look at it and if you're interested in participating, pair up with another student and see Mr. Colby to sign up. Have a great day and keep on working hard.
This strict management style extends all they way to the top,where the Ministry of Education carefully monitors every single aspect of the nation's schools and makes rules on everything from what textbooks can be used to how big desks must be.
宜しくお願いします。
Facing the Futureというテキストのものらしいのですが このテキスト全部を訳しているサイトなどはないのでしょうか?
it is essential that an agreed code be honoured not only to the letter but in the full sprit. It should not be interpreted so narrowly as to compromise its commitment to respect the rights of the individual, nor so broadly that it consitutes an unnecessary interference with freedom of expression or prevents publication in the public intrest.
よろしくお願いします。 I emailed you before on this, but I am reminding you of the meeting tomorrow at quarter to five. We’ll meet in the ground floor conference room and are going to focus on the marketing time frame for the new product line.
Since Linda left for Philadelphia yesterday, I am asking Robert to chair the meeting.
As you know, we have a problem. Marketing usually conducts the findings to us by this stage. However, this time the field studies took so long that they are still analyzing them and won’t have the results until the week after next. This doesn’t leave us much lead time to develop a marketing strategy.
Put your thinking caps on. We need to come up with a shortened time frame to put into effect once the results come in.
Though it's frequently heard,the term "domestic violence"only came into widespread use in Japan in the late 1990s. (Here it's often shortenend to "D.V.,"but in English that abbreviatoin is not commonly used;a native English speaker might think "D.V."means "digital video.") It generally refers to violence between husbands and wives,but in this chapter we'll use it in a wider,more literal sense to cover all violence within the home.
Ask nearly anybody about domestic violence and you'll hear that it's a serious problem that's becoming steadily worse. It seems as though every few days there's a story about it in the newspaper or on TV: a child dies after being abused by his mother and father,or a husband is arrested for beating his wife,or a teenager murders his parents.
What might explain this worsening situation?The most obvious possibility is that our modern world subjects us to more pressure than ever before. Of particular concern is Japan's economy,which has been struggling for over a decade. When people lose their jobs―or are worried that they might lose them―an extreme amount of stress builds up,and that can lead to violence. Even those who keep their jobs are likely to feel pressure to work longer hours and accomplish more.In difficult economic times,university students of any age can experience extra pressure to study harder in order to get into a famous school.
But increased stress is far from being the only possible explanation for an incrase in domestic violence. Let's consider some of the others.the most intriguing possibility is that domestic violence isn't really increasing;we're just hearing more about it than we used to.
Keep in mind that there has probably been violence in people's homes since the beginning of the human race,but until recently it was not considered improper:"A man's home is his castle." In other words,what went on inside a person's home was regarded as a private matter,even if that included violence. In many societies,men were considered the masters of their households,with wives and children just part of their property.If a man wanted to punch his wife,it was his right,just as he had a right to smash a plate or burn a book that he didn't like.
Violence against children was a daily occurrence.” Spare the rod and spoil the child” is another English saying that’s been around for centuries.It means that parents should discipline their children physically,not only verbally. Far from being a crime,beating a child was accepted as part of teaching him about right and wrong. Of course.attitudes have changed and continue to change:nowadays if parents are caught beating their child,they get into serious trouble,their offense might show up on the evening news,and it will be added to official crime statistics. But in Japan if you try to compare today’s child abuse statistics to those of twenty or thirty years ago,you’re likely to find that such statistics didn’t exist then.
Interestingly,public discussion of a sensitive subject can lead to a snowball effect, where it gets bigger and bigger,like a snowball rolling down a hillside.A good example of this is rape. Women who have been raped are often ashamed to admit it,but if they hear rape being talked about openly and honestly,they find it easier to come forward and say,”I was raped,too.” That doesn’t necessarily mean that there are more rapes taking place,only that victims are feeling freer to talk about a once-taboo subject. Similarly,when a Domestic Violence Help Line is set up,that number will probably get more calls in its second year of existence than in its first;maybe a surge in domestic violence is the reason, but maybe it’s just because the existence of the Help Line is becoming more widely known.
Finally,if we’re hearing more about domestic violence,it could be because we’re hearing more about everything. With the explosion of telecommunications in our modern world,we now have more TV channels than ever before,including some which broadcast only news,24 hours a day,from all corners of the planet. In the not-too-distant past,if a boy in Hokkaido killed his parents,it would have been big news in his area but probably not in Kyushu.By contrast,now such a crime would surely be reported nationwide and perhaps in some other countries,as well.
Don’t get the wrong impression:the point of this chapter is not to say that domestic violence isn’t really a problem. If you know somebody who has suffered at home or if you’ve been a victim of it yourself,you’re aware of the extreme pain it causes,both physically and emotionally.And the point is not to say that domestic violence actually isn’t increasing.
Rather ,the point of this chapter is that before we can think about solutions for domestic violence―or rape,or any other issue―first we have to examine it from all sides with an open mind. We have to question what we know or think we know about it.We have to consider all the possible causes,including the ones that seem unlikely.Only then can we start to feel confident about finding a meaningful solution.
most decisions are made lower down in the 50 different state governments or lower still in the nation's 15,000 school district.
In the last two decades or so,quite a few American schools have cut down on the amount of recess that children get,presumably because of a feeling that this time should be spent in the classroom,learning more. By contrast,in Japan some schools are providing more recess;there seems to be a growing understanding that unstructured free time can teach valuable lessons, such as how to get along with fellow students,which can't be learned by listening to a teacher's lecture.
so it's possible that the current school system is the best one for preparing young people for their adult lives.
Keep in mind that envying your neighbor’s grass (or school) is not necessarily a bad thing if it motivates you to study how he cares for his lawn and then apply what you’ve learned to your own yard. In fact,even though envy has a very bad reputation―it’s famous as one of “The Seven Deadly Sins’―it can be a powerful force for good in his world. When you see somebody with something you want,you have three choice:you can try to suppress your desire,you can steal what that person has,or you can work harder in order to be able to get something just like his. The first option isn’t likely to work and the second is against the law,but the third just might improve both you and your surroundings.
This is not to indulge in the boring game of emotion versus thought, body versus mind, recycled by current academic fashion into concern with "the body" as key to wisdom. For where can such a program end but in the tightening of paradox; an intellectual containment of the body's understanding? What we aim at is a more accurate, a more mindful, understanding of the play of mind on body in the everyday and, as regards academic practice, nowhere are the notions of tactility and distraction more obviously important than in need to critique what I take to be a dominant critical practice which could be called the "allegorizing" mode of reading ideology into events and artifacts, cockfights and carnivals, advertisements and film, private and public spaces, in which the surface phenomenon, as in allegory, stands as a cipher for uncovering horizon after horizon of otherwise obscure systems of meanings.
Britain,like most European countries,has long been ethni-cally mixed. Little is known about the inhabitants of Britain before the Celts arrived,about 3000years ago,though they did leave the famous anient monument,Stonehenge. After the Celts the Romans came to England,in the middle of the first century AD,followed by Angles and Saxons from what are now Den-mark and northern Germany,beginning in the fifth century. These people brought their Germanic language,which would later develop into English, and the Angles gave their name to the country;Angle-land or England. The Celts were pushed north and west,to scotland,Wales and Cornwall,or intermarried with the immigrants and adopted English.
Eric: Have you tried any of these new psychological quizzes? Miho: Psychological quizzes? E: Yes. You know the ones I mean… these quizzes that show your true personality. M: Oh, sure. I took one once. It had questions like “What’s your favorite color?” and “Do you write in your books?” E: Yes, that’s the kind I’m talking about! So what did you think? M: I can’t say for sure, but it seems to me that most of these quizzes are just for entertainment. E: Some of them probably are, yes. M: And it’s likely that most of them are not written by experts. E: That’s true, too, but I feel certain that some of them really do work. M: Well, that may be so… but I have my doubts. E: There’s a new quiz I’ve got here in my bag. Won’t you just have a look at it? M: A new one? E: Yes. Just give it a try. I know you’ll like it. I’m convinced it really works. M: Well, I don’t believe in this sort of thing, but… E: But you’ll try it, won’t you? M: Oh, all right, Eric. I suppose I will.
The Garbage Can Quiz You are walking down the street, thinking of other things, when you knock over a garbage can. What comes spilling out? Choose from the list below. 1.Nothing-the can was empty. 2.A pile of loose trash. 3.Apple cores, chicken bones, and other raw garbage. 4.A well-tied black plastic garbage bag.
Key to the Quiz Your image of the can’s contents is what you try to hide from public view. 1.Nothing-the can was empty. People who gave this answer probably live their lives without hiding anything. These people tell you what they think whether you want to hear it or not.
2.A pile of loose trash. Those of you who chose Number 2 may seem to be straightforward to others, but it is likely that you have a pile of unexpressed feelings inside you. You may notice these feelings only as frustration, but isn’t it possible that there are times when you don’t say the things you really feel?
3.Apple cores, chicken bones, and other raw garbage. You might be holding back your appetite. Maybe you are on a diet. Or trying to save money by cutting back on food. In any case, it is pretty certain that it is causing you problems. It might do you good to spend a night out at a restaurant with friends.
4.A well-tied black plastic garbage bag. You are a very controlled person. Perhaps you hate to show weakness or complain-your pride won’t allow it. But letting others know how you really feel is no sign of weakness. Open up the bag and let in some air before all that garbage goes bad.
Houdini, mean while, had realized that he could survive, while he swam around looking for the hole, by breathing air in small pockets between the water and ice.
和訳お願いします。m(__)m that is correct. Your items were sent in two different packages. You should be receiving item 160200097202 no later than next week. If you don't, please contact us again and we'll solve this issue.
you may find that this is just the opposite of what most of us do in low moods. More often than not,we try to think our way out of them. We sttrugle and force. But we can't think our way out of a low mood because our thinking feeds our feeling. The more we think analytically in a low mood,the worse we feel.
お願いします。。 In 1994 I visited Neuschwanste in Castle in Germany with a friend. It stands at the top of a mountain. I wanted to take the carriage to go up the long slope to the castle. When I tried to go get into the carriage, the driver said to me, "There are many stairs in the castle. You won`t be albe to get around it in a wheelchair". I felt sad to hear that. She didn`t want to take me. I just wanted to look at the castle close up. However, some people nearby noticed that I was having trouble. They said to the driver, "You should take him to the castle". At last, the driver agree to take me. It was easy to get to the castle. I was happy to see it close up. At the gete, I said Isend to my friend, "I`ll wait for you outside". Then a man beside me said, "You should go inside. If you do, you`ll be happy and we`ll also be happy". After that many people helped me. I was passed from one parson to another. I was like a baton in a realy race. We enjoyed the beauty of the castle together. I found out that people could share their joy whether in a wheelchair or not. I`ll never forget this exprience. I want to contunue to pursue my dream, meet many people, and see wonderful things. いそいでます。 よろしくお願いします。
What is happening to our Earth? Why are there so many unusual natural phenomena taking place all over the world? The answer is global warming. One report says that the 1990s was the warmest period in the past one thousand years. It has been said that there were twenty-two great weather-related disasters in the 20th century. Of these, only seven caused more than one billion dollars of loss before 1990. In contrast, there were seven in the single year 1999. Scientists have also noted changes in the Earth’s wildlife. In Japan, for example, some insects have started moving north. Early in August, 2000, a rare kind of butterfly was seen in Saitama. These butterflies were believed to live in Okinawa and Taiwan. Until fifty years ago they had never been found north of Kyushu.
Global warming is closely related to what is called the ‘greenhouse effect.’ The greenhouse effect itself is a fact of nature. Gases such as carbon dioxide(CO2) and methane cover the Earth like a sheet. The effect is like a greenhouse: the sun’s heat is kept in. These gases are natural, and have kept the Earth’s climate at an average of 15℃. Without them, the average would have fallen to −18℃. In recent times, however, there has been a major increase in the greenhouse effect. In 1998, 6.4 billion tons of CO2 was produced because of the use of fossil fuels. This is four times as much as the CO2 produced in 1950. The more these waste gases collect in the air, the more the heat of the sun is kept near to the Earth. As a result, the climate becomes warmer and warmer. The IPCC report of 2001 warns us that the increase in the greenhouse effect will cause a rise in the global temperature of from 1.4℃ to 5.8℃ by 2100. If we go on using fossil fuels, the temperature will have greatly increased by the next century. But if we choose to introduce clean and efficient technology, we can keep the increase small.
ばらばらですが、どなたか和訳お願い致します。 But where should we look to find the roots of this international language?
However, trouble in Gaul(now France) called Caesar back to the Continent.
William of Normandy, who is called William the Conqueror, invaded Britain with a powerful army. French was the language of the Normans, so French became the language of the nobility for 200 years. During that time only farmers and country people continued to speak English.
The truth is, the young lady isn't human; she is a robot. With the aid of voice recognition technology she can understand about 300 words, and can respond with about 700 different answers along with an almost unlimited number of facial expressions. She may not be a true human being, but it's very hard to tell for sure whether she is or isn't. "I almost feel like she's a real person. She has a temper, and she sometimes makes mistakes," say her creator.
We live in an unprecedented time, confronted by unprecedented problems. I suppose that every generation believes in the unprecedented nature of its time and place, and to some extent this belief is well founded. But what we are living through in the final decades of this century is something altogether different. It is nothing less than the collapse of the Euclidian world order of stable entities and common sense assumptions that have governed our understanding of the world for the past two hundred years. The engineering model of planning that served us during this period, with its penchant for advance decision making and blueprinting and this claims of superiority to other forms of decision making because of its scientific character, are thus no longer valid and must be abandoned. We are moving into a non-Euclidian world of many space-time geographies, and it is the recognition of this change that obliges us to think of new and more appropriate models.
There are many new kinds of robots that already play various roles in japan. For example, leading Japanese companies have made surprisingly advanced entertainment robots in the past few years, from a small dog to a dancing trumpet player. These machines have been mainly used to create a positive image for the companies. A robotic baby seal, which scored a striking hit among elderly people, has a little different function. Just lying around all day, it opens its cute eyes if it is patted, and begins to wave its flippers. In fact, it was found to be as good as real animals at making people happier, helping them manage stress and increasing the amount of time people talked with friends and caretakers. This type of robot is expected to play an important role in the future by helping sick people feel better and reducing medical costs.
Well, I rarely have HAD any embarrasSments for such habitual differences. ------------------------------ embarassment等は恥等経済的困窮等を連想汁のでbewilder等confuse等が宜し。 違ひが箸とスプソの一例しか挙げてをらんもんで此を総括汁のが困難だが 当ビ的にはcultural differences等。シカーシcultural and habitual differencesと イパーソ化を高めるも宜し。シカーシculturalもhabitualも取りタダのsuch differences としても減点対象にはならん氣汁。
For me, there is a feeling that they are naturally different. ------------------------------ 前半はThere is a feeling in me等のはうが当ビ的には宜し。 後半は「生まれつき異なる」意が生汁。nature or nurtureで云へば 箸とスプソの選択の相違はnurtureに属汁。 that they can be different.で宜し。
And moreover, I should troubled with them were they not different. ------------------------------ 冒頭にAnd等BUT(丸文字)等付けると女子高女子大生つぽくてはあとであるが チート格が下がるつぽいからトル。Ishouldの後は動詞の原形を期待汁。 読返せば文章として成立してをらんだら?
One often sees a notice beside the elevators in Japanese department stores, libraries, and other public pleaces:“Persons in wheelchairs please use only when accompanied.” Yet it is possible for me to do everything―getting my power chair into the elevator, pressing the button for the floor I want, and getting off there―on my own.
The club was founded in Amsterdam on March 18, 1900 by Floris Stempel, Carel Reeser and the brothers Han and Johan Dade. It was the second incarnation, after a short-lived previous attempt (as the Footh-Ball Club Ajax) in 1894.
this is known as honne-to-tatemae in Japanese. ☆let's say that your boss is so mean and evey night at home you curse him. this is honne(the truth). but at the office,you never say something against him and sometimes even praise him. this is tatemae(saving face).
What we have given you here has been a quick one-day tour of some of the most famous spots in London.
Maybe she asks, “Ever tried to get a date with a boy that doesn’t seem interested in you?” If you only answer, “Yeah, a couple of times,” and add nothing, you have dropped the ball again.
Or when you’re asked about getting a date, you can say, “Yeah. I tried a couple of times and once it worked.”
Let's say that →〜としましょう (「〜だと仮定しましょう」または「〜だということにしましょう」) | your boss →あなたの上司 | is →が | so mean →超イジワル and →で (上下の文をつないでます) | evey night →毎晩 | at home →自宅で | you curse him. →あなたは彼を呪っている(シネシネ!とか)
Thanks a lot for buying from me, to ensure a smooth delivery, please send me your exact mailing address in JAPANESE. you can send it to me by using Attached Word Document.
Every Sunday, he was going to be a nice old vicar traveling around for the "Society", making a list of the antique furniture. And then, if he saw something he really wanted, well - he knew what to do.
To me, asking questions is the first step toward understanding. If we are stand back and only wonder, too afraid ask, then we start to run into problems like ignorance and racism. The truth is envy Noran. Her faith in Islam and Egypt is strong. Perhaps this is part of the reason for the conflict in the world today -we are too envious of each other and forget that it's OK to admire one another for our differences. Or perhaps it is just a misunderstanding. Noran and I are different. Sure, we have conflicting views, but we never say that the other is wrong. I have learned more from Noran than I could ever hope to learn from a textbook. I dream of one day appearing on Noran's doorstep in Cairo and giving her a hug for the first time. I also dream of showing her sights of Australia. But most of all I dream for people to experience what I have experienced -to learn that it is OK to be different, not to be afraid of another, to understand.
Pro-vision ENGLISH READING New Edition のレッスン1の最後のパート?(厳密にはパートではないのですが)です。
Voyager Reading Course の Lesson2 Going Under です。意味は大体分かるのですが、 日本語に訳せません。どなたかよろしくおねがいします。
"Mr. President, before I left Tuvalu, my grandchildren asked me why I was coming to Kyoto and whether I would be bringing back any presents for their Christmas. I am more than sure that the whole world, including our children and grandchildren, is watching closely what will come out of the Kyoto meeting. Let me state again that the best Christmas present I can take back from Kyoto is not something nice to eat, of course; what I want for my grandchildren is the promise from the Parties here that they will cut down greenhouse gas emissions. I believe that their action will protect our grandchildren and the people of the world in the future." At the Kyoto Convention on Climate Change in December, 1997, Bikenibeu Paeniu, a special speaker from Tuvalu, ended his address by making this strong appeal to the world.
Since her sister Sophia died in 1993, Marie is the last Eyak who knows that 'kaelltaak' means 'seal'. She occasionally gets calls from Michael Krauss, a linguist who talks to her in Eyak. More often she remembers Eyak words and sometimes says then aloud. "I just want to hear what they sound like", she says. When Ms Jones is dead, there will be no native speaker of Eyak. This means that part of the Eyak culture will also die out. Doesn't it follow that then we would lose part of the treasure of human culture? It is just like when we lose part of nature with the death of a species of animal or plant. Once a culture vanishes from this world, it is gone forever.
The last native speaker of Miami, another Native American language, died in the 1960s. But Daryl Baldwin,37,has nursed the language back to life. He taught himself Miami words,grammar,and sounds. Then he started to use Miami at home. Now he and his friends teach Miami to children. This kind of effort is seen when people try to revive many other languages in the world. Another example is Maori,the Polynesian New Zealanders' language. Maori is not in as bad condition as Eyak and Miami , but if nothing is done to keep it, it will be replaced with English. Now, to make it vital again,Maori children learn the language at 'Kohanga Reo'or'language nests'. There are some Maori language newspapers and radio programs in New Zealand. Similar efforts can be seen with Ainu in Japan.
Can't you feel? This beat is changing. Blood can't stop. My heart, my soul cries. Don't stop me! I wanna change. You understand? You changed me.
Can't you feel? The weight of your crime. I'm just tired. Did you pull the trigger? In that way. You should escape. A broken thing is never restored.
I'll never forgive your mind. Break Down
Scream in a dream. Where is your justice? Just say it now! Don't cry. Close your eyes It drives me crazy. Get out of my sight. I hate your guts. Give me, Murder Licence
VoyagerのUNIT1です。お願いします。 [1] In the middle of the world's fastest growing city, a group of young businesspeople and students push their way into a circle. In the center is a young man looking at the crowd. People gather to listen to his speech. He has only one quality that could attract so much attention from the audience ― he speaks in English. This is not a scene from Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park in London,but one of the English corners in Shanghai,China. English corners are very popular among the young people in some big cities in China, such as Beijing, Dalian, and Shanghai. “I come here every week to talk about anything in English," says one engineering student studying in Shanghai. [2] English is now spoken all over the world and studied very hard in various kinds of places by large numbers of people. In South Korea, children can get the chance to use English in real situations. Here, the local government has founded Engnsh village. lt's an all-English immersion community where young guests carry out various everyday activities completely in English. In large Chinese cities like Beijing and Shanghai,there is also a big market for Engnsh Iearning. As the number of foreign businesses coming into China continues to increase, English is considered to be not just useful, but even necessary for a good future career. In Southeast Asia, national officials of Cambodia, Laos, vietnam and East Timor are sent to Singapore in order to take part in English language training programs. In Tunisia, a former French-ruled country in North Africa, English has begun to spread in schools and in businesses. The need for English has been increased by a desire to access the latest information around the world more directly through English, rather than through French.
[3] According to a recent study, the number of non-native speakers of English is now three times as large as that of native speakers. In Asia alone, the number of English-users has topped 350 million, which more or less equals the populations of the united States, Britain and Canada together. In fact, the number of Chinese children studying English ― about 100 million ― is greater than the entire population of Great Britain. One specialist says,“There's never been a language before that is spoken by more people as a second language than as a first.” The new English speakers aren't just studying English as a second language,but they are also changing it and even creating their own version of it. VVhile British or American English has been a model for learners of English in the classroom, new varieties of English are being born in every corner of the world. For example, a Tagalog-English hybrid is now spoken in the Philippines, and Hinglish, a mix of Hindi and English,can be seen and heard everywhere in South Asia from fast-food shops to universities. In South Africa, many people consider their own kind of English, with many words of their native languages mixed in, as a sign of freedom. One African actor says, “We speak English with our own accent and point of view.”Challenging the power of British or American English in Europe, some people in the European Union are promoting another kind called Euro English. They expect it to possibly become the standard language for the EU sometime in the future, because they feel it would be more familiar to non-native speakers of English. English once belonged to only native speakers in Britain or the U.S.,but now it seems to be owned by everyone who speaks and uses it.
[4] It may seem to be a paradox, but with the spread of English,speakers of other languages could consider their own local languages more important for their own cultural traditions. In Germany,for example, people have been enjoying the benefits of using English to access global communication; as a recent study shows, most German teachers support using English as a common means of communication in Europe. But at the same time, they respect their national language for the role it plays in maintaining their cultural identity. In the united States, the Census Bureau reports that nearly one American in five speaks a language other than English at home, with Spanish leading and Chinese growing fast. As these cases show, there is no need to choose which to use, either one's mother tongue or English: there is a place for both. As more and more people learn English as a foreign language, it may be the case in the future that the world will move toward becoming a bilingual society. We will meet more people who speak their native language and one more language for international communication. Japan is perhaps not an exception. From now on, each one of us should think about his or her own purpose and goal for learning the English language.
Every culture has its own unwritten list of behavior that is acceptable. Every culture also has its taboos, or behavior to be avoided. If you travel to another country, on a school excursion or vacation, it is important to learn some of that country's customs so that you do not insult the people living there. The word "Taboo" comes from the Tongan language. It is used in modern English to describe verbal and nonverbal behavior that is forbidden. Not everyone is aware that taboos are not universal; they are special to each culture or country, and usually form around a group's values and beliefs. therefore, what is regarded as acceptable behavior in one country may be a serious taboo in another.
mary:Hi, Bob. What are you doing? Bob:I was just looking at a pamphlet about classical music in Osaka this season. Mary:Really? I love going to concerts. Bob:And are you interested in classical music? Mary:I sure am. Is there anything interesting? Bob:Let's see.... Mary:I can't spend much and I was told that tickets in Japan were expensive. Bob:Not if it's a Japanese orchestra. Mary:Does Osaka have a symphony orchestra? Bob:Yeah, and look here, it's performing next weekend. Mary:What luck! shall we go together? Bob:Unfortunately, I have to work next weekend. Mary:Oh, that's too bad. But I'll let you know how it was. Bob:Thanks, Mary. Mary:And thank you for finding a concert for me.
Part.1 Oneday,when I was a freshman in high school,I saw a kid from my class walking home from scool. His name was Kyle.It looked like he was carrying all of his books. "Why would anyone take all his bokks home on a Friday?" I thought to myself."He must really be a nerd." I had abig weekend planned---parties and a football game with my friends on the following afternoon. So I just shrugged my shoulders and went on.
Part.2 As I was walking,I saw a bunch of kids runnning toward him. they Knocked all his books out of his arms and tripped him,causing him to land in the dirt. his glasses went flying,and I saw themland in the grass about ten feet from him. When he looked up at me,I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. I felt sorry for,him,and so I jogged over to him. And as he crawled around looking for his grasses,I saw tears in his eyes. I handed him his glasses."Those guys are jerks."I said "They really shoud grow up."He lokked at me,and said,"Thanks!" There was a big smile on his face. It was one of those smiles that showed true gratitude. I helpd him pick up his books and asked him where he lived. As it turened out,he lived near me. When I asked him why I had never seen him before,he said that had gone to a private school for the past several years.
Or in the case of something small, you might say that using honey instead of sugar in a cake recipe makes the difference. In other words, the honey is what makes the cake taste so good. In Frost’s poem, of course, saying that the less traveled road has made all the difference suggests that the speaker has made the right choice.
I suppose this poem, and particularly the way it’s taught in school, expresses part of the American Dream. That is, the idea that if you have the courage to be different and to follow your own path, life will be more rewarding. It’s fairly common for teachers or parents to tell children, “If you believe in yourself, you can do anything: become a doctor, a successful musician, or even the President of the United States. It’s up to you.” But is it really? How many of us can actually become the President? Or even a successful musician? There are a lot of very talented actors, musicians, and writers in the States who never experience success. And plenty of lawyers and PhDs who can’t find a good job. Of course, the American Dream sounds good and for some people it works, especially as a type of positive thinking. But it can be a burden too. I remember one friend saying he hated being told he could do anything when he was growing up. He didn’t want to be a doctor or the president and being pushed to do something special made him feel guilty for wanting a more ordinary life. After all, some people are happier on the well-worn path.
Every languagehas an expression for greeting people. "Kon'nichiwa" is a Japanese standard greetings. It is the short form of the phrase, "Kon'nichi wa gokigen ikaga desuka." How do people greet each other in other lamguages? IN English, "Good afternoon" is a standard greetings. It is almost equal to "Kon'nichiwqa." It is also a short form. The lomg form is "May you have a good afternoon! form is "May you have a good afternoon!" So this phrase can also be used for saying"Goodbye." This "good afternoon" pattern of greetings is common throughout Europe. Consider the German "Guten Tag" and the French "Bonjour." They mean "Good day."
In other languages, such as Arabic and Hindi, there are slightly different patterens. In these languages, people wish for peace or show respect in their greetings. In many Islamic countries, people say "Assalam alaykum." It means "I wish you peace." This greeting comes from the Koran, the holy book of Islam. The short form is "Salam." It means "Peace."
"Namaste" is a Hindi greeting similar to "Kon'nichiwa." It means "I greet you with respect." It comes from a Hindu prayer. When people greet each other with this phrase, they usually place their hands together in front of their chest and bow. This greeting is also used by many people in South Asia.
In East Asian languages, there are other greeting patterns. Consider the greetings in Chinese, Korean, and Ainu. In Chinese, a standard greeting is "Ni hao." This means "Are you well?" It is very similar in meaning to "Kon'nichiwa." In Korean, a common greeting is "Annyong hasimnika." This means "Are you at peace?" Both of these greetings concern the health and well-being of others. In Ainu, people say "Irankarapte." THIs means "Let me touch your heart a little." Don't you find this greeting interestings?
Thus, greetings are different in different languages, but they have a common feature: they all show consideration for other people.
I think coming to Japan has helped me to appreciate the value of being ordinary. Of course I’ve met lots of extraordi-nary people here as well. But it’s OK to be ordinary in Japan, even desirable. I was struck by an advertising campaign for beer a few years ago. The ad basically said, this is the beer that ordinary people drink. And that was enough to sell it. Of course I’ll never know for sure which path is better. In coming to Japan, I suppose I chose the less traveled road. And though it has made all the difference, now that I’m here, that ordinary, well-worn path looks awfully good to me at times. But then, life is full of ironies, isn’t it?
Crowds gathered around her wherever we stopped, and the Chinese showed the same stereotyped behavior toward a baby that americans do. They opened their eyes and mouth very wide , raising their eyebrows , and slightly raised and tilted up their heads. A a rule , adults engage in mutual gaze with an infant for a long time . They also think nothing of coming eyeball-to-eyeball at the first encounter. These behaviors are all "invasions" that would be unacceptable in social interactions with other adults. "candid camera" showed responses to a baby like those I had seen directed at Melanie.
I like the spiritual roots of mottainai. I also like the fact that it captured in one term3Rs -Reduce,reuse,and recycle- for which we environmentalists have been campaigning over many years. If we reduce our consumption of resources, reuse everything we can, and recycle what we cannot use again, then we can hope to reduce the serious threats to the ecosystems which we all depend on.
Eric Clapton,Paul McCartney,and Michael Douglas prove that women do not mind hitching themselves to drastically older men. Stephen a zoologist at the University of Toronto, has developed an evolutionary model that makes this behavior easier to understand:it is not just about money,but it is not just about genes either. The prevailing biological theoryfor matches between younger women and older men is that mature males have proved the superior fitness of their DNA by the (A) fact that they are still around. Using game theory and computer modeling, Proulx argues instead that age-divergent coupling is rooted in appearance. Nearly every animal uses some form of signaling display, such as a peacock's plumage or a buck's antler battles. Such displays cost the animal a lot of energy,and become increasingly hard to maintain with age, so a good display by an elderly male is a (B) indicator of genetic quality than a comparable show by a younger,stronger one. In human terms, an older man flaunting (C) is more persuasive to a potential mate than a young man making a similar display. The show of wealth tends to reflect the fitness over time of the older man;from a young upstart, it might mean he has traded long-term for short-term success. “It loosely translates to a young guy not blowing his precious savings on a sports car, while a 65-year-old figures, ‘What the hell,’” ‘Proulx say. I call it the revenge of the Nerds' effect.
In the near future, the number of working-age people in Japan will decline, which will make it even more difficult to sustain economic growth. It is women who may hold the key to maintaining a high level of productivity and consumption. This lies in the fact that increasingly women will be producers as well as consumers of economic goods. Therefore, the government, corporations, and Japanese society itself would be wise to acknowledge women’s economic activities. As more and more women enter the workforce, they are bringing fresh ideas with them. For example, one female architect wants to design homes that encourage indepen-dence among the aged rather than those that she feels encourage dependence. She has challenged the assumption that toilets should be placed near the bedrooms. She wants to locate toilets farther away so that aged people will be prompted to move about, keeping up their physical strength. She opposes designing a house as if an elderly person could not possibly move an inch! Another woman architect has been a force in insisting that living facilities must vary in accordance with the needs of an inhabitant’s general physical condition and lifestyle. Therefore, architectural plans should be developed in collaboration with medical specialists and welfare specialists to offer the best living situation for aged people.
Before going further,we should perhaps cast a glance at all those systems of communication in which speech plays no part. First and foremost among them,of course,is writing. In modern society,writing has become an extremely important and widespread means of getting your ideas across to others.
One day a Fox was telling a cat, "I'm so smart than I know a lot of tricks to escape from my enemies." "That's wonderful!" said the cat. "I only know one trick. Can you teach me some of your tricks?" "Well, maybe," said the fox. At that moment they heard several wild dogs running toward then. The cat ran up a tree and disappeared. "This is the trick I told you about," said the cat. "It's my only one. Which trick are you going to use?" The fox sat there trying to decide which trick to use. He thought a long time. Then he decided to run, bur it was too late. The wild dogs caught him before he could run away.
Verbal taboos usually concern topics that people believe are too private to talk about openly. They also relate to one's manner of speaking. In many cultures, for example. it is bad manners and often offensive to discuss topics such as sex or religion in public. In some cultures, talking loudly may offend people. In Japan,for example, people tend to speak more softly, and might think that someone who is speaking or laughing loudly is rude or aggressjve. Nonverbal taboos usually relate to body language. For example, one of the biggest differences among many Western, Asian, and African cultures is the use of eye contact. In the U.S., people make eye contact when they talk to others.If a person avoids eye contact, others might think he or she is being dishonest or has no confidence. If two people are having a conversation and the listener is not making eye contact. the speaker may think that the listener is not jnterested. In many Asian cultures, however, making direct eye with an older person is considered rude. In many Asian and African cultures, children are taught to lower their eyes when talking to their elders, or those of higher rank, as a way to show respect.
Day in and day out, pets provide companionship and pleasurable activity; are living, responsive beings to care for; are dependable and constantly "there"; stimulate play, laughter, and exercise; provide comfort through the sense of touch; offer unqualified love; and create a feeling of safety. They are a great medical option.
Although dogs were discussed here, all pets offer benefits. With health professionals opening up broader horizons in health care through pet therapy, it is a medical option that is increasingly being considered.
In everyday life, too, having a pet is good for people of all ages. A dog is nonjudgmental, and its loyalty is constant. When children are scolded, they can always depend on their four-legged friends to lend a sympathetic ear. When children are in a quite mood, the act of petting a dog is comforting and creates a bond of intimacy. When children are in high spirits, dogs are eager friends. They run after balls and sticks; they can learn tricks; they can pretend to fight and never use their teeth. They are lots of fun.
Recently the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (A.S.P.C.A.) has begun a program to bring dogs to homes for the aged twice a week. This direct contact with animals has worked as therapy for these people. They look forward to folding and petting the dogs; it is an uplifting break in their routines. There is an exchange of love and intimacy between humans and animals. All too often the aged receive no such attention from other people, so these visits can really lift their spirits. In fact, this pet therapy is just what the doctor ordered --- "medicine" that is much more effective than drugs.
The consequences of entering on significant scale -entering rapidly- are associated with the value of the resulting strategic commitments. A strategic commitment has a long-term impact and is difficult to reverse. Deciding to enter a foreign market on a significant scale is a major strategic commitment.Strategic commitments,such as rapid large-scale market entry,can have an important influence on the nature of competition in a market.For example,by entering the U.S.financial services market on a significant scale,ING has signaled its commitment to the market(see the Management Focus).This will have several effects.On the positive side,it will make it easier for the company to attract customers and distributors reasons for believing that ING will remain in the market for long run.The scale of entry may also give other foreign institutions considering entry into the United States,but also against an aggressive and successful European institutions. On the negative side,by committing itself heavily to the United States,ING may have fewer resources available to support expansion in other desirable markets,such as Japan.The commitment to the United States limits the company's strategic flexibility.
よろしくお願いします。 The photograph was taken in Oslo, Norway, on the tenth of December in 1979. It was the day when this happened there:A small stopped woman in a faded blue sari and worn sandals received an award. From the hand of a king. An award funded from the will of inventor of dynamite. Surrounded by the noble and famous in black suits and in beautifu l evening dresses. The rich, the powerful, the brilliant, the talented of the world had come. And there at the center of it all --- a little old lady in sari and sandals. Mother Teresa, of India. Servant of the poor and sick and dying. To her, the Nobel Peace Prize.
No president or king or general or scientist; no banker or merchant holds the key to as much power as she has. None is as rich. For hers is the invincible weapon that cannot be beaten in the fight against the evils of this earth: the caring heart. And hers are the real riches of this life: the wealth of the compassionate spirit.
To cut through the smog of cynicism; to take only the tool of uncompromising love; to manifest the capacity for healing; to make the story of the good Samaritan a living reality; and to live so true a life as to shine out from the back streets of Calcutta --- these things take courage and faith we cannot find in ourselves and canno t be without.
I do not speak her language. Yet her life speaks to me, and I am shamed and blessed at the same time. I do not believe one person can do much in this world. Yet there she stood, in Oslo, affecting the whole world. I do not believe in her idea of God. But the powe r of her faith shames me. And I believe in Mother Teresa.
December in Oslo.The message for the world at Christmas is one of peace. Not the peace of a child in the Bethlehem stable long ago. Not the peace of a full dinner and a sleep by the fire on December 25. But a tough, vibrant vital peace that comes from the gesture one simple woman in a faded sari and worn sandals makes this night. A peace of mind that comes from a piece of work.
Some years later, at a great conference of important scientists and religious in Bombay, I saw that face again. Standing besides me. There she was. Alone. Come to speak to the conference as its guest. She looked at me and smiled. I see her face still.
She stepped up to the front and changed the subject of the conference from intellectual inquiry to moral activism. She said, in a firm voice: "We can do no great things; only small things with great love. "
The contradiction of her life and faith are nothing compared to my own. And while I fight with frustration about how little power the individual has, she goes right on changing the world. While I wish for more power and resources, she uses her power and resources to do what she can do at the moment.
She upsets me, disturbs me, shames me. What does she have that I do not? If ever there is truly peace on earth, goodwill to men, it will be because of woman like Mother Teresa. Peace is not something you wish for; it's something you make, something you do, something you are, and something you give away!
@ On the first day of school,our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone new to us. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder.I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady who smiled at me brightly. She said,「Hi,handsome.My name is Rose.I am eighty-seven years old. Can I give you hug? 」I laughed and enthusiastically responded, 「Of course you may!」 and she gave me a giant squeeze. 「Why are you in college at such a young and innocent age?」 I asked. She jokingly replied, 「I am here to meet a rich husband, get married , have a couple of children, and then retire and travel.」 「No, seriously,」I asked. I was curious what motivated her to take on this challenge at her age. 「I always dreamed of having a college education, and now I am getting one!」She told me.
A After class we walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate milkshake. We became instant friends. Every day for the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always fascinated to listen to this 「time machine」as she shared her wisdom and experience with me. Over the course of year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and loved the attention the other students gave her. She was enjoying her college time.
B At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet. I will never forget what she taught us. She was introduced and stepped up to the podium. As she began to deliver her prepared speech, she dropped her notes on the floor. She was frustrated and a little embarrassed and then learned into the microphone and simply said,「I am sorry I am so nervous. I quit drinking beer, but this whisky is killing me! I will never get my speech back in order so let me just tell you what I know.」 As we laughed she cleared her throat and began,「We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are four secrets to staying young, being happy and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor every day. You have got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. We have so many people walking around who are dead and do not even know it! There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and do not do one productive thing, you will still become twenty years old. If I am eighty-seven years old and stay in bed for a year and never do anything I will become eighty-eight. Anybody can grow older. That does not take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually do not have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.」 She concluded her speech by courageously singing「The Rose.」 She challenged each of us to study the lyrics and live them out in our daily lives.
C At the year is end, Rose finished her college degree. One week after graduation, Rose died peacefully in her sleep. Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in tribute to the wonderful woman who taught by example that it is never too late to be all you can possibly be. These words have been passed along in loving memory of Rose. GROWING OLDER IS MANDATORY, GROWING UP IS OPTIONAL!
section1 Every language has an expression for greeting people. "Kon'nichiwa" is a Japanese standard greeting. It is the short form of the phrase, "Kon'nichi wa gokigen ikaga desuka." How do people greet each other in other languages?
In English, "Good afternoon" is a standaed greeting. It is almost equal to "Kon'nichiwa." It is also a short form. The long form is "May you have a good afternoon!" So this phrase can also be used for saying "Goodbye."
This "good afternoon" pattern of greeting is common throughout Europe. Consider the German "Guten Tag" and the French "Bonjour." They mean "Good day."
Section2 In other languages, such as Arabic and Hindi, there are slightly different patterns. In these languages, people wish for peace or show respect in their greetings.
In many Islamic countries, people say "Assalam alaykum." It means "I wish you peace." This greeting comes from the Koran, the holy book of Islam. The short form is "Sakam." It means "Peace."
"Namaste" is a Hindi greeting similar to "Kon'nichiwa." It means "I greet you with respect." It comes from a Hindu prayer. When people greet each other with this phrase, they usually place their hands together in front of their chest and bow. Tins greeting is also used by many people in South Asia.
Section3 In East Asian languages, there are other greeting patterns. Consider the greetings in Chinese, Korean, and Ainu.
In Chinese, a standard greeting is "Ni hao." This means "Are you well?" It is very similar in meaning to "Kon'nichiwa." In Korean, a common greeting is "Annyong hasimnika." This means "Are you at peace?" Both of these greetings concern the health and well-being of others. In Ainu, people say "Irankarapte." This means "Let me touch your heart a little." Don't you find this greeting interesting?
Thus, greetings are different in different languages, but they have a common feature: they all show consideration for other people.
Other women, showing a spirit of adventure, are marketing their skills through their own consulting companies. For example, a nutritionist used her combination of business skills and dietary knowledge to set up her own company. She offers expert advice on good nutrition at various seminars, and she even provides advice about how to gain or lose weight to members of a sports club. A chain of family restaurants has hired her to revise their menu to include more healthful yet delicious meal selections. Women in Japan are making inroads into traditional business fields as well. For example, recently a woman was appointed as a permanent member of the Japan Auditors’ Association for the first time. She is known for speaking out about protecting the environment, insisting that environment-tal costs be included in business financial audits. In some cases, an entire business may be run only by women. In one hotel, every job from receiving guests at the front desk to preparing food in the restaurant is carried out by the 30 female employees, assisted by about 70 female part-timers who clean up the guest rooms. The question, of course, is not whether women can or should run businesses. Just as in any other company, the final test should be customer satisfaction, not the gender of the employees.
@Itis never easy to raise thoroughbreds. ASakuraoji,the first thoroughbred born at the school,hurt one of his legs and could not race after that. BThe second thoroughbred,a female,had to be put down after one of her legs was accidentally injured by her mother. CIt was very painful for everybody. DThe students learned that raising thoroughbreds for racing and keeping pets are quite different things. EBecause of these tragic accidents,Yumeroman,the third thoroughbred,was raised very carefully and even spoiled a little. FAs a result,he because a naughty horse. GHe often acted wildly and tried to bite the students,but they all loved him. HA year passed by and Yumeroman had to leave the school. IHe was handed over to a new owner. JSeeing his empty stable,the students felt very sad.
As my interest in Noran's culture grew,I started to become aware of where I was heading in life. I considered my future career options and entertained the idea of one day joining the United Natioms. I wanted to work with people of different cultures and religions,and to travel to far-off places like Cairo. I realized that I had been granted a unique opportunity ― gradually,without my noticing it,Noran had been educating me. Once I had been ignorant and did not know how to handle different opinions,but with Noran's help I had grown to accept people as they are.
"Mr. President, before I left Tuvalu, my grandchildren asked me why I was coming to Kyoto and whether I would be bringing back any presents for their Christmas. I am more than sure that the whole world, including our children and grandchildren, is watching closely what will come out of the Kyoto meeting. Let me state again that the best Christmas present I can take back from Kyoto is not something nice to eat, of course; what I want for my grandchildren is the promise from the Parties here that they will cut down greenhouse gas emissions. I believe that their action will protect our grandchildren and the people of the world in the future." At the Kyoto Convention on Climate Change in December, 1997, Bikenibeu Paeniu, a special speaker from Tuvalu, ended his address by making this strong appeal to the world.
Part2 Tuvalu is a country made up of nine little islands in the Pacific Ocean midway between Australia and Hawaii. Having only 11,000 people, it is the smallest of all nations, except for the Vatican. Tuvalu has no industry, burns little oil, and creates less carbon pollution than a small town in America. This small country, however, is on the front line of climate change. The increase in ocean temperatures and rising sea level are making serious trouble for Tuvalu. The highest point of Tuvalu is 4.6 meters above sea level, and most of its land is no more than a meter high. As sea levels have risen, Tuvalu is now facing lowland flooding. Saltwater invasion is damaging drinking water and food production. Not growing enough food would mean importing more food, hurting the country's economy, and creating health problems. The leaders of Tuvalu feel that they are losing their fight with the rising sea. One such leader, Paani Laupepa, says, "Our whole culture will have to be transplanted. Our islands are not going to go under immediately. Yet the situation gets worse, year by year.
Part3 Sea level rise has been affecting not only Tuvalu but also other parts of the world. Island nations facing danger include the Cook Islands, the Marshall Islands, and the Maldives in the Indian Ocean. The Marshall Islands, for example, has lost up to 20% of its beachfront since the early 1990s. Just as in Tuvalu, the rising sea level will affect underground drinking water for the people on the Marshall Islands. Tourists are wading across the Plaza San Marco in Venice, which is the European symbol of rising seas. The city has been sinking for hundreds of years, but in the past 50 years, more of it has been swallowed by the sea than in all centuries past. It is said that this has been caused, in part, by global warming. Low-lying countries in Asia are also in danger. A one meter rise in sea level would flood half of Bangladesh's rice land and more than one-third of Shanghai would be under water. Rice farming and the fishing industry in Southeast Asia would also be seriously damaged. Millions of people would have to leave their homes in the Philippines and Indonesia because of sea level rises.
Part4 Scientists say that global sea level rise is caused by two factors. One is the increase in ocean water as land ice melts. Current evidence of global warming includes the widespread shrinking of glaciers around the world. The second factor is the expansion of water in the oceans. As the temperature of ocean water rises, it will expand and take up more space. Increased temperatures will make the speed of sea level rise faster. What can we do to slow climate change? First, there are things to be done at the national level. A growing number of governments have been turning to new technologies to deal with global warming. One important development is the fuel cell, which has received much attention as a cheap and clean source of power. The fuel cell is expected to be used in many ways, such as in cars, houses and hospitals. Research and development on fuel cells is being actively carried out in America, Europe, and Japan. Another example is the use of wind, which is the fastest growing energy technology in the world today. The use of solar energy is also growing and offers a wide range of applications, from small panels for houses to huge areas supplying electricity to cities and industries. In addition, there are things which each of us can do in our homes. As American experts in environmental policy recently suggested, if only one-third of the American people changed a few of their daily habits in order to save electricity, water and oil, America would achieve its level of greenhouse gas emissions designated under the Kyoto Protocol. By doing these little things at home, we can make a big difference and help save Tuvalu and our earth.
Mary young people leave home these days after graduating from high school. Let's look at two types of "leaving home" First, a case of the "leaving steage" type. Alice was going to a college that was a long way from her home. She went home on weekends and sometimes for vacations. However, she had a job and her own apartment and little by little, her visits became less frequent. Now she libes on her own. Now look at a case of the "complete break" type. One night Tom came home after midnight and got into an argument with his parents. After a lot of talking, he finally said, "OK, that's it!", and the next morning he packed all his things and moved out. He says now, "After that, I never moved back. I felt too controlled at home. Now I'm living my own life." These are just two types. When you leave home, what type will you be?
長文ですが和訳お願いします! Then came September 11, 2001. I knew somehow it would affect Noran. I e-mailed her, asking for her opinion on the situation and how Cairo was coping. I still remember her reply: her American pen friend and numerous others had deserted her. They didn't want to know her any more. Why? She was Muslim, Middle Eastern, and her last name was Hussein. I was very angry. I wanted to defend her. I couldn't believe that people could be so small-minded. Why couldn't they understand that Noran was just another 15-year-old girl? I didn't know what to tell her, except that I would never stop writing to her. Never. People often ask me if I'm scared to ask Noran about certain things, like wearing the veil. I'm not.
@For most Athenians it was just ordinary day in the year 399 B.C., but for a small group of young men it was a day that they would always remember. As they talked with their teacher Socrates, they felt a painful mixture of sorrow and anger. Their eyes filled with tears, because Socrates had been sentenced to death. Their cheeks burned with anger, because they knew that he was not guilty. Socrates had not corrupted the young men of Athens. He had only taught them to seek knowledge so that they could find the truth. Despite Socrates’ eloquent defense, the court had found him guilty. According to Athenian law, he was sentenced to die by drinking poison. Socrates spent his last hours with friends and pupils. When night came, he quietly drank the cup of fatal hemlock, and went to bed. Before the poison had dulled his senses, he called Grito to his bedside, and asked his friend to pay a small dept. Then the great teacher closed his eyes, and fell into eternal sleep.
ASocrates was the son of an Athenian stonemason. Although the young man had little education, he quickly became the most famous teacher and philosopher in crowd of eager pupils. Socrates’ great mind contrasted sharply with his ungainly appearance. The Athenians liked to joke about his sloppy clothes and his eccentric habits. His wife, however, was less tolerant, and frequently scolded her husband. The philosopher insisted that her bad temper taught him the art of self-control! Socrates devoted his life to the pursuit of truth. He believed that human nature is essentially good. People will find goodness and truth if they pursue knowledge. On the other hand, they will find only evil and falsehood if they remain prisoners of ignorance. In the great philosopher’s words,“There in only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.” Socrates was one of the greatest teachers of all times. Learning, he insisted, should be a dialogue between teacher and student. Socrates never gave his pupils the answers to his questions. Instead, he asked them questions, and thereby forced them to discover the answers. Today many professors still use the Socratic Method of questions and answers, Like Socrates, they believe that learning is an active process of seeking answers, not a passive process of receiving them.
The newspaper announced the death of Alfred Nobel on April 13, 1888. The reporter called him "The Dynamitre King," a death merchant, because he had invented the powerful explosive. In fact, his dynamite business had made him a very rich man. The newspaper story continued, giving his age, nationality, and other information about his business, but the 55-year-old Swedish man only read as far as the words "a death merchant."
Alfred Novel sadly put down the nwespaper. No, he wasn't dead -his brother Ludwig had died the day befor, and the French newspaper had made a mistake. All the same, he was disturbed. Was this the way the world was going to remember him? He did not like that idea at all. He had spent his life working for peace in the world. He hated violence and war. He had invented dynamite to save lives. Other explosives used in those days were very dangerous. He wanted people to remember him as a person of peace.
Many countries were eginning to build railroads and tunnels, and needed a safe, powerful explosive to construct railroad tracks through mountains. People also needed dynamite to blow up stone in order to construct buildings, dams, and roads. Alfred Nobel invented dynamite for these peaceful uses.
Novel was very unhappy about the image that the world had of him, but he did not know what to do about it. He thought about the best way for people to use his fortune of nine million dollars after his death. Then, in 1985, a Swedish adventurer named Salomon August Andree made plans to reach the North Pole. People all over the world wereexcited about Andree's adventure. Nobel read about his plans, too, and had an inspiration. He hinally knew what to do with his fortune. He wrote a will in which he told people to use his money for an award to honor leaders of science, literature, and peace. He stated that these leaders could be men or women of any nationality.
Alfred Nobel died on December 10, 1896, at the age of 63. He was unmarried and had no children. People all over the world wondered who was going to get his money. They were very surprised when they learned of Alfred Nobel's plan to award prizes in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and peace. The first Nobel Prizes were awaeded in 1901, and they very soon became the greatest honor that a peason could receive in these fields. In 1969, an award for economics was added.
The report of Alfred Nobel's death in 1988 was a mistake, but because of that mistake, the world now has the image he wanted: Alfred Nobel, a person of peace.
@Several months later,Shizunai Agriculture High School received wonderful news:Yumeroman as going to make his debut in a race. AWhen the students heard this,they became very excited. BBut they could not expect too much from their first"graduate". CThey just prayed that he would cross the finish line safely. DOn the day of his debut,the students watched the race together on TV. E"Go,Yumeroman!Go!"they should. FThen a very unexpected thing happened. GYumeroman won!"He did it!He did it!" HThey jumped up and hugged each other for joy. IThe former captain of the riding club thought backto the time when they had raised Yumeroman. J"Now we can really understand that dreams come true if we do our best,"he said.
Ethics is a special branch of philosophy which discusses the differences between good and evil. The philosopher examines human behavior, and tries to distinguish good actions from bad ones and virtuous motives from corrupt ones. Although almost 2,500 years have passed since Socrates’ death, his simple yet profound words continue to inspire men and women all over the globe. Today, as in the past, people want to find truth and goodness. Like Socrates, they would like to make the world a better place. Socrates’ search for truth led him beyond the world of Athens. He commented that he was “not an Athenians or a Greek but a citizen of the world.” Although these words make a political statement, they also carry an important philosophical message. In this search for truth, Socrates stepped beyond the borders of his city and his country. Philosophy made him a citizen of the world. Although Socrates proclaimed his global citizenship, he did not deny loyalty to city and to country. The philosopher knew that birth makes us citizens of a particular city or country. He also knew that knowledge makes us citizens of the world. As we grow intellectually, we expand our horizons from our city to our country and finally to the world. This knowledge is the key to world citizenship.
Today the word global casts a magical spell of power, prestige, and progress. People speak of global partnerships, global economies, and global education. They predict that national and regional interests will disappear in the global society of the future. Yet if we look around carefully, we see that the global magic is not working. In many areas of the world, nationalism and regionalism are increasing rather than decreasing. Perhaps we should reflect upon the wisdom of Socrates’ words. When he speaks of global citizenship, he does not question the existence of regional and national loyalties. He does not even suggest that they should be eliminated. Instead he urges people to step beyond the specific and to move towards the universal. His is a message of hope for people of all countries in all eras.
In the past, the economy has targeted traditional and nuclear families as the main consumers of goods and services. These days, however, young single women are changing the profile of the typical consumer. More and more single women are coming to live in metropolitan areas. According to the national census, the number of households headed by single women in their 30s increased from 252,000 in 1990 to 327,000 in 1995, an increase of 29.7 percent. In comparison, the number of households headed by single men rose by only 14.9 percent during the same time period. These women are breaking from tradition by creating a lifestyle for themselves as single, independent people. Many of these unmarried women are buying condominiums ranging in price up to 30,000,000 yen. Such women are apparently thinking ahead many years into the future. Part of the reason is that women are beginning to earn salaries nearly equal to those earned by their male counterparts. For example, the average monthly salary of women aged 30 to 34 was 240,200 yen, an increase of 40 percent in the past ten years.
Some scientists are quietly smiling at agrove of young cottonwood trees in Yellowstone National Park's Lamar Valley. The landscape is full of old trees:the cottonwoods in the calley bottom are 70 to 100 years old. In the 1990s, however , not a newcomer was in sight. On the hillside, groves of elderly aspen trembled in the wind but no sprouts could be seen. In an attempt to deal with this serious state, the National Park Service introduced 14 gray wolves from Canada into Yellowstone in 1995. this was their first appearance since they were hunted out of existence there in the early 20th century. Biologists hoped that the wolves would cut the growing elk population which lived in the park. According to the wolf-effect theory, wolves keep elk numbers at a level that prevents them from gobbing up every young tree that pokes its head above ground . When the wolves were eliminated from the park, elk increased in number rapidly, cousuming the vegetation, stripping the Lamar Valley, and driving out other species. Without young trees in the area , beavers had little or no food and , indeedm they had been absent since at least the 1950s. Without beaver dams and the ponds they create, fewer succulents could survive. The plants are a critical food for grizzly bears when they emerge from hibernation. After the wolves' reintroduction in 1995 , researchers began to see not only a drop in the elk population but also various other changes.
One warm October day, my father and I took our dog Duffy for a walk in the country. Duffy ran, sniffed, and barked as she explored this wonderful new world. When we reached a small stream, she raced into the water. My heart froze with fear, because I was sure that she would drown. Then suddenly I saw her little white head bobbing proudly as she started to swim. “That’s animal instinct,” my Father commented with a big grin. Unlike her mistress, Duffy did not need swimming lessons. Nature programs instinct in animals. Birds know how to fly, fish know how to swim, and dogs know how to bark. Animals act by instinct, but people act by education. Education has reduced man’s dependence on animal instinct. When we talk about education, we usually think of classrooms, teachers, textbooks, and homework. Schools are a relatively recent invention, but they are certainly not the only way to educate children. Education is as old as humanity. All societies have transmitted their cultural heritage through some form of education. Children learned the customs of their society through observation and participation. For example, they mastered the principles of nutrition as they watched their mother prepare the evening meal. They learned the rules of nature as they helped their father plant the crops.
長文ですが、どなたか和訳よろしくお願いします。 In addition to cottonwoods and aspens , other trees are coming back , and most dramatically in places where browsing elk don't have a 360-degree view. One stand of willows, for example , grows at the foot of a mound that blocks the animals'view. It is obvious that the plants have not been eaten at all in several years. Elk don't feel safe here, because they can't see what is going on all around and are nervous about spending time in this area for fear of being attacked by wolves. Other changes accompany the regrowth of vegetation along the Lamar River. Just upstream is a small beaver dam , one of the first three dams documented on the river in 50 years. Slough Creek , a stream flowing into the Lamar , has six dams. Some researchers believe that because of the regrowth , beavers have something to eat again. "their food reserves are full of willow," one researcher says. As more woody vegetation grows along the Lamar , it will stabilize the banks and stop some erosion. More vegetation will also shade and cool the streams. It means , too, more broken branches in the Lamar, which will slow the river . And that causes water to pool and improves the trout habitat, leading to more and bigger fish. Although the scientific focus so far has been on vegetation, the wolf seems to have had an influence on the food web in other parts of Yellowstone as well. One of its most dramatic effects has been on coyotes. The number of coyotes in the park is down by 50 percent and in core wolf areas has dropped by 90 percent. With fewer coyotes, their prey, mice and rats, have exploded in number.
A few, however, were not truly unconscious but instead were “locked in.” These patients usually had extensive damage in a more primitive region at the base of the brain called the brain stem. Within the brain stem is a clump of nerve fibers known as the pons, where messages between the brain and nerves in most muscles are exchanged. The effect of an injury to the pons is a little like the effect that would be produced by severing major telephone communications from a city. The city (the brain) is functioning but cannot communicate with the rest of the world (the body), so for all intents it appears that the city has been deserted. Locked-in patients have lost the ability to control the body voluntarily, but they retain some ability to control the face. Often they can move only their eyes. Although they are conscious, they are unable to communicate. We had studied only a few of these locked-in patients, but their PET scans all showed more normal brain blood flow and metabolism than the PET scans of vegetative patients.
The famous British scientist Julian Huxley saw this coming long ago. In New Bottles for New Wine,published in 1957,he warned:It is as if man had been suddenly ap-pointed managing director of the biggest business of all,the business of evolution....
Whether he wants it or not,he is determining the future direction of evolution on htis earth. This is a sobering vision,but it is also an inspiring one. It dares us to let go of a nostalgic desire for an enviromental-ly pure past that probably never was and to take up areal and present challenge.
Everywhere we turn we see the human hand, and very little sign that it is about to withdraw. We may someday get greenhouse gases under control,but that does not mean we will ever return to the carefree and innocent days before such problems arose.
Enviromental protection becomes nnot merely a matter of repairing damege and leaveing na-ture alone,but of deliberately managing ecosystmes.
All this means that the human species is becoming increas-ingly responsible for the world.
@He lifed the lastpiece of toast and tomato from his plate, then felt dregs of tea moving against his teeth. When he had finished chewing he lit a cigarette and was once more aware of people sitting around him. It was eleven o'clock and the low-roofed cafe was slowly emptying, leaving only a dozen people inside. He knew that at one table they were talking about horse-racing and at another about war, but words only flowed into his ears and enterd his mind at a low pitch of comprehension, leaving it calm and content as he vaguely contemplated the positions and patterns of tables about the room. There would be no work until two o'clock, so he intendedsitting where he wasuntil then. Yet a sudden embarrassment at having no food on the table to justify a prolonged occupation of it sent him to thecounter for tea and cakes.
AThey sat talking and drinking, utterly oblivious of Ernest, who slowly felt their secretive, childish animation enter into himself. He glanced at them from time to time, feeling as if he should not be there though when he looked at them he did so in a gentleway, with kind, full-smiling eyes. The elder girl, about twelve years old, was dressed in a brown coat that was too big for her, and though she was talking and kaughing most of the time he noticed the paleness of her face and her large round eyes that he would have thought beautiful had he not detected the familiar type of vivacity that expressed neglect and want.
BErnest had finished eating and took out a cigarette, struck a match across the iron fastening of a table leg and, having inhaled deeply , allowed smoke to wander from his mouth. Like a gentle tide washing in under the moon, a line of water flowing inwards and covering the sand, a feeling of acute loneliness took hold of him, an agony that would not let him weep. The tow girls sat before him wholly engrossed in themselves, still debating whether they should buy a cake, or whether they should ride home on a bus.
和訳お願いします。 On the other hand,negative stereotypes that see all members of an ethnic group as being fat, lazy, noisy, or stupid naturally make the stereotyped people feel upset for being judged so unfairly. For example, as an American, I strongly dislike people stereotyping Americans as being noisy and overweight. It is important to remember that stereotypes are superficial ways of seeing people because they are only broad generalizations. There is a wide variety of peo-ple in every country and ethnic group. Part of being a good global citizen is having the cultural sensitivity not to jungle people using stereotypes.
In the United States the current debate about changing the Social Security program for retired ctizens is a direct result of a rapidly aging population without enough young workers to support Social Security's retirement benefits. In fact many countries that have a birthrate below2.1 children per woman are facing this problem and are struggling to find answers. The solutions that have been offered include increasing immigration to these couontries,encouraging women to have more children,and continuing to raise the retirement age.
Programs that have been developed to try to increase the number of births have had limited sucess. Increasing the retirement age is a short-term solution,but it may not address the long-term ploblem. According to a recent U.N.report,most developed countries will have to open their doors to million of immigrants. For example,by the year 2050,the avarage Itarian will be 43 yeats old,and 41 percent of the country will be over 60. Yet,all of these developed countries are resisting to face this reality,and most are trying to reduce the number of immmigrants that cross their borders both legally and illegally. While over 1 million legal immigrants were admitted into the United States in 2001,in 2003 only about 700000 were allowed in. Some experts belive this has caused an increase in illegal immigration,estimated at between 100000to500000 people a year,mostly from Mexico. U.S. senators,such as Hillary Clinton,have already announced that illegal immigrants crowding into the United States must be stopped. In Europe the issue of immigration has created right-wing political parties. These"anti-immigrant"parties base their arguments on claims that the foreigners stay in their own communites and refuse to learn the native language, they take the lw-paying jobs that the natives should have, and that they are damaging the sense of national pride with their different attitudes and beliefs.
Albert Einstein was born near the end of the nineteenthcentury in Germany. He graduated from a university in 1900,and two years after that began to work. He decided to return to the university and in 1905,at the age of 26,he received his post-graduate degree. That same year,he published three papers that completely changed the world of physics. Sixteen years later he won the Nobel Prize. Then in the early 1930s,when the Nazi Party came into power in Germany, he immediately decided to leave for the United States,ehere he lived fo the rest of his life. Einstein is also remembered for his efforts to secure world peace. He died at the age of 76. ユニコーンリーディング・6の冒頭 お願いします
・scientists have found changes brought about by wolves that returned on their own in the 1980's : willows reappeared, the diversity and abundance of songbirds doubled.
・But a storong correlation between the return of wolves and the new growth is far from demonstrated. Claiming that wolves are responsible is close to bad science. The ecosystem in Yellowstone is a multicausal interactive system, and there's never a single cause. Even a predominant cause is rare. At the same time the wolf numbers were coming back, there was flooding along the river and the climate is a lot warmer.
Breaking American's Dependency on Cars American has "big"problem in that too many people are getting fat. In fact nearly a third of all adults in the U.S. are considered overweight, according to the Atlata,Georgi-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Experts say part of the problem is that Americans not only don't eat healthy foods but they eat too much and enjoy huge portions of everything,from French fries to sodas. (For those that don't belive it,check oout Super Size Me,the2004 Sundance Film Festival documentary in which film-maker Morgan Spurlock lives on a diet ofMcDonald's food for a mooth.) Another problemis:Americans simply don't get enough exercise.It maybe because it's not always easy to find a good place to work out. But it also might have to do with American's large size,which means that Americans need their cars= and love them,perhaps too much. American's long-time love affair with the car started when people celebrated the end of World War2 by buying more than21.4million cars between 1946 and 1950. The car became a symbol of indeoendence and freedom,and people quickly chose them over public transportation to go anywhere and everywhere. "We are a nation that's basically automobile-dependent,"says Madelyn Fernstrom, director of the University of Pittsburgh's Weight Management Center,pointing out that there just aren't enough places to walk. So,to crush American's growing weight problem,experts say better plannning of cities is needed. More concern over people's health must be taken into consideration when architects design a new office,park, residental community,or shopping mall. But,says Fernstorm,city planners don't think of it as important. "It's just not on the radar screen.It's not seen as an issue," she adds. "when we design new areas, we have to make sure there are places to walk ,places for children to play."
Some health experts say that weight-related diseases,such as heart problems,certain cancers and diabetes,could be cut by nealy a third if people got more exercise. Walking, for example, is an easy way to help people stay in shape. The exparts suggest a 30 minute walk ,at least five days a week , will help keep the pounds off. But again,walking is something that is sometimes difficult to do because of the way cities and communites are designed. Perhaps a family lives on one side of a shopping mall, and yet the roads leading to the stores do not have sidewalks, forcing them to drive. Sometimes fences may also block the way. "We've created an irrational approach to using our land that requires us to use our cars," says Lawrence D.Frankl,an associate proffessor of community and regional plannning at the University of British Columbia. "That means there is usually a `cold start' of the car, which<pollutes the air>,to go just a short distance."
Reseachers at the Georgia Institute of Technology took a survey on the driving habits of over 100000 residents of Atlanta,Georgia.They discovered that for every 30 minutes that aperson spent in a car ,they had a 3% chance of gaining weight. Most people who took the survey said they spent more than an hour a day in their cars.Public transportation may be the solution to the car problem ,says Frank ,but,he admits, it's"going to be very difficult for most people to change" The reseachers also found that people who lived in neighborhoods where they could easily walk to local shops or businesses were 7% less likely to be overweight than those living in suburban areas. Tripling the number of shops and other business near homes could possibly have the same effect on overweight people as making everyone in Atlanta look five years younger,suggested the researchers. A simmilar study by University of Maryland reseachers found that "urban sprawl"-- a slang term which refers to how cities are rapidly growing without any planning or concern-- has prevented people from being able to ride a bike or even take a daily walk. Says Frank , "We have to start providing retail locations closer to where people live and a connected street network that allows us to walk for non-work purposes."
In Vancouver ,British Columbia,Canada,where Frank lives, there are many public parks, such as the 4040hectare(404000 square meter) Stanley Park,which are easily accessible and great place for people to enjoy some contact with nature and get thier daily exercise. And while some American cities have excellent parks with plenty of walking paths,such as Central Park in New York City,they aren't neccessarily great places to be after dark. Says Fernstorm,"It's time sensitive --when the sun goes down, you have to stay out of their;it really isrisk." Other areas have "recycled" transportation modes of the past. The "rails to trails" project, which is popular across America, taakes old, unused railroad tracks and converts them into great paths for walking ,running or bike riding. Can exercise help? Hopefully it will ,since being overweight has now become a global issue. Of course, in countries like Japan ,where the diet is not entirely westernized,"there is a slight increase (in people's weight),but it's not like America,"where ,she points out,the weight levels are rising faster than anyplace else in the world.
Blood has meny important jobs to do. Its major function is to act as a transport system, carrying oxygen and food to all parts of the body, and food to all parts of the body, and carying away waste products. To do this it circulates around the body through a system of blood vessels. The main parts of the human body through which the blood circulates are shown in Figure 5.1.
The heart is a "blood pump". When blood leaves the heart, it is under high pressure. The vessels carrying the blood away from the heart have to withstand this pressure, so they have thick, muscularwalls. Vessels carrying blood away from the heart are called arteries. When an artery comes near the surface, it is some times possible to feel the surging pressure caused by the heart beating. This is called a pulse. You can feel a pulse in your wrist.