>>17 それじゃなんでこれ和訳したの? Now, some Indian bankers suffered,well,somthing of a bugber recently after managing to lose more than $200,000 in cash to a colony of termites.
If you are asked to rock a baby, please do not throw a stone at it. Instead, move the baby gently from side to side. If this doesn't calm the child, play some loud rock music.
If you are asked to rock a baby, please do not throw a stone at it. Instead, move the baby gently from side to side. If this doesn't calm the child, play some loud rock music.
rock 2. trans. slang (orig. and chiefly U.S. regional (south. and South Midland)). To throw stones at; to stone.
1836 Public Ledger (Philadelphia) 30 Aug. 1/4 Rock him! rock him! cried the boys, rock him round the corner... The wearer was ‘rocked’ till he turned his cloak inside out. 1848 in J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (at cited word), They commenced rocking the Clay Club House in June. 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet at Breakfast-table xii, The boys would follow after him, crying, ‘Rock him! Rock him! He's got a long-tailed coat on!’ 1899 R. Kipling Stalky & Co. 271 Did Stalky ever tell you how Rabbits-Eggs came to rock King that night? 1923 Dial. Notes 5 219, I rocked 'im off o' the place. 1968 M. Haun Hawk's done Gone 205 A bunch of boys around here had made it up to rock him. 1996 F. Chappell Farewell I'm bound to leave You (1997) 162 She..started showering those mean old boys with stones. Mercy, how she rocked them! (OED Online)
そう言えば、stone にも動詞で「石を投げつける」っていう意味があったね。
stone a. trans. To throw stones at, pelt with stones; esp. to put to death by pelting with stones. (OED Online)
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a. An establishment, organization, or association, instituted for the promotion of some object, esp. one of public or general utility, religious, charitable, educational, etc., e.g. a church, school, college, hospital, asylum, reformatory, mission, or the like; as a literary and philosophical institution, a deaf and dumb institution, the Royal National Life-boat Institution, the Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution (instituted 1798), the Railway Benevolent Institution, etc. The name is often popularly applied to the building appropriated to the work of a benevolent or educational institution. (OED Online)
>>135 British National Corpus なら、もちろん知ってるし、少しは使ったことがある。 でもいつもは COCA corpus と Google Books の corpus を使ってる。 でも僕が言っているのはあくまで dictionary や encyclopedia であって、 corpus は必要があってリサーチしてるって感じで、読んでて面白いもんじゃない。 その点、dictionary には面白みがある。
古い本だからって翻訳されてないのもあると思うんだけど、例えば今読んでるThe Age of Revolution 1789-1848 (ERIC HOBSBAWM)は翻訳されてるの? あと、これまでに読んだThe Meiji Restoration (WG.BEASLEY)は翻訳されてる? あとEUROPE:A History(Norman Davis)は? あとOliver SacksのThe Man Who Mistook His Wife Forはどうなの?
Ivanhoe 第44章 When the first moments of surprise were over, Wilfred of Ivanhoe demanded of the Grand Master, as judge of the field, if he had manfully and rightfully done his duty in the combat? "Manfully and rightfully hath it been done," said the Grand Master. "I pronounce the maiden free and guiltless—The arms and the body of the deceased knight are at the will of the victor."
Ivanhoe 第44章 When the first moments of surprise were over, Wilfred of Ivanhoe demanded of the Grand Master, as judge of the field, if he had manfully and rightfully done his duty in the combat? "Manfully and rightfully hath it been done," said the Grand Master. "I pronounce the maiden free and guiltless—The arms and the body of the deceased knight are at the will of the victor."
>>335 Ivanhoe 第44章 (1) When the first moments of surprise were over, Wilfred of Ivanhoe demanded of the Grand Master, as judge of the field, if he had manfully and rightfully done his duty in the combat?
驚いた気分がほんのしばらく続いたあと、Wilfred of Ivanhoe は、戦場の状況の 判断を担当している Grand Master に対して、「戦闘で、私は自分の責務を 男らしく正しく果たしただろうか?」と尋ねた。
(2) "Manfully and rightfully hath it been done," said the Grand Master.
「男らしく正しく果たしたぞ」と、Grand Master は答えた。
(3) "I pronounce the maiden free and guiltless―The arms and the body of the deceased knight are at the will of the victor."
>>399 Ivanhoe 第44章 When the first moments of surprise were over, Wilfred of Ivanhoe demanded of the Grand Master, as judge of the field, if he had manfully and rightfully done his duty in the combat? "Manfully and rightfully hath it been done," said the Grand Master. "I pronounce the maiden free and guiltless—The arms and the body of the deceased knight are at the will of the victor."
>>352の訳 驚いた気分がほんのしばらく続いたあと、Wilfred of Ivanhoe は、戦場の状況の 判断を担当している Grand Master に対して、「戦闘で、私は自分の責務を 男らしく正しく果たしただろうか?」と尋ねた。 「男らしく正しく果たしたぞ」と、Grand Master は答えた。 さらに言った。「乙女は無罪放免と宣告する。死亡した騎士の武器と遺体は、勝利者の 意のままにするがよい」
The steeds of these attendants were in appearance as foreign as their riders. They were of Saracen origin, and consequently of Arabian descent; and their fine slender limbs, small fetlocks, thin manes, and easy springy motion, formed a marked contrast with the large-jointed, heavy horses, of which the race was cultivated in Flanders and in Normandy, for mounting the men-at-arms of the period in all the panoply of plate and mail; and which, placed by the side of those Eastern coursers, might have passed for a personification of substance and of shadow.
この a personification of substance and of shadow の意味がわからない。 力と影の化身? なんのこっちゃだなw
The steeds of these attendants were in appearance as foreign as their riders. They were of Saracen origin, and consequently of Arabian descent; and their fine slender limbs, small fetlocks, thin manes, and easy springy motion, formed a marked contrast with the large-jointed, heavy horses, of which the race was cultivated in Flanders and in Normandy, for mounting the men-at-arms of the period in all the panoply of plate and mail; and which, placed by the side of those Eastern coursers, might have passed for a personification of substance and of shadow.
The steeds of these attendants were in appearance as foreign as their riders. They were of Saracen origin, and consequently of Arabian descent; and their fine slender limbs, small fetlocks, thin manes, and easy springy motion, formed a marked contrast with the large-jointed, heavy horses, of which the race was cultivated in Flanders and in Normandy, for mounting the men-at-arms of the period in all the panoply of plate and mail; and which, placed by the side of those Eastern coursers, might have passed for a personification of substance and of shadow.
Tantor Audio presents THE GOD DELUSION (神は妄想である) by Richard Dawkins (著者:リチャード・ドーキンス) 1941年生まれの英国人 Read by Richard Dawkins and Lalla Ward (朗読:リチャード・ドーキンスとララ・ウォード) his wife 11CDs: 14 hours UNABRIDGED (録音時間:約14時間) Published by BLACK SWAN, London, 2006 Preface(プレファス) Page 28, Line 9 When one person suffers from a delusion, it is called insanity. (ある一人の人物が妄想にとりつかれているとき、それは精神異常と呼ばれる) When many people suffer from a delusion, it is called Religion. (多くの人間が妄想にとりつかれているとき、それは宗教と呼ばれる)
http://watanabeyukari.weblogs.jp/yousho/2013/11/2013koreyoma-shortlist.html 2013年「これを読まずして年は越せないで賞」ショートリスト候補作決定! 1)児童書/YA One and Only Ivan* The Screaming Staircase The Sea of Tranquility* Eleanor & Park*(近日中にレビューを書きます) 2)ノンフィクション Lean In Zero waste home The Signal and the Noise* 3)フィクション(文芸小説・短篇集) A Tale for the Time Being Dear Life* 4)フィクション(SF、ミステリ、ラブロマンスを含む大衆小説) The Rosie Project The Husband's Secret The Emperor's Soul The Storyteller by Jodi Picoult(近日中にレビューを書きます)
He was a very silent man by custom. All day he hung round the cove or upon the cliffs with a brass telescope; all evening he sat in a corner of the parlour next the fire and drank rum and water very strong. Mostly he would not speak when spoken to, only look up sudden and fierce and blow through his nose like a fog-horn; and we and the people who came about our house soon learned to let him be. Every day when he came back from his stroll he would ask if any seafaring men had gone by along the road. At first we thought it was the want of company of his own kind that made him ask this question, but at last we began to see he was desirous to avoid them. When a seaman did put up at the Admiral Benbow (as now and then some did, making by the coast road for Bristol) he would look in at him through the curtained door before he entered the parlour; and he was always sure to be as silent as a mouse when any such was present. For me, at least, there was no secret about the matter, for I was, in a way, a sharer in his alarms. He had taken me aside one day and promised me a silver fourpenny on the first of every month if I would only keep my "weather-eye open for a seafaring man with one leg" and let him know the moment he appeared. Often enough when the first of the month came round and I applied to him for my wage, he would only blow through his nose at me and stare me down, but before the week was out he was sure to think better of it, bring me my four-penny piece, and repeat his orders to look out for "the seafaring man with one leg."
神の国 第1章 For to this earthly city belong the enemies against whom I have to defend the city of God. Many of them, indeed, being reclaimed from their ungodly error, have become sufficiently creditable citizens of this city; but many are so inflamed with hatred against it, and are so ungrateful to its Redeemer for His signal benefits, as to forget that they would now be unable to utter a single word to its prejudice, had they not found in its sacred places, as they fled from the enemy's steel, that life in which they now boast themselves.
>>737 文構造解明 For the enemies (against whom I have to defend the city of God) belong to this earthly city.
Many of them, indeed,( because they were reclaimed from their ungodly error, )have become sufficiently creditable citizens of this city;
but many are( so) inflamed with hatred against it, and are (so )ungrateful to its Redeemer for His signal benefits, (as to )forget that they would now be unable to utter a single word to its prejudice,
so〜as to〜
If they had not found that life in which they now boast themselves in its sacred places as they fled from the enemy's steel,
they would now be unable to utter a single word to its prejudice.
(as to )forget that they would now be unable to utter a single word to its prejudice if they had not found that life in which they now boast themselves in its sacred places as they fled from the enemy's steel.
神の国 第1章 For to this earthly city belong the enemies against whom I have to defend the city of God. Many of them, indeed, being reclaimed from their ungodly error, have become sufficiently creditable citizens of this city; but many are so inflamed with hatred against it, and are so ungrateful to its Redeemer for His signal benefits, as to forget that they would now be unable to utter a single word to its prejudice, had they not found in its sacred places, as they fled from the enemy's steel, that life in which they now boast themselves.
文構造解明 For the enemies (against whom I have to defend the city of God) belong to this earthly city.
Many of them, indeed,( because they were reclaimed from their ungodly error, )have become sufficiently creditable citizens of this city;
but many are( so) inflamed with hatred against it, and are (so )ungrateful to its Redeemer for His signal benefits,
(as to )forget that they would now be unable to utter a single word to its prejudice if they had not found that life in which they now boast themselves in its sacred places as they fled from the enemy's steel.
>>737 神の国 第1章 (1) For to this earthly city belong the enemies against whom I have to defend the city of God. というのも、この俗界の都市に、私が神の都市をその攻撃から守らねばならない敵の数々が住んでいるからである。
(2) Many of them, indeed, being reclaimed from their ungodly error, have become sufficiently creditable citizens of this city; それこそ、その敵たちのうちの多くは、罪深い過ちから立ち直ることにより、この都市の十分に賞賛に値する市民になったのだ。
(3) but many are so inflamed with hatred against it, and are so ungrateful to its Redeemer for His signal benefits, しかし、その多くは神の都市に対する憎しみで激しく燃え、その都市の救い主が示して下さった兆しによる恩恵のことをあまりに感謝しないので、
(4) as to forget that they would now be unable to utter a single word to its prejudice, had they not found in its sacred places, as they fled from the enemy's steel, that life in which they now boast themselves. 敵の剣から逃れるにあたって、彼らが得意としている命をその(都市の)聖なる場所(の数々)に 見出さなかったら、神の都市を悪しざまに一言でも言うことができなくなっているということを忘れてしまっているであろう。
>>734 Saint Augustine の "The City of God against the Pagans" って、 Penguin Books で 1,200 ページもあるんだね。すっごく長いね。こんなふうな 凝った感じの文体での英訳で 1,200 ページも読める人はすごい。 内容も、すごく濃厚そうだし。
>>733 "The City of God" の >>750 の続き。今度は、短い文ばかりのように思える。
(5) Are not those very Romans, who were spared by the barbarians through their respect for Christ, become enemies to the name of Christ?
(6) The reliquaries of the martyrs and the churches of the apostles bear witness to this; for in the sack of the city they were open sanctuary for all who fled to them, whether Christian or Pagan.
(7) To their very threshold the blood-thirsty enemy raged; there his murderous fury owned a limit.
(8) Thither did such of the enemy as had any pity convey those to whom they had given quarter, lest any less mercifully disposed might fall upon them.
>>763>>733 (5) Are not those very Romans, who were spared by the barbarians through their respect for Christ, become enemies to the name of Christ? そのローマ人たち自身は、キリストを尊重するがゆえに野蛮人から排斥されずに済んだが、 キリストの名に対する敵になったのではないか? 注釈:ここで "are become" となっていることに注意したい。"have become" ではない。
(6A) The reliquaries of the martyrs and the churches of the apostles bear witness to this; 殉教者の聖骨箱や使徒の教会が、このことを証言しているのだ。
(6B) for in the sack of the city they were open sanctuary for all who fled to them, whether Christian or Pagan. というのも、この都市に守られて、それらは、キリスト教徒であろうと異教徒であろうと、 そこに逃げて行った人たちすべてのための開かれた神聖な場所であったからである。
(7) To their very threshold the blood-thirsty enemy raged; there his murderous fury owned a limit. その敷居そのものに対して、残虐な敵は怒りを表したのだ。そこで、彼の雑人的な怒りは限界を知っていたのだ。
(8) Thither did such of the enemy as had any pity convey those to whom they had given quarter, lest any less mercifully disposed might fall upon them. そっちの方へと、少しでも憐みを持っていた敵は慈悲を示した相手に対して伝えたのだ。 少しでも憐みの心が少ない者が彼らに襲い掛かることのないように。
The City of God (Book I) Source. Translated by Marcus Dods. From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, Vol. 2. Edited by Philip Schaff. (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1887.) http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120101.htm
>>766 で誤訳してしまったので、訂正します。 >>763>>733 (5) Are not those very Romans, who were spared by the barbarians through their respect for Christ, become enemies to the name of Christ? そのローマ人たち自身は、野蛮人たちがキリストに一目を置いているため、彼らから殺されずに済んだが、 キリストの名に対する敵になったのではないか?
(6A) The reliquaries of the martyrs and the churches of the apostles bear witness to this; 殉教者の聖骨箱や使徒の教会が、このことを証言しているのだ。
(6B) for in the sack of the city they were open sanctuary for all who fled to them, whether Christian or Pagan. というのも、この都市に守られて、それらは、キリスト教徒であろうと異教徒であろうと、 亡命してきた人たちすべてに開かれた神聖な場所であったからである。
(7) To their very threshold the blood-thirsty enemy raged; there his murderous fury owned a limit. その敷居そのものに対して、残虐な敵は怒りを表したのだ。そこで、彼の殺人的な怒りは限界を知っていたのだ。
(8) Thither did such of the enemy as had any pity convey those to whom they had given quarter, lest any less mercifully disposed might fall upon them. その聖なる場所へと、憐みの心を少しでも持つ敵は、慈悲を示した相手を連れて行ったのだ。 少しでも憐みの心が少ない者が彼らに襲い掛かかってはいけないので。
>>771 の続き (9) And, indeed, when even those murderers who everywhere else showed themselves pitiless came to those spots where that was forbidden which the license of war permitted in every other place, their furious rage for slaughter was bridled, and their eagerness to take prisoners was quenched.
(10) Thus escaped multitudes who now reproach the Christian religion, and impute to Christ the ills that have befallen their city;
(11) but the preservation of their own life― a boon which they owe to the respect entertained for Christ by the barbarians― they attribute not to our Christ, but to their own good luck.
>>772 (9) And, indeed, when even those murderers who everywhere else showed themselves pitiless came to those spots where that was forbidden which the license of war permitted in every other place, their furious rage for slaughter was bridled, and their eagerness to take prisoners was quenched.
>>772 (10) Thus escaped multitudes who now reproach the Christian religion, and impute to Christ the ills that have befallen their city; このように、多くの人々が危機を逃れたのだが、その人々が今、キリスト教という宗教を 非難し、彼らの都市が被った災難をキリストのせいにしている。
(11) but the preservation of their own life― a boon which they owe to the respect entertained for Christ by the barbarians― they attribute not to our Christ, but to their own good luck. しかし、彼ら自身がいまだに生きていられるということは、野蛮人たちがキリストに一目を 置いていることによる恩恵なのであるが、彼らはそれをわがキリストではなく、自分たち 自身の運によるものだと考えてしまっているのだ。
"The City of God" (Saint Augustine) を収録したサイトの冒頭(Chapter 1 の前)
(1) Augustine censures the pagans, who attributed the calamities of the world, and especially the recent sack of Rome by the Goths, to the Christian religion, and its prohibition of the worship of the gods.
(2) He speaks of the blessings and ills of life, which then, as always, happened to good and bad men alike.
(3) Finally, he rebukes the shamelessness of those who cast up to the Christians that their women had been violated by the soldiers.
(1) Augustine censures the pagans, who attributed the calamities of the world, and especially the recent sack of Rome by the Goths, to the Christian religion, and its prohibition of the worship of the gods. アウグスティヌスは異教徒を非難している。異教徒たちは、世の中の不幸、特にゴート人による 最近のローマ略奪が、キリスト教のせいであり、キリスト教が異教の神々の崇拝を禁じている からだとしている。
(2) He speaks of the blessings and ills of life, which then, as always, happened to good and bad men alike. アウグスティヌスは、そのころ、善人にも悪人にも同じように常に降りかかる人生の 祝福や不幸について書いている。
(3) Finally, he rebukes the shamelessness of those who cast up to the Christians that their women had been violated by the soldiers. 最後に、キリスト教徒の妻たちが兵士によって犯されたことの責任がキリスト教徒自身にあると 言っている連中が恥知らずであることを非難している。
(4) Preface, Explaining His Design in Undertaking This Work.
(5) The glorious city of God is my theme in this work, which you, my dearest son Marcellinus, suggested, and which is due to you by my promise.
(6) I have undertaken its defence against those who prefer their own gods to the Founder of this city―a city surpassingly glorious, whether we view it as it still lives by faith in this fleeting course of time, and sojourns as a stranger in the midst of the ungodly, or as it shall dwell in the fixed stability of its eternal seat, which it now with patience waits for, expecting until righteousness shall return unto judgment, and it obtain, by virtue of its excellence, final victory and perfect peace.
its Redeemer for His signal benefits の signal の意味: -------------------------- From Merriam-Webster
signal adjective
: very important or great : distinguished from the ordinary : notable <a signal achievement>
Is he worthy of such a signal honor? <the Louisiana Purchase is cited by many historians as one of the most signal events in American history> ------------------------
His signal benefits:神のすぐれた恩恵
its Redeemer for His signal benefits : その都市の為に神のすぐれた恩恵を贖ってくれた人(すなわちキリスト)
英太郎さんには悪いけど、もう少し Saint Augustine を続けます。 777さん、signal という単語の意味について教えてくれてありがとう。
(4) Preface, Explaining His Design in Undertaking This Work. まえがき:本書に取り組むにあたっての著者の意図の説明
(5) The glorious city of God is my theme in this work, which you, my dearest son Marcellinus, suggested, and which is due to you by my promise. 輝かしい神の都市について本書では取り扱うが、本書は、息子 Marcellinus よ、お前が 提案してくれたものであるし、約束通りお前に捧げるものなのだ。
ところで、"The City of God" は「神の都市」じゃなくて「神の町」と訳すことにします。 まあ、「神の国」が一番わかりやすいんだろうけどね。
長い (6) の文の構文解析 (6) I have undertaken its defence against those who prefer their own gods to the Founder of this city
その city とは何かを次に説明している。(同格) --- a city surpassingly glorious, whether we view it as it [= the city] still (1) LIVES by faith in this fleeting course of time, and (2) SOJOURNS as a stranger in the midst of the ungodly, or as it [= the city] shall dwell in the fixed stability of its eternal seat, WHICH it [= the city] now with patience waits for, expecting until (aaa) righteousness shall return unto judgment, and (bbb) it [= the city] obtain, by virtue of its excellence, final victory and perfect peace.
"The City of God" を、やっぱり「神の国」と訳すことにする。ところで、今回のこの 文はあまりにも長くて、途中でうまく切ることができないので、僕の拙い日本語表現力では 人に理解できる訳文にはならない。誰か、日本語表現力の豊かな人は挑戦してみてほしい。
(6-1) I have undertaken its defence against those who prefer their own gods to the Founder of this city 私は、この国の創立者(キリスト)よりも自分たちの異教の神々の方がいいという人々に 対して、この国を弁護することにした。
(6-2) ―a city surpassingly glorious, whether we view it as it still lives by faith in this fleeting course of time, and sojourns as a stranger in the midst of the ungodly, or as it shall dwell in the fixed stability of its eternal seat, which it now with patience waits for, expecting until righteousness shall return unto judgment, and it obtain, by virtue of its excellence, final victory and perfect peace.
(6-2-A) ―a city surpassingly glorious, whether we view it as it still lives by faith in this fleeting course of time, and sojourns as a stranger in the midst of the ungodly, or as it shall dwell in the fixed stability of its eternal seat, その国をこの束の間の時の中で信仰によって今でも存続して、罪深い人々のさなかで その人々とはそぐわない存在として存続しているとわれわれが考えるか、あるいは そのしっかりと安定した永遠の礎(いしずえ)の上に載っていると考えるかに関わらず、 神の国は優れて輝いているのである。
(6-2-B) which it now with patience waits for, expecting until righteousness shall return unto judgment, and it obtain, by virtue of its excellence, final victory and perfect peace. そのような永遠の礎(いしずえ)を、神の国は辛抱強く待っているのであり、正義の審判が下されて、 それが優れているがゆえに最終的に勝利し完全に平和になる日を待ち望んでいるのである。
Saint Augustine が "The City of God" を書いたこのときは、今から1600年も前。 そのころは、どんな時代だったのかな?みんな何を考え、どんな家に住み、どんな服を着て、 何を感じて生きてたんだろうな?もちろん、少しくらいは世界の歴史を知ってるし、その気になれば それなりに文献を読み漁ることはできるけど、それはすべて憶測から生まれた推測に基づく、 そのまた推定に過ぎないんだろうな。それでもともかく、たとえば Saint Augustine の 文章を少しでもいいから読むことにより、その当時の人々の考え方や感じ方や暮らし方に ほんの少しでもいいから触れたいと思ってる。
(7) A great work this, and an arduous; but God is my helper.
(8) For I am aware what ability is requisite to persuade the proud how great is the virtue of humility, which raises us, not by a quite human arrogance, but by a divine grace, above all earthly dignities that totter on this shifting scene.
(9) For the King and Founder of this city of which we speak, has in Scripture uttered to His people a dictum of the divine law in these words: God resists the proud, but gives grace unto the humble.
(10) But this, which is God's prerogative, the inflated ambition of a proud spirit also affects, and dearly loves that this be numbered among its attributes, to
Show pity to the humbled soul, And crush the sons of pride.
(11) And therefore, as the plan of this work we have undertaken requires, and as occasion offers, we must speak also of the earthly city, which, though it be mistress of the nations, is itself ruled by its lust of rule.
(7) A great work this, and an arduous; but God is my helper. これは、あまりに大きく大変な仕事だが、神が私を助けてくださっている。
(8-1) For I am aware what ability is requisite to persuade the proud how great is the virtue of humility, というのも、謙虚さという美徳がいかに素晴らしいかを奢れる人々に納得させるにはどういう 能力が必要かを、私は知っているからだ。
(8-2) which raises us, not by a quite human arrogance, but by a divine grace, above all earthly dignities that totter on this shifting scene. そしてこの謙虚さという美徳のおかげで、人間らしい傲慢さによってではなく神の恩寵により、 この移り変わる状況の中で動揺しているこの世のあらゆる品位を凌駕するレベルにまで、 われわれは高まっていくのだ。
(9) For the King and Founder of this city of which we speak, has in Scripture uttered to His people a dictum of the divine law in these words: God resists the proud, but gives grace unto the humble. というのも、ここでのテーマであるこの国の王であり建国者であるキリストは、 次のような言葉によって神の法についての格言を、聖書の中で民衆に向かって述べているのだ。 その言葉とは、「神は傲慢な人を避け、謙虚な者に恩寵を授ける」というものだ。
(10) But this, which is God's prerogative, the inflated ambition of a proud spirit also affects, and dearly loves that this be numbered among its attributes, to Show pity to the humbled soul, And crush the sons of pride. しかし、これは神の特権であるが、 --- 謙虚な魂に憐みを示すため、そして --- 傲慢の息子たちを打ちひしぐために これを傲慢な精神の者も真似ていて、これをその属性の うちの一つとして数えることをたいそう好んでいるのだ。
(11-A) And therefore, as the plan of this work we have undertaken requires, and as occasion offers, we must speak also of the earthly city, したがって、われわれが取り組んだ本書の企画において求められ、その機会もあるので、 われわれはこの世の国についても述べなければならない。
(11-B) which, though it be mistress of the nations, is itself ruled by its lust of rule. この世の国は諸国家を統治しているが、その国自身も支配欲によって支配されているのだ。
>>776 の続き (11) They ought rather, had they any right perceptions, to attribute the severities and hardships inflicted by their enemies, to that divine providence which is wont to reform the depraved manners of men by chastisement, and which exercises with similar afflictions the righteous and praiseworthy―either translating them, when they have passed through the trial, to a better world, or detaining them still on earth for ulterior purposes.
構文解析 >>776 の続き(Chapter 1 の途中から) (11) They OUGHT rather, had they any right perceptions (認識), [= if they had any right perceptions] TO <<< attribute >>> the severities (厳しい経験) and hardships inflicted by their enemies, <<< to >>> that divine providence (aaa) WHICH is wont to (〜するのを常とする、〜し慣れている) reform the depraved (堕落した) manners of men by chastisement (折檻、体罰、懲罰), and (bbb) WHICH exercises (影響を及ぼす、悩ませる) with similar afflictions (苦痛、苦悩、病気、災難) the righteous and praiseworthy ―EITHER translating (移動させる) them, when they have passed through the trial, to a better world, OR detaining them still on earth for ulterior (隠れた、将来の) purposes.
(11) They ought rather, had they any right perceptions, to attribute the severities and hardships inflicted by their enemies, to that divine providence which is wont to reform the depraved manners of men by chastisement, and which exercises with similar afflictions the righteous and praiseworthy ―either translating them, when they have passed through the trial, to a better world, or detaining them still on earth for ulterior purposes. 正しい認識があるのなら、彼らはむしろ、敵から被った厳しい体験や試練が、懲罰によって 人間の堕落した習慣を常に改め、正しい者や賞賛さるべき者に同様の苦痛を及ぼし、そして それにより、審判を受け終わったあとにもっと良い世界に運び込んでくれるか、あるいは 隠れた目的のために地上に留めるかするという摂理によるものと考えるべきなのだ。
次の文の構文解析("The City of God" の Chapter 1 の後半) (12) And they (= multitudes who now reproach the Christian religion, (10) に出てくる) ought to attribute IT (it は that 以下を受けている) to the spirit of these Christian times, (aaa) THAT (一つ目の that), contrary to the custom (慣習、慣例、しきたり) of war, these bloodthirsty barbarians spared them, <<< and spared them for Christ's sake,>>> [[[ whether ]]] this mercy (慈悲) was actually shown in promiscuous (乱雑な、錯綜した) places, [[[ or ]]] in those places [WHICH WERE を補足] specially dedicated to Christ's name, and OF WHICH the very largest were selected as sanctuaries, (bbb) THAT (二つ目の that) full scope (余地、機会) might thus be given to the expansive (心の広い) compassion (同情、憐れみ) WHICH desired that a large multitude might find shelter (保護) there.
(12-A) And they ought to attribute it to the spirit of these Christian times, that, contrary to the custom of war, these bloodthirsty barbarians spared them, and spared them for Christ's sake, そして、彼ら(キリスト教を責める人々)は、戦争の慣習とは反対に、これらの残忍な 野蛮人たちが彼らの命を見逃してくれたこと(しかもキリストのために見逃してくれたこと) をこれらのキリスト教時代の精神のおかげであると理解すべきなのだ。
(12-B) whether this mercy was actually shown in promiscuous places, or in those places specially dedicated to Christ's name, and of which the very largest were selected as sanctuaries, そしてこれは、錯そうした場所で、あるいはキリストの名にささげられ、そのうちの最も大きなものは聖なる場所 として選定されているような場所でこのような慈悲が示されたかどうかには関わらずである。
(12-C) that full scope might thus be given to the expansive compassion which desired that a large multitude might find shelter there. さらに、多くの人々がそこでかくまわれることを望むような寛大な憐みに対してこのように 大きな余地が与えられることが、キリスト教時代の精神のおかげであると理解すべきなのだ。
次の文の構文解析 (13) Therefore ought they (= multitudes who now reproach the Christian religion, (10) に出てくる) to GIVE God thanks, and with sincere confession FLEE (逃れる) for refuge to His name, THAT SO (これは "so that" と似たような意味か?) they MAY escape the punishment of eternal fire ― they WHO << with lying lips >> took upon them this name, THAT they might escape the punishment of present destruction.
(13) Therefore ought they to give God thanks, and with sincere confession flee for refuge to His name, that so they may escape the punishment of eternal fire― they who with lying lips took upon them this name, that they might escape the punishment of present destruction. 従って、彼ら(キリスト教を責めた人々)は神に感謝すべきであり、さらには心から懺悔して キリストの名に向かって逃れ、それによって、(嘘によってこの名を引き受けた彼らは) 永遠に燃え盛る火による罰から逃れ、現世での滅びという罰を逃れるようにするべきなのだ。
When Farmer Oak smiled, 農民のオークが微笑んだとき、 the corners of his mouth spread 口の角が横に広がって till they were within an unimportant distance of his ears, 耳と耳とのあいだの重要でない間隔いっぱいに広がるまでになり、 his eyes were reduced to chinks, 目がただの割れ目になってしまい、 and diverging wrinkles appeared round them, 分岐した皺が目の周りに現れ、 extending upon his countenance like the rays in a rudimentary sketch of the rising sun. 日の出を拙く描いたスケッチの中の光線のように顔いっぱいに広がるのだった。 =============== 気分転換に Thomas Hardy のこの小説の冒頭を訳してみたら、すごく楽だ。 まあ、楽だとは言っても、これでも誤訳とか日本語表現力の拙さを露呈してしまってるんだろうけど、 ともかく僕としては楽しくて楽だ。きれいな文章だ。
(2) His Christian name was Gabriel, and on working days he was a young man of sound judgment, easy motions, proper dress, and general good character. 彼の名前(クリスチャンネーム)はゲイブリエルといい、仕事のある日は判断力のしっかりした、 体を楽に動かす、服装のきちんとした、全般的にいい性格をした男だった。
(3) On Sundays he was a man of misty views, rather given to postponing, and hampered by his best clothes and umbrella: 日曜日には、考え方がぼんやりして、どちらかというと物事を先に延ばしがちで、 日曜日に着る最高の服や傘のせいで振る舞いがぎごちなくなってしまうのだった。
(4) upon the whole, one who felt himself to occupy morally that vast middle space of Laodicean neutrality which lay between the Communion people of the parish and the drunken section, 全般的に見て、精神面では、教区の信者と飲んだくれのあいだの、宗教に無関心な中立的で巨大な 中間層を占めていると感じる男だった。
(5) ― that is, he went to church, but yawned privately by the time the congregation reached the Nicene creed,- つまり、教会に通うけれども、ミサでニケア信条の朗読の始まるまでに密かにあくびをしていたのだ。
(6) and thought of what there would be for dinner when he meant to be listening to the sermon. そして、説教を聞こうと思いながらも、夕食は何にしようかと考えているのだった。
(7) Or, to state his character as it stood in the scale of public opinion, あるいは、彼の性格を世間の人の意見によって計ると when his friends and critics were in tantrums, 彼の友人や彼のことを批評する人たちが不機嫌なときには、 he was considered rather a bad man; オークはどちらかというと悪い男だと思われていた。 when they were pleased, 友人などの気分がいいときには、 he was rather a good man; どちらかというといい人だったのだ。 when they were neither, そして友人たちがそのどちらの気分でもないときには、 he was a man whose moral colour was a kind of pepper-and-salt mixture. オークの性格は胡椒と塩を混ぜたようなものだった。
He wore a low-crowned felt hat, オークは、浅めのフェルト帽子をかぶり、 spread out at the base by tight jamming upon the head 下の方は頭に強く押し付けて広げることにより、 for security in high winds, 風が強くても吹き飛ばされないようにしていた。
and a coat like Dr. Johnson's; そして(有名な英語辞典を作った)ジョンソン博士のようなコートを着ていた。
his lower extremities being encased in ordinary leather leggings and boots emphatically large, 脚には普通の革のゲートルとものすごく大きな長靴を履いていた。 affording to each foot a roomy apartment so constructed 長靴には、両足にゆったりした空間があった。 that any wearer might stand in a river all day long and know nothing of damp ― そしてそれを履けば誰でも一日中でも川に入ったままでもまったく濡れないですむように作ってあった。
their maker being a conscientious man who endeavoured to compensate for any weakness in his cut by unstinted dimension and solidity. というのも、それを作った職人は、惜しげもなく大きく丈夫に作ることによって そのカットに少しでも弱いところがあれば補強されるよう努力するような良心的な男だったのだ。
Mr. Oak carried about him, by way of watch, オークさんは、腕時計の代わりに what may be called a small silver clock; 銀で出来た小さな置時計と呼んでもよさそうなものを持ち歩いていた。 in other words, it was a watch as to shape and intention, 言い換えれば、形と目的から言えば腕時計だけれども、 and a small clock as to size. 大きさを見ると小さな置時計という感じだったのだ。
This instrument being several years older than Oak's grandfather, この時計は、オークのおじいさんが生まれる数年前に出来たもので、 had the peculiarity of going either too fast or not at all. 進み過ぎるかまったく動かないかという奇妙なものだった。
The smaller of its hands, too, 時計の針の小さな方も occasionally slipped round on the pivot, 時には軸の周りを滑るときがあったので、 and thus, though the minutes were told with precision, 何分なのかを正確に示してはいたが、 nobody could be quite certain of the hour they belonged to. 何時なのかは、誰もはっきりとはわからなかったのだ。
For of those whom you see insolently and shamelessly insulting the servants of Christ, there are numbers who would not have escaped that destruction and slaughter had they not pretended that they themselves were Christ's servants. Yet now, in ungrateful pride and most impious madness, and at the risk of being punished in everlasting darkness, they perversely oppose that name under which they fraudulently protected themselves for the sake of enjoying the light of this brief life.
Thus communed these; while to their lowly dome, The full-fed swine return'd with evening home; Compell'd, reluctant, to the several sties, With din obstreperous, and ungrateful cries. Pope's Odyssey
In that pleasant district of merry England which is watered by the river Don, there extended in ancient times a large forest, covering the greater part of the beautiful hills and valleys which lie between Sheffield and the pleasant town of Doncaster. The remains of this extensive wood are still to be seen at the noble seats of Wentworth, of Warncliffe Park, and around Rotherham. Here haunted of yore the fabulous Dragon of Wantley; here were fought many of the most desperate battles during the Civil Wars of the Roses; and here also flourished in ancient times those bands of gallant outlaws, whose deeds have been rendered so popular in English song.
Such being our chief scene, the date of our story refers to a period towards the end of the reign of Richard I., when his return from his long captivity had become an event rather wished than hoped for by his despairing subjects, who were in the meantime subjected to every species of subordinate oppression. The nobles, whose power had become exorbitant during the reign of Stephen, and whom the prudence of Henry the Second had scarce reduced to some degree of subjection to the crown, had now resumed their ancient license in its utmost extent; despising the feeble interference of the English Council of State, fortifying their castles, increasing the number of their dependants, reducing all around them to a state of vassalage, and striving by every means in their power, to place themselves each at the head of such forces as might enable him to make a figure in the national convulsions which appeared to be impending.
The situation of the inferior gentry, or Franklins, as they were called, who, by the law and spirit of the English constitution, were entitled to hold themselves independent of feudal tyranny, became now unusually precarious. If, as was most generally the case, they placed themselves under the protection of any of the petty kings in their vicinity, accepted of feudal offices in his household, or bound themselves by mutual treaties of alliance and protection, to support him in his enterprises, they might indeed purchase temporary repose; but it must be with the sacrifice of that independence which was so dear to every English bosom, and at the certain hazard of being involved as a party in whatever rash expedition the ambition of their protector might lead him to undertake.
On the other hand, such and so multiplied were the means of vexation and oppression possessed by the great Barons, that they never wanted the pretext, and seldom the will, to harass and pursue, even to the very edge of destruction, any of their less powerful neighbours, who attempted to separate themselves from their authority, and to trust for their protection, during the dangers of the times, to their own inoffensive conduct, and to the laws of the land.
A circumstance which greatly tended to enhance the tyranny of the nobility, and the sufferings of the inferior classes, arose from the consequences of the Conquest by Duke William of Normandy. Four generations had not sufficed to blend the hostile blood of the Normans and Anglo-Saxons, or to unite, by common language and mutual interests, two hostile races, one of which still felt the elation of triumph, while the other groaned under all the consequences of defeat.
The power had been completely placed in the hands of the Norman nobility, by the event of the battle of Hastings, and it had been used, as our histories assure us, with no moderate hand. The whole race of Saxon princes and nobles had been extirpated or disinherited, with few or no exceptions; nor were the numbers great who possessed land in the country of their fathers, even as proprietors of the second, or of yet inferior classes.
The royal policy had long been to weaken, by every means, legal or illegal, the strength of a part of the population which was justly considered as nourishing the most inveterate antipathy to their victor. All the monarchs of the Norman race had shown the most marked predilection for their Norman subjects; the laws of the chase, and many others equally unknown to the milder and more free spirit of the Saxon constitution, had been fixed upon the necks of the subjugated inhabitants, to add weight, as it were, to the feudal chains with which they were loaded.
At court, and in the castles of the great nobles, where the pomp and state of a court was emulated, Norman-French was the only language employed; in courts of law, the pleadings and judgments were delivered in the same tongue. In short, French was the language of honour, of chivalry, and even of justice, while the far more manly and expressive Anglo-Saxon was abandoned to the use of rustics and hinds, who knew no other.
Still, however, the necessary intercourse between the lords of the soil, and those oppressed inferior beings by whom that soil was cultivated, occasioned the gradual formation of a dialect, compounded betwixt the French and the Anglo-Saxon, in which they could render themselves mutually intelligible to each other; and from this necessity arose by degrees the structure of our present English language, in which the speech of the victors and the vanquished have been so happily blended together; and which has since been so richly improved by importations from the classical languages, and from those spoken by the southern nations of Europe.
The stopping peculiarity of his watch Oak remedied by thumps and shakes, 時計が奇妙に止まってしまうたびに、オークは叩いたり揺すったりして直していたのだが、 and he escaped any evil consequences from the other two defects あとの二つの欠陥による悪い結果を逃れるため by constant comparisons with and observations of the sun and stars, 絶えず太陽や星の動きと照らし合わせたり観察したり、 and by pressing his face close to the glass of his neighbours' windows, 隣近所の家の窓ガラスに顔を押し付けて till he could discern the hour marked by the green-faced timekeepers within. 中にある表が緑色の時計が示す時間を見るのだった。
It may be mentioned that Oak's fob being difficult of access, 一つ付け加えておいてもいいだろうが、オークの時計専用ポケットには手が届きにくい。 by reason of its somewhat high situation in the waistband of his trousers それは、ポケットがズボンのウェストバンドの少し高いところにあるからで、 (which also lay at a remote height under his waistcoat), (おまけにウェストバンドの方も、ベストの下の、手の届きにくいところにあり) the watch was as a necessity pulled out by throwing the body to one side, 時計はどうしても、体を一方に投げ出して引っ張り出さないといけない。 compressing the mouth and face to a mere mass of ruddy flesh on account of the exertion required, それには力が必要なので、口と顔がただの赤い肉の塊になるまで縮め、 and drawing up the watch by its chain, like a bucket from a well. 鎖を引っ張って時計を引きずり出すというさまは、バケツを井戸から引きずり出すかのような按配だ。
But some thoughtful persons, しかし、じっくり考える人の中には、 who had seen him walking across one of his fields on a certain December morning ―sunny and exceedingly mild― 12月のある日の朝(晴れていて実に穏やかな朝)に自分の農園をうちの一つを横切っているのを見たあと、 might have regarded Gabriel Oak in other aspects than these. ゲイブリエル・オークをこれとは別の側面から見た人がいたかもしれない。
In his face one might notice that 彼の表情の中に、 many of the hues and curves of youth had tarried on to manhood: 青春の特徴や曲線のうちの多くが大人の彼に残っているということに、人は気づくかもしれない。
there even remained in his remoter crannies some relics of the boy. 彼の心の奥の方には、少年の心さえ残っているということに。
His height and breadth would have been sufficient オークには、背丈と声の大きさだけでも、 to make his presence imposing, had they been exhibited with due consideration. きちんと際立たせれば人目を引く存在感があった。
But there is a way some men have, rural and urban alike, しかし、田舎であれ都会であれ、 for which the mind is more responsible than flesh and sinew: 体よりも頭で勝負しようとする男もいるのである。
it is a way of curtailing their dimensions by their manner of showing them. つまりそれは、体の大きさの見せ方によって小さく見せるというやり方なのだ。
And from a quiet modesty that would have become a vestal, 修道女に似合うような静かな謙虚さにより、 which seemed continually to impress upon him that he had no great claim on the world's room, 世の中の空間を占める権利がさほどないと彼は常に痛感しているように見えたが、 Oak walked unassumingly and with a faintly perceptible bend, そういう謙虚な様子で、オークはつつましく、かすかに身をかがめながら歩くのだったが、 yet distinct from a bowing of the shoulders. 決して両肩を丸めてはいなかった。
This may be said to be a defect in an individual if he depends for his valuation more upon his appearance than upon his capacity to wear well, which Oak did not. オークは身なりがよくなかったのだが、身なりよりも容姿によって 評価を受けるのであれば、このような態度や物腰は欠点だと言える。
He had just reached the time of life at which "young" is ceasing to be the prefix of "man" in speaking of one. オークは、ちょうど「青年」とは言えなくなりそうな時期に来ていた。
He was at the brightest period of masculine growth, 彼は、男として成長する最高の時期にあった。 for his intellect and his emotions were clearly separated: というのも、知性と感情がはっきり分かれていたからだ。
he had passed the time during which the influence of youth indiscriminately mingles them in the character of impulse, 若さのゆえにその二つが衝動という形で無差別的に混ざってしまうような時期は、もう過ぎていた。
and he had not yet arrived at the stage wherein they become united again, in the character of prejudice, by the influence of a wife and family. 同時に、妻や家族の影響で、偏見という形でその二つが再び結びつく時期には、まだ来ていなかった。
In short, he was twenty-eight, and a bachelor. 一言で言うと、28歳。独身。
This state of things I have thought it necessary to premise for the information of the general reader, who might be apt to forget, that, although no great historical events, such as war or insurrection, mark the existence of the Anglo-Saxons as a separate people subsequent to the reign of William the Second; yet the great national distinctions betwixt them and their conquerors, the recollection of what they had formerly been, and to what they were now reduced, continued down to the reign of Edward the Third, to keep open the wounds which the Conquest had inflicted, and to maintain a line of separation betwixt the descendants of the victor Normans and the vanquished Saxons.
>>863 although no great historical events 〜 subsequent to the reign of William the Second ここは俺が777の盛大な誤読を直してやったところだな。 それからさ、意訳にしていく段階で、意味が変わってるじゃん。 「大きな出来事が〜を際立せなかった」じゃなくて、そもそも 「大きな出来事がなかった」んだよ。動乱がなかったの。その訳だと 「戦争はあったが、それは立場の違いを際立せはしなかった」という意味だよ。
The sun was setting upon one of the rich grassy glades of that forest, which we have mentioned in the beginning of the chapter. Hundreds of broad-headed, short-stemmed, wide-branched oaks, which had witnessed perhaps the stately march of the Roman soldiery, flung their gnarled arms over a thick carpet of the most delicious green sward; in some places they were intermingled with beeches, hollies, and copsewood of various descriptions, so closely as totally to intercept the level beams of the sinking sun; in others they receded from each other, forming those long sweeping vistas, in the intricacy of which the eye delights to lose itself, while imagination considers them as the paths to yet wilder scenes of silvan solitude.
Here the red rays of the sun shot a broken and discoloured light, that partially hung upon the shattered boughs and mossy trunks of the trees, and there they illuminated in brilliant patches the portions of turf to which they made their way. A considerable open space, in the midst of this glade, seemed formerly to have been dedicated to the rites of Druidical superstition; for, on the summit of a hillock, so regular as to seem artificial, there still remained part of a circle of rough unhewn stones, of large dimensions.
(1) 一つ目の質問 >>863 からの抜粋 no great historical events mark the existence of the Anglo-Saxons
この一節についてですが、 「アングロサクソン人の存在を示すような大きな歴史的出来事はなかった」 とでも訳せばいいのでしょうか? "mark the existence of" は「〜の存在を際立たせる」 というよりももっと単純かつ素朴な意味で「〜の存在を示す、〜が存在しているということを示す」 というような意味だと解釈すべきなんでしょうか?
(2) 二つ目の質問 もし「アングロサクソン人が存在していることを際立たせるような大きな歴史的出来事はなかった」 という意味の英文を書くとしたら、さしずめ No historical events highlight (highlight) the existence of the Anglo-Saxons. とでもすればいいでしょうか?
Seven stood upright; the rest had been dislodged from their places, probably by the zeal of some convert to Christianity, and lay, some prostrate near their former site, and others on the side of the hill. One large stone only had found its way to the bottom, and in stopping the course of a small brook, which glided smoothly round the foot of the eminence, gave, by its opposition, a feeble voice of murmur to the placid and elsewhere silent streamlet.
The field he was in this morning sloped to a ridge called Norcombe Hill. 今朝オークがいた農園は、ノーコンブ・ヒルという山の背に向かって傾いていた。 Through a spur of this hill ran the highway between Emminster and Chalk-Newton. この丘の支脈(突起)を通って、エミンスターとチョーク・ニュートンを結ぶ公道があった。 Casually glancing over the hedge, オークが垣根の上をふと見やると、 Oak saw coming down the incline before him an ornamental spring waggon, 前にある斜面を下りてくる飾りつきのバネ荷馬車が見えた。 painted yellow and gaily marked, drawn by two horses, 馬車は、黄色のペンキが塗ってあり鮮やかな印がついており、二頭の馬に引かれ、 a waggoner walking alongside bearing a whip perpendicularly. 御者は、鞭を垂直にして脇を歩いていた。
The waggon was laden with household goods and window plants, 荷馬車には、家財道具や窓に飾る植物が積んであり、 and on the apex of the whole sat a woman, young and attractive. 荷物のてっぺんに座っていたのは一人の女であり、若く魅力的だった。
Gabriel had not beheld the sight for more than half a minute, ゲイブリエルがその光景を30秒も見ないうちに、 when the vehicle was brought to a standstill just beneath his eyes. 馬車は彼のちょうど目の前に止まった。
"The tailboard of the waggon is gone, Miss," said the waggoner. 「馬車の後ろのドアがなくなっちまいました」と御者は言った。
"Then I heard it fall," said the girl, in a soft, though not particularly low voice. 「その音なら聞いたわ」と、女は静かではあるが特に低いというわけでもない声で言った。 "I heard a noise I could not account for when we were coming up the hill." 「丘を登ってるときに、何かわからない音がしたわ」 "I'll run back." 「走って取って来まさあ」 "Do," she answered. 「そうして」と女は答えた。 The sensible horses stood―perfectly still, 大人しい馬二頭は立っていて、身じろぎもしなかった。 and the waggoner's steps sank fainter and fainter in the distance. そして御者の足音は、遠くにいくにつれ、どんどん聞こえなくなっていった。
The girl on the summit of the load sat motionless, 荷物のてっぺんにいる女は動かずに座っていたが、 surrounded by tables and chairs with their legs upwards, 周りにはテーブルや椅子がいくつもあって、脚を上に向けており、 backed by an oak settle, それはオークで出来たセトル(長椅子)で支えられており、 and ornamented in front by pots of geraniums, myrtles, and cactuses, その前には飾りとしてゼラニウム、ギンバイカ、サボテンの鉢があり、 together with a caged canary カゴに入ったカナリア一羽もいた。 ―all probably from the windows of the house just vacated. たぶん、引っ越しのため家にあったものを一切合財、運んできたのだろう。
There was also a cat in a willow basket, ヤナギで出来たカゴに入った猫もいた。 from the partly-opened lid of which カゴの蓋が少し開いていて、そこから she gazed with half-closed eyes, 猫は半分閉じた目で外を眺め、 and affectionately surveyed the small birds around. 周りにいる小鳥たちを愛情を込めて観察した。
This state of things (目的語が文頭に来ている)(このような状況を) I have thought it necessary to premise (私は "このような状況を" 前提とすることが必要だと思った) for the information of the general reader, (一般の読者の参考のために) WHO might be apt to forget, that, (その読者は、次のことを忘れがちだ) ALTHOUGH no great historical events, such as war or insurrection, mark the existence of the Anglo-Saxons as a separate people subsequent to the reign of William the Second; (ウィリアム2世の統治のあとにアングロサクソン人が単一の民族として存在がはっきりするきっかけに なるような、戦争や暴動などの大きな歴史的事件が起こらなかったが)
YET (although と yet が呼応) (しかし) the great national distinctions betwixt them and their conquerors,(アングロサクソン人と征服者とのあいだの民族的な区別と) the recollection of (aaa) what they had formerly been, (アングロサクソン人の元々の姿) and (bbb) to what they were now reduced, (今の姿) (アングロサクソン人の元々の姿と今の姿についての記憶は) continued down to the reign of Edward the Third, (エドワード3世の統治のときまで続いたのだ)
(xxx) to keep open the wounds which the Conquest had inflicted, (そしてその結果として、征服によって被った傷が開いたままになり) and (yyy) to maintain a line of separation betwixt the descendants of the victor Normans and the vanquished Saxons. (さらには、勝利者であるノルマン人の子孫と敗者であるサクソン人の分離線が維持されることになったのだ。
This state of things I have thought it necessary to premise for the information of the general reader, 以上のような状況について、私は一般の読者に参考として頂くため、物語の前提として述べておくことが必要と考えたのである。
who might be apt to forget, that, 読者はとかく忘れがちなのだが、 although no great historical events, such as war or insurrection, 戦争や暴動などという大きな歴史的事件によって mark the existence of the Anglo-Saxons as a separate people subsequent to the reign of William the Second; ウィリアム2世の治世以降にアングロサクソン人が単一の民族としての存在が明らかになってはいないのだが、
yet the great national distinctions betwixt them and their conquerors, 彼らとその征服者とのあいだの大きな民族的区別と、 the recollection of what they had formerly been, 彼らの元々の姿と and to what they were now reduced, 今の姿とについての思い出は、 continued down to the reign of Edward the Third, エドワード3世の統治の時代まで続いた。 to keep open the wounds which the Conquest had inflicted, そしてそのことによって、征服によって被った傷が開いたままになり、 and to maintain a line of separation betwixt the descendants of the victor Normans and the vanquished Saxons. 勝利者ノルマン人の子孫と敗者サクソン人がはっきりと分離されたままになったのである。
>>875の構文解析はほぼうまくいってると思うよ。 >>877が言いたいことだと思うけど、 the victor Normans と the vanquished Saxons は両方とも the descendants にかかる。 この箇所以外は間違いないように思う。
念のため言うと、最後の方の to keep open the wounds 〜 and to maintain 〜 は、文法的に説明すれば、 不定詞の副詞的用法のうちの「結果」を表すものと解される。 だから、「そしてその結果として〜」と訳したのは私見によればまったく正しい。 おそらく777はこの点がわかってなかった。
The human figures which completed this landscape, were in number two, partaking, in their dress and appearance, of that wild and rustic character, which belonged to the woodlands of the West-Riding of Yorkshire at that early period. The eldest of these men had a stern, savage, and wild aspect. His garment was of the simplest form imaginable, being a close jacket with sleeves, composed of the tanned skin of some animal, on which the hair had been originally left, but which had been worn off in so many places, that it would have been difficult to distinguish from the patches that remained, to what creature the fur had belonged.
This primeval vestment reached from the throat to the knees, and served at once all the usual purposes of body-clothing; there was no wider opening at the collar, than was necessary to admit the passage of the head, from which it may be inferred, that it was put on by slipping it over the head and shoulders, in the manner of a modern shirt, or ancient hauberk. Sandals, bound with thongs made of boars' hide, protected the feet, and a roll of thin leather was twined artificially round the legs, and, ascending above the calf, left the knees bare, like those of a Scottish Highlander.
To make the jacket sit yet more close to the body, it was gathered at the middle by a broad leathern belt, secured by a brass buckle; to one side of which was attached a sort of scrip, and to the other a ram's horn, accoutred with a mouthpiece, for the purpose of blowing. In the same belt was stuck one of those long, broad, sharp-pointed, and two-edged knives, with a buck's-horn handle, which were fabricated in the neighbourhood, and bore even at this early period the name of a Sheffield whittle. The man had no covering upon his head, which was only defended by his own thick hair, matted and twisted together, and scorched by the influence of the sun into a rusty dark-red colour, forming a contrast with the overgrown beard upon his cheeks, which was rather of a yellow or amber hue.
One part of his dress only remains, but it is too remarkable to be suppressed; it was a brass ring, resembling a dog's collar, but without any opening, and soldered fast round his neck, so loose as to form no impediment to his breathing, yet so tight as to be incapable of being removed, excepting by the use of the file. On this singular gorget was engraved, in Saxon characters, an inscription of the following purport:--"Gurth, the son of Beowulph, is the born thrall of Cedric of Rotherwood."
Chor. Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life; Whose misadventur'd piteous overthrows Doth with their death bury their parents' strife. The fearful passage of their death-mark'd love, And the continuance of their parents' rage, Which, but their children's end, naught could remove, Is now the two hours' traffic of our stage; The which if you with patient ears attend, What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. [Exit.]
CHORUS In the beautiful city of Verona, where our story takes place, a long-standing hatred between two families erupts into new violence, and citizens stain their hands with the blood of their fellow citizens. Two unlucky children of these enemy families become lovers and commit suicide. Their unfortunate deaths put an end to their parents' feud. For the next two hours, we will watch the story of their doomed love and their parents' anger, which nothing but the children’s deaths could stop. If you listen to us patiently, we’ll make up for everything we’ve left out in this prologue onstage. http://nfs.sparknotes.com/romeojuliet/page_2.html
Do, the quartos give Doth, which is justified by some on the grounds that it is the old southern plural in -eth, as in M. V. iii.2.33, "Where men enforced doth speak everything" (the reading of the first folio), by others as an instance of the singular verb where the sense of the subject is collective. The latter seems the more probable case here.
Romeo and Juliet の "Prologue" について、 僕なりに、拙い訳を連ねてみる。ただし、古語辞典などはほとんど引いていないので、 現代語の意味に引きずられた和訳をしてしまって、誤訳もあるだろうけど、まあ許してほしい。 あとで時間があれば、OED で一つ一つの単語の古い意味を調べなおしてみる。
Romeo and Juliet THE PROLOGUE Enter Chorus. Chor. Two households, both alike in dignity, コーラス:社会的地位の似た二つの家が In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, この芝居の舞台である美しいヴェローナで、 From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, 古来からの恨みから新しい暴力へと爆発し、(two households が主語で break が述語動詞) Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. そこでは、市民の血によって市民の手が汚される。 (続く)
(続く) From forth the fatal loins of these two foes 敵対するこの二家族の宿命的な腹から A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life; 呪われた運命にある二人の恋人たちが命をなげうつ。 Whose misadventur'd piteous overthrows 二人の不運で哀れな死にざまにより Doth with their death bury their parents' strife. 二人の親たちの敵対が終わりを告げる。 The fearful passage of their death-mark'd love, 二人の死にざまによって彩られた愛の恐ろしい顛末と And the continuance of their parents' rage, その親たちの怒りは Which, but their children's end, naught could remove, その二人の子供たちの命の終わり以外に、終わらせうるものは他になかったが、 Is now the two hours' traffic of our stage; そのことこそ、これから始まる二時間の芝居のテーマなのだ。 The which if you with patient ears attend, 辛抱強く聴けば、 What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. ここで聞き逃したことは、手前どもが努力して改めようぞ。
"Romeo and Juliet" の Prologue に出てくる気になる単語の意味を、今度は OED で 調べなおしてみる。
Chor. Two households, both alike in dignity,
dignity 1. a. The quality of being worthy or honourable; worthiness, worth, nobleness, excellence. ?c1225―1874(Show quotations) †b. The quality of being worthy of something; desert, merit. Obs. rare. 1548―1677(Show quotations) 2. a. Honourable or high estate, position, or estimation; honour; degree of estimation, rank. c1230―1891(Show quotations) =============
household(s) 現代英語訳につられて family (families) と解釈したけど、一応、この household の意味を OED で確かめておく。ただし、例文は Shakespeare の時代以前のものだけを 引用する。
household a. The inhabitants of a house considered collectively; a group of people (esp. a family) living together as a unit; a domestic establishment (including any servants, attendants, etc.).
1377–99 in W. G. Benham Oath Bk. Colchester (1907) 10 (MED), A custumer no schal nouȝt takyn of no man for non vitayles to his houshold. ?a1425 (▸c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 136 In on hous men maken x housholdes. ▸1440 Promp. Parv. (Harl. 221) 250 Howsholde, familia. 1529 T. More in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. (1880) 12 Be of good cheere, and take all the howsold with you to church. 1532 (▸c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxxxix, In to myne housholde hastely I wol that thou entre. 1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel tr. Caradoc Hist. Cambria 105 With all his children and houshold to be murthered.
forth の項目 9. a. forth of n. = out of prep. in various senses. Now only poet. or rhetorical, and only in lit. sense expressive of motion from within a place. In 16–17th c. occas. †from forth of. †forth of door(s , forth adoors: out of doors; see adoors adv. †forth of hand = out of hand, at once. (OED)
from forth of を使った例文 a1593 Marlowe Massacre at Paris (c1600) sig. D3, Ile..roote Valoys his line from forth of France.
上記の OED の定義とか例文を見て思うんだけど、"forth of" という言い回しがもともとあって、 それが "out of" という意味であって、それに from がくっついて "from forth of" という 熟語が "from out of" という意味で使われていたみたいだ。そして今回のこの Shakespeare の一節で出てくる "from forth" には of がついていない形が出てきている というわけだと推測する。
† star-crossed adj. Obs. thwarted by a malign star.
1597 Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet Prol. 6 A paire of starre-crost Louers tooke their life. 1600 T. Dekker Old Fortunatus sig. H1, The star-crost sonne of Fortunatus. 1962 C. Oman Mary of Modena v. 172 Abbé Armand Jean de Bouthillier de Rancé of La Trappe had, according to rumour, well known star-crost love before he suddenly renounced the world at the age of thirty-six. 1973 Alberta Hist. Rev. Winter 12/1 But if Uncle Charlie's first motivation was star-crossed love, his second was certainly horses. 1978 W. M. Spackman Armful of Warm Girl 18 She wailed in star-crossed despair. (OED) ===========
上記の例文に出てくる star-crossed love star-crossed lover(s) star-crossed despair こんな言葉は、今では死語になってるらしいけど、使ってみたいような言葉だ。まさに僕をかつて 壊滅させたものは、こういうものだった。
Forms: 15 misaduentur'd, 19– misadventured. Etymology: < misadventure n. + -ed suffix2. Compare Anglo-Norman, Old French mesaventuré unhappy.(ここに注意。古いフランス語にあるこの言葉から英語に直輸入されたらしい) Now arch. Unfortunate, hapless. In later use also: misguided.
1599 Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet Prol. 7 Whose misaduentur'd [1597 misaduentures] pittious ouerthrowes, Doth with their death burie their Parents strife. a1972 J. Garrigue Stud. for Actress (1973) 73 We clasp what we know, And as if it were dying, run to embrace Our life lying out there, misadventured, abstruse. 1995 W. Weaver tr. U. Eco Island of Day Before 337 Everything he had thought―and perhaps everything his misadventured fear had caused to happen, he the bearer of ill fortune. (OED Online)
death の項目 c. instrumental, with pa. pples., and parasynthetic, as death-begirt, death-dewed, death-divided, death-laden, death-marked, death-polluted, death-shadowed, death-sheeted, death-slain, death-winged, death-wounded, etc., adjs.
1597 Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet Prol. 9 The death-markt passage of their Parents rage. c1604 Charlemagne (1938) ii. 30 Haueng hys deathe slayne mistres in hys armes. 1623 P. Massinger Duke of Millaine v. ii. sig. L4v, Secrets that restore To life death wounded men. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems i. iii. xxi, Through the death-shadowed wood. 1787 M. Wollstonecraft Posthumous Wks. (1798) IV. 139 Those mansions, where death-divided friends should meet. 1809 Byron To Florence viii, The death-wing'd tempest's blast. 1817 Shelley Laon & Cythna x. xiii. 218 The death-polluted land. 1832 W. Motherwell Poems 12 The dark death-laden banner. a1839 Milman Good Friday in Wks. II. 336 By thy drooping death-dew'd brow. 1871 G. MacDonald Songs of Winter Days iii. iv, Death-sheeted figures, long and white. 1879 R. Browning Ivan Ivanovitch 30 Each village death-begirt. (OED Online)
traffic 3. fig. Intercourse, communication; dealings, business. Now rare.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccxl, The quotidiane entercourse, trafficke and commutacion, which no smal season had ben practised, frequented & excercised. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccxxxixv, That secreat trafficke, that thou haste with infidels. 1597 Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet Prol. 12 The death-markt passage of their Parents rage..Is now the two howres traffique of our Stage. (OED Online より。ただし、例文については、Shakespeare 以前のもののみを引用してある。)
一行目 The which if you with patient ears attend, これは、現代語訳に無理に訳すと If you listen to it with patient ears ということだろう。つまり、"the which" は現代英語の which という関係代名詞と 同じ。そして which という目的格の関係代名詞に関係する動詞は attend。 この文は、現代語の感覚では本当にわかりにくい。
二行目 What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. この miss はたぶん "be missing" という意味だろう。shall は will というふうに 置き換えて考えたらいいと僕は推測している。だからこれを直訳すると What will be missing here, our effort will strive to correct. つまり Our effort will work to correct anything that may be missing here (on the stage). という意味になるのだろう。そういうわけで、現代語訳にあるような、次のような意味になるのだろう。
>>923 What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend.
この miss を "be missing" と勝手に解釈しておいたけど、この単語の意味を OED で 確かめておく。
fail I. To go wrong. 1. intr. To go wrong, make a mistake, err. c. intr. To fail to hit or strike something aimed at. Also in fig. context. 3. intr. Of a person, a plan, etc.: to be unsuccessful, fail. Now rare. b. intr. Originally (with impersonal subject): to fail to happen or come about (now rare). †17. intr. To be lacking or wanting. Freq. with to (in Middle English with dative of person). Cf. missing adj. Obs. (OED Online)
この "the which" の意味は、現代語の which つまり目的格の関係代名詞と同じようなものだ ろうと推測したけど、これについても、OED で確かめておこう。下記の解説や例文を見ていると、 どうやら僕の推測はあたっていたらしい。
13. the which n. arch. b. as pron. (a) = 7.
1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 1127 Wo & wikkede paine, Þe whiche þe heie godus haten. 1461 C. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 199 Desieryng to herre of ȝoure welfare and good prosperité, the qwyche [sic] I pray God encresse. 1510 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 69 If the whiche shuld contynewe..your seid Towne..shall wexe empty. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Gal. v. 21 The dedes of the flesshe..off the which I tell you before, as I have tolde you in tyme past. 1590 Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A8, Sweet slombring deaw, the which to sleep them biddes. 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 36 He told too, the which I had almost forgot, how Diabolus had put the Town of Mansoul into Arms. 1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Paradiso xxii. 146 [This world] o'er the which we stride So fiercely. 1884 Tennyson Becket Prol., He holp the King to break down our castles, for the which I hate him. (OED Online)
For of those whom you see insolently and shamelessly insulting the servants of Christ, there are numbers who would not have escaped that destruction and slaughter had they not pretended that they themselves were Christ's servants. Yet now, in ungrateful pride and most impious madness, and at the risk of being punished in everlasting darkness, they perversely oppose that name under which they fraudulently protected themselves for the sake of enjoying the light of this brief life.
>>930 僕は、宗教を信じる人間じゃないけど、宗教を大事にする人たちがどう考えているのかを想像しながら その人たちの文章を読むことに意義があると思うので、「神の国」も、いずれは読みたいとは思う。 というわけで、この一節も訳してみよう。 ============ For of those whom you see insolently and shamelessly insulting the servants of Christ, というのも、キリストの僕(しもべ)に無礼でひどい侮辱を与えている人の中にも、 there are numbers who would not have escaped that destruction and slaughter had they not pretended that they themselves were Christ's servants. キリストの僕のふりをしなかったらあの滅亡と虐殺を逃れられなかった者もたくさんいる。
Yet now, in ungrateful pride and most impious madness, しかし今となって、恩知らずに傲慢に振る舞い、不信心によってこの上もない狂気の中にいて、 and at the risk of being punished in everlasting darkness, しかも際限のない暗闇の中で罰せられる危険を冒しながら、 they perversely oppose that name under which they fraudulently protected themselves for the sake of enjoying the light of this brief life. このはかない人生の光明を享楽するために不当に自分を守るにあたって礎(いしずえ)にしている その御名に対して強情にも反駁しているのだ。
>>927 そうかあ。>>926 に出てくる昔の英語における "the which" っていうような言い回しは、 フランス語の lequel を英語に直訳しただけだったのかあ。それで疑問が氷解。さすが安藤貞雄。 そこで安藤貞雄の「現代英文法講義」の関係詞のところを二度も見返したけど、それについては 書いていない。英太郎さんがその lequel について書いてある一節を見つけたのは、 安藤貞雄の別の本なんだね。
The handsome girl waited for some time idly in her place, きりっとしたその女は、そこを動かず何もせず、しばらく待った。 and the only sound heard in the stillness was 静けさの中で聞こえたのはただ、 the hopping of the canary up and down the perches of its prison. 牢獄の中の止まり木を上り下りする音だけだった。 Then she looked attentively downwards. そして女は、じっくりと下の方を見た。 It was not at the bird, nor at the cat; 見ていたのは、鳥でもなく猫でもなく、 it was at an oblong package tied in paper, and lying between them. 鳥と猫のあいだにある紙に包まれた長方形の包みだった。 (続く)
(続き) She turned her head to learn if the waggoner were coming. 女は振り返って、御者が戻ってきているかどうか確かめた。(訳注:ここで was ではなく were になっていることに注意したい。) He was not yet in sight; 御者の姿は、まだ見えなかったので、 and her eyes crept back to the package, 女はさっきの包みの方に視線を戻したが、 her thoughts seeming to run upon what was inside it. その中身に思いを巡らしているようであった。 At length she drew the article into her lap, やっと女は包みを膝の方に引き寄せ、 and untied the paper covering; 包み紙をほどいたが、 a small swing looking-glass was disclosed, 吊り下げ式の小さな姿見が出てきて、 in which she proceeded to survey herself attentively. 鏡に映る自分の姿をじっくりと見始めた。 She parted her lips and smiled. 女は、唇を開いて微笑んだ。
It was a fine morning, 晴れた朝だった。 and the sun lighted up to a scarlet glow the crimson jacket she wore, 日に照らされて、着ていた深紅のジャケットが緋色に輝き、 and painted a soft lustre upon her bright face and dark hair. 女の輝いた顔と黒い髪に柔らかなつやを施していた。 The myrtles, geraniums, and cactuses packed around her 女の周りをぎっしり取り巻いているギンバイカ、ゼラニウム、サボテンは were fresh and green, 新鮮で青々とし、 and at such a leafless season このような緑の少ない季節に they invested the whole concern of horses, waggon, furniture, and girl こういう植物があると、馬、御者、家具、そして女からなるこの一団に with a peculiar vernal charm. 春めいた魅力が加わっていた。 (続く)
(続きだよん) What possessed her to indulge in such a performance in the sight of the sparrows, blackbirds, and unperceived farmer who were alone its spectators, 雀とクロウタドリと(それから女は気づいてこそいなかったが彼女を見ていた)農民だけに見られていたのに、 なぜ女は鏡に映った自分を見つめる気になったのか。 ―whether the smile began as a factitious one, to test her capacity in that art, さっきの微笑みが見せかけで、どれくらい巧みに微笑できるかを試していただけなのかどうか。 ―nobody knows; それは、誰にもわからない。 it ended certainly in a real smile. 確かにそれは、本物の微笑に終わっていた。 She blushed at herself, 女は、一人で赤面したが、 and seeing her reflection blush, 鏡に映る自分の顔が赤らんだのを見て、 blushed the more. 余計に顔を赤らめた。
The change from the customary spot and necessary occasion of such an act ―from the dressing hour in a bedroom to a time of travelling out of doors 寝室での着替えの時間から屋外に出る時間まで、 そういう仕草をする普通の場所やそうする必要のある場所柄からかけ離れているので、 ―lent to the idle deed a novelty it did not intrinsically possess. このような仕草が本来とは違って珍しく見えたのだ。 The picture was a delicate one. その光景は、微妙だった。 Woman's prescriptive infirmity had stalked into the sunlight, 一般に女がそうあるべきだと思われている弱さが日なたに忍び寄ってきていたが、 which had clothed it in the freshness of an originality. その日光によって、その弱さを新鮮で独自な雰囲気で包んでいたのだ。 A cynical inference was irresistible by Gabriel Oak as he regarded the scene, その様子を見たとき、ゲイブリエル=オークは皮肉な結論を出さないではいられなかった。 generous though he fain would have been. そういうことは大目に見たかっただろうけれどもである。 There was no necessity whatever for her looking in the glass. というのも、女が鏡を覗き込む必要はまったくなかったのだ。 She did not adjust her hat, 帽子を直したわけでもなく、 or pat her hair, 髪を整えたわけでもなく、 or press a dimple into shape, えくぼを作ったわけでもないし、 or do one thing to signify that any such intention had been her motive in taking up the glass. 鏡を取り上げる理由になるようなことを一つもしなかったのだ。
She simply observed herself as a fair product of Nature in the feminine kind, 女はただ、女性として自然界での麗しい存在だと自認しただけであり、 her thoughts seeming to glide into far-off though likely dramas in which men would play a part―vistas of probable triumphs― 男が出演するような、起こりそうとはいえ今の現実からは遠く離れたドラマ(自分が勝利を収めそうな展望)に自分の考えが滑り込んでいき、 the smiles being of a phase suggesting that hearts were imagined as lost and won. さっきの微笑は、愛を失ったり勝ち取ったりする段階のもののように見えた。 Still, this was but conjecture, それでも、これはただの推測でしかなく、 and the whole series of actions was so idly put forth 一連の仕草はすべてぼんやりと行われたもので、 as to make it rash to assert that intention had any part in them at all. そこに意図があったと言い張るのは軽率だった。 The waggoner's steps were heard returning. 御者の戻ってくる足音が聞こえてきた。 She put the glass in the paper, and the whole again into its place. 女は鏡を紙で包み直し、すべてを元の場所に戻した。
When the waggon had passed on, 荷馬車が走り去ったが、 Gabriel withdrew from his point of espial, 様子を伺っていたその場所からゲイブリエルは引き下がり、 and descending into the road, 道路に降り立ち followed the vehicle to the turnpike 通行料の徴収所まで馬車のあとをついていった。 -gate some way beyond the bottom of the hill, 徴収所は、丘のふもとから少し向こうの方にあり、 where the object of his contemplation now halted for the payment of toll. 彼が見ていた相手は、今そこで、通行料を支払うよう止められていたのだ。 About twenty steps still remained between him and the gate, ゲイブリエルと徴収所のあいだには、まだ20歩ほどあったが、 when he heard a dispute. 言い争いの声が聞こえた。 It was a difference concerning twopence between the persons with the waggon and the man at the toll-bar. 口論は、馬車に乗っている二人と徴収所の男との、2ペンスをめぐるものだった。 "Mis'ess's niece is upon the top of the things, 馬車のてっぺんにいるのは、奥様の姪なんだぜ。 and she says that's enough that I've offered ye, you great miser, そんでお嬢さんはさっき払った金だけで十分だとおっしゃるんだよ。ケチだな、お前は。 and she won't pay any more." だからもう払わねえっておっしゃるんだよ」 These were the waggoner's words. そう御者は言っていた。
"Very well; then mis'ess's niece can't pass," 「わかった。そんじゃ、奥様の姪ごさんは通ってもらうわけにはいかない」 said the turnpike-keeper, closing the gate. 徴収所の男はそう言って、ゲートを占めた。 Oak looked from one to the other of the disputants, オークは、言い争う双方を互い違いに見て、 and fell into a reverie. 空想を始めた。 There was something in the tone of twopence remarkably insignificant. 2ペンスという言葉の響きには、実に下らないものがあった。 Threepence had a definite value as money 3ペンスなら金としての値打ちが確かにあった。 ―it was an appreciable infringement on a day's wages, (一日の賃金に対してかなりの違反だったので and, as such, a higgling matter; 駆け引きの問題だったのだ。 but twopence― しかし2ペンスとなると. . . .) (続く)
(続き) "Here," he said, 「ほら」とガブリエルは言って、 stepping forward and handing twopence to the gatekeeper; 一歩前に出て、2ペンスを徴収所の男に手渡した。 "let the young woman pass." 「お嬢さんを通してやれよ」 He looked up at her then; そのとき彼は女を見上げた。 she heard his words, 女は彼の言っていることを聞き、 and looked down. 視線を下に向けた。
Gabriel's features adhered throughout their form ゲイブリエルの目鼻立ちはその形全体が so exactly to the middle line between the beauty of St. John and the ugliness of Judas Iscariot, as represented in a window of the church he attended, 通っていた教会の窓の絵に描いてある聖ヨハネの美貌とイスカリオテのユダの醜い容貌のあいだの中間にあまりにもぴったりだったので、 that not a single lineament could be 顔立ちの特徴の一つたりとも selected and called worthy either of distinction or notoriety. 際立っているとか醜いとかは言えないものだった。 The red-jacketed and dark-haired maiden seemed to think so too, 赤いジャケットを着た黒髪の乙女もそう思っていたようだった。 for she carelessly glanced over him, というのも、ゲイブリエルを意に介さない様子で眺めたあと、 and told her man to drive on. 馬車を進めるよう言ったからだ。 She might have looked her thanks to Gabriel on a minute scale, ほんのわずかだけゲイブリエルに感謝の気持ちを表情に表したかもしれないが、 but she did not speak them; 口にはしなかった。 more probably she felt none, おそらくは、感謝の気持ちなどまるで持ってなかったろう。 for in gaining her a passage he had lost her her point, というのも、女を通してあげるとき、彼は女のポイントを失ってしまっていたからだ。 (訳注:"lost her her point" の意味がわかりませんが、時間と気力があればあとで調べます。) and we know how women take a favour of that kind. 人からのそのような親切を受けるときの女性の態度については、われわれは知っている。
The gatekeeper surveyed the retreating vehicle. 徴収所の男は、過ぎ去っていく馬車を眺めた。 "That's a handsome maid," he said to Oak. 「きりっとした女だな」と男はオークに言った。 "But she has her faults," said Gabriel. 「欠点があるけどね」ゲイブリエルは言った。 "True, farmer." 「そうだな」 "And the greatest of them is―well, what it is always." 「一番大きな欠点はだな、いつものあれさ」 "Beating people down? ay, 'tis so." 「人の心をくじくってやつか?ああ、その通りだな」 "O no." 「いや」 "What, then?" 「じゃあ、なんだい?」 Gabriel, perhaps a little piqued by the comely traveller's indifference, ゲイブリエルは、よそから旅をしてきた美女から無関心な態度を見せられて少し気を悪くしたのかもしれないが、 glanced back to where he had witnessed her performance over the hedge, 女の様子を見届けたときの例の場所を垣根越しに再びチラッと目を向けて、 and said, "Vanity." 言った。「うぬぼれさ」
CHAPTER II NIGHT―THE FLOCK―AN INTERIOR―ANOTHER INTERIOR 夜 -- ヒツジの群れ -- 家の中 -- 家の中の別の場所 It was nearly midnight on the eve of St. Thomas's, 聖トマスの前日の真夜中近い時刻だったが、 the shortest day in the year. その日は、一年中で昼の時間が最も短い日だ。 A desolating wind wandered from the north over the hill 寂しい風が、北から丘を越えてさまよってきたが、 whereon Oak had watched the yellow waggon and its occupant その丘の上で、オークは黄色い荷馬車と例の女を in the sunshine of a few days earlier. 数日前の日差しの中で見届けたばかりなのだった。 Norcombe Hill ニューコンブ=ヒルという丘は ―not far from lonely Toller-Down― トラー=ダウンという寂しい丘陵地帯から遠くはないのだが、 was one of the spots which suggest to a passer-by そこを通りかかると、 that he is in the presence of a shape approaching the indestructible as nearly as any to be found on earth. 地上のどんなものよりも不滅に近い形のもののそばにいるのだと感じられるような場所だった。 It was a featureless convexity of chalk and soil 白亜と土でできた平凡な凸面であり、 ―an ordinary specimen of those smoothly-outlined protuberances of the globe which may remain undisturbed on some great day of confusion, when far grander heights and dizzy granite precipices topple down. はるかに高い場所や花崗岩でできためまいがするような崖が倒れそうに前に傾いているときに、 何らかの大混乱の日にも身じろぎもしないでいるかもしれないような地球の、輪郭の滑らかな隆起の普通の例なのだ。
The hill was covered on its northern side 丘の北側を覆っていたのは、 by an ancient and decaying plantation of beeches, 大昔にできて今では衰退しかけているブナの植林地であり、 whose upper verge formed a line over the crest, ブナの上端は頂上の線を描いており、 fringing its arched curve against the sky, そのアーチ型の曲線は空を背景にして縁取りしており、 like a mane. 馬のたてがみのように見えた。 To-night these trees 今夜は、これらの木が sheltered the southern slope from the keenest blasts, 南の斜面を厳しい突風から守っていた。 which smote the wood and floundered through it この突風は森にぶち当たり、樹木のあいだをもがき、 with a sound as of grumbling, ゴロゴロというような音を立てたり、 or gushed over its crowning boughs in a weakened moan. 森にかぶさっている大枝の上を吹きすさび、かすかにうめき声を上げるのだった。 (続き)
(続き) The dry leaves in the ditch 溝にはまり込んだ乾いた木の葉は、 simmered and boiled in the same breezes, 同じそよ風の中で煮えては沸騰し、 a tongue of air occasionally ferreting out a few, 空気で出来た舌が、動物を何匹か狩り出したり and sending them spinning across the grass. 草地の向こうへ追い出すこともあった。 A group or two of the latest in date amongst the dead multitude 動物の死骸の群れのうち、最近になって死んだばかりの動物が一群か二群、 had remained till this very mid-winter time on the twigs which bore them この真冬のときまで小枝にぶらさがっていたが、 and in falling rattled against the trunks with smart taps. 死骸が落ちる時に、木の幹に当たって強烈な音を立てるのだった。
b. to take the life of : to deprive of life, to kill. Also, to take one's (own) life : to kill oneself, commit suicide.
[a1400 Cursor M. 25831 His lijf þan sal be fra him tane. 1490 Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xii. 306, I praye you..that yourselfe wyl take the liff fro me, and cut of my hede.] a1616 Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iii. i. 22 Thou layd'st a Trap to take my Life. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. xi. 174 You imagine, perhaps, that a contempt for your own life, gives you a right to take that of another. 1847 Tennyson Princess v. 397 Take not his life: he risk'd it for my own. 1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xv. 211 It was not a question of taking one's life―she would never kill herself. 1965 Amer. Speech 40 301 This person may indeed take his own life. 1981 Daily Tel. 18 June 19/2 A note left by them made it clear that they wanted to take their own lives and also wished to be buried in the same grave. (OED Online)
以上のように、やはり take their life は、Shakespeare の時代でも現代でも、commit suicide という意味のようです。
Between this half-wooded half-naked hill, 半分が森で半分が裸のこの丘と and the vague still horizon that its summit indistinctly commanded, その頂上からかすかに見えるぼんやりした静かな水平線とのあいだには、 was a mysterious sheet of fathomless shade 底なしの影が神秘的な紙のように広がっていて、 ―the sounds from which suggested そこから聞こえる音を聞いていると that what it concealed bore some reduced resemblance to features here. そこに隠れている場所がここの地形にはあまり似ていないということが伺えた。 The thin grasses, まばらに生えている草は more or less coating the hill, 多かれ少なかれ丘を覆っているが、その草には were touched by the wind in breezes of differing powers, 強めの風やそよ風が吹き、 and almost of differing natures いろいろな性質のものがあった。 ―one rubbing the blades heavily, 一陣の風は葉を強くこすり、 another raking them piercingly, 別の風は穴のあくほどかき上げ、 another brushing them like a soft broom. さらに別の風は、柔らかなほうきのように撫でるのだった。
>>961 それについては、確かに僕もそう思った。しかし依然として take the life of. . . take one's (own) life が Shakespeare の時代にも kill somebody, kill oneself という意味で使われていた とはっきり書いてあり、それ以外の記述が今のところは見つかっていません。
さらに、その部分の From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life; というところの前半は、 [Being] from forth the fatal loins of these two foes, とか [Having been born] from forth the fatal loins of these two foes, というふうに解釈すれば、一応は意味がつながるものと思います。いずれにしても、 Shakespeare をまだ読みなれておらず、そしてその他のこの時代の文献をたくさん読んできた わけでもない僕がこれについて云々するわけにはいきません。何でも偉い学者に任せればいいとは 思いませんが、同時に、ろくに知りもしないことについて証拠もなくああだこうだと言うのもおかしなこと だと思います。何かを推測するには、僕らの場合は必ずその証拠を、一応はたくさんの人から認められている 文献から見つけ出さないといけないと思います。
The instinctive act of humankind was to stand and listen, 人間は本能的に、立ち止まって耳をすまし、 and learn how the trees on the right and the trees on the left wailed or chaunted to each other in the regular antiphonies of a cathedral choir; 司教座聖堂の聖歌隊のような規則的な交唱をしながら、右側の樹木と左側の樹木が泣き叫び詠唱し、 how hedges and other shapes to leeward then caught the note, 風下にある垣根などが音色を捉え、 lowering it to the tenderest sob; 最高に優しくむせび泣くような音にまで下がる様子、 and how the hurrying gust then plunged into the south, そして急ぎ足の突風が南側に落ちていき、 to be heard no more. それっきり音をひそめてしまう様子のを知るのだ。
The sky was clear―remarkably clear 空には、雲がなかった。一つもなかった。 ―and the twinkling of all the stars そしてあらゆる星々のきらめきが seemed to be but throbs of one body, timed by a common pulse. 共通の脈動によってタイミングの合った、一つの天体の鼓動に過ぎないようにも見えた。 The North Star was directly in the wind's eye, 北極星は風の目の中に直に入っており、 and since evening the Bear had swung round it outwardly to the east, 夕方から大熊座がその外側を回って東に揺れて、 till he was now at a right angle with the meridian. 今では子午線と直角になっていた。 A difference of colour in the stars 星々の色の違いは、 ―oftener read of than seen in England― イングランドでは見ることが少なく、それについて説明を読むだけのことが多いのだが、 was really perceptible here. ここでは本当によく見えた。 The sovereign brilliancy of Sirius シリウスが最高に輝き、 pierced the eye with a steely glitter, 鋼(はがね)のようなきらめきで目に突き刺さった。 the star called Capella was yellow, カペラという星は黄色で、 Aldebaran and Betelgueux shone with a fiery red. アルデバランとベテルギウスは、燃えるような赤色で輝いていた。
>>963 【腹から】ときたら【生まれる】でしょ。 parents が give birth することに対して生まれる子供は take his/her life するわけ。 だからこの場合の take their life の第一義の意味は【生まれる】。 ただし、同時に【自殺】の意味を掛けているがそれは裏の意味。 裏の意味を表の意味として訳したらまずいでしょ。
To persons standing alone on a hill during a clear midnight such as this, このような雲一つない真夜中に丘の上に一人でたたずんでいると、 the roll of the world eastward is almost a palpable movement. 世界が東に回る動きは、ほぼはっきりわかる。 The sensation may be caused by the panoramic glide of the stars past earthly objects, その感覚は、地上のいろいろな物を星々がパノラマ的に滑ることによって起こる。 which is perceptible in a few minutes of stillness, このことは、数分だけじっとしているか、 or by the better outlook upon space that a hill affords, 丘の上の空間をもっとじっくり見るか、 or by the wind, or by the solitude; 風によるか、あるいは一人だけでいれば感じることができる。 but whatever be its origin, ただ、その開始点がどこであれ、 the impression of riding along is vivid and abiding. それに乗っかっているという印象は、鮮明で永続的である。
>>977 I understand what you said. I just asked you about text of English writing for beginner, but I will change my mind tonight, and write English sentences a lot as you said. Of course, some books also give me useful information and reading text books will be my pleasure steadily, I believe. Thank you for your advice, take care of yourself.
The poetry of motion is a phrase much in use, 「動きの優雅さ」という言葉は、よく使われる言葉であり、 and to enjoy the epic form of that gratification その喜びの持つ壮大な形態を楽しむには、 it is necessary to stand on a hill at a small hour of the night, 夜中過ぎに丘の上に立つことが必要だ。 and, having first expanded with a sense of difference from the mass of civilised mankind, who are dreamwrapt and disregardful of all such proceedings at this time, そのときには、この時刻に夢に包まれてそういう動きをすべて忘れ去っている文化的生活を送る 世間の人々とは違った感覚を持ってまずは心を大きく持ち、 long and quietly watch your stately progress through the stars. 星々の間を堂々と進む自分の様子を長時間にわたり静かに見守ることが必要だ。 After such a nocturnal reconnoitre そのような夜の偵察をしたあとは、 it is hard to get back to earth, and to believe that the consciousness of such majestic speeding is derived from a tiny human frame. 地上に戻って、そのような荘厳な急ぎ足についての意識が、ちっぽけな人間の枠から来ているとは信じがたくなるのだ。
>>979 I'm afraid you've missed my point. I didn't say that, to improve your English composition skills, you've got to simply write a lot. No, that's not what I said. What I said was, you should READ a tremendous lot AND THEN write a lot. If you don't read an awful lot until you're sick and tired of it, I don't think you'll learn to write well merely by reading guidebooks to those wishing to write well.
Trust me. There's no royal road to learning. You can't ever learn to write well simply by reading those famous how-to books. You've got to read and read and read, and then listen and listen and listen. In so doing, you'll learn a lot of phrases, English structures, idioms, words, and so on almost effortlessly. As I said before, if you really want to improve your writing skills, or brush up on any of your English skills for that matter, you should read more than dozens of books in English. You should aim to have read hundreds of books. I'm not kidding.
Suddenly an unexpected series of sounds 突然、思いがけない一連の音が began to be heard in this place up against the sky. この地から空に向けて聞こえ始めた。 They had a clearness which was to be found nowhere in the wind, その音は、どんな風にもないようなはっきりとしたものであり、 and a sequence which was to be found nowhere in nature. 自然界ではどこに行っても聞けないような連鎖の仕方をした音だった。 They were the notes of Farmer Oak's flute. 農民のオークが吹く横笛の音色だった。 The tune was not floating unhindered into the open air: 曲は、空に向けて障害なく漂っていたわけではない。 it seemed muffled in some way, 何らかの形でこもっているように聞こえ、 and was altogether too curtailed in power to spread high or wide. 力が完全に抑制されていて、高く遠く広がらなかった。 It came from the direction of a small dark object under the plantation hedge―a shepherd's hut― 曲は、大農園の垣根の下にある小さな暗いもの(つまり羊飼いの小屋)の方から聞こえてきた。 now presenting an outline to which an uninitiated person might have been puzzled to attach either meaning or use. 小屋の輪郭は今では、その小屋のことをよく知らない人がみたらそんなものがあることに意味が あるかどうかとか役に立つのかとかいうことがはっきりわからないかもしれないような状態になってしまっていた。
The image as a whole was that of a small Noah's Ark on a small Ararat, 小屋の姿全体は、小さなアララト山に載った小さなノアの箱舟の姿であり、 allowing the traditionary outlines and general form of the Ark which are followed by toy-makers― and by these means are established in men's imaginations among their firmest, because earliest impressions―to pass as an approximate pattern. 玩具職人が作り出す(そしてそれによって、幼少のときに芽生えたので最もしっかりした印象の 中での人間の空想の中に確立されている)箱舟の伝統的な輪郭や一般的な形が、だいたいの 形で通用してしまっているのである。 The hut stood on little wheels, 小屋はいくつかの小さな車輪に載っていたので、 which raised its floor about a foot from the ground. 小屋の床が地面から30センチほど上がっていた。 Such shepherds' huts are dragged into the fields when the lambing season comes on, 羊の繁殖期が来ると、こういう羊飼いの小屋は野原に引きずられていき、 to shelter the shepherd in his enforced nightly attendance. これにより、夜の羊番が強いられるときに羊飼いが夜露を凌ぐのだ。
It was only latterly ごく最近になってから that people had begun to call Gabriel "Farmer" Oak. 人から「農民の」ゲイブリエル=オークと言われるようになった。 During the twelvemonth preceding this time この一年間、 he had been enabled by sustained efforts of industry and chronic good spirits 継続的な努力と笑顔の絶えない性格のおかげで、 to lease the small sheep-farm of which Norcombe Hill was a portion, ノーコンブ・ヒルを含む小さな羊農場を借り受け、 and stock it with two hundred sheep. 200頭の羊を抱えることができたのだ。 Previously he had been a bailiff for a short time, オークは以前、農場管理人をほんのしばらくやったことがあり、 and earlier still a shepherd only, その前は羊飼い専門だった。 having from his childhood assisted his father in tending the flocks of large proprietors, till old Gabriel sank to rest. つまり、子供の時から父親が亡くなるまで、その手伝いで大規模所有者の持つ羊の群れの世話をしていたのだ。
This venture, unaided and alone, into the paths of farming as master and not as man, 手伝いも雇わずに一人で、使用人としてではなく独立自営で牧畜の道に入り、 with an advance of sheep not yet paid for, 羊の群れの代金はまだ未払いのままであったが、 was a critical juncture with Gabriel Oak, このようなことは、ゲイブリエル=オークにとってきわどいことであり、 and he recognised his position clearly. 彼はその立場をはっきりとわかっていた。 The first movement in his new progress was the lambing of his ewes, 新しい事業での最初のステップは雌羊に子を産ませることであり、 and sheep having been his speciality from his youth, 羊は彼にとって子供時代からの専門であるから、 he wisely refrained from deputing the task of tending them at this season to a hireling or a novice. 賢明にも、この時期に羊の世話を使用人や新米に任せるなどということはしなかった。
The wind continued to beat about the corners of the hut, 風が、小屋のあちこちの角あたりに吹き付けつづけたが、 but the flute-playing ceased. 横笛の曲はやんだ。 A rectangular space of light appeared in the side of the hut, 長方形の光が小屋の脇に現れ、 and in the opening the outline of Farmer Oak's figure. さらに、窓に農民オークの姿の輪郭が現れた。 He carried a lantern in his hand, 手にランタンを持ち、 and closing the door behind him, ドアを閉め、 came forward and busied himself about this nook of the field for nearly twenty minutes, 手前に歩いてきて、農園内のこの場所で20分近く何かに取り組んでいた。 the lantern light appearing and disappearing here and there, ランタンの灯はあちこちに現れては消え、 and brightening him or darkening him as he stood before or behind it. 彼がその前に立ったり後ろに回ったりするにつれ、彼の姿が明るくなったり暗くなったりした。
Oak's motions, though they had a quiet-energy, were slow, オークの動きには、静かな力はあったが、ゆっくりとしていて、 and their deliberateness accorded well with his occupation. 慎重な動きは彼の仕事によく合っていた。 Fitness being the basis of beauty, その場にぴったりの動きこそが美しさの元になるのだが、 nobody could have denied that his steady swings and turns in and about the flock had elements of grace. 羊の群れの中や周りで見せる安定した立ち居振る舞いから感じられる気品は、誰も否定できなかった。 Yet, although if occasion demanded とはいえ、状況に応じて he could do or think a thing with as mercurial a dash as can the men of towns who are more to the manner born, 生粋の都会人と同じくらい活発に行動したり考えたりすることもできたのだが、 his special power, morally, physically, and mentally, 彼の特別な力は、精神的にも肉体的にも知能の面でも、 was static, owing little or nothing to momentum as a rule. 静かであったが、それは原則として勢いのせいではほとんど、あるいはまったくなかった。
A close examination of the ground hereabout, このあたりの地面をじっくり調べてみると、 even by the wan starlight only, かすかな星の光だけを頼りにしたときでも、 revealed how a portion of what would have been casually called a wild slope 人の手がかかっていない坂だと軽く言われてきたものであっても、 had been appropriated by Farmer Oak for his great purpose this winter. この冬の大きな目的のために農民オークが整備していたということがわかった。 Detached hurdles thatched with straw 藁ぶきの個別の編み垣が were stuck into the ground at various scattered points, あちこちに点々と刺し込んであり、 amid and under which the whitish forms of his meek ewes moved and rustled. 編み垣のあいだや下には、オークの飼っているおとなしい雌羊の白っぽい姿が動き、カサカサと音を立てていた。 The ring of the sheep-bell, which had been silent during his absence, 羊の鈴は、彼のいないときには静かだったが、 recommenced, in tones that had more mellowness than clearness, 再び鳴り始め、その音色ははっきりしているというよりも柔らかな感じだった。 owing to an increasing growth of surrounding wool. というのも、体を包む羊毛が増えてきているからだ。
This continued till Oak withdrew again from the flock. 作業は、オークが羊の群れから出てくるまで続いた。 He returned to the hut, 彼は小屋に戻ってきたが、 bringing in his arms a new-born lamb, 両腕には生れたばかりの羊を抱えていた。 consisting of four legs large enough for a full-grown sheep, 脚は4本あり、脚の大きさは成熟した羊と同じくらいだったが、 united by a seemingly inconsiderable membrane 見たところ小さな膜でつながっていて、 about half the substance of the legs collectively, 膜の大きさは脚4本を合わせた大きさの半分くらいだった。 which constituted the animal's entire body just at present. そして、この4本脚こそ、今のところはこの羊の体全体だった。
The little speck of life he placed on a wisp of hay before the small stove, 一握りの干し草を、彼は小さな炉の前に置いたが、 where a can of milk was simmering. そこでは缶に入れた乳が、コトコトと沸いていた。 Oak extinguished the lantern by blowing into it and then pinching the snuff, オークは、ランタンの灯に息を吹きかけロウソクの芯をつかんで消したが、 the cot being lighted by a candle suspended by a twisted wire. 小屋の明かりとして、より線で吊ったロウソクが灯っていた。 A rather hard couch, 寝床はどちらかというと硬く、 formed of a few corn sacks thrown carelessly down, トウモロコシの袋をいくつか無造作にぶち込んで作ったもので、 covered half the floor of this little habitation, この寝床が小さな部屋の床の半分を占めていた。 and here the young man stretched himself along, ここで彼は体を伸ばし、 loosened his woollen cravat, 羊毛でできたクラバット(ネクタイの代わりとしてのスカーフ)をゆるめ、 and closed his eyes. 目を閉じた。 In about the time a person unaccustomed to bodily labour would have decided upon which side to lie, 肉体労働に慣れていなければ、体をどっちに向けようかここで決めるところだが、 Farmer Oak was asleep. 農民オークはすでに眠りに入っていた。
The inside of the hut, 小屋の中の様子が as it now presented itself, 今こそわかってきたが、 was cosy and alluring, 居心地がよく、 and the scarlet handful of fire in addition to the candle, ロウソクに加えて手の大きさの真っ赤な火が reflecting its own genial colour upon whatever it could reach, 穏やかな色で周囲を照らしており flung associations of enjoyment even over utensils and tools. 楽しい雰囲気を道具にさえ投げかけていた。 In the corner stood the sheep-crook, 隅っこには牧杖(ぼくじ)が立てかけてあり、 and along a shelf at one side were ranged 一方の棚には、 bottles and canisters of the simple preparations pertaining to ovine surgery and physic; 羊の手術に使う簡単な調合薬などの薬の入った瓶や缶、 spirits of wine, turpentine, tar, magnesia, ginger, and castor-oil being the chief. それからワイン、松やに、タール、マグネシア、しょうが、そしてひまし油が主に並んでいた。
On a triangular shelf across the corner 隅っこにある長方形の棚には、 stood bread, bacon, cheese, and a cup for ale or cider, パン、ベーコン、チーズ、それからエールやサイダーを入れるカップが1つ置いてあったが、 which was supplied from a flagon beneath. そういう飲み物は、下にある大型びんに入っていた。 Beside the provisions lay the flute, 食糧や道具の横には横笛が置いてあったが、 whose notes had lately been called forth by the lonely watcher to beguile a tedious hour. これを最近、夜空の星を眺めるときに彼は退屈を紛らすために外に持ち出したのだった。 The house was ventilated by two round holes, 家は二つの丸い穴で換気していたが、 like the lights of a ship's cabin, with wood slides. この穴は船室にある明かり窓に似ていて、さらに木でできた引き戸もついていた。
The lamb, revived by the warmth began to bleat, 羊は、温かくなって生き返り、メエメエ泣き始め、 and the sound entered Gabriel's ears and brain 泣き声はゲイブリエルの耳と頭に入り込み、 with an instant meaning, 彼は瞬時にその意味を察知した。 as expected sounds will. 聞こえてくるとわかっている音は、そういうものだ。 Passing from the profoundest sleep to the most alert wakefulness 最高に深い眠りからパッチリと目を覚ました状態まで戻るにあたっては、 with the same ease that had accompanied the reverse operation, その逆をいくときと同じくらい楽であったが、 he looked at his watch, 時計を見て、 found that the hour-hand had shifted again, 長い方の針がまた動いたということを確かめ、 put on his hat, 帽子をかぶり、 took the lamb in his arms, 羊を両腕に抱え、 and carried it into the darkness. 暗闇の中に進んで行った。 After placing the little creature with its mother, 子羊を母羊のところに戻してやったあと、 he stood and carefully examined the sky, 立ち止まって念入りに空の様子を見て、 to ascertain the time of night from the altitudes of the stars. 星々がどの高さにあるかということから、夜の時刻を確かめた。