Part1 In the early days of the automobile, many people did not think very highly of it. Farmers did not like it because it frightened their horses. They called it a "devil wagon." Others found that it was too noisy and too dangerous. When there is a new invention, it is often necessary to pass laws about it. One town in California passed a law that said, "A driver must stop his car when he sees a horse on the road three hundred feet ahead." In Vermont someone had to walk with a red flag to warn that it was coming. In Cincinnati, Ohio, and in San Francisco, California, the speed limit for cars was eight miles an hour in 1902. In many places, cars had to stay off the highways. Highways were only for horses. Today many people believe the automobile is a problem once again in different ways. They think we need more laws about cars.
↓ (In the early days of the automobile,) [many/people] [did not/think] (very highly of it). こんな感じで。5文型に関しては賛否両論ありますが、自分はまだ5文型で自身もって仕分け 出来ません。2年後の受験に向けてビジュアルやってみようと思いました。
誰か英文解釈してほしいです Other interactions that are then taken into account include those among pesticides applied in the same field,between pesticides and pests that may develop various types of resistance,and among pests themselves as regards the amount of damage they inflict.
To put a youth in the way of experiencing the best a liberal and elaborate education to the age of twenty-four or twenty-five is essential; at the end of which the need for leisure remains as great as ever, seeing that only in free and spacious circumustances can delicate and highly trained sensibilities survive.
Imagine the evolutionary advantage for a honeybee if it is able to communicate the location of an especially rich food source to its hivemates when it returns to the hive. 「蜜蜂が巣に帰った時、特に豊かな蜜源の在処を同じ巣の仲間に伝える事が出来たら、生存競争の上で有利である事を考えてご覧なさい」
解説ではこうなっていますが、if節が the evolutionary advantage for a honeybee という名詞句に掛かっている様にも思えますが、それで良いのでしょうか。 それとも、if 節は Imagine に掛かっているのだが、意訳をしていてこの様な訳になっているのでしょうか。 どうか教えて下さい。よろしくお願いいたします。
If 節が掛かっているのは the evolutionary advantage for a honeybee で間違いないと思いますよ。もしこの If 節が副詞節用法で Imagine に 掛かっているとするならば、 a honeybee を代名する If 節内の主語は one になります。これが形容詞節用法であるからこそ it で受けることが できるのです。この it はすなわち the honeybee であり、 the one と 代名させることもできます。
しかし、こういった文法的な探索方法を採らずとも、意味を考えて読みさ えすれば、この if 節が Imagine に掛かっていないことは明白であると 思います。
The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the seas could rise by 2100 anywhere from half a meter to two meters. Such a rise could result in widespread economic, environmental and social disruption.
Over 75 percent of the U.S. population lives within 100 miles of the beach. Could you imagine the consequences <that will occur> if sea levels indeed rise to projected levels?
Part1 In the early days of the automobile, many people did not think very highly of it. Farmers did not like it because it frightened their horses. They called it a "devil wagon." Others found that it was too noisy and too dangerous. When there is a new invention, it is often necessary to pass lawsabout it. One town in California passed a law that said, "A driver must stop his car when he sees a horse on the road three hundred feet ahead." In Vermont someone had to walk with a red flag to warn that it was coming. In Cincinnati, Ohio, and in San Francisco, California, the speed limit for cars was eight miles an hour in 1902. In many places, cars had to stay off the highways. Highways were only for horses. Today many people believe the automobile is a problem once again in different ways. They think we need more laws about cars.
Part2 Man has a big brain. He can think, learn and speak. Scientists used to think that men are different from animals because they can think and learn. They know now that animals-dogs, rats, birds, and even worms-can learn. So scientists are beginning to understand that men are different from animals because they can speak. Animals cannot speak. They make noises when they are afraid, or angry, or unhappy. Apes are our nearest cousins.They can understand some things more quickly than human beings, and one or two have learned a few words. But they are still different from us. They cannot join words and make sentences. They cannot think like us because they have no language. They can never think about the past or the future. Language is a wonderful thing. Man has been able to develop civilization because he has language. Every child can speak his own language very well when he is four or five-but no animal learns to speak. How do children learn? Scientists do not really know. What happens when we speak? Scientists do not know. They only know that man can speak because he has a big brain.
Part3 Light is very important because it helps us see things. With ligh we know what is happening at places far away. We can use light to turn night into day. We can use it to see very small things that make us sick, or to study distant stars. Light even shows us what is happening on the other side of the earth. It gives us pictures and movies of distant people and places. Without light, green plants on earth could not live. Without Plants, plant-eating animals could not live. Then meat-eating animals and man could not have any food. This is why light is very important to us. We should understand how it works
Part4 Winston Churchill, the famous British Prime Minister, often traveled, sometimes in his country and sometimes in other countries. He had a dog and he liked it very much. When he traveled inside his country on holiday, he always took it with him. When he traveled to do his work, he did not take it. And when he went to other countries, it was very difficult to take it, because there was a rule about dogs in England. All dogs which were brought into the country had to stay in some place for half a year. That was a rule. Though Churchill was Prime Minister, even his dog could not break it. When he traveled without his dog, Churchill made one of his servants bring it to the station to meet him. When he reached the station, the dog always ran to him and jumped on him. One day, Churchill was coming back from a trip. His servant who was traveling with him got out of the train just after him. When the dog came, he was standing beside Churchill. When this man was at home, he often gave food to the dog. So it ran to the servant and began jumping on him. Churchill was so fond of the dog that he felt a little sorry about it. But he said nothing. When they got home, he went to the servant and said, "May I ask something? Will you please stay in the train until I've said hello to my dog?"
Part5 The nightingale comes to England in April. He is a plain-looking bird. English people like this little bird very much. The name of this bird means a night-singing bird. The nightingale, however, sings in the daytime, too. But at night, when other birds are silent, people can hear his songs most clearly. So to the minds of most people, the nightingale is still a night-singing bird. The nightingale does not sing very long. He usually begins to sing about the middle of May, and after the second week in June people hear his voice no more. By this time he is very busy because he and his mate have babies and he must feed them. Summer passes. The nightingale goes away with his family to North Africa. He stays there and enjoys the warm sunshine until spring comes.
Part6 One Friday night it snowed a lot, and the next day Mr. Smith did not have to go to work. His young son Bobby had a new sledge, which he wanted very much to try out. There was a good slope in a park not far from the Smiths' house, which children often used for their sledges, so Mr. Smith said that he would take Bobby there in the car. They put the sledge in and went off. When they reached the park, they found that there were already a lot of boys there with their sledges. They were sliding down the slope at great speed, and then pulling their sledges up again. After a few minutes Mr. Smith noticed that there was one poorly-dressed little boy there who did not have a sledge. This boy made an old cardboard box flat, and was sliding down the slope on that. Mr. Smith felt very sorry for this poor boy, and decided to tell Bobby to lend him his sledge a few times. But before he could catch Bobby to speak to him, he was surprised-and delighted-to notice that several of the older boys in the park were lending the poor boy their sledges. Mr. Smith watched them carefully, and suddenly found that the bigger boys were not doing this because they felt sorry for the poor boy, but because they enjoyed riding on his cardboard box more than on their expensive sledges. They were waiting for a turn on the cardboard box which was made flat.
Part7 Benjamin Franklin, American statesman, printer, scientist, and writer, was born more than two hundred years ago in Boston, Massachusetts. When he was born in 1706, Massachusetts was still a colony. At that time candles were used for lights in houses and Franklin's father was a candle maker. Benjamin was the tenth son of seventeen children. When he was only ten years old he had to leave school to help his father. Benjamin worked in his father's candle shop, but he was not happy. So when he was thirteen his father made him help an older brother who was a printer and publisher. While he was working in his brother's shop, Franklin taught himself to be a writer. He learned to write so well that he often wrote something for his brother's newspaper. Then he left it secretly at night under the door of the printing shop. His brother found what Benjamin wrote, and published it without knowing it was Benjamin's work. Although Franklin was only a boy at the time, his writings were well liked by everyone who read them. Franklin liked the work in the printing shop, but he was not so friendly with his brother. When he was only seventeen, he set out to make his own way in the world. He went to New York, but as he could not find any work there he went on to Philadelphia. As Franklin had to walk part of the way he arrived in Philadelphia dirty, muddy, and very hungry. At a bakery shop he bought three loaves of bread and walked down the street. He ate one and carried one under each arm. A pretty young girl standing in an open door laughed at the stranger. She saw him carrying his clothes and eating his breakfast as he walked down the street. The girl's name was Deborah Reed. Later Franklin met and married her.
Part8 Men generally continue to use the study methods they used in college or high school. This is all very well if those methods are good. As a rule, students have to develop their own methods based on trial and error and perhaps some good advice from teachers. The schools require students to do a great deal of studying, but too often they neglect to teach students how to study. When a student fails, his failure is usually considered to come from the lack of effort or ability, but sometimes study methods make the difference between failure and success.
Part9 Mr. Jones was never friendly to anyone. He never laughed or smiled. So his family was not happy, and the shopkeeper he worked for didn't like him. At last he lost his job.Mr. Jones went to the gate of a parking lot and said, "Can I get a job here?" "Yes," said the man at the gate. "We need another an to take money from the drivers." "I'll take the job," said Mr. Jones without a smile. "There's one thing you mustn't forget," said the man. "You must say 'thank you' when you take the money." "Thank you ! " cried Mr.Jones. "Why should I thank them? The drivers should say 'thank you' to me." "If you want the job, you must say it," said the man.The next day Mr.Jones started his new job. The first car came up, and the driver gave him the money. It was very hard for Mr. Jones to say 'thank you', so he said the words in a very small voice. When the driver heard that, he smiled. Another driver came, and Mr. Jones did the same thing. Again, the driver smiled. Then Mr. Jones began to look for smiles from the drivers. On that day he said it more than a hundred times.After the day's work he came home. His wife opened the door. Thank you," he said. His little boy came up to him. "Thank you," he said with a big smile. Mrs. Jones was so surprised that she fell into the nearest chair. "My new job is better than any I have ever had," he said to his wife. "It has changed me very much."
Part10 I was seven when my father took my mother and me out of the village in England. He had a small shop there, but his uncle who lived in New York asked him to come and help him in his big store there. My father was young then and decided to leave England and start a new life in a different country. Our life in a new country was a happy one. But it was difficult for my father to forget the village in his old country. When he grew old, he often said, "My parents sleep in the yard of the church there. I will visit it one day." But last autumn he became very sick and died. I thought he was sorry he could not fulfill his wish. So this summer I flew to the land of my birth to fulfill it. I hired a car in London and drove for about five hours. But when I thought I was quite near the village I came to a lake. I tried another road. Again I came to the lake. I didn't know what to do because I could not find it on the map I had with me. Just then an old man came along in an old car. I stopped it and asked him the way to the village. He said, "There's no village now. It went under water last summer." And he pointed to the lake. I understood everything. It was a man-made lake.
Imagine the evolutionary advantage for a honeybee if it is able to 〜 ↑ Imagine it is an evolutionary advantage for a honeybee if it is able to 〜
if〜は名詞句the evolutionary advantage for a honeybee を修飾しているが、内容的には it is evolutionary advantage for a honeybeeという節を修飾している。
下のAと同じ形 @Imagine what life would be like if it were not for electricity. ↓ AImagine life if it were not for electricity. B=Imagine life without electricity.
44ページの3.2.9で A slender acquaintance with the world, must convince every man, that actions, not words, are the true standard of judging the attachment of friends. と言う例文のworldの後に何でコンマがあるんですか。 伊藤先生の言う「主語と動詞の結びつき」と言う観点からすると こんな場所(主語と動詞の間)にコンマがあるのはおかしくないですか?
Part 11 In ancient Rome, rich families had a special cake which was used only in wedding ceremonies. At one point in the ceremony, the guests broke the cake over the bride's head. This symbolized their wish for a life of wealth and happiness for the young couple. Then each guest would run for the crumbs of the cake to take home with them. This would then bring each guest the same wealth and happiness. This piece of wedding cake was also supposed to have romantic powers as well, for if an unmarried woman slept with a piece of it under her pillow, she was "sure" to dream of her future husband. Today, after the bride and groom cut their wedding cake, they usually serve it to their guests or give them a piece to take home. This is a custom that has developed from the early practices of ancient weddings. Wedding cakes probably began in Europe when each guest brought a spiced bun to a wedding. These buns were piled up on a table, and the bride and groom had to lean over the pile and try to kiss each other. This was a symbol of good luck if they were able to do it. Then some clever chef probably thought of the idea of making one large cake out of all the little buns, giving us our big wedding cakes of today.
Part12 I once knew a man who had a very bad memory. Richard Rudd was so forgetful that he sometimes forgot what he was talking about in the middle of a sentence. Usually, his wife had to tell him about his promises to meet persons, his classes even his meals. Because Rudd was a professor at a famous university, his bad memory was a trouble, and he couldn't be good friends with some of the other professors. Some people who didn't like him thought he was stupid. But he wasn't so. He was just very, very forgetful. One hot summer's day, professor Rudd decided to take his children to the beach. The seaside town he was going to visit was about a three-hour train ride away. To make the trip more interesting for his young children, he kept the name of the town a secret. Unfortunately, on their way to the station the poor forgetful man forgot the name of the town they were going to visit. Fortunately, a friend of his happened to be in the station. He said he could take care of the children while Rudd went back home to find out where he was going. The professor's wife was surprised to see him again so soon, but she laughed when she heard why he came back. She didn't believe his memory, so she wrote the name of the town on a piece of paper. She gave it to him. She was happy because she could help his husband, and she sent him off again. Ten minutes later she was surprised to see him outside the house again. Why did he come back again?
Part13 There are a few general principles that apply to all the kinds of teaching. The first principle is that the teacher should be clear. Whatever you are teaching, teach clearly. Discover what your students do not know and then try to explain it to them in a way that everyone will understand. Use many examples and illustrations. Allow enough time for discussion. A good pupil is seldom silent. Patience is the second principle. Nothing worth learning can be learned quickly. Real teaching is not just giving information. It involves a conversion, an actual change in the pupil's mind, and this does not happen quickly. Lessons should be carefully planned and plenty of time allowed for repetition and review. Emotion should be controlled. Whenever we become too emotional as teachers, we are forgetting that conscious reason is what makes us men and not animals. The third principle is responsibility. Anyone who teaches should realize that it is a serious matter to guide another person's life.
Part14 Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer them. I just had one of my teeth pulled out the other day and was told to rest for ]a while. I tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton-wool. My dentist knew that I collected birds' eggs and asked me whether my collection was growing. He then asked me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job. In answering these questions, I either nodded or made strange sounds. Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. I suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything. When the dentist at last removed the cotton-wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had drawn out the wrong tooth.
Part15 How difficult it is not to make excuses when we fail, or lose in a game ! When we fail, or lose, our pride has been injured. It is hard to admit to other people, "Yes, I did something very stupid there," or "Yes, you played much better than I did." When we are small children, we cry when we lose, and shout with joy when we win. In British education, one of the first pieces of discipline for very small children is to teach them to control this. When we lose, we must not show our grief and anger, but we must congratulate the winner ; when we win we must not yell "I've won f" but we have to say, "I was lucky." It is quite difficult to do it. I can remember always losing to my elder brothers at our little football games - because they were much bigger. I used to get furiously angry because I could not win, and then if I still could not win in spite of trying with all my strength, I used to cry. Our parents told my elder brothers to let me win sometimes, but they did not do it very often. I was not allowed to cry, however. So if I lost repeatedly, I used to run round the corner away from the garden, where I could cry without anyone seeing it.
Part16 Peter is worried about his son, Eddie. Eddie spends most of his free time in front of the TV set. Peter thinks children should get outside and play --- both for the physical exercise it provides and for the chance it gives them to learn about getting along with other children. Peter remembers when he was a child and how he used to use his imagination to create all sorts of fun game s. He has. also become more anxious about his son's TV watching after reading several fearful reports about violence in television programs and its bad effects on children. He has made indirect remarks to his son, suggesting that it might be more fun to go outside and play or to read an exciting adventure story. But Eddie has not caught the hint, or, if he has, he is giving no attention to it. One evening Peter talks to his wife Carol. He thinks they should make some rules to limit Eddie's TV watching. Carol points out that he sets a bad example for his son by spending late evenings and many Sundays watching old movies or sports programs. Also, some of the sports programs, like boxing or wrestling, are very violent. Carol feels. Eddie regularly sees his father's TV viewing behavior. Carol thinks, therefore, that it would be unfair to make their son follow the rules if her husband does not first of all change his habits. She says that would be hypocritical and would weaken their son's respect for them.
Part17 Many scientists and economists believe that food production will not keep up with population growth. No one knows how many people the earth can support, but many .people believe that the world will soon be overpopulated there will be more people than the earth can support. For many years, the world population increased slowly. Because of poor health care, death rates were very high. Then, during the eighteenth century, living conditions began to improve and people learned to control many diseases. As a result, the death rate began to drop and the population grew quickly. Certainly, if the population continues to grow at its present rate, the world population will double in thirty-five years. Many people believe that such a high population would cause hunger, wars, and other disasters. However, others feel that the world could support a much larger population if its resources (food, energy, land) were distributed equally. Some believe that increased food production and technological improvements will solve the problem.
Part18 We all agree that the aim of education is to fit the child for life ; however, there are as many opinions as to how that fitting is to be done as there are men to hold them. For example, fully half of our teachers cannot see that imagination is the root of all civilization. Like love, imagination may very fairly be said to 'make the world go round,' but, as it works out of sight, it is given very little credit for what it performs.
*608 Present supplies of fruit are short of requirements. 現在における果物の供給は需要に及ばない。
これも一目瞭然の間違いです。「需要と供給」と言えば、supply and demand(訳語の順とは逆)の訳だということは、ちょっとでも英語にくわしい人なら「常識」として知っていると思います。それなのにこの本では「需要」をrequirementsとしているのです。 それだけでもおどろきですが、誤りはほかにもあります。少しだけ微妙な点になりますが、608の英文は、
The present supply of fruit doesn't meet the demand.
というように書き換える必要があります。supplyとdemandを複数にする必要はないのです。そして定冠詞が必要です。こうしたことが連なって、もとの文章はほとんど意味不明になっています。 それにしても、supply and demandを知らない人が、模範として覚えるための英文を書いていると言うのは恐ろしいことです。(引用続く
*448 The paint on the seat on which you are sitting is still wet. 君の座っている腰掛のペンキはまだ塗りたてだよ。 ⇒訳は確かに会話だが、英文はいやにもったいぶって、on whichなどという、こんな状況では出てくるはずのない堅苦しい言い方が使ってある。 *453 The house whose roof you see beyond the bank is Mr. Suzuki's. 土手の向こうに屋根が見えるのが鈴木君の家です。 ⇒明らかに会話の文章と思われる英文にwhoseが出てくるのはあまりに不自然。 448と453の例文の載っているページは特にひどい例文が多く、12の英文のほとんどが関係代名詞をむりやり使っている。一人のアメリカ人は12の文のうち自然に読めるのは455の一つだけだと言った。
*45 As it is cold, you may keep your overcoat on. 寒いからオーバーを着ていてもかまいません。 ⇒英語は尊大な感じがするのに、訳文は物柔らかな調子。 *118 Excuse me for interrupting. I have something to to tell you. じゃまをしてすまない。ちょっと話があるのだ。 ⇒英文はぶっきらぼうで奇妙。 *203 Happy is the child who has such a mother. こういう母親を持っている子供は幸福である。 ⇒訳文は現代語の書き言葉なのに、英文はとてつもなく古風で、芝居がかっている。この英文には「幸いなるかな。かくのごとき母を持つ児は」のような訳をつけるべき。
この「700選」の種本が存在します。出版社は忘れましたが、「The new art of English composition」という名前の3分冊の参考書です。これを妻が出た高校で長年使っていたとか で、妻が持っていたのですが、「700選」は非常に多くの部分が、この「The new ・・・」 からのそっくりそのままの引用です。この「The new ・・・」は、「〜でしょう」を「〜で せう」のように明治(大正?)の版下をそのまま使っている本で、それを昭和40年台の妻の 高校で使っていたというので非常にびっくりしたことがあります。
伊藤和夫という人はなくなっていると聞きましたが、 死後にまでこれだけ 話題になるのですから、何者かではあると思います。 「700選」の改訂 前の版を読んだことがありますが、剽窃ならともかく、 「The new art of English composition 」の恥も外聞もないまった くの引き写しでした。私も現在「英文語数別分類」とい うとても単純な原理で、英文を分類する作業をしていま すが、これも世に流通している様々な語学書からの引き 写しです。語数で分類するというアイディアが私のもの であるだけです。しかし、伊藤和夫にはその程度のアイ ディアさえない。伊藤和夫は本当にそのまんま引き写し て羅列するだけであれを作りました。
例によってノークレームでお願い Part19 Among young girls in Japan I have noticed that there is a very strange occupation which may be translated into English "housework helper." At first I thought this term was used for hired helpers, but now I know that it means "young women who stay home, doing housework, until they get married." A Japanese businessman I work with has two daughters who are "housework helpers." Both of them attended college, and I was surprised to hear that they did not seek jobs after graduation. Instead of working they spend most of their time socializing with friends, attending cooking and sewing classes, and helping their mother at home. But more often than not most of their time is spent on the first two. So my question is why Japanese parents keep their able, healthy, educated daughters at home. What is the true reason for this custom ? By working outside their home they would not only gain valuable experience but earn money of their own. I do not think that it is in the interest of young girls to go straight from the security of the home to new married life. I also think that they are old enough to be financially independent of their parents. To me it seems that many Japanese parents are spoiling their daughters in the name of "housework helpers."
Part20 If you come to the United States directly from Japan and watch television for a few hours, your first impression might be that the commercials are all shouting at you. You would feel that, compared with Japanese commercials, American advertising tends to talk too much. A specialist studying the effectiveness of television commercials in Japan and in the United States says that the major difference between the two countries lies in the amount of speaking. It is such a significant difference, in fact, that neither a Japanese commercial shown to an American audience nor an American commercial shown to Japanese is likely to be effective. Japanese advertising on television relies heavily on hints and suggestions. Though these methods are by no means unknown abroad, even professional advertising people from abroad sometimes have trouble in understanding what some Japanese TV commercials are advertising. American advertising, on the other hand, will often try to put as much information as possible in a short commercial message. Americans believe that they have not communicated unless they have put their message into words.
Part21 Christopher Columbus believed the earth is round like a ball. But he was not the first one to believe it. A great many scientists knew it, and some of them were writing about the shape of the earth and making maps of it two thousand years before Columbus was born. They found it is round by watching the sun and the stars come up in the east and go down in the west, day after day, year after year. They watched ships sail away from the harbor, and noticed that as they sailed farther and farther away, they grew smaller and smaller and seemed to sink a little bit every mile they sailed, until at last they disappeared. And when a ship was coming home to port, the people watching for it would first see the tops of the masts above the water and then slowly but surely the ship would rise up on the horizon. There were other things that helped to prove that the earth is round and not flat.
Part22 Some people have a most unusual birthday-their birth-date occurs only once every four years. This is because they were born on a Leap Day, the extra day added to February each Leap Year to keep our calendar adjusted to the changing seasons. Calendars of one kind or another are almost as old as man himself. Primitive people all over the world made up calendars to record the past and prepare for the future. They wanted to know how long the winter would last, or when to plant seeds, or when the migrating animals would return. People living beside the Nile in Egypt needed a calendar so that they could prepare for the river's annual flooding. Priests needed calendars for religious festivals. Writers needed them to record history. Calendars were in use in North America long before Europeans arrived. The Indians of the plains kept records of "winters" by drawing symbols on a large buffalo-hide. Each symbol-a horse, a star, a bird, or a black line meaning death-reminded the people of an important event of each year. Farther south, in Mexico, the Maya Indians developed a much more precise calendar that contained nineteen months. Like many other peoples, the Mayas based their calendar on the movements of the sun, moon, and stars.
二重限定で @A writer need not be ashamed of the ways. ^^^^^^^^^ AHe (↑the writer) could make decent living by the ways. ^^^^^^^^ かな? 訳せというなら(w)「〜〜(@)であり、かつ〜〜(A)であるような方法は殆ど無い。」 「辱められることなく裕福な生活を出来るような方法は無いように思われた。」
Part23 A good reader changes his reading speed according to his purpose and to the difficulty of the material on the page. When he reads easy material for pure entertainment, he reads as fast as he can and probably gets all the meaning he needs. But when his purpose is to learn something and there are hard spots in the material, he slows down as much as he needs to so that he can understand what he reads. Slowing down for difficult passages does not mean working along at a word-by-word rate. In fact, you will cover the material faster and understand it better if you learn to take in a group of words with each glance.
Part10 I was seven when my father took my mother and me out of the village in England. He had a small shop there, but his uncle who lived in New York asked him to come and help him in his big store there.
最後のthereはcome and help him in hisbig store の両方にかかってるの??? big store there.
そんなこと書いてある?あれは「O+CのあいだにSとP(述語動詞)の関係がある」 ということでしょう。have the house look cleanはthe house(O)、look(C)が SとPの関係がある、つまりThe house looks (clean). という関係があるからです。 これが The house is looked (clean).だと間違ってる英文なのでだめなわけです。
In men, as a rule, love is but an episode which takes its place among the other affairs of the day, and the emphasis laid on it in novels gives it an importance which is untrue to life. There are few men to whom it is the most important thing in the world, and they are not very interesting ones; even women, with whom the subject is of paramount interest, have a contempt for them. They are pleased and excited by them, but have an uneasy feeling that they are poor creatures. But even during the brief intervals in which they are in love, men do other things which turn their minds aside; they are absorbed in sport ; they can interest themselves in art.
Why is the sea never still? Well, these are times when the sea is nearly still, though no doubt even when it looks like glass there are waves in it too small for us to see. But the sea is always moving, even so much that our eyes can see it, simply because the air above it is moving. It is the wind that makes the waves. If there were no wind at all the sea would slowly rise and fall again, because of the tides made by the moon ; but it would do this very quietly, so that if you just looked for a moment you would notice nothing. But the waves which you are thinking of when you ask this question, are made by the wind. It is true that the sea may have great waves though there is no wind, but those waves were raised by the wind somewhere else, and they have travelled to reach our eyes.
One should always use a climbing rope when crossing Himalayan glaciers because there are crevasses hidden beneath the snow. Climbers from Europe and the United States always cross these glaciers with caution, securing themselves with a climbing rope, even on courses that they know to be safe. But the Japanese, though they prudently use a climbing rope the first time, tend to become careless and do without one from then on, once they have found the crossing to be safe.
In other words, the Japanese are impatient. They quickly let their guard down, one might say. This Japanese trait appears everywhere and sometimes gives rise to serious mistakes. But it can be said that this is the very reason that the Japanese are such fast workers.
I think the Japanese are a people who develop not by virtue of great men among them but by virtue of their numerous ordinary people having this national trait of impatience.
We must re-read before we can be sure about the quality of new books. And we must also re-read classics if we want to get from these best books the deep pleasure that they are able to give. It is not enough to read great books once only. They tell so much about the world and life and human character that it cannot all be taken in at one reading.
A further important reason for re-reading is that while many great books are, of course, suitable to be read at an early age there is very much in great books which we cannot avoid overlooking in youth. When we come back to them later we feel how much more such books contain than we noticed before.
What we see (or hear, smell and so on) depends on what we want and need to perceive. If we were sensitive to everything around us, we couldn't perceive anything. We don't see or hear everything.
Pause in your reading for a second and look carefully at the page you have been reading, and it is only then that you see all the tiny marks on the paper that you didn't notice while reading.
Stop for a moment and listen to the sounds around you. Listen for many noises that you didn't hear when trying to read ; and most likely when you hear certain sounds, you will try to know where the sounds come from and what they mean to you. It seems impossible to have a conversation and at the same time to listen to every sound around you.
We must be aware that we are constantly selective, and that what we do perceive is but a small part of what is perceptible.
PART24 GEtting more information is learning, and understanding something that you did not understand is also learning. But the difference between these two kinds of learning is important. To be informed is to know simply that something is a fact. To understand is to konw everything about the fact : why it is a fact, what its connections are with other facts, in what ways it is the same, in what ways it is different; in other words, what the fact means. This difference is similar to the difference between being able to remember something and being able to explain it. If you remenber what an author says, you have learned something about the world. But whether you have learned a fact about the book or a fact about the world, you have gained nothing but information if you have used only your memory. You have not increased your understanding. Understanding is increased only when, in addition to knowing what an author says, you know what he really means, and why he says it.
PART25 On my first visit to Spain, I travelled in a third-class railway carriage. The seats were of wood, and very hard. But the passengers who crowded into every carriage were the most fascinating people I had ever met. They were very dramatic in their gestures and their speech. In fact, they never stopped talking, and they talked very loudly. They laughed a lot, too. Their moods kept changing suddenly, from joy to anger, from tenderness to scorn. They all kept wondering when the train was going to start. Some of them did not seem to know where the train was going, because they kept asking what towns and cities it would pass through, and what was its final destination. I seemed to be the only one who knew it was going as far as Madrid. Once the train had started, the talk became even more excited, and I was asked some very frank personal questions. Soon everyone knew where I lived in England, how much I had paid for my ticket, and where I was going in Spain. It was a pure and inoffensive curiosity. When we arrived at Burgos, my first stop, I found a room at a pension recommended by one of my fellow travellers. It was a really comfortable place, run by a large family headed by a pleasant-looking grandmother.
PART26 I was one of six children. I have two younger brothers and three elder sisters. My father was not a wealthy man and we lived in a small house, so at home there was little privacy. Yet I consider that I was extremely fortunate. The house was on the outskirts of a small town. Meadows, woods, and even a friendly stream lay within walking distance of our home. My mother and father were far too busy to occupy themselves with my affairs, so the greater part of my unbringing was left to my sisters. If I am now a comparatively calm and placid person, able to cope tolerably well with those problems that life always presents us with, it is, I firmly believe, due to the fact that I was allowed to grow up without too much fuss being made of me. The most dreadful fate that I can imagine would be that of growing up as an only child. All mothers and fathers experiment on their unfortunate first-born. They read the latest baby books, they attend clinics and courses of lectures. They even listen to the advice of unmarried aunts. They worry about the little person’s digestion. They argue the exact moment to present him or her with solid food. In short, they can’t let their child grow up at his own pace.
PART27 Not many years ago it was extremely difficult to make longdistance telephone calls, particularly to overseas countries. If weather conditions were bad, it was often impossible to get a connection and even in good weather, reception was sometimes so poor that it was difficult to have a conversation. One had to shout and repeat things many times. All this is now changed. Most overseas telephone calls are now made by means of communication satellites that go round the earth. Reception is excellent and the only problem is that so many people are now making long-distance calls that one often has to reserve a call several hours in advance. There is also, of course, the other problem of time. When it is midmorning in Japan, for example, it is the middle of the night in most European countries. Long-distance calls are, of course, expensive, and so it is advisable to know exactly what one is going to say and to make sure that the person one wants to speak to is at the other end of the line. To avoid speaking to the wrong person, it is usual to state the name of the person one wants to speak to and to refuse to speak to anyone else. These calls are sometimes called ‵person to person’calls.
It is not always easy to distinguish between work and play. Peoples differ in the way they perceive things, and even in the same society what is considered work on the occation may be regarded as play on another. What is work for the professional performer is recreation for the listener or spectator. To the nonprofessional performer, participation may be recreation. Even the same person may define an activity as work or play depending on the situation within which the activity occurs. The postman who carries a heavy bag of letters on his rounds is clearly working while the hiker with a pack on his back is having fun.
There may be said to have developed in the last few years a "revolt of the individual" against the conformity which an excessive regard for material objects has imposed on daily life. Behind this change is a sense that personal possesions now have lost their power to distinction.
の、their power to distinction に「財産にはその持ち主を人より 優越した立場におく力があるが<今ではそれは失われてしまった。>」 という説明がついてるんですが、これって、have lost their power to distinction で power を distinction に奪われたということになるんで、 違うような気がするのですが。
>have lost their power to >distinction で power を distinction に奪われたということになるんで の解釈が間違ってないか?
このときのpower to distinctionのtoの働きは、 恐らく「accompany」のtoだと思うのだが。 power to distinctionで「差異を作る力」みたいなidiomaticな使い方だと感じる。 まぁ普通はpower to Vになると思うのだが、 toを前述の前置詞と感じるとNounも使える。というのが俺の解釈。
あとlose A to Bで「AをBに奪われる」っつー解釈は出来なかったと思うぞ。 あくまでloseは「失う」のが基本。 to Bで行き先がわかるような失い方じゃないわけだ。
First and foremost, I'd like to thank my teacher from whom I was given an good education. If it wasn't for his help, I wouldn't have passed the exam. And to all my friends, all of whom I received courage, I'd like to thank.
>>681 レスありがとうございます。 私も最初は、指摘されてるように power to V だと思ったん ですが、気になったんで辞書を引いたらロングマンに、
4 _STOP HAVING SOMETHING_ [T] if you lose something that is important or necessary, you then no longer have it, especially because it has been taken from you or destroyed → loss lose sth to sb/sth ・We were losing customers to cheaper rivals. ・She was about to lose her husband to a younger woman. ・California has lost 90% of its wetlands to development.
29講の and the emphasis laid on it in novels gives it an importance which is untrue to life. の文や、
30講の Well, these are times when the sea is nearly still, though no doubt even when it looks like glass there are waves in it too small for us to see. の文、
Why is the sea never still? Well, these are times when the sea is nearly still, though no doubt even when it looks like glass there are waves in it too small for us to see. But the sea is always moving, even so much that our eyes can see it, simply because the air above it is moving. It is the wind that makes the waves. If there were no wind at all the sea would slowly rise and fall again, because of the tides made by the moon ; but it would do this very quietly, so that if you just looked for a moment you would notice nothing. But the waves which you are thinking of when you ask this question, are made by the wind. It is true that the sea may have great waves though there is no wind, but those waves were raised by the wind somewhere else, and they have travelled to reach our eyes.
In men, as a rule, love is but an episode which takes its place among the other affairs of the day, and the emphasis laid on it in novels gives it an importance which is untrue to life. There are few men to whom it is the most important thing in the world, and they are not very interesting ones; even women, with whom the subject is of paramount interest, have a contempt for them. They are pleased and excited by them, but have an uneasy feeling that they are poor creatures. But even during the brief intervals in which they are in love, men do other things which turn their minds aside; they are absorbed in sport ; they can interest themselves in art.
889 :名無しさん@英語勉強中 :04/04/26 22:49 英文解釈700選の冒頭に出ている To train dog, it is nesesarry to be wizer than dogs. って言う文は何で「犬を鍛えることは、犬たちよりも賢明でなくてはならない」って訳しちゃいけないんですか?
これで終わらせるとただの罵倒になるので、少しヒントを。 もし、To train dogs を主語(=it)にとるとしたら、 to be wizer than dogs はどう受け止めればいいのだ?(副詞句か?) 889の解釈だと、it がこれも指していて、二重に働いていることになる。 だから日本語までもおかしくなる。
To master English, you must practice it every day. これもヒント。もちろん意味わかるよな。