In the course of the study which began in 1991 14 tigers have been trapped and radio-collared and their movements and behaviour are under continuous monitoring. 1991年からの研究において、 14匹の虎が罠により捕獲され、無線発信機を取り付けることにより、間断なくその活動をモニタリングすることが可能となった。
Brown bears which have also been radio-collared have been found to take over tiger kills. 同じように発信機を取り付けたことによって、その 羆達が虎達の獲物を 横取りすることも判明した。
There are even cases known of adult brown bears that were killed and eaten by Amur tigers. This probably only happens when these bears are surprised during hibernation in their den.
大人のヒグマがアムール虎に殺されて食べられる場合さえもあります。おそらくこれはクマが穴の中で冬眠中にトラに奇襲された時にだけ起こります。 However, brown bear cubs are killed more often (indicating that male tigers can drive away the defending mother bear) しかしながら、ヒグマの子供がより頻繁に殺されているのです。(これは雄のトラ達が、守っている母グマを追い払う事が出来る事を示します)
The killing of male brown bears is very rare. 雄のヒグマを殺すことは非常にまれです。
In such cases the tiger usually takes the bear by surprise during hibernation. このような場合トラは通常冬眠中の熊を奇襲します。
These two opponents are very wary of a fight. この両者は争いに非常に慎重です。
A fully grown, male brown bear, weighing up to 1500 lb, presents a formidable foe to even the biggest male Amur tiger. 種としての成長した雄のヒグマは、最高1500ポンドの重さがあり、最も大きい雄のアムールトラにさえ手ごわい敵となると思われます。
Large brown bears even follow tigers and will take over their kills; especially at the end of winter when there is little food around. 大きいヒグマは、トラの後を追ってまでも、トラの獲物を乗っ取るでしょう。特にほとんど存在している食物がない冬の終わりに。
However, the 1000 lb plus bear is king here and of a much more ferocious disposition. しかしながら、1000ポンド以上クマは、ここの王様であり、また、よりずっと恐ろしい気質の王様です。
Two large male tigers were found killed by such animals in the year 2000, which is tragic, if natures way. 2000年に、この動物(ヒグマ)によって2匹の大きい雄トラが殺されているのが発見されました。もしそれが自然の摂理であるなら悲劇的です
Tigers will usually avoid such a powerful foe, but eventually these huge animals will run into each other. トラ達は、普通はこのような強力な敵を避けるでしょう、しかし結局は、これらの巨大な動物はお互いに逃走します。
Often the bear is trying to steal the tiger's kill. しばしば熊はトラの獲物を盗もうとします。
The tiger gives a better account of itself in a bear fight than the lion. トラは、熊との争いにおいて、ライオンよりは堂々と振舞うでしょう。
The bear does not go in for strangulation or nape biting, but uses his paws to rain blows to the head and shoulders. 熊は、絞殺や首筋を噛むことには拘りませんが、前肢を使い、相手の頭と肩へ雨のように強打を見舞います。
Possibly this removes any advantage of a mane. おそらく、これはたてがみのどんな利点も消してしまいます。
The grizzly bear is a poor predator, taking down a caribou only when the opportunity arises. グリズリーは、機会があった時にのみトナカイを狩るという貧弱な肉食動物でした。
This, however, shifted his evolution in favour of the job in hand, namely as a digger of hard barren ground for roots, tubers and den building. しかしながら、この事は、彼の手の役目を隆起や巣穴を作るように進化させました。すなわち硬い不毛の土地を掘る坑夫として。
The grizzly bear subsequently evolved enormous bone and muscle density; roughly ten times our own for a given size. その後、グリズリーは巨大な骨と筋肉の密度を進化させました。とある大きさでは、およそ我々の10倍の大きさです。
They have developed into huge and enormously powerful animals. グリズリーは巨大で、そして途方もなく強力な動物に進化しました。
Eventually, and at considerable cost, African lions were brought in to raise the stakes. 結局は、かなりの費用をかけて、アフリカのライオンが対戦を行うために持ち込まれました。
The most fierce of the adult males was sent in whilst the grizzly was already waiting in the pits. 成獣の雄の最も荒々しいライオンは、ヒグマが既に待っているピットに送り込まれました。
The lion was known for bravely charging straight in and looked good for the money, but the grizzly killed a male lion almost as easily as he'd killed the bull. ライオンは勇敢な事で知られていて、中にまっすぐに突進していき、そして金のためにかっこ良く見えました。しかしヒグマは、すでに雄牛を殺していたのとほとんど同じぐらい簡単に雄のライオンを殺しました。
The Californians never understood why. カリフォルニアの人達は何が起こったのかまるで理解できませんでした。
We now know that it was enormously strong bone density meeting a low density skull. 我々は現在、それは途方もなく強い密度の骨が、低密度の頭骨に見舞われたからだと知っています。
At a range of 4 feet the blow crashed in before the lion could apply the wind pipe lock, which is lion and tiger learnt behaviour for taking down prey animals. 4フィートの範囲のピットの中で、その一撃はライオンが息する間もなく破壊し、ライオンとトラは獲物になって解体される動物の気持ちを学んだのでした。
オズモンド・ブレランド(Animal Life and Lore,1963)は、かつてカリフォルニアでライオンとハイイログマの戦いが行われたと書いている。 そして彼も詳しい経過はわからないようだが、ハイイログマが勝ったという。 西部開拓時代のアリーナは時の労働者を興奮させたようだが、現代人の想像力も刺激する。 ブルドッグやウシと共にハイイログマもよく登場した。 後脚で立ち上がって雄牛を迎えうち、突進してきたウシに前足で強烈な打撃をくわえ、そのまま両手でウシを押さえて頭部に噛みつき捻り倒す。 ウシは首の骨を折って死ぬ。この手でライオンも倒したのだろうか。 California Reader によると、ロサンゼルスで捕獲されたハイイログマがメキシコのモンテレイに送られ、ピットでライオンと戦ったことがあった。 この時クマはまるでネコがネズミを扱うように簡単に素早くライオンを殺してしまったので、観衆は何が起こったのかすぐには理解できなかったほどだった。
THE grizzly bear is a lordly animal. An ordinary-sized one will weigh from nine hundred to twelve hundred pounds, a large one a ton. The grizzly is the king of beasts. When, a few years ago, a Los Angeles County grizzly was sent to Monterrey, Mexico, to be pitted against the man-killing African lion "Parnell" the great Californian handled the African king as a cat would a rat. He killed him so quickly that the big audience hardly knew how it was done
Another subspecies, U. a. manchuricus, inhabits the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, Amur Basin, Sakhalin Island and Ussuriland. It once occurred in North Korea and Northeastern China,but is now almost extinct there. These animals are large (some were documented killing tigers), もうひとつの亜種 マンシュウヒグマはオホーツク海沿岸、アムール盆地、サハリン、 ウスリー地方に住んでいる。 かつては北朝鮮や中国東北部にもいたが、現在ではほぼ絶滅している。 これらの動物は巨大だ【トラ(複数形に注目)を殺したと記録されているものもいる。】
zoobooksより If tiger is hungry enough, it may even attack a bear. But that may by a big mistake. This Siberian Tiger has attacked a Eurasian Brown Bear that is almost twice its size. The bear is also stronger than the tiger and every bit as mean. トラは空腹になると熊を襲う事がある。しかし、これは大きな失敗だ。 この(絵の)シベリアトラはユーラシアヒグマを襲おうとしているが熊はトラの倍近い大きさだ。 また、大抵の場合、熊はトラより頑強で、したたかに噛む。
For example after hybernation the brown bear is very hungry and will often find a tiger and follow it waiting for the tiger to make a kill. When the tiger finally makes a kill the bear chases the tiger away and claims the dead animal as its own. ここでは冬眠終了時で非常に空腹な時などには、 ヒグマはトラを見つけると、後をつけ、トラが獲った獲物を奪い取る。
This provides an important source of nutrition for the bear until other foods are available. ヒグマ が植物類などが手に入らない時でも貴重な栄養素を摂ることが出来るのはこの横取りがあるからだ。
While this may not seem fair it is merely part of the balance of nature. いけないことだと思われるでしょうが、これがありのままの自然の姿なのです。
http://www.defenders.org/magazinenew/guest/varleymag.html No wolves were near but a pulse of excitement raced through me as I spotted a large grizzly lying belly down on the carcass front and rear paws stretched out on each side as far as they would go. It looked like a giant bearskin rug spread-eagled over the elk. (要約)近くにオオカミはいなかったが、私の鼓動は高まった。 大きなグリズリーがあたかも大きなクマの敷物のように獲物であるエルクの上に うつ伏せになっているのを見たからだ。
We all know that in the human world possession is nine tenths of the law. In the grizzly's world possession is the law. Even from a distance every aspect of the bear's posture and demeanor communicated one message: This is mine and you'd better stay away. This bear which appeared to weigh around 400 pounds probably had been out of its den only a few days.(一部略) Finally about mid-afternoon with the carcass largely devoured the griz charged up a snowy hillside and disappeared. 人間界では占有は所有権に基づくがグリズリーの世界では占有自体が法律です。 遠くからでさえ、クマの態度から「この獲物は私のだ。お前らは向こうへ行け。」と主張しているのが 見てとれました。約180?sはあろうかと思えるこのクマは恐らく冬眠を終えて2、3日。(略) 午後まで何時間も獲物を食い尽くした後にクマはついに去っていった。
Biologists have been amazed at how quickly grizzlies have zeroed in on wolf kills. While meat is a terrific source of bear nutrition most grizzlies are efficient predators only on elk calves and only for a few weeks in early summer. But grizzlies have exceedingly keen noses.They can smell a carcass more than a mile away. 生物学者はグリズリー(ヒグマ)がオオカミが獲った獲物に気付くのが非常に早いので驚いた。 肉はクマにとって素晴らしい栄養源だが、殆どのヒグマはエルクの子供にのみ、初夏の2、3週間のみ 活発な肉食獣となります。ヒグマは非常に優れた嗅覚が備わっているので1.6km先から動物の死体の臭い を嗅ぎ付けます。
http://www.defenders.org/magazinenew/guest/varleymag.html The bears seemed to follow the wolves deliberately in order to take over the kills. In one encounter nine wolves challenged an adult grizzly for a carcass. The bear lay down on the elk and refused to move.Checkmated the wolves eventually gave up and left to make another kill.In clashes with wolves grizzlies usually prevail. Where it's not available grizzlies rely mainly on plants roots berries and insects. Hibernation is an adaptive strategy that enables bears to survive through the long winter despite food scarcity. クマは計画的に獲物を奪うためにオオカミの後をつけて行くように見えた。 ある両者の衝突では、9頭のオオカミが狩った獲物を守るためにヒグマの成獣に挑戦した。 クマはエルクの上に横たわり、オオカミの要求を拒絶した。ついにオオカミは獲物をあきらめて 他の獲物を狩りに行った。対オオカミ戦では大抵ヒグマが勝つ(私の個人的意見だがクマの 下手したら2倍あるようなヘラジカを圧倒的に捕食するオオカミの集団をも大抵追い払うクマはやはり 純粋肉食獣に相性がいいと思う)。肉が手に入らないときは植物類や昆虫を主食とする。
In 1996 Montana researchers near Glacier National Park watched a grizzly that had discovered the trick of following wolves and mountain lions to steal their kills. This bear was so well fed he never went into a den and never hibernated. (要約)1996年に国立公園の研究員が、ある観察を行いました。その観察とは あるヒグマがオオカミやマウンテンライオンを尾行し、彼らが獲った獲物を横取りすることによって 栄養を補給するカラクリに気付いていたということです。このためこのクマは冬場でも十分な食料を 得られるので冬眠をしないでよかったのです。
Many a coyote wolf mountain lion and now big game hunter have lost their kills to these thieving bruins. 多くのコヨーテ、オオカミ、ピューマ、そしてハンター(狩猟を行う人)が自分で 仕留めた獲物をクマに奪われる。
While working in Glacier National Park on a wolf/mountain lion interaction study the Hornocker Wildlife Research Institute discovered that both wolves and lions regularly had kills taken away by individual bears オオカミとピューマとの研究ではどちらの動物も個々のクマに 定期的に獲物を奪われていました。
Jaguars and pumas are in almost direct competition throughout most of their mutual distribution (Rabinowitz 1987). The smaller and less powerful puma probably gives way in confrontations. They are known always to avoid grizzly bears,(略) (要約) ジャガーとピューマは互いに生息地が重なる地域では大抵の場合競合します。戦いでは、小さく力の弱いピューマが恐らくジャガーに負けると思います。ピューマがいつもグリズリーを避ける事は知られています。
Bears possess enormous strength, regardless of species or size. The strength of a bear is difficult to measure, but observations of bears moving rocks, carrying animal carcasses, removing large logs from the side of a cabin, and digging cavernous holes are all indicative of enormous power. No animal of equal size is as powerful. A bear may kill a moose, elk, or deer by a single blow to the neck with a powerful foreleg, then lift the carcass in its mouth and carry it for great distances.
"The strength . . . is in keeping with his size," describes Ben East in Bears. "He is a very powerfully built, a heavy skeleton overlaid with thick layers of muscle as strong as rawhide rope. He can hook his long, grizzly-like front claws under a slab of rock that three grown men could not lift, and flip it over almost effortlessly...." "... a brown [bear] ... took a thousand-pound steer a half mile up an almost vertical mountain, much of the way through alder tangles with trunks three or four inches thick."
Strength and power are not only the attributes of large bears but also of the young. The author observed a yearling American black bear, while searching for insects, turn over a flat-shaped rock (between 310 and 325 pounds) "backhanded" with a single foreleg. The bear was captured the following day in a management action and weighed 120 pounds.
A rather big tiger would defeat a bear of almost the same weight. For this purpose, the predator tracks down the bear and makes an ambush, ordinarily on a rock or in wind-fallen trees, taking the side against the wind.
199]2chより 04/01/25 10:51 .I47WCPHUR. それではこちらも新ソースをひとつ。 英国のオックスフォード大学の Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoologyにいる Dr. Nobuyuki Yamaguchi(日本人です!) に質問しました。 山口博士は、バーバリーライオンの再生計画に 関わるなど大型ネコ類の権威のようです。 回答を要約しますと
June, 1959. Shandui. "We went to look around. While walking, we saw a killed baby moose in the forest opening that was still warm. Killed probably by a tiger. She scented us and left. And then, we saw her coming from the forest about 20-30 meters from us. We could even see her eyes and whiskers. We were looking at her and she was looking at us. Nobody had a gun. She slowly turned around and left too pity for a meat but not used to killing a man." (I. Samarkin). The fact that tigers leave their kill is described by many hunters and foresters. Similar cases are presented by S. Kuchurenko (1973) and V. Zhivotchenko (1976). Kuchurenko reasonably notes that bears in similar cases act very aggressively.
Smithsonian National Zoological Park http://natzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/1999/2/fact-brown.cfm In their small range in eastern Russia,the endangered Amur, or Siberian, tiger(Panthera tigris altaica) lives in areas inhabited by brown bears. They sometimes prey on young bears.
To watch bears baited he had a special pit made and once matched a lion with a bear which was to be punished for killing a child, but the lion refused to fight and the bear had to be baited to death by dogs instead.
They prey upon many other wild animals. Wherever humans have domestic animals, tigers destroy a large number of cattle, horses, sheep, and goats. If hungry enough, a tiger can kill an ox about every five days, or from 60 to 70 a year. Unless it is cornered or greatly provoked, the tiger avoids the elephant, and it rarely attacks a large buffalo or bear. In battles with these animals the tiger is frequently beaten.(Compton's Encyclopedia) (要約)トラは野生動物から家畜まで多くの動物を捕食する。トラは約5日に1回の割合、または年に60〜70匹の数の牛を殺す事が出来る。 もし非常に怒らせたり、追い詰めたりしなければ、トラはゾウを避ける。そして、稀だが大型の水牛やクマに攻撃を仕掛けるのだが、その戦いの中ではトラは頻繁に打ち負かされる。
http://www.wildlifesurvival.com/tigerinfo.htm Threats to the Siberian tiger are: Poaching, disappearing forests and habitats by deforestation, bad weather conditions that cause their prey not to be able to find food which in turn causes scarcity in the tiger's food supply. Other carnivores such as the brown bear will steal their food right out from under them. ヒグマがトラのもとより餌を盗む。 ここでは、それを虎に対する脅威のひとつとして捉えてるようです
The Kodiak bear reaches its adult size by the time it is 8 - 10 years old. The fastest I have seen them run is about 60 - 65 kph. Front claws measure about 15 - 20 cm. I know of no studies that have measured the strength of a bear's arms, jaws or claws.
There are Japanese bear biologists on Hokkaido. Here is one you can contact:
Dr. Hifimi Tsuruga Nature Conservation Dept Hokkaido Institute of Environmental Sciences Hashimoto-cho 72-1, Esashi-cho, Hokkaido 043-0044 ヒグマのスピードは60〜65キロとの事。
http://www.nps.gov/yell/nature/animals/bear/grizzlyback.html Although it is often said that grizzly bears can't climb trees, this is not entirely true. Stories that bears cannot swim or run downhill are also incorrect. Although they may appear to be lumbering slowpokes, they can swim the fast, cold waters of the Yellowstone River and sprint at up to 35 miles an hour for short distances!
http://www.southeastaviation.com/links.html Alaskan Grizzly Bear (brown bear) - males weigh an average of 800 pounds, are nine feet tall and can sprint 35 miles per hour and climb trees. ↑アラスカヒグマ時速35マイルで走る。
投稿者: moujuuronsyouyahhoo http://pet-0.dot.thebbs.jp/1071060595.html トリニトロン 04/01/13 15:17 3QLzWspUvH9 えーと忘れた頃にモンタナ大学の方から返信が来ました。 当の私もあまり記憶がありませんが多分、グリズリーサイドの研究機関かな? We know very little about the Siberian Tiger. (私達はほんのちょっとしかシベリアタイガーに関して知りません) However, Grizzly bears can be very ferocious and are afraid of nothing. (しかしながらグリズリーはとても凶暴であり何も恐れません) Any size grizzly bear would no doubt give the tiger a good fight. (どんなサイズのグリズリーでも、おそらくタイガーといい勝負をするでしょう) Large bears of 800 or 1000 pounds might well defeat a tiger. (360kgや450kgの大きなクマはタイガーを難なく撃破できるでしょう) Of course, the only way to know for sure is to get a large grizzly bear and a Siberian tiger and throw them in the cage together and see what happens. (勿論確実に確かめる唯一の方法は大型のグリズリーとシベリアタイガーを捕獲して同じゲージに入れてどうなるか 見ることです) Good luck with that!(どうなることやら!) Margo J Coleman Computer Support Specialist I [email protected] University of Montana USGS Glacier Field Station Science Center Glacier National Park
Siberian tigers are the largest of all the tiger subspecies, with male tigers averaging up to 700 lbs. and female tigers averaging up to 500 lbs. An average Siberian tiger is 12-13 feet from the nose to the tip of the tail and three feet high at the shoulders. Siberian tigers are the only tigers to live in cold weather, often below -18 degrees C, and get their name from the region in which they live, the Amur-Ussuri region of Siberia. In fact, they are quite comfortable in cold weather. The tigers manage to stay warm partly because of a layer of fat on its flanks and belly. The thick, long, light yellow coat also helps keep the tiger warm during the harsh winters of the Siberian wild. The Siberian tiger's coat is a sharp contrast to that of other tiger species, whose coats are darker and ch thinner.
Brown Bear is a large bear with a muscular hump on its shoulders. Bear is one of the most beautiful animals in Siberian forests. There are brown bears in Russia, but we know about arctic - polar bears and mountain - black bears. Siberian bear is brown. It's big and strong. People call it THE TAIGA MASTER, because it is the strongest animal here. A bear is a predatory animal but also it likes mushrooms, berries, nuts and honey. One of the favourite meals for bears is fish. Bears spend a lot of time on the riverside for swimming and fishing in the summer time. Winter is sleeping time for bears. Bears make a special home-den under the tree and sleep in it all the winter. A bear is a hero of many Russian tales.
The Siberian Tiger is the largest tiger in the world and lives in solitude in the forests and mountains of the far eastern Ussuri region. The common brown bear a national symbol of Russia, lives in the mountains and forests of the entire country from Europe to Siberia, and in the mountains of the far eastern Ussuri region. Such large creatures can sustain themselves in semi-hibernation throughout the winter on the fruits and berries of the forests; on fish; and even on deer, for they can cover short distances at enormous speed.
野生生物リハビリテーション・センターの人たちは、雌トラが雌ヒグマに殺されるのは当然と考えているようです。 http://english.pravda.ru/society/2001/11/09/20549.html Environmentalists are searching for a female tiger called Troya, which was released from a wildlife rehabilitation centre. The tiger disappeared without trace in the Far Eastern taiga. Three months ago, Russian and American experts launched a unique experiment in Russia's Far East. Two young female tigers, Troya and Pakhomovna, were released from the Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre Utes, at the foothills of the Sikhote-Alin Range in the Khabarovsk Region, following a lengthy treatment. Special radio-collars, which transfer information via a satellite to a radio centre, were attached to the two animals. However, soon the radio centre stopped receiving signals from Troya's collar. The ecologists organised helicopter rides over the taiga and hunting experts and rangers combed the area, from where the last signals were received, but no trace of the tiger has been found. Board Chairman of the Regional Wildlife Foundation and Doctor of Biology Alexander Kulikov told RIA Novosti that "most probably, Troya has become yet another victim of poachers." "Even if the tiger died in a fight with another stronger animal, e.g. a female brown bear, the collar would have shown where she died," Mr. Kulikov said.
鎖に繋がれたグリズリー>>>>2頭のスペイン闘牛 http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/bearinmind/themes/inthearena/01print.html In 1851 John Borthwick joined the gold rush and ventured to California. He traveled to Moquelumne Hill, where he witnessed an extraordinary bear and bull fight between the celebrated bull-killing bear "General Scott" and a young Spanish bull. The bear was tethered to a twenty-foot chain in the middle of the arena and the bull roamed the arena unhampered. General Scott proved a worthy adversary on this day, as the bear defeated not one but two bulls pitted against him at the same time.
His hind feet were tethered with several turns of a strong rawhide reata, but were left about a yard apart to give full play. To the center of this rawhide, between the two feet, was fastened another heavy reata, doubled and secured to a big loop made of doubled reatas thrown over the center post. He was of the old long-horn breed but of great weight and power. 足をくくられている証拠↑ Then up went the great paws, one on each side of the bull's head, and the sharp points of the horns whirled up from horizontal to perpendicular, then almost to horizontal again as bull and bear went rolling over together. 倒し方一例↑ Now one could see exactly why cattle found killed by bears always have their necks broken. ↑いつも牛がやられる証拠。
The fight between a large amur and a large grizzly was accidental but it ended up representing what a big brown grizzly can do. The tiger bit into the bears shoulder when the bear accidentally found itself in the tigers enclosure. The grizzly responded by tearing out the front shoulders of the tiger then breaking the bones of the skull. 大きなシベリアトラと大きなヒグマの間に起きた戦いは偶然の産物だったが、 巨大なヒグマができることを示した結果に終わった。 トラがクマの肩にかみついたとき、クマは自分がトラの囲いにいることに気がついた。 クマはトラの肩を引き裂き、頭蓋骨を破壊した。
"A grizzly can lick anything alive, and I mean anything too. He'll spot a lion or a tiger in two blows, then flatten him with one swing of his paw. A grizzly can crack a steer's neck with one swing...Match two tons of grizzlies against two tons of elephant- then dig a hole to bury your elephant in." (Fred Mansell as told to Ed Green, "The Unknown Quantity," The Alaska Sportsman, August 1938)
"Alders the size of a man's legs were broken and scattered about and the ground was torn up as if by a huge machine. The bear and Pete were lying a few yards apart, both covered in gore. Pete's rifle was broken in half..." (The late Alf Madsen, Master Guide, "What Caliber for the Kodiak?", The Alaska Sportsman, September 1957)
`A la California. CHARTER III. IN THE MISTS OF THE PACIFIC. 58頁 Almost every schoolboy in America is familiar with stories of the savage ferocity and immense strength of the grizzly bear of California. As a rule as I think I may have intimated elsewhere, hunters stories may safely be taken with some grains of allowance. The lion has generally been represented as the "King of Beasts," and numberless are the stories of his courage, strength, and ferocity. The truth is, the lion is nothing but a great overgrown cat, and his courage is just that of the cat on a large scale, and nothing more. A cat will fight when cornered, from sheer excess of cowardice, but she always prefers running. Find the weight of a cat and that of a lion, and just so many times as the lion is heavier than the cat, just so much more fight and courage of the same character exactly you will find in him. But the stories of the dangerous character of the grizzly, unlike those relating to the lion, are not and cannot be exaggerated. I know from observation that the oldest hunters are the most afraid of a contest with the grizzly, and take the greatest pains to avoid one. It is always the young, inexperienced hunter who sallies out half armed and alone to fight a grizzly; and one dose
The-plain truth is, that the grizzly is much better entitled to the title of King of Beasts than the lion. He fears neither man nor beast, and, instead of waiting to be attacked, will, if hungry or in any way out of humor, invariably become the attacking party whatever the odds against him. A lucky shot penetrating the heart, breaking the vertebra, or entering the brain, will sometimes cause almost instant death; but in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred the first shot only enrages and infuriates him, and renders him the most dangerous animal on earth to fall into the clutches of
65頁 I am satisfied that an average grizzly could at any time whip the strongest African lion in a fair stand-up fight, while a full-grown bull is no more to him than a rat is to the largest house-cat
Tigers are not always the killers, sometimes they are killed. Bears, elephants, and packs of wild dogs have been known to kill adult tigers (Guggisberg, 1975).
Q:Do tigers have any natural enemies? A:Tigers have been known to be killed by packs of wild dogs. Tigers and bears tend to steer clear of each other unless provoked
In the course of the study which began in 1991 14 tigers have been trapped and radio-collared and their movements and behaviour are under continuous monitoring. 1991年からの研究において、 14匹の虎が罠により捕獲され、無線発信機を取り付けることにより、間断なくその活動をモニタリングすることが可能となった。
Brown bears which have also been radio-collared have been found to take over tiger kills. 同じように発信機を取り付けたことによって、その 羆達が虎達の獲物を 横取りすることも判明した。
There are even cases known of adult brown bears that were killed and eaten by Amur tigers. This probably only happens when these bears are surprised during hibernation in their den.
大人のヒグマがアムール虎に殺されて食べられる場合さえもあります。おそらくこれはクマが穴の中で冬眠中にトラに奇襲された時にだけ起こります。 However, brown bear cubs are killed more often (indicating that male tigers can drive away the defending mother bear) しかしながら、ヒグマの子供がより頻繁に殺されているのです。(これは雄のトラ達が、守っている母グマを追い払う事が出来る事を示します)
I have read several books that discussed siberian tiger-brown bear conflicts but only two of them discussed in great detail the encounters between the two. (私はシベリアタイガーとヒグマの闘いについて議論された、いくつかの本を読みました。 その中で2冊だけ、トラ対ヒグマの闘いについてとても詳細に議論されていました。) These two books were about mammals of thew USSR. (これら2冊の本は旧ソ連の哺乳動物に関するものでした。)
One book was published in the 50's the other in the 1970's. (1冊は50年代に、もう1冊は1970年代に出版されました)
I will try to find the authors of the books. (私は本の著者を見つけようとしています。)
From what I have read tigers do prey on brown bears but generally only brown bears only up to a certain size. (私が読んだ限りでは、トラはヒグマを捕食しますが、しかし普通それはあるサイズまでのヒグマです。)
Tigers kill many bears but generally not large bears. (トラたちは沢山のクマを殺しますが、大抵それは大きなクマではありません。)
Apparently tigers sometimes get killed by bears when they attack a bear that is too powerful for them to handle. (時々、クマを攻撃したトラがクマの絶大なパワーに対抗しきれず、殺されたことが明らかになっています。)
I read about how a tiger was killed by a large brown bear near a river in 1913 and about a tigress that attacked a bear scavenging from her kill and was killed. (私は1913年に川の近くで大きなヒグマによってトラがどの様に殺されたのか読みました。それは雌トラから獲物を 横取りしたクマを雌トラが攻撃して逆に殺されました。)
マンシュウヒグマの体重も裏付け有り。 ttp://www.mtu-net.ru/myjourneys/bear1_engl.html The brown bear (Ursus arctos) - largest of terraneous predators of Russia. Weight of separate beasts reaches 450 kilogrammes ((Weight of the largest Kamchatka bears reaches 600 kgs. Length of a body up to 2,55 m. Height of beasts in a withers up to 1,35 m - the note of the writer of the website).
Tigers are not always the killers, sometimes they are killed. Bears, elephants, and packs of wild dogs have been known to kill adult tigers (Guggisberg, 1975).
Q:Do tigers have any natural enemies? A:Tigers have been known to be killed by packs of wild dogs. Tigers and bears tend to steer clear of each other unless provoked
ttp://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m1373/n8_v46/18570774/p4/article.jhtml?term= 例のロンドンタワー動物園の話。 Enthusiastically looking forward to a bloody battle between a menagerie bear which had killed a child and one of the Tower's lions, the king was disappointed when they could not be incited to attack one another. ライオンを殺した熊に言及している。
"They'll eat wild boar and brown bear, but they prefer elk," says Schiller who has tracked down hundreds of kills. 「シベリアトラはイノシシとヒグマを食べるでしょう。しかし、シベリアトラはオオシカを好みます」と何百もの狩りを見たシラーが言います。
http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/rhinunic.htm *** In Kaziranga National Park in Assam, India, tiger predation is the second biggest threat to the Indian rhino after poaching. Data collected from 1985 to 1995 revealed that 178 rhinos were killed by tigers in the park, 149 (83.7%) of them calves. (Oryx 1998b) インドのカジランガ国定公園の、虎捕食はハンター侵入後インドのサイの 2番めに大きな脅威です。1985年から1995年まで集められたデータは、178頭のサイが公園で虎によって殺されることを明らかにしました、 それらのうちの149頭(83.7%)は子供です。(Oryx 1998b)
CNNより http://www-cgi.cnn.com/EARTH/9707/16/liger/ "Ligers are the strongest animals," Kang says. "They have the dauntlessness of lions and quickness and cleverness of tigers." 「ライガーは最も強い動物です」とKangが言います。
「オズモンド・ブレランド(Animal Life and Lore,1963)は、かつてカリフォルニアでライオンとハイイログマの戦いが行われたと書いている。 そして彼も詳しい経過はわからないようだが、ハイイログマが勝ったという。 西部開拓時代のアリーナは時の労働者を興奮させたようだが、現代人の想像力も刺激する。 ブルドッグやウシと共にハイイログマもよく登場した。 後脚で立ち上がって雄牛を迎えうち、突進してきたウシに前足で強烈な打撃をくわえ、そのまま両手でウシを押さえて頭部に噛みつき捻り倒す。 ウシは首の骨を折って死ぬ。この手でライオンも倒したのだろうか。 California Reader によると、ロサンゼルスで捕獲されたハイイログマがメキシコのモンテレイに送られ、ピットでライオンと戦ったことがあった。 この時クマはまるでネコがネズミを扱うように簡単に素早くライオンを殺してしまったので、観衆は何が起こったのかすぐには理解できなかったほどだった。」
One researcher observed a tiger drag a wild goat it had just caught into a natural pit and began feeding. He then saw an Asiatic black bear sneak up to the pit with the greatest care and caution. Taking only quick peeks to see how things were, he waited until the tiger was totally engrossed in feeding. He carefully placed all four feet on the edge of the pit, checked his balance and aim, then suddenly hurled himself into the pit with a tremendous screaming roar. Some truly appalling sounds of combat ensued and the tiger soon came leaping out of the pit, blood streaming from numerous wounds and ran tearing off into the forest. The black bear delightedly ate the rest of the goat at his leisure.
http://members.fortunecity.com/newbirthuk/tigers.htm Most of the Siberian tiger's diet consists of deer. In the past, wild boar was the principal staple of its diet, but the reduces number of pigs have forced the tigers to switch to red deer. No predator, not even the brown bear, dares attacks the Siberian tiger. A brown bear may attack unattended young tigers, but between adults, even large will concede food to a Siberian tiger. The Siberian tiger greatest enemy is man.
http://www.sydneyfilm.com/lasttribes/snowtigers.html nature's most magnificent creatures, king of the tundra, a male Siberian tiger. 自然の最も壮大な創造物、ツンドラの王、雄のシベリアの虎 The Siberian is the world's largest cat, a male can weigh 800 pounds シベリアトラは世界最大の猫です、男性は、体重360kgでさえ有り得ます。 Miquelle was amazed by her size, majesty and indomitable spirit. The Siberian is the most magnificent animal on earth, he thought. Miquelleは、彼女のサイズ、威厳および不屈の精神に驚嘆しました。シベリアトラがこの世で最も壮大な動物である、と彼は思いました。 With the forest king patrolling his territory just across the snow, 森林王がちょうど雪を横切って彼の領域をパトロールして "They'll eat wild boar and brown bear, but they prefer elk," says Schiller who has tracked down hundreds of kills. 「シベリアトラはイノシシとヒグマを食べるでしょう。しかし、シベリアトラはオオシカを好みます」と何百もの狩りを見たシラーが言います。
http://www.tigers.ru/books/baikov/he1.html with "the fearful king" of Manchurian taiga, 満州のタイガの恐ろしい王 Manchurian tiger is a very beautiful cat with perfectly painted rich fur. Its constitution is powerful to the maximum degree, and at the same time it is well shaped. It's by no means inferior to the lion, the king of animals, in the beauty and strength, but even surpasses it. 満州の虎は完全に描かれた豊富な毛皮を備えた非常に美しい猫です。 その肉体は最大級に強力です。また、同時に、それは機能的に形作られています。 それは、美および強さがライオン(動物の王)より決して劣っていないか、それをさらに越えます。
http://www.tigers.ru/books/baikov/he1.html The powerful blow of this animal's paw is unusually strong. In one case the tiger rushed on a Chinese loggers wagon train from an ambush. By one jump it threw down the horse of the first sledge. The horse sprang up again and rushed forward. This left the tiger's hind legs on the ground. Holding the horse with its fore legs, the tiger tore out the whole horse's flank with its right paw, and the left one caught the eye sockets and broke down the neck vertebrae. All this time the woodcutters, going on twenty sledges, lay down on snow, begging the terrible king of the mountain taiga for mercy. この動物の前肢は異常に強い。 1つのケースでは、虎が、待ち伏せから中国の伐採者幌馬車隊を襲いました。 1つの跳躍によって、それは、第1のそりの馬を投げ下ろしました。 馬は再び跳び上がり急いで逃げようとしました。 虎は地面の上に後脚を残しつつ、その前脚で馬を捕えて、 虎は、馬のその体を支える右足の側面を引きはがしました。 また、左腕で眼窩をつかみ、首脊椎骨を粉砕しました。 この時すべて、20台のそりに乗るきこりは、タイガの山の恐ろしい王に慈悲を求めて A rather big tiger would defeat a bear of almost the same weight. やや大きな虎は、ほとんど同じ重量の熊を破るでしょう。 this blood-thirsty king この残忍な王
One researcher observed a tiger drag a wild goat it had just caught into a natural pit and began feeding. He then saw an Asiatic black bear sneak up to the pit with the greatest care and caution. Taking only quick peeks to see how things were, he waited until the tiger was totally engrossed in feeding. He carefully placed all four feet on the edge of the pit, checked his balance and aim, then suddenly hurled himself into the pit with a tremendous screaming roar. Some truly appalling sounds of combat ensued and the tiger soon came leaping out of the pit, blood streaming from numerous wounds and ran tearing off into the forest. The black bear delightedly ate the rest of the goat at his leisure.
"A grizzly can lick anything alive, and I mean anything too. He'll spot a lion or a tiger in two blows, then flatten him with one swing of his paw. A grizzly can crack a steer's neck with one swing...Match two tons of grizzlies against two tons of elephant- then dig a hole to bury your elephant in." (Fred Mansell as told to Ed Green, "The Unknown Quantity," The Alaska Sportsman, August 1938)
http://www.loukashkin.org/Tigers/ On one occasion a tiger, having thus been followed up by hunters, came upon a bear's lair. The bear, hesitating to fight with the tiger, set off for the nearest tree, but, just as it reached it, it was overtaken by the tiger. Judging from the tracks on the ground, a furious fight must have taken place between the two great carnivores, for the snow under the tree was ploughed up, besprinkled with blood and covered with bear's hair. But the fight was fruitless for the tiger, for the bear finally freed itself from the latter's claws and made its escape. 1つのケースで、虎は熊の穴で熊と出会いました。 熊は虎と戦うことを躊躇し、最も近い木に逃げ出します、 しかし、ちょうどそこに達する頃、虎に追いつかれました。 地面の跡から判断して、猛烈な戦いが2頭の大きな肉食動物間に起こったに違いありません。 というのは、木の下の雪は掘り返されており、血液が注がれ、熊の髪の毛で覆われていました。 しかし、その戦いは虎にとって成果がありませんでした。 というのは、熊は最後に虎の爪から脱し、うまく逃れました。
The tiger, leopard and dhole are not large enough or strong enough to kill adult elephants and rhinoceroses. However, tigers sometimes prey upon elephant and rhino calves. In the tropical forests of Nagarahole National Park, Karanth and Sunquist (1995) found that one percent of all tiger kills were calves of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Dhole and leopard in the same area did not prey upon elephant calves.
馬に蹴り殺されたトラ 「1985 v.Terney Terneysky drowned after breaking the river ice - - 178 - right canine and upper jaw broken, cheek bone broken, injured by horse」
Tiger predation on dhole is reported from Nagarahole National Park, where a tiger killed 2 dholes while taking over the carcass of an animal they had killed (K.M. Chinnappa in Karanth and Sunquist 2000).
take overを「奪う」と意味合いで使っている例だ。 この例ではトラが2頭のドールからtake overしたわけだが 結局ドールを2頭とも殺している。 お前の解釈だと、トラがドールのおこぼれを頂戴したことに なるがなwww
a lion tried to kill a Rhino, Felicia's eleven-month-old calf. Felicia who lives to the north of Lake Makat is rather hostile normally, and when her off-spring was in danger she was quite fierce. 一匹のライオンが一匹のサイを殺そうとした(フェリシァの11ヶ月の子供である)。
The lion managed to separate the calf from the mother. The calf ran away and the lion gave chase, with Felicia lumbering behind in hot pursuit, bellowing loudly. The calf circled back towards its mother, and Felicia immediately engaged the lion. ライオンは母子を引き離すのに成功した。サイの子がライオンに追いかけられたので 母サイはノッシノッシとライオンを大きな声をあげながら追いかけた。 サイの子は母の所に戻るのに成功した。
The lion grabbed her by the hind leg and clawed and chewed her thigh viciously. Felicia wheeled round and gored the lion twice in the centre of the ribs. The lion rolled over paralysed by the tremendous blows. She then gored him in the neck, in the head and trampled him to death in a matter of minutes. ライオンは母サイの後ろ足を掴み、爪を立て、そして憎憎しげに太ももに爪を立てて噛んだ。 フェリシァは向きをかえて、そのライオンのアバラのあたりを二回角で突き上げた。 この強烈な突き上げで、ライオンはひっくり返り麻痺した。 更に、母サイはライオンに攻撃を加えてわずか数分間で殺してしまった。
Two other lions had sat by during the entire incident and kept a respectable distance. Within forty minutes of the killing the carcass was eaten clean by hyaenas. It is understood that a party of visitors from West Germany was lucky enough to film or to photograph the whole act. ドイツの観光客は幸運にもこの出来事の全体を記録する事が出来ました。
The fight between a large amur and a large grizzly was accidental but it ended up representing what a big brown grizzly can do. The tiger bit into the bears shoulder when the bear accidentally found itself in the tigers enclosure. The grizzly responded by tearing out the front shoulders of the tiger then breaking the bones of the skull. 大きなシベリアトラと大きなヒグマの間に起きた戦いは偶然の産物だったが、 巨大なヒグマができることを示した結果に終わった。 トラがクマの肩にかみついたとき、クマは自分がトラの囲いにいることに気がついた。 クマはトラの肩を引き裂き、頭蓋骨を破壊した。
I have read several books that discussed siberian tiger-brown bear conflicts but only two of them discussed in great detail the encounters between the two. (私はシベリアタイガーとヒグマの闘いについて議論された、いくつかの本を読みました。 その中で2冊だけ、トラ対ヒグマの闘いについてとても詳細に議論されていました。) These two books were about mammals of thew USSR. (これら2冊の本は旧ソ連の哺乳動物に関するものでした。)
One book was published in the 50's the other in the 1970's. (1冊は50年代に、もう1冊は1970年代に出版されました)
I will try to find the authors of the books. (私は本の著者を見つけようとしています。)
From what I have read tigers do prey on brown bears but generally only brown bears only up to a certain size. (私が読んだ限りでは、トラはヒグマを捕食しますが、しかし普通それはあるサイズまでのヒグマです。)
Tigers kill many bears but generally not large bears. (トラたちは沢山のクマを殺しますが、大抵それは大きなクマではありません。)
Apparently tigers sometimes get killed by bears when they attack a bear that is too powerful for them to handle. (時々、クマを攻撃したトラがクマの絶大なパワーに対抗しきれず、殺されたことが明らかになっています。)
I read about how a tiger was killed by a large brown bear near a river in 1913 and about a tigress that attacked a bear scavenging from her kill and was killed. (私は1913年に川の近くで大きなヒグマによってトラがどの様に殺されたのか読みました。それは雌トラから獲物を 横取りしたクマを雌トラが攻撃して逆に殺されました。)
http://members.fortunecity.com/newbirthuk/tigers.htm Most of the Siberian tiger's diet consists of deer. In the past, wild boar was the principal staple of its diet, but the reduces number of pigs have forced the tigers to switch to red deer. No predator, not even the brown bear, dares attacks the Siberian tiger. A brown bear may attack unattended young tigers, but between adults, even large will concede food to a Siberian tiger. The Siberian tiger greatest enemy is man.
>>479 連敗記録更新?馬鹿かコイツはwww 俺らはThe World of Zoologyを信じただけだし 今尚The World of Zoologyの方を信じる。 更に、ヒグマの数が増えてるだぁ? 流石、食物連鎖下位の増殖する雑魚動物だな(笑) これをヒグマが強い根拠にする辺り、バカヲタらしいやw いいかい?強い動物は食物連鎖上位で環境に影響され易く、全て減ってるんだよ。 トラやライオンやゾウやサイみたいにね(笑)