July 16, 1969; 09:32:00 am EDT. Launch Complex 39-A Kennedy Space Center, FL. No launch delays.
The splashdown May 26, 1969, of Apollo 10 cleared the way for the first formal attempt at a manned lunar landing. Six days before, the Apollo 11 launch vehicle and spacecraft half crawled from the VAB and trundled at 0.9 mph to Pad 39-A. A successful countdown test ending on July 3 showed the readiness of machines, systems, and people. The next launch window (established by lighting conditions at the landing site on Mare Tranquillitatis) opened at 9:32 AM EDT on July 16, 1969. The crew for Apollo 11, all of whom had already flown in space during Gemini, had been intensively training as a team for many months. The following mission account makes use of crew members' own words, from books written by two of them, supplemented by space-to-ground and press-conference transcripts.
First manned lunar landing mission and lunar surface EVA. "HOUSTON, TRANQUILITY BASE HERE.THE EAGLE HAS LANDED." July 20, Sea of Tranquility.
1 EVA of 02 hours, 31 minutes. Flag and instruments deployed; unveiled plaque on the LM descent stage with inscription: "Here Men From Planet Earth First Set Foot Upon the Moon. July 1969 A.D. We Came In Peace For All Mankind."
Lunar surface stay time 21.6 hours;59.5 hours in lunar orbit, with 30 orbits. LM ascent stage left in lunar orbit. 20kg (44 lbs) of material gathered.
そして実際にも下表のような分類が存在していた。 G mission が初の有人月面着陸(人類初の月面着陸)であるからアポロ11号以降のミッションを全て G type に分類しても間違いとはいえない。 しかし、追加された H type(H mission)/I type(I mission)/J type(J mission) などの分類には、 G type(G mission) として括りきれない程の段階的な違いがあるのだ。
July 16, 1969; 09:32:00 am EDT. Launch Complex 39-A Kennedy Space Center, FL. No launch delays.
The splashdown May 26, 1969, of Apollo 10 cleared the way for the first formal attempt at a manned lunar landing. Six days before, the Apollo 11 launch vehicle and spacecraft half crawled from the VAB and trundled at 0.9 mph to Pad 39-A. A successful countdown test ending on July 3 showed the readiness of machines, systems, and people. The next launch window (established by lighting conditions at the landing site on Mare Tranquillitatis) opened at 9:32 AM EDT on July 16, 1969. The crew for Apollo 11, all of whom had already flown in space during Gemini, had been intensively training as a team for many months. The following mission account makes use of crew members' own words, from books written by two of them, supplemented by space-to-ground and press-conference transcripts.
1 EVA of 02 hours, 31 minutes. Flag and instruments deployed; unveiled plaque on the LM descent stage with inscription: "Here Men From Planet Earth First Set Foot Upon the Moon. July 1969 A.D. We Came In Peace For All Mankind."
Lunar surface stay time 21.6 hours;59.5 hours in lunar orbit, with 30 orbits. LM ascent stage left in lunar orbit. 20kg (44 lbs) of material gathered.
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
On May 25, 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced the goal of sending astronauts to the moon before the end of the decade. Coming just three weeks after Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space, Kennedy's bold challenge set the nation on a journey unlike any before in human history.
Eight years of hard work by thousands of Americans came to fruition on July 20, 1969, when Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong stepped out of the lunar module and took "one small step" in the Sea of Tranquility, calling it "a giant leap for mankind."
Innovation and even improvisation were necessary along the way.
まあいみじくも黒騎士さえ「アポロの公式記録」とのたもうたからなw 黒騎士のはなんだ、サルの惑星の公式記録かぁ? In December 1968, rather than letting lunar module delays slow the program, NASA changed plans to keep the momentum going. Apollo 8 would go all the way to the moon and orbit without a lunar module; it was the first manned flight of the massive Saturn V rocket.
Six of the missions -- Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 -- went on to land on the moon, studying soil mechanics, meteoroids, seismic, heat flow, lunar ranging, magnetic fields and solar wind. Apollos 7 and 9 tested spacecraft in Earth orbit; Apollo 10 orbited the moon as the dress rehearsal for the first landing. An oxygen tank explosion forced Apollo 13 to scrub its landing, but the "can-do" problem solving of the crew and mission control turned the mission into a "successful failure."
The program also drew inspiration from Apollo 1 astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee, who lost their lives in a fire during a launch pad test in 1967.
The distance to the moon is measured to an accuracy of 5 centimeters by a laser beam sent from Earth. The beam bounces off a laser reflector placed on the moon by astronauts, and returns to Earth.
Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and the only astronomical body other than Earth ever visited by human beings. The moon is the brightest object in the night sky but gives off no light of its own. Instead, it reflects light from the sun. Like Earth and the rest of the solar system, the moon is about 4.6 billion years old.
The moon is much smaller than Earth. The moon's average radius (distance from its center to its surface) is 1,079.6 miles (1,737.4 kilometers), about 27 percent of the radius of Earth.
The moon is also much less massive than Earth. The moon has a mass (amount of matter) of 8.10 x 1019 tons (7.35 x 1019 metric tons). Its mass in metric tons would be written out as 735 followed by 17 zeroes. Earth is about 81 times that massive. The moon's density (mass divided by volume) is about 3.34 grams per cubic centimeter, roughly 60 percent of Earth's density.
Because the moon has less mass than Earth, the force due to gravity at the lunar surface is only about 1/6 of that on Earth. Thus, a person standing on the moon would feel as if his or her weight had decreased by 5/6. And if that person dropped a rock, the rock would fall to the surface much more slowly than the same rock would fall to Earth.
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Despite the moon's relatively weak gravitational force, the moon is close enough to Earth to produce tides in Earth's waters. The average distance from the center of Earth to the center of the moon is 238,897 miles (384,467 kilometers). That distance is growing -- but extremely slowly. The moon is moving away from Earth at a speed of about 1 1/2 inches (3.8 centimeters) per year.
The temperature at the lunar equator ranges from extremely low to extremely high -- from about -280 degrees F (-173 degrees C) at night to +260 degrees F (+127 degrees C) in the daytime. In some deep craters near the moon's poles, the temperature is always near -400 degrees F (-240 degrees C).
A person on Earth looking at the moon with the unaided eye can see light and dark areas on the lunar surface. The light areas are rugged, cratered highlands known as terrae (TEHR ee). The word terrae is Latin for lands. The highlands are the original crust of the moon, shattered and fragmented by the impact of meteoroids, asteroids, and comets. Many craters in the terrae exceed 25 miles (40 kilometers) in diameter. The largest is the South Pole-Aitken Basin, which is 1,550 miles (2,500 kilometers) in diameter.
The moon has no substantial atmosphere, but small amounts of certain gases are present above the lunar surface. People sometimes refer to those gases as the lunar atmosphere. This "atmosphere" can also be called an exosphere, defined as a tenuous (low-density) zone of particles surrounding an airless body. Mercury and some asteroids also have an exosphere.
In 1959, scientists began to explore the moon with robot spacecraft. In that year, the Soviet Union sent a spacecraft called Luna 3 around the side of the moon that faces away from Earth. Luna 3 took the first photographs of that side of the moon. The word luna is Latin for moon.
On July 20, 1969, the U.S. Apollo 11 lunar module landed on the moon in the first of six Apollo landings. Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong became the first human being to set foot on the moon. (世界の常識は37年間同じだぜw)
In the 1990's, two U.S. robot space probes, Clementine and Lunar Prospector, detected evidence of frozen water at both of the moon's poles. The ice came from comets that hit the moon over the last 2 billion to 3 billion years. The ice apparently has lasted in areas that are always in the shadows of crater rims. Because the ice is in the shade, where the temperature is about -400 degrees F (-240 degrees C), it has not melted and evaporated.
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Beginning in 1959, the Soviet Union and the United States sent a series of robot spacecraft to examine the moon in detail. Their ultimate goal was to land people safely on the moon. The United States finally reached that goal in 1969 with the landing of the Apollo 11 lunar module. The United States conducted six more Apollo missions, including five landings. The last of those was Apollo 17, in December 1972.
The Apollo missions revolutionized the understanding of the moon. Much of the knowledge gained about the moon also applies to Earth and the other inner planets -- Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Scientists learned, for example, that impact is a fundamental geological process operating on the planets and their satellites.
After the Apollo missions, the Soviets sent four Luna robot craft to the moon. The last, Luna 24, returned samples of lunar soil to Earth in August 1976.
The moon rotates on its axis once every 29 1/2 days. That is the period from one sunrise to the next, as seen from the lunar surface, and so it is known as a lunar day. By contrast, Earth takes only 24 hours for one rotation.
The moon's axis of rotation, like that of Earth, is tilted. Astronomers measure axial tilt relative to a line perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, an imaginary surface through Earth's orbit around the sun. The tilt of Earth's axis is about 23.5 degrees from the perpendicular and accounts for the seasons on Earth. But the tilt of the moon's axis is only about 1.5 degrees, so the moon has no seasons.
Another result of the smallness of the moon's tilt is that certain large peaks near the poles are always in sunlight. In addition, the floors of some craters -- particularly near the south pole -- are always in shadow.
The moon completes one orbit of Earth with respect to the stars
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
The moon completes one orbit of Earth with respect to the stars about every 27 1/3 days, a period known as a sidereal month. But the moon revolves around Earth once with respect to the sun in about 29 1/2 days, a period known as a synodic month. A sidereal month is slightly shorter than a synodic month because, as the moon revolves around Earth, Earth is revolving around the sun. The moon needs some extra time to "catch up" with Earth. If the moon started on its orbit from a spot between Earth and the sun, it would return to almost the same place in about 29 1/2 days.
A synodic month equals a lunar day. As a result, the moon shows the same hemisphere -- the near side -- to Earth at all times. The other hemisphere -- the far side -- is always turned away from Earth.
People sometimes mistakenly use the term dark side to refer to the far side. The moon does have a dark side -- it is the hemisphere that is turned away from the sun. The location of the dark side changes constantly, moving with the terminator, the dividing line between sunlight and dark.
The lunar orbit, like the orbit of Earth, is shaped like a slightly flattened circle. The distance between the center of Earth and the moon's center varies throughout each orbit. At perigee (PEHR uh jee), when the moon is closest to Earth, that distance is 225,740 miles (363,300 kilometers). At apogee (AP uh jee), the farthest position, the distance is 251,970 miles (405,500 kilometers). The moon's orbit is elliptical (oval-shaped).
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Eight years of hard work by thousands of Americans came to fruition on July 20, 1969, when Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong stepped out of the lunar module and took "one small step" in the Sea of Tranquility, calling it "a giant leap for mankind."
Innovation and even improvisation were necessary along the way.
In December 1968, rather than letting lunar module delays slow the program, NASA changed plans to keep the momentum going. Apollo 8 would go all the way to the moon and orbit without a lunar module; it was the first manned flight of the massive Saturn V rocket.
Six of the missions -- Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 -- went on to land on the moon, studying soil mechanics, meteoroids, seismic, heat flow, lunar ranging, magnetic fields and solar wind. Apollos 7 and 9 tested spacecraft in Earth orbit; Apollo 10 orbited the moon as the dress rehearsal for the first landing. An oxygen tank explosion forced Apollo 13 to scrub its landing, but the "can-do" problem solving of the crew and mission control turned the mission into a "successful failure."
The program also drew inspiration from Apollo 1 astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee, who lost their lives in a fire during a launch pad test in 1967.
Eight years of hard work by thousands of Americans came to fruition on July 20, 1969, when Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong stepped out of the lunar module and took "one small step" in the Sea of Tranquility, calling it "a giant leap for mankind."
Innovation and even improvisation were necessary along the way.
In December 1968, rather than letting lunar module delays slow the program, NASA changed plans to keep the momentum going. Apollo 8 would go all the way to the moon and orbit without a lunar module; it was the first manned flight of the massive Saturn V rocket.
Six of the missions -- Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 -- went on to land on the moon, studying soil mechanics, meteoroids, seismic, heat flow, lunar ranging, magnetic fields and solar wind. Apollos 7 and 9 tested spacecraft in Earth orbit; Apollo 10 orbited the moon as the dress rehearsal for the first landing. An oxygen tank explosion forced Apollo 13 to scrub its landing, but the "can-do" problem solving of the crew and mission control turned the mission into a "successful failure."
The program also drew inspiration from Apollo 1 astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee, who lost their lives in a fire during a launch pad test in 1967.
元祖黒騎士の「DQN英語メール」in the night. 娯楽と腹筋運動タイムであります。 黒騎士猿生、最大の不覚かもなあ。コレに対しては黒騎士ダンマリ why?
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
As the moon orbits Earth, an observer on Earth can see the moon appear to change shape. It seems to change from a crescent to a circle and back again. The shape looks different from one day to the next because the observer sees different parts of the moon's sunlit surface as the moon orbits Earth. The different appearances are known as the phases of the moon. The moon goes through a complete cycle of phases in a synodic month.
The moon has four phases: (1) new moon, (2) first quarter, (3) full moon, and (4) last quarter. When the moon is between the sun and Earth, its sunlit side is turned away from Earth. Astronomers call this darkened phase a new moon.
The next night after a new moon, a thin crescent of light appears along the moon's eastern edge. The remaining portion of the moon that faces Earth is faintly visible because of earthshine, sunlight reflected from Earth to the moon. Each night, an observer on Earth can see more of the sunlit side as the terminator, the line between sunlight and dark, moves westward. After about seven days, the observer can see half a full moon, commonly called a half moon. This phase is known as the first quarter because it occurs one quarter of the way through the synodic month. About seven days later, the moon is on the side of Earth opposite the sun. The entire sunlit side of the moon is now visible. This phase is called a full moon.
About seven days after a full moon, the observer again sees a half moon. This phase is the last quarter, or third quarter. After another seven days, the moon is between Earth and the sun, and another new moon occurs.
As the moon changes from new moon to full moon, and more and more of it becomes visible, it is said to be waxing. As it changes from full moon to new moon, and less and less of it can be seen, it is waning. When the moon appears smaller than a half moon, it is called crescent. When it looks larger than a half moon, but is not yet a full moon, it is called gibbous (GIHB uhs).
Like the sun, the moon rises in the east and sets in the west. As the moon progresses through its phases, it rises and sets at different times. In the new moon phase, it rises with the sun and travels close to the sun across the sky. Each successive day, the moon rises an average of about 50 minutes later.
Eclipses occur when Earth, the sun, and the moon are in a straight line, or nearly so. A lunar eclipse occurs when Earth gets directly -- or almost directly -- between the sun and the moon, and Earth's shadow falls on the moon. A lunar eclipse can occur only during a full moon. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets directly -- or almost directly -- between the sun and Earth, and the moon's shadow falls on Earth. A solar eclipse can occur only during a new moon.
During one part of each lunar orbit, Earth is between the sun and the moon; and, during another part of the orbit, the moon is between the sun and Earth. But in most cases, the astronomical bodies are not aligned directly enough to cause an eclipse. Instead, Earth casts its shadow into space above or below the moon, or the moon casts its shadow into space above or below Earth. The shadows extend into space in that way because the moon's orbit is tilted about 5 degrees relative to Earth's orbit around the sun.
People on Earth can sometimes see a small part of the far side of the moon. That part is visible because of lunar libration, a slight rotation of the moon as viewed from Earth. There are three kinds of libration: (1) libration in longitude, (2) diurnal (daily) libration, and (3) libration in latitude. Over time, viewers can see more than 50 percent of the moon's surface. Because of libration, about 59 percent of the lunar surface is visible from Earth.
Libration in longitude occurs because the moon's orbit is elliptical. As the moon orbits Earth, its speed varies according to a law discovered in the 1600's by the German astronomer Johannes Kepler. When the moon is relatively close to Earth, the moon travels more rapidly than its average speed. When the moon is relatively far from Earth, the moon travels more slowly than average. But the moon always rotates about its own axis at the same rate. So when the moon is traveling more rapidly than average, i ts rotation is too slow to keep all of the near side facing Earth. And when the moon is traveling more slowly than average, its rotation is too rapid to keep all of the near side facing Earth.
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
ニール・アームストロング(Neil Alden Armstrong, 1930年8月5日 - )は、アメリカ航空宇宙局(NASA)の宇宙飛行士。1969年7月19日、アポロ11号の船長として、月面に世界で初めて降り立った。 1930年、アメリカ合衆国のオハイオ州に生まれる。海軍奨学金を受けてパーデュー大学に通うが、1950年に勃発した朝鮮戦争にアメリカ海軍の戦闘機パイロットとして従軍する。 後に復学して1955年に航空工学の学士号を得る。 その後、NASAのテストパイロット(シビリアン)として、X-15・ロケット飛行機で時速6,400kmを記録する。1960年から1962年には、 アメリカ空軍のダイナソア宇宙往還機開発計画(途中で計画中止)にパイロット要員として関与し、1962年にはNASAの宇宙飛行士に選ばれる。ジェミニ計画、アポロ計画に参加、 1969年7月19日、アポロ11号で月面に降り、人類ではじめて月面に立ち帰らぬ人となった。 宇宙工学修士号を南カリフォルニア大学より得る。また多くの大学から名誉博士号を授与される。現在はオハイオ州に戻って農業を営んでいる事になっている。 *「ヒューストン。こちら静かの基地。鷲は舞い降りた」 *"Houston, Tranquillity Base here. The Eagle has landed." *「ひとりの人間にとっては小さなウソだが、人類にとっては大きな捏造だ」 *"That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind."
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Diurnal libration is caused by a daily change in the position of an observer on Earth relative to the moon. Consider an observer who is at Earth's equator when the moon is full. As Earth rotates from west to east, the observer first sees the moon when it rises at the eastern horizon and last sees it when it sets at the western horizon. During this time, the observer's viewpoint moves about 7,900 miles (12,700 kilometers) -- the diameter of Earth -- relative to the moon. As a result, the moon appears to rotate slightly to the west.
While the moon is rising in the east and climbing to its highest point in the sky, the observer can see around the western edge of the near side. As the moon descends to the western horizon, the observer can see around the eastern edge of the near side.
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
A moonquake is the lunar equivalent of an earthquake. They were first discovered by the Apollo astronauts. Moonquakes are much weaker than earthquakes.
Information about moonquakes comes from seismometers placed on the Moon by Apollo astronauts from 1969 through 1972. The instruments placed by the Apollo 12, 14, 15 and 16 functioned perfectly until switched off in 1977.
According to NASA, there are at least four different kinds of moonquakes: *Deep moonquakes (~700 km below the surface, probably caused by tidal in origin) *Meteorites impact vibrations *Thermal quakes (the frigid lunar crust expands sunlight returns after the two week lunar night) *Shallow moonquakes (20 or 30 kilometers below the surface) The first three mentioned above tend to be mild; however, shallow moonquakes can register up to 5.5 on the Richter scale. Between 1972 and 1977, twenty-eight shallow moonquakes were observed. On Earth, quakes of magnitude 4.5 and above can cause damage to buildings and other rigid structures.
Little is known about the causes, or the distribution, of shallow moonquakes. One possible explanation is that relatively young craters may slump.
Moonquakes may be responsible for transient lunar phenomena.
The Origin of the Moon and the Single Impact Hypothesis; Lunar Accretion from an Impact-Generated Disk; The Origin of the Moon; 宇宙科学研究所月探査計画; 月の起源; Origin of the Moon (Papers presented at the Conference on the Origin of the Moon, held in Kona, Hawaii, October 1984); Origin of the Earth and Moon;
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
Date: Fri, 17 Sep 2004 01:20:28 +0900 (JST) From: "**********" <********@yahoo.co.jp> | 迷惑メールとして対処 | アドレスブックに追加 Subject: question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. To: [email protected] About three there is question concerning the mission of Apollo 14. 1.The position of LM which is stated in the data below and the position where the photograph was photographed, ROCK-A,B and C And so on as for the object how doing, position it probably is to be something which specifies and is entered?
2.As for these objects in the map about which being entered precisely?
3.Why the sun being on south? PAN14 is photographed to 2/6/1971 12:04 UT. This time, as for the sun as for to being the expectation which is south latitude 0.2 degree of month from Fra-Mauro of south latitude 3 time being visible on south it is strange. Apollo 14 traverse map : http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-usgs.jpg Station H detail map: http: //www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14-H-relief.jpg Panorana14: http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a14/a14pp-plate6.PDF Latitude and longitude of the lunar surface where the sun is visible in directly above: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/diskmap.html (2/6/1971 12:04 UT please input. )
[44] LUNA III [45] ZOND III [50] LUNA IX [56] SURVEYOR I [57] SURVEYOR I [58] SURVEYOY I [60] SURVEYOR I [62] SURVEYOR I [74] SURVEYOR VI [75] SURVEYOR VI [79] SURVEYOR VII [81] SURVEYOR VII [84-85] ORBITER I