In the course of the study which began in 1991 14 tigers have been trapped and radio-collared and their movements and behaviour are under continuous monitoring. 1991年からの研究において、 14匹の虎が罠により捕獲され、無線発信機を取り付けることにより、間断なくその活動をモニタリングすることが可能となった。
Brown bears which have also been radio-collared have been found to take over tiger kills. 同じように発信機を取り付けたことによって、その 羆達が虎達の獲物を 横取りすることも判明した。
オズモンド・ブレランド(Animal Life and Lore,1963)は、かつてカリフォルニアでライオンとハイイログマの戦いが行われたと書いている。 そして彼も詳しい経過はわからないようだが、ハイイログマが勝ったという。 西部開拓時代のアリーナは時の労働者を興奮させたようだが、現代人の想像力も刺激する。 ブルドッグやウシと共にハイイログマもよく登場した。 後脚で立ち上がって雄牛を迎えうち、突進してきたウシに前足で強烈な打撃をくわえ、そのまま両手でウシを押さえて頭部に噛みつき捻り倒す。 ウシは首の骨を折って死ぬ。この手でライオンも倒したのだろうか。 California Reader によると、ロサンゼルスで捕獲されたハイイログマがメキシコのモンテレイに送られ、ピットでライオンと戦ったことがあった。 この時クマはまるでネコがネズミを扱うように簡単に素早くライオンを殺してしまったので、観衆は何が起こったのかすぐには理解できなかったほどだった。
http://www.napa.ufl.edu/digest/stories/chomper0903.html the National Geographic Society(ナショナルジオグラフィック), the Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences and the University of Florida(フロリダ大学) The lion, for example, has a bite force of about 940 pounds(約427kg), slightly less than the hyena’s roughly 1,000 pounds(454kg). The only shark tested, the dusky shark, achieves about 330 pounds(約150kg), while a common dog, the Labrador, bites at a mere 125 pounds(約57kg) or so. Anyone ever jawed by a toddler might judge the strength of the human bite force to be near infinite. But people bite at a maximum force of about 170 pounds(約77kg), just one-thirteenth the strength of a large gator. (ライオン427kg、ハイエナ454kg、ラブラドール57kg、人間77kg)。 ※1.約80匹に皮を巻いた鉄の棒を噛ませて測定したが、その内の45匹の測定に成功したようだ。 ※2.これらの数値を測定したフロリダ大学の生物学者によると、噛む力は動物の大きさ(同種) に関係しているそうです。この記事中には無いが、記事中のワニより更に一回り 大きなワニは約1340kgを記録したそうです。 ※3.ライオンやワニ等の上述各種数値は最高値(平均ではないようだ)のようだ。 ソース(University of Florida and University of California, Berkeley) http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/96/960827tyrexbite.html Stanford University(スタンフォード大学) Greater forces would have been exerted simultaneously by teeth further back in the mouth nearer the jaw hinge. From the data the researchers calculated this force to be 3,011 pounds. By comparison, a human exerts a maximum force of about 175 pounds with the rear teeth, an African lion about 937 pounds, and an alligator slightly less than 3,000 pounds. (二) http://www.ntv.co.jp/FERC/research/20000618/r054.html 「噛み付く力は、772kgとトラの2倍にも達する。」 ゆえに虎の噛む力は推定約390kgとなる。
そうですね、ホーノッカーですもんね。 the brown bear will often dispute a tiger's kill. (In the many accounts of bear-tiger confrontations, both animals are alleged to have been the victors; however, it is commonly agreed that the bear prefers to contest the much smaller female tiger, lest it become an item of tiger diet.)
http://www.tigers.ru/articles/tab_eng.html#tab1 1972 r.Komissarovka Pogranichny killed by bear 1981 v.Novo-Vladimirovka Spassky shot dead after provoked attack on hunters; had been wounded by brown bear 雄の成獣のトラがクマに致命傷を負わされた実例。
Two large male tigers were found killed by such animals in the year 2000, which is tragic, if natures way. 2000年に、この動物(ヒグマ)によって2匹の大きい雄トラが殺されているのが発見されました。もしそれが自然の摂理であるなら悲劇的です
Evidently when the bear found that he was receiving the worst end of the fight he had attempted to escape up the tree but his powerful antagonist had pulled him back and he had clawed the bark off with his paws in trying to hold to the tree while the panther was preventing him from going up the tree. Appearances indicated that the bear had made several efforts to climb the tree before his enemy finally killed him."
「クロクマとピューマ(科学的研究資料>読み物)」 http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/dfw_bear_biology_faqs.htm 1.Popular accounts sometimes claim that mountain lions prey on black bears. While possible, evidence is sparse. In Arizona, a mountain lion was responsible for 1 (12%) of 8 identified cub mortalities. 一般的な読み物では、ピューマがクロクマを捕食する記述が時たま見られる。 しかし、可能性としては有り得ても、証拠に乏しいです。アリゾナでは、死亡していたクロクマの幼獣を調べたところ、八匹中の一匹の死亡にピューマが関わっていた。 A study in Wyoming found that black bears displaced mountain lions from 50% of the lion-killed carcasses they visited but physical contact was not documented. ワイオミング州の研究では、「ピューマが獲物を獲ると、クロクマがやって来て、その内の二回に一回はクロクマがピューマを追っ払いその獲物を奪っていること」が明らかになった。
http://www.ursusjournal.com/volumes/09REYNOL.PDF Of these, 46 (50%) were known kills, 37 (40%) were possible kills or scavenging,and 9 (10%) were chases. Deaths of 61 radiocollared muskoxen documented during this period included 10(16%) killed by bears and 14 (23%) eaten and possibly killed by bears (Fig. 2). 1982-2001の間に記録された92の事例の中で46例(50%)は熊がジャコウウシを殺したもので、37事例(40%)は恐らく熊による殺害であると考えられるもの又は熊が死骸を漁ったものです(※9回は熊がジャコウウシを追いかけていた)。 その中の無線機を付けられていたジャコウウシ(61頭)の中で10頭(16%)は熊により殺された。14頭(23%)は熊に食べられており、恐らく熊らに殺されたと思われる。
http://www.helenair.com/articles/2004/05/02/top/a01050204_01.txt "All the bears did is travel around sniffing out kills that the wolves or lions made," he said. "They would then displace them from the carcass and feed." (要約)過去30年間に渡り北米で27000km以上の距離を歩きグリズリーを観察した研究家は、グレーシャー公園内の幾つかの熊が冬の間も巣穴に入らないことを確認した。 彼によると、熊が冬眠をしなくて良かった理由は、「熊は単に獲物を仕留めたオオカミやピューマの所に行って、それらの動物を追い払うだけで獲物を得られた」からだそうだ。
http://www.wildlife.utah.gov/bear/pdf/00bearplan.pdf The weight of black bears varies. A male black bear that weighed 816 pounds was recorded in Minnesota in 1991. A female in Pennsylvania weighed 454 pounds (Rogers 1992). 約370kgの雄の黒熊が1991年にMinnesotaで記録されている。Pennsylvaniaでは約206kgの雌が記録された(Rogers 1992).
However, the mature western black bear male will typically be 250 - 300 pounds and the female 150-180 pounds in mid summer. These weights vary depending on season, age, and food supply. しかし、大人の黒熊は典型的に雄で約113-136kgで雌は約68-82kgです。体重は季節、年齢、食料の多寡により変化します。
An Idaho study (Beecham and Rohlman 1994) showed a weight difference between male and female bears of all ages of 77 pounds (n=132). A Colorado study (Beck 1991) of a limited number of bears showed mean sumer weights of 280 pounds for males and 167 pounds for females.In Utah,large males in summer may weigh over 300 pounds and adult females 130 to 150 pounds. Coloradoでの(Beck 1991)の限定的な数の熊の調査では夏季の平均体重は雄は約127kgで雌は約76kgでした。Utahでは大きな雄達は夏季に約136kg超、雌らは約60-68kg超になるかもしれない。
http://www.sitnews.us/0604news/061206/061204_ak_science.html "Peterson's team has seen a single wolf kill a moose 11 times, which weakens the notion that wolves hunt in packs because of the difficulty of killing a moose without help. Vucetich, Peterson and Waite used the years of data from the Isle Royale wolf study to calculate that-in terms of energy burned and meat gained-wolves would do best hunting in pairs.
(論文名) [The epidemiology of tuberculosis in free-ranging lions in the Kruger]
National Park Keet DF1, Kriek NPJ2, and Mills MGL3 1 State Veterinary, Kruger National Park 2 Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria 3 Scientific Services, Kruger National Park
P72
Northern adult lions are significantly heavier than their southern counterparts (Females: 118.37 kg versus 143.52 kg, males: 186.55 kg versus 200.01 kg).
(ソース)adult black bears are practically immune to predation from all North American animals except grizzly-brown bears(Ursus arctos) and timber wolves(Canis lupus).
While following the tracks of tigers, we succeeded in elucidating the series of behaviors used by tigers when hunting moose, Manchurian deer, wild boar, and bears. The tiger kills all types of prey almost instantaneously, biting through the neck vertebrae at the back of the head with canine teeth that reach 6 cm in length. Only large bears, due to the fat layer at the nape of their neck, cannot be immediately killed.
In 13 years of radio-tracking tigers, we have never found a tiger that we even suspected might have been killed by a bear, although there are a few reports of brown bear predation on tiger cubs in the Russian literature. The reports of adult male tigers killed by brown bears are simply not true.
"simply not true" つうのが痛いですね。 羆がトラの子を殺したことはあるそうだが、これもグッドリッチさんは本で読んだことがあるだけのようだし。
In the course of the study which began in 1991 14 tigers have been trapped and radio-collared and their movements and behaviour are under continuous monitoring. 1991年からの研究において、14匹の虎が罠により捕獲され、無線発信機を取り付けられたことにより、間断なくその活動をモニタリングすることが可能となった。
Brown bears which have also been radio-collared have been found to take over tiger kills. 同じように発信機を取り付けたことによって、そのヒグマ達が複数の虎の獲物をとることも判明した。
One researcher observed a tiger drag a wild goat it had just caught into a natural pit and began feeding. He then saw an Asiatic black bear sneak up to the pit with the greatest care and caution. Taking only quick peeks to see how things were, he waited until the tiger was totally engrossed in feeding. He carefully placed all four feet on the edge of the pit, checked his balance and aim, then suddenly hurled himself into the pit with a tremendous screaming roar. Some truly appalling sounds of combat ensued and the tiger soon came leaping out of the pit, blood streaming from numerous wounds and ran tearing off into the forest. The black bear delightedly ate the rest of the goat at his leisure.
All, i watched the event at 9pm last evening. 皆さん、私は昨日の夜9時から見ました。
The grizzly destroyed the tiger. グリズリーはトラを破壊しました。
The extremely powerful blow reported by some individuals here, knocked the tiger over and the bear walked away unconcerned. ここの何人かの人も報告したとおりに、物凄い力の一撃でトラが倒されました。クマが何事も無かったかのように立ち去りました。
The tiger attacked again so the bear hit it again with full force and broke its back. Game over. トラが再び攻撃したので、クマは力いっぱいトラを叩いてその背骨を折りました。ゲームオーバー。
Tor, No i do not neccersarily agree with your suggestion. There have been a number of well documented cases of brown bears bettering and even killing siberian tigers in the amur forest but these bears never get anywhere near 800lb. as a rule. My firm belief based on my own experience of living in bear territory, is that about 7 bears have been recorded as having been taken predatiously. These animals are in the area of 600lb. and have been taken with the benefit of suprise advantage. (predation) I certainly would not be too quick to back a siberian tiger against even a 600lb bear in a fight situation.
http://www.wildlifesurvival.com/tigerinfo.htm Threats to the Siberian tiger are: Poaching, disappearing forests and habitats by deforestation, bad weather conditions that cause their prey not to be able to find food which in turn causes scarcity in the tiger's food supply. Other carnivores such as the brown bear will steal their food right out from under them. ヒグマがトラのもとより餌を盗む。 ここでは、それを虎に対する脅威のひとつとして捉えてるようです(森林破壊による餌の不足 との合わせ技と言う意味合いなのかも)。
「ロシア」の各地域に精通しているこれらの組織のHPにさえヒグマが キングだと言われている。常識ならこんなことを 言う組織はこれほど出ないでしょうね。 http://gotorussia.vand.ru/new/hf/index.phtml BROWN BEAR/This is the king of Russian wilderness.(ロシアの野生の王)。 http://www.reapintl.com/lakebaikal.shtml Animals found near Lake Baikal include elk, deer, musk deer, moose and brown bear (also known as the "Lords of the Taiga")(タイガの王として知られている)。
The bear, hesitating to fight with the tiger, set off for the nearest tree, but, just as it reached it, it was overtaken by the tiger. Judging from the tracks on the ground, a furious fight must have taken place between the two great carnivores, for the snow under the tree was ploughed up, besprinkled with blood and covered with bear's hair. But the fight was fruitless for the tiger, for the bear finally freed itself from the latter's claws and made its escape. The tiger continued its way without the much needed meal.
Bengal, Sumatran, and Indochinese tigers (Panthera tigris tigris, Panthera tigris sumatrae, and Panthera tigris corbetti): Depending upon where sun bears live, one of these tiger subspecies may share the same forest, and periodically prey on the bears.
The tiger (Panthera tigris) is a threat even to adult bears; I have recorded several interactions between these two large carnivores in the last five years at Panna, including a sloth bear having been killed and eaten by a tigress and her cubs.
The main predator of U. thibetanus is the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris). The fact that tiger kills are a favorite food of U. thibetanus leaves it susceptible to tiger attacks when the tiger returns to its kill and finds the bear feeding on the carrion. (Kanchanasakha, Than, and Simcharoen, 1998)
Dale forwarded your letter to me because I am one of the people who captured, named, and tracked the tiger named Dale. デールさん(Dale Miquelle博士)があなた(巨大動物図鑑の管理人さん)からの手紙を私に転送しました。なぜなら、私はデールと言うトラを捕まえて、名付けて、追跡した人の一人です。 I had never heard of the book you mention, nor to I remember meeting or providing information to the author and his text is somewhat exaggerated. あなたが言及した本(The Last Big Cats)の事を私は聞いた事がなかったし、その著者に会ったり、情報を提供したりした覚えもないし、彼の文書はいくらか大げさに書いてあります。 Dale, the tiger, weighed 455 lbs at his heaviest and indeed did prey on bears quite frequently. トラのデールの体重は最も重い時、455ポンドでした。事実、クマを頻繁にえじきにしました。 He regularly killed and ate both brown bears and Asiatic black bears. 彼は頻繁にヒグマも、ツキノワグマも殺して食べました。 However, the largest bears that he killed were adult female brown bears that were likely all smaller than he was. しかし、彼が殺した最も大きいクマはすべて成獣の雌のヒグマで、恐らく、そのクマはすべて彼よりも小さかったです。
スミソニアン国立動物公園の意見 Smithsonian National Zoological Park http://natzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/1999/2/fact-brown.cfm In their small range in eastern Russia,the endangered Amur, or Siberian, tiger(Panthera tigris altaica) lives in areas inhabited by brown bears. They sometimes prey on young bears.
Siberian tigers are the largest of all the tiger subspecies, with male tigers averaging up to 700 lbs. and female tigers averaging up to 500 lbs. An average Siberian tiger is 12-13 feet from the nose to the tip of the tail and three feet high at the shoulders. Siberian tigers are the only tigers to live in cold weather, often below -18 degrees C, and get their name from the region in which they live, the Amur-Ussuri region of Siberia. In fact, they are quite comfortable in cold weather. The tigers manage to stay warm partly because of a layer of fat on its flanks and belly. The thick, long, light yellow coat also helps keep the tiger warm during the harsh winters of the Siberian wild. The Siberian tiger's coat is a sharp contrast to that of other tiger species, whose coats are darker and ch thinner.
Brown Bear is a large bear with a muscular hump on its shoulders. Bear is one of the most beautiful animals in Siberian forests. There are brown bears in Russia, but we know about arctic - polar bears and mountain - black bears. Siberian bear is brown. It's big and strong. People call it THE TAIGA MASTER, because it is the strongest animal here. A bear is a predatory animal but also it likes mushrooms, berries, nuts and honey. One of the favourite meals for bears is fish. Bears spend a lot of time on the riverside for swimming and fishing in the summer time. Winter is sleeping time for bears. Bears make a special home-den under the tree and sleep in it all the winter. A bear is a hero of many Russian tales.
One brown bear, which was staying in an area permanently inhabited by tigers, clearly felt himself to be the complete master in that place. Another brown bear, once abruptly turned away from his former path upon his encounter with tiger tracks
http://peaceriverrefuge.org/Tiger.html Threats to the Siberian tiger are: Poaching, disappearing forests and habitats by deforestation, bad weather conditions that cause their prey not to be able to find food which in turn causes scarcity in the tiger's food supply. Other carnivores such as the brown bear will steal their food right out from under them.
http://big_game.at.infoseek.co.jp/combat/combat1.html サイベリアン・タイガー・プロジェクトのリーダー、Dale Miquelle にちなんで名付られた雄トラ Dale について Maurice Hornocker と Howard Quigley が Erwin A. Bauer(2003)に語ったところによれば、クマ殺しに精通したこのトラはアカシカやイノシシなどが不足していない時でさえ、自分のほとんど倍もある(原文のまま)ヒグマの後をつけ捕食していた。 彼らはトラを追跡して8頭のクマの死骸を確認したことがある。猛烈な戦いが展開されたと推察されたのは1例だけで、あとはトラはたいして苦もなくクマをしとめていた。 天敵の脅威にさらされることもなく徘徊・採餌しているヒグマに油断があったとしか考えられないと彼らは言う(The Last Big Cats)。
巨動さんがThe Last Big Catsの話を仕入れたのが、最初にグッドリッチへメールを送った米の掲示板であるのは間違いない(Tiger Conservation Project by Studentsもそこに出ていた)。 英語が堪能と思われる巨動さんならThe Last Big Catsの信憑性に疑問が出てきた事は把握できていたと思うが、 その事を無視してしかも一ヶ月以上も間隔を置いて(Tiger Conservation Project by Studentsは去年の12月中旬、The Last Big Catsは今年の1月中旬に掲示)、信憑性の低い本の情報を掲示したのは実に不思議である。
John Goodrich(私信)によると: Dale(最も重い時で206kg)は確かにヒグマやツキノワグマを頻繁に捕食していた。 このトラに殺され食べられたクマの体重はせいぜい推定するしかなかったが、Dale が自分よりも大きなクマを殺した例はなく、倍もあるヒグマを殺したなどというのはかなり大げさだ。 Dale がしとめた最大のクマは成獣の雌のヒグマだが、このあたりの雌のヒグマは400ポンド(約180kg)を超えることは稀である。 彼(Bauer)が言うような戦いは確かにあった。しかしクマには天敵がいない云々との彼の結論は私(Goodrich)には無意味だ。
その私信
Of course, we could only estimate the bear’s body size because he ate them, but adult female brown bears in this area rarely weigh more than 400 lbs. We never found a bear killed by Dale that we thought was larger than he was and certainly never “twice his size”. The fight he describes is true. His conclusion makes no sense to me whatsoever, i.e., tigers are natural predators.
the brown bear will often dispute a tiger's kill. (In the many accounts of bear-tiger confrontations, both animals are alleged to have been the victors; however, it is commonly agreed that the bear prefers to contest the much smaller female tiger, lest it become an item of tiger diet.)
All, i watched the event at 9pm last evening. 皆さん、私は昨日の夜9時から見ました。
The grizzly destroyed the tiger. グリズリーはトラを破壊しました。
The extremely powerful blow reported by some individuals here, knocked the tiger over and the bear walked away unconcerned. ここの何人かの人も報告したとおりに、物凄い力の一撃でトラが倒されました。クマが何事も無かったかのように立ち去りました。
The tiger attacked again so the bear hit it again with full force and broke its back. Game over. トラが再び攻撃したので、クマは力いっぱいトラを叩いてその背骨を折りました。ゲームオーバー。
While in dens, 1 Asiatic black bear was killed by a tiger (Panthera tigris) and 2 other Asiatic black bears survived predation attempts, one by a tiger and one by a brown bear.
>>206 はじめまして、よろしくおねがいします。 そうあなたは中立派だったはず、しばらくあなたのレス見てなかったが今見たら 完全にクマ派になってますね、196さんの言うとおりだと思います。 >ネコ科有利情報も取り扱っていくようにも努力してみます 是非お願いします。 早速ですがこのソースはもう知ってますか? シベリアトラの権威グッドリッチ博士の返信メール Much of the information you have found is false. In 13 years of radio-tracking tigers, we have never found a tiger that we even suspected might have been killed by a bear, although there are a few reports of brown bear predation on tiger cubs in the Russian literature. The reports of adult male tigers killed by brown bears are simply not true. Interactions at tiger kills are common though and bears occasionally usurp kills from tigers. Adult male tigers also commonly prey on bears, including adult female brown bears.
tigers in the snow P152 will drive off all but a large male brown トラは大きなヒグマ以外は追い払える
tigers in the snowのプレビューサイト however, it is commonly agreed that the bear prefers to contest the much smaller female tiger, lest it become an item of tiger diet.) しかしクマは逆に餌食とされてしまうのを避けるため、主に雌のトラを 相手に選んでいるようだという点で関係者の意見は一致している。
http://www.tigers.ru/books/ecolog/ch12_en.html Various reactions were observed in such situations in the case of bears. One brown bear, which was staying in an area permanently inhabited by tigers, clearly felt himself to be the complete master in that place. 熊の場合には、そう言う状況の中で、いくつかの反応が観察された。 いつもトラの棲んでいる地域に、あるヒグマは留まっていたが、明らかにその場所のマスターとして完全に支配しているように振舞った。
http://www.tigers.ru/books/ecolog/ch4_en.html The bear must be assigned first place among the predatory mammals that can be numbered among the competitors, the plunderers of the prey of the tiger, or the objects of its hunts. Both species of bears indigenous to the fauna of Primor'e inhabited the long-term study site.? During the "snowy" period of the year, contacts between a tiger and a bear can occur during only very narrow time intervals at the beginning and at the end of winter. トラの餌食を横取りしようとする動物の中で、クマに一位を割り当てなければならない。両方の種類のPrimor'eに住むクマは長期研究した場所に住んでいます。 年の中の雪の時期に、トラとクマが接触出来るのは冬の始まりと終わりのとても限られている時期だけである。
as some of you may remember, this article was my last post sometime last spring before I retired from the boards for a while. Now, the reason why I'm reposting it is to hear some input from a few of the newer members here who probably have missed it. I'm also hoping it will spice up the tiger vs bear debate, which I see has become somewhat stale and repetitive.
I'm sorry that I'm no longer able to point you to the source, but it was from a Russian hunting site, detailing a hunter's diary (the English version of the site, of course).
Enjoy the read!
"Climbing over the steep ridge was no small task for the hunters, since the heavy snowfall of the past few weeks had made the conditions treacherous for both man and beast. The tiger was far ahead, but the tracking itself was easy due to the help of their trusted hunting dog, Ziv. Ziv had been trained for the task ever since he was a pup, and he had proven his character more times than his owners cared to count. He would always be up for the task, no matter what kind of quarry he was set upon. Ziv had excelled in tiger, boar, bear- and lynx tracking, and he was invaluable to Boris and Iziaslav. The very thought of losing him to the tiger was simply unacceptable. Ziv could not be replaced by any other hound, and if he was lost, their very livelyhood would be at risk. Therefore the men kept close to the dog at all times, never letting him out of sight.
They reached the top of the snowy ridge, and surely enough, their quarry was within sight, around a hundred meters downhill. It was a magnificent specimen indeed- Iziaslav had said that in all his hunting years he had never encountered a tiger of such size and royal demeanor. The mighty beast was seemingly in defiance of the very elements of nature, holding his head high against the bitterly cold wind. The men were lucky that day, with the direction of the wind being in their favor. The tiger never knew it was being followed, so it made no attempt to lose it's pursuers, making an otherwise impossible task (considering the condition of the weather) a hard, yet rewarding challenge.
The tiger had caught scent of something, so the men didn't advance further, and waited to see if he would go after whatever poor animal had caught his attention. Surely enough, he arched his back and crept toward his soon-to-be victim. Minutes passed, and nothing seemed to happen, with the tiger warily advancing toward his point of interest. At this point, the men lost sight of it once it disappeared behind a copse of trees, and further around a bend in the ridge. Ziv's services were once again called for, and a trudging descent down the steep hillside began, with both men being exhausted from dehyration and numb from the cold. Even so, the pursuit continued ever on, as neither was willing to give up no matter how weary they felt, since they were so close to finishing their mission.
All of a sudden, there was a loud crash, resonating off the side of the ridge. It appeared that the tiger was taking down it's prey, and making quite a commotion while doing so. The men could not bear to approach with as much caution as they had before, because the scene which was being played out would not last long. They had witnessed the tiger's killing prowess first hand, and they knew that once the prey had been catched, the struggle would end as abruptly as it had began. Even though they were hunters and woodsmen and both had seen plenty of Mother Nature's grand displays in their time, they still could not bear to pass on the opportunity to witness a tiger making a kill, especially from such a close distance.
What they encountered was not at all what they had expected. The tiger's chosen prey animal was far from helpess, and it seemed that this time the Great Amur had picked a fight from which it might never walk out alive. A huge male brown bear had been assaulted, and from the gashes on his back, the hunters could discern that an attempted leap and neck bite from the tiger had taken place, with no success. The bear was howling with rage, and the snow around it was sprinkled with fresh blood from the claw wounds it had received. Only God knows what had posessed the tiger to challenge such a mighty foe to a duel, since both male bears and tigers were usually notably wary of each other. Boris had seen such a clash once before (not counting the numerous times he and Iziaslav had seen a tiger take down a less robust female bear), with the bear chasing the tiger off. This time it seemed that neither animal was willing to back down, with the bear standing knee-deep in the thick snow, turning to face the tiger who circled around it.
Every time the tiger made an attempt to lunge at the bear, he was repelled by it's flailing paws. It seemed that this particular bear had had his fair share of encounters with tigers in the past, since he made no attempt to wear himself down by taking the role of the aggressor. He just stood his ground calmly, and turned to face the tiger whenever it tried to get behind him. Finally, after a seemingly endless game of cat and mouse, the tiger launched himself at the bear in a flurry of claws and jaws clashing, seeking for the bruin's throat. This was a crucial mistake for the tiger, since his attack was cut short in midair: the bear caught him with a glancing blow to the side of the head, sending him tumbling through the snow. The tiger was dazed, but it tried to get to it's feet, failing to do so at the first attempt. For a moment, the bear looked on, seemingly in awe. If it had any resemblance of human emotions, both hunters could have sworn on their lives that the bear looked like it was surprised by it's own strength. Maybe it hadn't anticipated for the tiger to go down with only one blow, or maybe it had fought with tigers before with a different outcome. Whichever the case was, the bruin soon realized the situation, and went for the tiger, slapping it across the ribs with a powerful blow. The hapless tiger was caught between a fallen, hollow tree and the bear's paw, and both tree and bone shattered with a loud crack. The tiger lay still, and stirred no more, even though the bear clamped down on it's head with his jaws, furiously biting at his fallen adversary.
The mighty tiger had been vanquished, which was a sight neither of the hunters had expected to see. A great sadness filled their hearts as they slowly backed away from the scene. Even Ziv was quietly whimpering, although it was likely due to the intense cold and harsh weather, which had taken a turn for the worse as the events transpired. There was nothing more here for the two hunters and their canine companion, so they embarked on their journey home through the snowy forest, picking up their pace to make it back before dusk was upon them."
http://discovery.infopop.net/1/OpenTopic?q=Y&a=tpc&s=6941912904&f=16010835&m=656100004&p=5 ではこれはどうかな mellivora I'm trying to figure out which is the dominant carnivore in their relationship. It seems they are natural enemies, who will kill each other given the opportunity, much like lions and hyenas. You mentioned that bears sometimes kill tigers particularly cubs and that tigers will predate on female bears roughly their size, has their been any interaction between tigers and large male bears?
I realize that their diets are very different, yet they still seem to compete with and harbor animosity towards each other. Again any information you can provide will be greatly appreciated. Thank you for your time.
ユージン・ビクトル博士の調査 http://www.tigers.ru/articles/tab_eng.html#tab1 1972 r.Komissarovka Pogranichny killed by bear 1981 v.Novo-Vladimirovka Spassky shot dead after provoked attack on hunters; had been wounded by brown bear 雄の成獣のトラがクマに致命傷を負わされた実例。 http://www.tigers.ru/articles/nickl_e.html 「3 tigers died from wounds received in fights, one each with a bear,」 同じくクマに殺されたトラ
As the van jolts and bounces through the darkness, Goodrich talks about his work, and about what he and his wife, Linda Kerley, have learned in their three years here. Siberian tigers generally feast on elk or boar; but sometimes they eat wolves, and one male at Sikhote-Alin specializes in brown bears. He weighs in at 445 pounds; he'll kill bears bigger than he is. He killed one bear and dragged it a mile.
1:デールと言うトラはヒグマを何頭か殺して食べた。ただし、確認された中にデールより大きな個体はいない←これが真実 ↓ 2:デールと言うトラは大きなヒグマを殺すだろう←Will Englund記者=>>237 ↓ 3:デールと言うトラは自分より大きなヒグマを殺す←tigers in the snow ↓ 4:デールと言うトラは自分のほとんど倍もあるヒグマを殺す←The Last Big Cats
brown bear cubs are killed more often (indicating that male tigers can drive away the defending mother bear) and the smaller Himalayan black bear is a very common ingredient on the Amur tiger’s menu.
殺されたトラのデータは雄成獣、体格は168kg、栄養状態はまあまあよかったみたいです。 正確にいうと即死ではなく、ヒグマとの格闘による傷により、死に至ったようです。 もう一匹のデータは不明ですが、こちらはkilled by brown bearとあるので即死でしょう。当然、無作為抽出の8匹なので、例えばトラが年間80匹人間の手にかからずに死んだとすれば、20匹前後は熊が関与していると考えるべきでしょう。
One researcher observed a tiger drag a wild goat it had just caught into a natural pit and began feeding. He then saw an Asiatic black bear sneak up to the pit with the greatest care and caution. Taking only quick peeks to see how things were, he waited until the tiger was totally engrossed in feeding. He carefully placed all four feet on the edge of the pit, checked his balance and aim, then suddenly hurled himself into the pit with a tremendous screaming roar. Some truly appalling sounds of combat ensued and the tiger soon came leaping out of the pit, blood streaming from numerous wounds and ran tearing off into the forest. The black bear delightedly ate the rest of the goat at his leisure.
http://www.tigers.ru/books/ecolog/ch12_en.html large, apparently male, Himalayan (or Asiatic black) bear (which we observed visually), like the brown bear that has already been mentioned, clearly did not fear the presence of tigers.? He walked along the tiger's tracks and rested in the same wild boar den as did the tiger. 私達が目で直接観察した、ある大きくて、雄と思われるツキノワグマは前述のヒグマと同じように、トラがいる事を全く恐れていなかった。彼はトラの足跡に沿って歩いて、トラが休んだのと同じイノシシの巣穴で休んだ。
ユージン・ビクトル博士 http://www.tigers.ru/articles/tab_eng.html#tab1 1972 r.Komissarovka Pogranichny killed by bear 1981 v.Novo-Vladimirovka Spassky shot dead after provoked attack on hunters; had been wounded by brown bear 雄の成獣のトラがクマに致命傷を負わされた実例。
「where the grizzly walks」第7章 The fight between a large amur and a large grizzly was accidental but it ended up representing what a big brown grizzly can do. The tiger bit into the bears shoulder when the bear accidentally found itself in the tigers enclosure. The grizzly responded by tearing out the front shoulders of the tiger then breaking the bones of the skull. 大きなシベリアトラと大きなヒグマの間に起きた戦いは偶然の産物だったが、 巨大なヒグマができることを示した結果に終わった。 トラがクマの肩にかみついたとき、クマは自分がトラの囲いにいることに気がついた。 クマはトラの肩を引き裂き、頭蓋骨を破壊した。
There is also a vague account of a circus (African) lion that jumped an American black bear during an act. The fight was fierce and both combatants were injured, but the lion's injuries where [sic] of the extent that it had to be destroyed.
http://www.planet-pets.com/plnttigr.htm the tiger avoids the elephant, and it rarely attacks a large buffalo or bear. In battles with these animals the tiger is frequently beaten. 大きな牛や熊には流石の虎も分が悪いようです。大きな熊との戦いでは頻繁に打ち負かされるようです。
http://www.tigers.ru/books/ecolog/ch4_en.html The bear must be assigned first place among the predatory mammals that can be numbered among the competitors, the plunderers of the prey of the tiger, or the objects of its hunts. Both species of bears indigenous to the fauna of Primor'e inhabited the long-term study site.? During the "snowy" period of the year, contacts between a tiger and a bear can occur during only very narrow time intervals at the beginning and at the end of winter. トラの餌食を横取りしようとする動物の中で、クマに一位を割り当てなければならない。両方の種類のPrimor'eに住むクマは長期研究した場所に住んでいます。 年の中の雪の時期に、トラとクマが接触出来るのは冬の始まりと終わりのとても限られている時期だけである。 (これは冬の相互関係である)
http://www.honoluluzoo.org/Zookeepers_Journal/Sunbear.doc Some consider the sun bear the most dangerous animal in its wild habitat, as they will even defend against tiger attacks". ある地域ではマレー熊を最も恐ろしい動物と考える人もいる。この熊はトラの攻撃からでさえ自分の身を守れるでしょう。
"For 50 or 100 yards a Grizzly can go faster than any horse, and keep it up indefinitely. It is well known that in the spring of the year, the Indian ponies that have wintered out and are poor, very commonly become the prey of the Grizzly, who can now catch them on the open plain. Townsend tells of a wounded Grizzly that pursued closely a man on horseback for half a mile, snapping at the horse's heels, and apparently would have captured the object of his wrath but for a timely volley from the man's comrades."
"Grizzlies are powerful beasts, and as evidenced by the aforementioned reports, have considerable endurance, for covering two miles at from 25 to 28 miles per hour proves a stamina that would certainly try the best of horses."
http://www.tarpits.org/education/guide/flora/bear.html >The short-faced bear was the largest and most powerful carnivore found at Rancho La Brea. >Its size alone was probably enough to scare away any opposing animal.
鎖に繋がれたグリズリー>>>>2頭のスペイン闘牛 http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/bearinmind/themes/inthearena/01print.html In 1851 John Borthwick joined the gold rush and ventured to California. He traveled to Moquelumne Hill, where he witnessed an extraordinary bear and bull fight between the celebrated bull-killing bear "General Scott" and a young Spanish bull. The bear was tethered to a twenty-foot chain in the middle of the arena and the bull roamed the arena unhampered. General Scott proved a worthy adversary on this day, as the bear defeated not one but two bulls pitted against him at the same time.
His hind feet were tethered with several turns of a strong rawhide reata, but were left about a yard apart to give full play. To the center of this rawhide, between the two feet, was fastened another heavy reata, doubled and secured to a big loop made of doubled reatas thrown over the center post. He was of the old long-horn breed but of great weight and power. 足をくくられている証拠
ではトラをヒグマが殺した例を数えてみましょう。 タイテリ2例(←ホーノッカー調べ) ビクトル博士が2例(一例はとどめは人間だが) Abramovの例を入れるのならSysoevの例も入るでしょうね。 それから、サウスダコタの例 伝説のトリニトロンさんが米アニアニで拾ってきた例↓ 「I read about how a tiger was killed by a large brown bear near a river in 1913 and about a tigress that attacked a bear scavenging from her kill and was killed. (私は1913年に川の近くで大きなヒグマによってトラがどの様に殺されたのか読みました。それは雌トラから獲物を 横取りしたクマを雌トラが攻撃して逆に殺されました。) 」 合計7例 他に、米アニアニとディスカバの掲示板でヒグマがトラを殺した具体的な例を一度づつみましたが、裏は取れていません(疑う理由もないけど)。 トラ11例、ヒグマ9例(遊牧民氏に言う場合に限り7例)です。
シートンが巨動の調べられた例を知らなくでも不思議ではないが問題はここではない。 同じページのグリズリーVSライオンに以下の文章がある。 「オズモンド・ブレランドは「うそとほんとの動物記(1948)」に、かつてカリフォルニアでライオンとハイイログマの戦いがあったと書いている。そして彼も詳しいことはわからないようで、単にハイイログマが勝ったと記している。 しかし同書の改訂版ともいうべき Animal Life and Lore(1963)ではライオン対ハイイログマの経過は不明であるとトーンダウンしている。記録が具体的ではないのかもしれない。」
http://www.zoo.org/educate/fact_sheets/sun_bear/sbear.htm Small but Powerful/Although sun bears are only about half the size of American black bears, they are well equipped to defend themselves if attacked by a large predator such as a tiger. 〜if a large predator grabs a sun bear, it can turn in its loose skin and bite its attacker.
http://www.garden-city.org/zoo/animalinfo/malayan_sun_bear.htm If a sun bear is grabbed from behind by a predator, such as a tiger, the bear can still turn around to attack with its teeth and claws. もしマレー熊が背後からトラのような捕食獣につかまれても、熊はまだ向きを変えて自らの牙と爪で相手を攻撃する事が出来る。
http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/ (The Texas Archeological Research Laboratory/テキサス大) http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/bonfire/images/sb24.html Dr. Ernest Lundelius holds scull of the short-faced bear, the largest and most powerful predator in North America in the Late Pleistocene. http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/bonfire/talkingbones.html Bement narrowed the possibilities down to the short-faced bear and the sabertoothed cat species known from the region, scimitar cat. Both carnivores had large canines and powerful jaws and are known to have denned in caves. The short-faced bear was the largest and most powerful predator in North America during the Late Pleistocene and was mainly a flesh-eater. 「サーベルタイガーを差し置いて、ショートフェイスベアを上位に置く」。※DR,Ernest Lundelius(ナショジオなどで引用される博士)
http://www.nature.ca/notebooks/english/shrtbear.htm This bear seems to have been mainly a flesh-eater and was by far the most powerful land predator during the Ice Age in North America. 「当時、遥かに強力な捕食獣だった」。
http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/megabeasts/experts/tankersley.html The short-faced (Arctodus simus) bear was the single most deadly predator of the Ice Age. The short-faced bear had a short, sleek, and stealthy body, with long, powerful legs, a short face, and a broad powerful muzzle filled with large piercing canines and jagged molars that could tear through the toughest hides and crush the thickest bones, including those of a mammoth or mastodon.
英国のトラ保護団体saveindiastigersのサイトより。 http://www.saveindiastigers.co.uk/tripreport.html Sloth bear on many occasions have been able to kill a tiger by jumping on them from trees suprising the tiger but this wasn't going to happen today. ナマケグマが木から飛び降りてトラに襲いかかって殺す事が度々あるそうです。
>>486 Two large male tigers were found killed by such animals in the year 2000, which is tragic, if natures way. 2000年に、この動物(ヒグマ)によって2匹の大きい雄トラが殺されているのが発見されました。もしそれが自然の摂理であるなら悲劇的です
http://www.tigers.ru/articles/tab_eng.html#tab1 1972 r.Komissarovka Pogranichny killed by bear 1981 v.Novo-Vladimirovka Spassky shot dead after provoked attack on hunters; had been wounded by brown bear 雄の成獣のトラがクマに致命傷を負わされた実例。
There are even cases known of adult brown bears that were killed and eaten by Amur tigers. This probably only happens when these bears are surprised during hibernation in their den. 大人のヒグマがアムール虎に殺されて食べられる場合さえもあります。おそらくこれはクマが穴の中で冬眠中にトラに奇襲された時にだけ起こります。
However, brown bear cubs are killed more often (indicating that male tigers can drive away the defending mother bear) しかしながら、ヒグマの子供がより頻繁に殺されているのです。(これは雄のトラ達が、守っている母グマを追い払う事が出来る事を示します)
>>508 http://peaceriverrefuge.org/Tiger.html Threats to the Siberian tiger are: Poaching, disappearing forests and habitats by deforestation, bad weather conditions that cause their prey not to be able to find food which in turn causes scarcity in the tiger's food supply. Other carnivores such as the brown bear will steal their food right out from under them.
それとこれらも http://peaceriverrefuge.org/Tiger.html Threats to the Siberian tiger are: Poaching, disappearing forests and habitats by deforestation, bad weather conditions that cause their prey not to be able to find food which in turn causes scarcity in the tiger's food supply. Other carnivores such as the brown bear will steal their food right out from under them. 密猟、森林伐採、悪天候と並ぶ脅威がヒグマ等の肉食獣に獲物を目の前から横取りされる事である。
I am intrigued by the notion that there is a film of a puma chasing off a Grizzly bear. One program that used to air in Detroit ('Realm of the Wild'), showed a fight between a puma and black bear defending her cubs with the bear having the edge. I also remember coming across reference to a 400lb tiger succumbing in battle with a Polar bear which presumably was much bigger but came out severely mauled.
Later, on March 10th I found a drag mark and lots of bear hairs. Looking around I found tiger foot prints, but no bear carcass. It seems that the mother of the two cubs killed the bear and I have not seen the sloth bear in the area since. (Thapar 2004 pg 142)
In Ranthombhore, tigers do not seem to be interested in killing sloth bears, although bears often appropriate their kills; perhaps they have never learned form their mothers to kill bears having never seen her doing so. In other places there is evidence that tigers have killed sloth bears in the presence of cubs, so the cubs grew up knowing that this is a prey species and not a competitor to be feared.・ (Thapar 2004 pg 142)
For now, I'll just look at bear/big cat confrontations. Tigers prey on bears -- there's no doubt about that. But WHAT bears they prey on needs to be considered. Sloth and sun bears both are occasionally killed by tigers.
there is a film of a puma chasing off a Grizzly bear. One program that used to air in Detroit ('Realm of the Wild'), showed a fight between a puma and black bear defending her cubs with the bear having the edge. I also remember coming across reference to a 400lb tiger succumbing in battle with a Polar bear which presumably was much bigger but came out severely mauled
http://www.ursusjournal.com/volumes/09REYNOL.PDF Of these, 46 (50%) were known kills, 37 (40%) were possible kills or scavenging,and 9 (10%) were chases. Deaths of 61 radiocollared muskoxen documented during this period included 10(16%) killed by bears and 14 (23%) eaten and possibly killed by bears (Fig. 2). 1982-2001の間に記録された92の事例の中で46例(50%)は熊がジャコウウシを殺したもので、37事例(40%)は恐らく熊による殺害であると考えられるもの又は熊が死骸を漁ったものです(※9回は熊がジャコウウシを追いかけていた)。 その中の無線機を付けられていたジャコウウシ(61頭)の中で10頭(16%)は熊により殺された。14頭(23%)は熊に食べられており、恐らく熊らに殺されたと思われる。
http://www.helenair.com/articles/2004/05/02/top/a01050204_01.txt "All the bears did is travel around sniffing out kills that the wolves or lions made," he said. "They would then displace them from the carcass and feed." (要約)過去30年間に渡り北米で27000km以上の距離を歩きグリズリーを観察した研究家は、グレーシャー公園内の幾つかの熊が冬の間も巣穴に入らないことを確認した。 彼によると、熊が冬眠をしなくて良かった理由は、「熊は単に獲物を仕留めたオオカミやピューマの所に行って、それらの動物を追い払うだけで獲物を得られた」からだそうだ。
"A grizzly can lick anything alive, and I mean anything too. He'll spot a lion or a tiger in two blows, then flatten him with one swing of his paw. A grizzly can crack a steer's neck with one swing...Match two tons of grizzlies against two tons of elephant- then dig a hole to bury your elephant in." (Fred Mansell as told to Ed Green, "The Unknown Quantity," The Alaska Sportsman, August 1938)
In closing I can only reiterate that while a rifle of adequate power is important when hunting any of the great bears, accurate bullet placement is absolutely paramount. We are talking about animals that can (literally) kill the biggest African lion with a single swipe of a paw. Predators so massive and deadly cannot be taken lightly. Hunters must be completely confident of their ability to put the first bullet where it will do the most good!
To watch bears baited he had a special pit made and once matched a lion with a bear which was to be punished for killing a child, but the lion refused to fight and the bear had to be baited to death by dogs instead.
ライオン対アメリカクロクマ(サーカス) There is also a vague account of a circus (African) lion that jumped an American black bear during an act. The fight was fierce and both combatants were injured, but the lion's injuries where [sic] of the extent that it had to be destroyed.
Tigers are more cunning and far quicker than bears. Their jaws are stronger (shorter and more muscular) than that of any bear. They do not die easily; heart shots do not kill them for about 10 to 20 seconds. Man-eaters are extremely dangerous. The same may be said of leopards. The largest leopards have all been shot in India, as per the Rowland Ward record book.
One researcher observed a tiger drag a wild goat it had just caught into a natural pit and began feeding. He then saw an Asiatic black bear sneak up to the pit with the greatest care and caution. Taking only quick peeks to see how things were, he waited until the tiger was totally engrossed in feeding. He carefully placed all four feet on the edge of the pit, checked his balance and aim, then suddenly hurled himself into the pit with a tremendous screaming roar. Some truly appalling sounds of combat ensued and the tiger soon came leaping out of the pit, blood streaming from numerous wounds and ran tearing off into the forest. The black bear delightedly ate the rest of the goat at his leisure.
The Asiatic black bear lives in the same areas traditionally inhabited by tigers, so there was no escape for them. Indeed, tigers often pounced upon them from these very trees. The Asiatic black bear compensated by becoming really mean. Despite the fact that tigers prey on them, they sometimes get even.
http://www.tigers.ru/books/ecolog/ch12_en.html large, apparently male, Himalayan (or Asiatic black) bear (which we observed visually), like the brown bear that has already been mentioned, clearly did not fear the presence of tigers.? He walked along the tiger's tracks and rested in the same wild boar den as did the tiger. 私達が目で直接観察した、ある大きくて、雄と思われるツキノワグマは前述のヒグマと同じように、トラがいる事を全く恐れていなかった。彼はトラの足跡に沿って歩いて、トラが休んだのと同じイノシシの巣穴で休んだ。
I have had a reply form michael hornocker. He states that tigers just do not stick around to fight with big brown bear males. 私はマイケル・ホーノッカーから返事を頂きました。トラは大きい雄のヒグマと戦うために、トラは場に残らないと述べています。(逃げるの意か?) There was a case of one large tiger which speacialised (unusually) in the taking of adult brown bear females. ある大きいトラは(珍しい事に)雌成獣のヒグマを捕らえるのを専門にしていた事例がありました。 He would attack the bear as it was leaving its den. クマがその越冬穴を出る時に、彼はそれを攻撃するのでした。 Either during winter breaks from the den or at spring. 冬(冬眠を)中断する時か春に。 He can draw no real conlusion from the tigers ability to better brown bear because the animals were took by suprise and would likely have been very ill prepared for a fight and even underweight. トラがヒグマに優れていると言う結論を彼は実際には出せません。なぜなら、そのヒグマを予想外の時に襲って、ヒグマは戦う準備が とても出来ていなくて、体重さえ不足していたでしょう。
Cojimar, he claimed brown bear upto about 700lb with occasional rare specimen of 800lb. Cojimarさん、彼は700ポンドのヒグマを主張しました。たまに、800ポンドの個体もありました。 Sometimes fierce bears will drive tigers off the kills they have made. 場合によって、獰猛なクマは自分の獲物からトラを追い払います。 Tigers do not tangle with big male bear, or atleast he has not seen it. トラは大きい雄クマとかかわりません。あるいは、少なくとも、トラはそれを見ていません。 There were 5 recorded acts of predation on brown bear females and 2 tigers killed in fights with a full grown male bear. 雌のヒグマを餌食にする5つの記録されている事例があります。それから、雄成獣のクマと戦って、2頭のトラが殺されている事例も 記録されています。 One of the fights was witnessed. The tigers were estimated at 500lb. while the bear was in at about 800lb.(Estimates only) その戦いの一つは目撃されました。トラは500ポンドと見積もられて、クマの方は800ポンド位でした。(あくまでも、見積もりです。) He suggested that fights could go either way with average sized bear. 平均的なクマとの戦いの場合は、結果がどちらにでもなれると彼は推測しました。 So you maybe correct after all. But bons just for you, if you are still looking in, he also said that the tiger had little chance against big bear with its winter layer. だから、結局、あなたの言い分は正しいかも知れません。しかし、bonsさん、あなたのためにだけ言いますが、もしまだ見ているの だったら、冬の(脂肪?)層の大きいクマに対して、トラは余り勝ち目がないとも彼が言いました。 He doesnt believe anything would want to trifle with one! Hank. クマと関わりたい者があるとは彼は信じていません。
(虎対ナマケのマトメ) Sociobiology of the myrmecophagous sloth bear in Nepal Anup R. Joshi, James L.D. Smith, and David L. Garshelis Can. J. Zool./Rev. can. zool. 77(11): 1690-1704 (1999) 131kgの大ナマケが虎を張り倒した。 サンキストがナマケ熊が捕食される例は非常に稀と明言。対して一流虎保護団体が沢山の虎がナマケ熊に殺されたと明言。
Тигрята отделяются от матери на втором году жизни. 子トラは生まれて2年経つと母トラと別れ一人立ちする。
выводки у тигриц могут появляться с интервалом в два года, 雌トラは2年間隔で子を出産する。
а в случае гибели тигрят - в год их потери. Смертность молодых очень высокая - около 50% . だが一人立ちした若いトラの多くは生き残れずに死亡する確立は50%に相当する。
Случаи гибели тигров от медведей и факты каннибализма довольно редки, на благополучие вида существенно не влияют クマによって生き残れないトラもいるが、これは極稀に起こるものでありトラの繁殖と生息数維持に全く影響はない
Re: 2200 lbs Alaskan Moose VS 1400 lbs Alaskan Bear -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Yes but this is a moose... not a bison. bison's are hard-headed but with to small horns. bears are also hard-headed so that fight is no match for a big brown. the bear cannot use same tactic in this fight (with that i mean they are butting each other head to head) couse that the moose has very different and giant size horns
I recommend night drives with rangers, organized aboard special vehicles and departing from camps inside KNP. We saw a freshly killed buffalo near a waterhole and a nearby resting - and mounting guard to his next meal - lion still dirty with abundant blood.
鎖に繋がれたグリズリー>>>>2頭のスペイン闘牛 http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/bearinmind/themes/inthearena/01print.html In 1851 John Borthwick joined the gold rush and ventured to California. He traveled to Moquelumne Hill, where he witnessed an extraordinary bear and bull fight between the celebrated bull-killing bear "General Scott" and a young Spanish bull. The bear was tethered to a twenty-foot chain in the middle of the arena and the bull roamed the arena unhampered. General Scott proved a worthy adversary on this day, as the bear defeated not one but two bulls pitted against him at the same time.
His hind feet were tethered with several turns of a strong rawhide reata, but were left about a yard apart to give full play. To the center of this rawhide, between the two feet, was fastened another heavy reata, doubled and secured to a big loop made of doubled reatas thrown over the center post. He was of the old long-horn breed but of great weight and power. 足をくくられている証拠↑ Then up went the great paws, one on each side of the bull's head, and the sharp points of the horns whirled up from horizontal to perpendicular, then almost to horizontal again as bull and bear went rolling over together. 倒し方一例↑ Now one could see exactly why cattle found killed by bears always have their necks broken. ↑いつも牛がやられる証拠。
http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/Exhibits/bearinmind/themes/inthearena/04.html The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, December, 1890. Illustration. Quotation: JOSE ARNAZ, Recuerdos de Jose Arnaz ...: manuscript, 1878. Translation by Jean Gibson Ordonez. Sometimes bulls were pitted against bears, the bears generally coming out victorious. (対闘牛戦闘「闘技場」においては通常はクマが勝つ)。
The usual thing was to leave the bull loose. He would generally attack first, and the bear would be defending itself. When the bull came at it, the bear would put its forepaw on his forehead and grab him by the leg and hold him as though he were a piece of straw. In this way the bear overcame him, making him lower his head. When he bellowed, it grabbed his tongue, and then it would be necessary to separate them so that the bear would not immediately kill the bull. There were occasions on which the bull killed the bear with his horns, but this was only if the bear was badly injured after having been tied down tightly in a cart and brought over a long distance." (クマが負けるのは戦いの場に赴く道のりにおいて悪状況などでひどい怪我等を負っている時である)。 *他にも、同HP内には飼育個体の大物で350〜450sとの記述がある。
http://ww4.ezpics.net/marsico/AnimalSculptures~Description19/go Some bears were known to kill over 80 bulls in a roll before they would finally lose. The bulls would charge in low and swing those horns up and the bears would always stand tall and swing down to break the necks of the bulls in usually just one swipe. クマの中には最後に負けるまでの戦績で80頭以上の闘牛を打ち倒したものさえいる。あたまを低くして闘牛が突進すると、いつもくまは立ち上がり大抵場合は一撃で闘牛を打ち倒す。
>>711 >クマによるトラの損失、微々たるものでしょう。 http://www.saveindiastigers.co.uk/tripreport.html Sloth bear on many occasions have been able to kill a tiger by jumping on them from trees suprising the tiger but this wasn't going to happen today. ナマケグマが木から飛び降りてトラに襲いかかって殺す事が度々あるそうです。
The sloth a few seconds after entering the pond runs off into deep forest as it sees B2 on its left, a sloth does not know that a tigress could also be in the area therefore 2 tigers versus B2 wouldn't be a fair match. B2 on the other hands does chase off sloth bear but the bear did most of the running, after the bear's disapperance b2 comes down into the marshland area. B2 would not let anything come to his cubs harm not even a bear this size this is his job to protect its litter.
>>713 子トラなんて何処にも書いてありません。都合のいい曲解はやめましょう。 >From the right side the sloth bear believed to a female このナマケグマは雌ですね。 その上、ナマケグマは樹上からトラに飛び掛って殺す訳ですから、ナマケグマが地上に居るこのケースでは 起こりそうにも無いと判断されるのは当然です。
(虎対ナマケのマトメ) Sociobiology of the myrmecophagous sloth bear in Nepal Anup R. Joshi, James L.D. Smith, and David L. Garshelis Can. J. Zool./Rev. can. zool. 77(11): 1690-1704 (1999) 131kgの大ナマケが虎を張り倒した。 サンキストがナマケ熊が捕食される例は非常に稀と明言。対して一流虎保護団体が沢山の虎がナマケ熊に殺されたと明言。
G. P. Sanderson(1912)は頻繁にナマケグマを襲うトラがいたことを報告している。クマが夢中で食べている時に背後から襲いかかり、地面に打ち付け、首を咬んで殺すという。 これと似た方法でナマケグマを何度も獲物にしているトラがネパールのロイヤルチトワン国立公園で、Dave Smith(1984)によって報告されている。
コンプトン百科事典 http://www.furryfiction.furtopia.org/animals/comptons/tigers.php They prey upon many other wild animals. Wherever humans have domestic animals, tigers destroy a large number of cattle, horses, sheep, and goats. If hungry enough, a tiger can kill an ox about every five days, or from 60 to 70 a year. Unless it is cornered or greatly provoked, the tiger avoids the elephant, and it rarely attacks a large buffalo or bear. In battles with these animals the tiger is frequently beaten.(Compton's Encyclopedia) (要約)トラは野生動物から家畜まで多くの動物を捕食する。トラは約5日に1回の割合、または年に60〜70匹の数の牛を殺す事が出来る。 もし非常に怒らせたり、追い詰めたりしなければ、トラはゾウを避ける。 そして、稀だが大型の水牛やクマに攻撃を仕掛けるのだが、その戦いの中ではトラは頻繁に打ち負かされる。
I got ready to pan the camera and film the leopard as she fled. But just as the bear was about to grab the carcass, the leopard leapt at it, lashing out with her claws. I was totally stunned - not only was this completely unexpected behaviour, but I had also captured the entire event on film.
These tigers commonly catch and kill large prey in the wild. These prey species include wild boar, elk, and red deer. Some reports have even suggested that adult brown bears are occasionally killed and eaten by these tigers.
In contrast to popular belief, observations in the Kruger Park prove that solitary adult male lions or groups of adult males frequently hunt their own prey, and are not dependent on the superior skill and agility of the lionesses in the pride. Full-grown bull giraffes and adult buffalo bulls are successfully pulled down on occasion by a single male lion.
Source: Predator-prey relationships amongst the larger mammals of the Kruger National Park, p. 119.
http://wildlife.wfft.org/tiger.htm Diet Their main prey species are large animals such as deer, buffalo and wild pigs, but they will also hunt fish, monkeys, birds, reptiles and sometimes even baby elephants. Occasionally, tigers kill leopards, bears and other tigers. トラの主要な獲物は鹿、水牛および乱暴なブタのような大きな動物です。 しかし、トラはさらに魚を探すでしょう。 猿、鳥、爬虫類、そして時々赤ん坊象さえ探します。 虎は時々豹、熊及び他の虎を殺します。
http://www.123spot.com/AnimalDirectory/tigers1.htm The primary prey of the Siberian tiger is elk and wild boar. But due to availability of prey the Siberian tiger will also eat lynxes, badger, hares, wapiti and even bears. These nocturnal hunters kill every 3 to 7 days and consume an average of 9 to 50 kg of meat. シベリアの虎の主要な獲物はオオジカとイノシシです。 しかし、優れた捕殺能力により、シベリアの虎はさらにヤマネコ、アナグマ、野ウサギ、ワピチ、および熊などを食べるでしょう。 これらの夜行性のハンターは3〜7日ごとに獲物殺し、肉を平均9〜50kgたいらげます。
「飼育と野生のマレー熊の体重」 http://www.eznc.org/primosite/show.do?ctx=7795,34515&anav=34523 Poster: Food consumption and weight development in captive Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) ? preliminary results S.T. Hoffmann 1,2, L. Kolter 1, J. Pallauf 2 1AG Zoologischer Garten Koln, Germany, 2Justus-Liebig-Universitit Giessen, Germany 野生27-65 kg/飼育50 to 123 kg
「大西洋セイウチ」(North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission) http://www.nammco.no/Status_reps/Walrus.pdf (大西洋セイウチの体格) The Atlantic walrus is the slightly smaller of the two, with males reaching weights around of 1200 to 1500 kg and lengths of close to 3 m. (セイウチのアザラシの捕食) Walrus predation on seals is well documented, and seems to be largely carried out by older males. (セイウチの捕食者) Apart from man,the main predators of walrus are killer whales (Orcinus orca) and polar bear (Ursus maritimus).
「The adult giant panda has very few natural enemies. One of the known enemies of the giant panda is the snow leopard, which may seize a baby panda that has wondered away from it's mother or a pack of wild dogs may also capture a wondering cub.」 大人のパンダに天敵は殆どいない。天敵としては、母親からはぐれた赤ん坊のパンダを捕食するユキヒョウや、同じく子どものパンダを捕食する野性犬(ドール)の群れである。
(3)http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/conflict13.html Sometimes, when the ice melts, polar bears have been known to be driven off by grizzlies, when they move south into the grizzlies feeding area.
『各種対戦例』 かつて、アフリカの雄ライオンとグリズリーが闘技場で戦わされたが、クマが瞬殺した記録(熊の体格に言及する本もある)やサーカスでクロクマとライオンが戦った世界的に有名な話がある(The Great Bear Almanac)。 また他にもクマ対ライオンを戦わせたがクマが勝ったとする記録もある。これらはクマが勝ったものだが、逆に幾つかのクマ(ヒグマではないとの指摘もある)が闘技場で負けたという記録もあるようだ(こちらは確認していないが)。
また1頭のクマに2頭のライオンを同時に放って戦わせようとしたという記録もあるらしい。 これが「もし本当なら」、どのように考えてもこの(熊1対獅子2)の熊は非常に大きい熊であったと推察される。対等なら1対2なんて考えられない(色々な書物等を調べると結構動物の戦いは多い。 例.The Romansではサイと雄牛、虎と獅子、雄牛と象、ヒョウとライオンが戦ったこと等が書かれている。 また、Zoo:A History of Zoological Gardens in the West.では最も一般的なのは飼育動物対野生動物だが、中には獅子対熊や象と虎又はサイの戦いなどの野生動物対野生動物の戦いもあったと記す)。
Two large male tigers were found killed by such animals in the year 2000, which is tragic, if natures way. 2000年に、この動物(ヒグマ)によって2匹の大きい雄トラが殺されているのが発見されました。
hello my japanese writing isn't very good, so i'll just type in english. i've read some comments from look choccolette about the tigers. apparently, he does not like tiger and tries very hard to underestimate tiger's strength. for example studies have showed that if animals were equal size, tigers have stronger biting force than the lion. and tigers are on the average bigger than lion, so they should have stronger bite right??? as far as cats concerned...the rank goes 1. jaguar/cloud leopard 2. tiger 3. lion 4. cheetah 5. cougar 6. leopard it's not how long the skull is but how wide the skull is that counts this is my source below http://intern.forskning.no/dokumenter/wroe.pdf
One researcher observed a tiger drag a wild goat it had just caught into a natural pit and began feeding. He then saw an Asiatic black bear sneak up to the pit with the greatest care and caution. Taking only quick peeks to see how things were, he waited until the tiger was totally engrossed in feeding. He carefully placed all four feet on the edge of the pit, checked his balance and aim, then suddenly hurled himself into the pit with a tremendous screaming roar. Some truly appalling sounds of combat ensued and the tiger soon came leaping out of the pit, blood streaming from numerous wounds and ran tearing off into the forest. The black bear delightedly ate the rest of the goat at his leisure.
During the 13 years of tracking brown bear (1991-2005), Honocker researchers found no tiger killed by brown bear, not even cubes. In old Russian litteratures, there are maybe 1-2 cases where adult tigers got killed by bear, but tiger regularily predate on brown bear. REGULARILY predation of adult brown bear by tiger!
but adult female brown bears in this area rarely weigh more than 400 lbs. は、 Of course, we could only estimate the bear’s body size because he ate them つまり、詳細な計測が不可能であったという状況下でも、最大の獲物は雌ヒグマ(s)といえるだけの根拠となるのでは。
it is celarly mentioned that even large male bear was killed by tiger, although not through a single neck bite since large bear has thick neck. It is also mentioned that even very large male bear avoids adult tigress, not only male tiger.
トラとドールの戦いなどめったに起こるものではないが、トラがドールを恐れるのは確からしい。殺したばかりのシカを捨てて早々に退散したトラの例は幾つか知られている。 K. U. Karanth(2001)はインドの Nagarahole で発信器を取り付けて観察していたトラが休んでいる時、通りかかったドールの群がそのトラを避けたのを見ている。また1頭の子を連れた雌のトラが、獲物をドールの群から守りぬき、その過程で2頭のドールを殺している。 Nagarahole ではトラがドールを捕食することもあり、Karanth はトラの排泄物からドールの毛を見つけたこともある。またインドにはオオカミ(インドオオカミ)もいるが、主に開けた地域に棲んでいるのでトラとの遭遇は知られていない。
Going in favor of the cougar is that there is a record of a leopard taking down a young sloth bear and Billy Arjen Singh of India stated that he has seen impressive fights between leopards and sloth bears. There are some old records saying the same of cougars like the Cougar Almanac by Robert C. Busch. There is also a record of a pair of snow leopards that killed a young grizzly, but grizzlies are smaller in Central Asia.