TOKYO It is not uncommon in Japan to hear vogue words that lack substance. "Domei," which means alliance, may be an example. Press reports often mention that the United States now wants to strengthen the Japan-U.S. alliance. But the arguments in favor of doing so are questionable.
"Alliance" presupposes a common enemy. Japan, however, has had no enemy from at least the '90s, let alone a common enemy with the United States.
For the United States the maintenance of military bases is the most important aspect of the existing Japan-U.S. Security Treaty. But the so-called base problem has been the source of constant friction between local people and the American military since 1945, particularly on the island of Okinawa. Residents complain bitterly about frequent raucous low-flying and night-landing exercises, in addition to recurrent incidents arising from improper behavior by American servicemen.
Most Japanese cannot understand why they should put up with this when Japanese taxpayers pay 75 percent of the cost of maintaining these bases. According to an opinion poll conducted in Okinawa by the Cabinet Office, publicized on May 19, only 9.8 percent of locals said that the U.S. bases there were necessary for Japan's security.
The constitution of Japan states that power resides with the people and that we recognize that all peoples have the right to live in peace, free from fear and want. Yet these base problems remind me of life in a Soviet satellite state. In the early '70s I was stationed in Prague. The Czechs enjoyed a relatively high standard of living, but their government could not exercise control over foreign policy with Soviet forces stationed permanently to the north of the capital.
The sinking of the Japanese trawler Ehime Maru by the U.S. submarine Greeneville was not only a tragedy, but it also seriously damaged the image of the American military in the minds of Japanese.
Then came the collision of the U.S. and Chinese warplanes off Hainan Island. Is it necessary for the United States to continue surveillance flights off the Chinese coast when the U.S. government officially states that it does not see China as an enemy? Why should Japan approve such flights from bases located in Japan? Japan risks impairing friendly relations with China should a similar incident lead to a conflict between China and the United States.
On April 25, President George W. Bush declared that the United States would do whatever it takes to help defend Taiwan. But Japanese voters are very unlikely to approve of cooperation with the United States should an armed conflict occur in the Taiwan Straits.
The great majority of Japanese people undoubtedly wish to maintain friendly relations with the United States and appreciate the historic mission already accomplished by the treaty for the security of Japan. We are deeply indebted to the United States for helping us rebuild Japan in the postwar years by initiating democratic reforms.
However, the present system of defense cooperation based on the treaty has become increasingly irrelevant and is untenable. This so-called alliance does not exist beyond diplomatic rhetoric, both in terms of the geopolitical situation in the Far East and the unfortunate reality of base problems.
Some American defense experts have been pressing since the '90s for the alliance to be revitalized, but these efforts have not been able to convince the vast majority of Japanese, and unwittingly encourage ultra-nationalist forces in Japan, which seem eager to undo the fruits of democratization.
For Japan and the United States to mutually enjoy a more salubrious and durable relationship, it would be in the genuine interest of both governments to terminate the security treaty. All U.S. military bases would be withdrawn and a new treaty of friendship and cooperation worked out.
Japan should and can manage its own security without going nuclear, in keeping with the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were naturally conducive to a strong antipathy to nuclear weapons. Japan has adequate conventional defense capabilities - naval and air in particular - with an annual defense budget of $50 billion.
The emergence of an economically interdependent community of nations in Asia is the best guarantor of peace. Political neutrality would enable Japan to live up to its constitutional pledge to be a peace-loving nation.
The writer, Japan's ambassador to India from 1987 to 1990, contributed this personal comment to the International Herald Tribune. ttp://www.iht.com/articles/23757.htm