The sound of the bell of Gion shoja echoes impermanece of all things. The color of the blossom of the sala tree makes clear the principle that those who flourish must fall."
そこで達人の翻訳のオキテ(1)!!! 『文章の「意味」を理解せずして翻訳はならず!』 だから、現在の AI の技術でまっとうな「自動翻訳機」を作ることは不可能である。 AI には意味生成ができない!
例えば、 「私の彼は左利きです。 私とは合性が合いません。 」 という文章の後半のセンテンスを、I don't get along with him. と訳すべきでないというのは、 「左利きだという事実は、どういうふうに相性に影響を及ぼすのか」 という文化的文脈における「意味」が分からないと判断できない!
>>1sann and all Since This thread is the top on this board, so please for give me to write down here with my rotten English. 藤原琴音 threads are writen by someone who has a grudge to her, to all board on the 2ch. And it's purpose is give mis. Kotone's site damage with stormer. Such kind guy also give us burauser crusher. So be aware everybody, not to jamp to there. ついでにこの英文のミスも指摘下さると嬉しいっす。
>>13 It's too cumbersome! I could translate it if I would but I won't! To begin with, I don't understand the meaning of the Japanese text! I don't take up the ones whose content is difficult just because of their technicality!
Then, here is the Master's Rule of Translation (1)!!! "No comprehending of the 'meaning' of a text, no translation of it!" That is why the present technology of AI cannot produce the decent "translation machine." AI cannot process the production of meaning.
For example, the second sentence of the text 「私の彼は左利きです。 私とは合性が合いません。 」 should not be translated as "I don't get along with him." This reasoning is only possible by understanding that what meaning is produced out of the context: "what kind of effect may left-handedness have on the relationship of a couple?"
I cannot afford it! So you don't have to corect this, either. Just checking by my self, it contains too many errors. I've depressed. I gotta go to heaven. sorry for giving here my meaningless responses. >all
>>31 I understand you really(w I know I'm the one who made this confusion. I was supposed to write "correct""my words contain" insted of (omit Please go on the conversations, sorry for cutting in. >>all
>>45 おお〜、いきなり勉強になった。 ・・・ b&f the Tatujin, William the Conqueror, Jack the Ripper, I see. same with the アンドレザじゃいあん。 それはともかく 自分常時接続ではないのでチャット状態ではカキコ出来ませんです。 そういうわけで、皆様どうぞ。
>>b&f What do you think about the social cripples hanging around here? Those guys are the people posting in these threads in which their sole purpose is to see if they can get a reaction from someone. Then when they do, they try to belittle you with their childish remarks and name calling. I used to post serious messages here with handle, but ended up being pissed off. I hope you would avoid emulating my poor experiance.
Excuse me for cutting in, but I want to ask >>54sann a thing. Ah. That's why you disappeard. I agree with you. Me, too, a kind of cripple. This is the most rotten bulletin boards in Japan I guess. And now I also understand the meaning of your poetry, or its response. You don't have to worry about me. I'm often writing that "I'm not good at English." So no one will try me. I've once read the thread where you had been beaten by some insanities when I was mainly been other board. But I've forgot what the name of its thread. Anyway, are you still thinking that I should go away from this board?
>>54 I don't think anybody has done something like that to me here so far. Are you saying that someone will? Well, if that happens, I'll respond in the way I like, maybe just ignore the dick head. But, you know, you need a sense of humor too.
I'm just enjoying myself here after all. I'm not expecting any big deal out of this. So I don't care where this thing will go. Maybe I'll be turned off by some pathetic loser. Maybe I'll just stop coming here on a whim. I don't know and I don't care.
I don't know what happened to you, but why don't you join us in this thread. You can use the old H/N or make up a new one or do whatever as you please.
これは基本中の基本だけど、その他にもスピーキング=リスニングのルールまたはコツとして、例えば、アクセントのない母音は、スペルが[a, e, i, o, u]のどれであっても、多くの場合 "e" を上下ひっくり返した発音記号で表される音になるとか(したがって、この音が母音としては一番多く、一番重要)、音節(syllable)とリズムの関係とか、発音記号には表されない実際の音の聞こえ方とか、いろいろあります。こういうことが学べる参考書を一冊探して勉強してください。オレが一冊薦められるのは、これ:
いやぁ、為になりますねぇ。ただで訊ける僕等はラッキーです。だからといってお金は要求しないでね。 >>60-61 >>56よりコピペ I'm just enjoying myself here after all. I'm not expecting any big deal out of this. So I don't care where this thing will go. 何故2chに来るようになったのか?という意味ならば既出じゃないっすよ。 訊いて見ましょう。という訳で御願いします。
また、 "Clear Speech from the Start : Basic Pronunciation and Listening Comprehension in North American English" というより初心者向けの本もあるようなので、私のような発音がダメなやつは、こちらの方がよりいいのかなーと迷っています。
>12 蛋白質の構成成分であるアミノ酸が2-9個つながった もので消化吸収されやすい形になっています。天然の 蛋白質では100個以上のアミノ酸がつながっています。 オリゴペプチドは、消化吸収がされやすく、小腸内で脂肪を 分解するリパーゼの働きを抑制し脂肪の吸収を抑えるといわれています。 Two to nine amino acids, basic components of proteins, are linked together for easy digestion and absorption. Proteins are usually composed of more than 100 amino acids linked together. Oligopeptides are digested and absorbed easily, inhibits lipase that helps absorb lipids in your abdomen.
>13 物好きにも訳してみたが、間違っているかどうか、自分にもわからん。 量子的記述可能な「観測装置」(観測者を含む)を前提とすることは、ノイマンがそうしたように、その背後に他の観測者をまるごと量子力学の対象としてしまうような「抽象的自我」を想定することである。 すなわち、エヴェレットのいう「超決定論」とは、無限次元空間である「多元宇宙」をも見据える特権的観測者の位置に立つ「抽象的自我」の独在論のことである。 The assumption of an "observing apparatus," including observers, that can be described in terms of quantum mechanism, leads to, as Neuman once implied, the assumption of "abstract ego," in which whole observers can be regarded as a object of quantum physics. In other words, "superdeterminism" as Everet promotes implies sole existence of "abstract ego" which as the previledged observer surveils "multidimentional universes" with infinite dimensions.
>>70 なんで「intestine(小腸)は英語で書くとちょっと」なんすか? 「小腸」って書いてあるんだから、やっぱ small intestine って書かなきゃダメなんでないの? abdomen じゃ「腹部」じゃん? あとこの文章の感じからして、abdomen/small intestine につけるのは your じゃなくて the のほうがいいと。
2番目のセンテンスの usually ってどこから出てきたんでしょう?「天然の蛋白質」をそうやって言い換えたわけ? だとしたら、それって文章の意味を変えちゃってないだろうか。
それから、最後のセンテンスの訳はちょっと言葉不足なんじゃ? こうしたほうがよくないすか? ... inhibits absorption of lipides by inhibiting the working of lipase, which breaks down lipids in the small intestine.
>65 達人の手を煩わせるまでもないので、私が代わりに作りました。 原級比較級最上級を使った例文 This big park is not actually bigger than the biggest park in this city. The old woman aproached to an older man, who looked actually oldest in the room.]
疑問詞(how what whoなど)を使った例文 これは難しいなあ… How did you know who did what?
訳して下さい。 A typical photoreduction was performed by suspending a known amount of the pjotoactive powder in doubly distilled water in a reaction vessel. All manipulations were performed under either argon or prepurified nitrogen. Samples were then irradiated through a quartz window in the reactor by means of a mercury vapour lamp. In the case of the dark reactions the reaction vessel was completely enclosed with aluminium foil. The ammonia concentration was determined by removing an aliquot from the reaction vessel, separating the powder under centrifuge and testing the aqueous layer with an ammonia-sensitive ion selective electrode. The readings obtained were verified at various stages using the Indophenol procedure for ammonia detection.
Well, I must say that it feels great to have completed my last working day at Nova. It was quite possibly the most bogus organization I have ever worked for.
What is so bogus about Nova? Well, let's look at a few things. In fairness though, remember that many of the following observations apply to the entire "English Conversation School" industry in Japan equally.
There are no professional qualifications required to be a teacher. Nova provides three days of "training" for all new teachers. Want to teach the outrageously overpriced children's lessons? Just another 45 minutes of training.
Nova passes its textbook off as being an original text "based on" the Streamline series of textbooks from Oxford University Press. What they really did was to take two volumes of the Streamline series, put them in one cover, and change the name to "Quest". There is nothing at all original about it. In my opinion it is utterly worthless as a primary text. As a matter of fact, the materials used by the teachers are actually Streamline Teacher's Editions which have been taken apart and then stuck into a folder. There is NO WAY that a person will ever become a good English speaker without being concerned about sentence structure (grammar). But since it seems grammar is no longer being taught in American and Canadian schools, Nova is loaded with teachers who are entirely unaware of even the rudiments of sentence structure. I had one ask me, "What are pronouns?" This was all the more distressing because he was just about to go out and teach a lesson which supposedly works on pronouns.
Once they get the students' money, they don't really give a damn whether they ever learn to speak English well or not. They follow P.T. Barnum's maxim about their being a sucker born every minute. Hardly any of the staff can speak English well and almost NONE of them study at Nova. Then in their sales talk they tell people how wonderful Nova is and how much they can improve their English at Nova. How in hell would they know? Would you eat lunch at a restaurant where the people who worked there always brought their lunch? I think not. What is good about Nova? The commercials are EXCELLENT!! They attract people like you wouldn't believe. In my school, we have people who drive in from two or three towns away. Why? Because they were hooked by the commercials. They have English schools right in their own towns, yet they drive an hour to study at Nova. All this when Nova is no better or worse than any of the other schools out there.
All the schools now have "opinion boxes" at the front desk so that students can confidentially submit their opinions and complaints about the school. According to what is written on the box, the box is emptied once a month and the contents sent directly to some bigwigs at the head office. Supposedly the staff never sees them. That the staff never sees them is true anyway. How is that? Because the boxes are never emptied!!! I know for a fact that as I write this (June 15, 1997) there is a message in the Kiryu Nova box which was put there in February. I have mentioned this numerous times and been brushed off each time.
The school operates on a "lesson ticket" system. In this system the school tries to get the student to pre-purchase as many lesson tickets as they can sucker them into. They show the prospective students a chart of Nova "levels" and then tell them on average about how many lessons it it will take to reach that level. Of course, they pull the numbers straight out of their butts. They next have the prospective pigeon take a "level check test". Almost all students will fall into one of the lower three levels. They show the pigeon the chart again and ask "How far would you like to go? How good would you like to be?" In that situation, everyone feels pressure to say they would like to obtain one of the loftier levels and is subsequently pressured to buy lots and lots of tickets. The more you buy at once, the cheaper each one is.
Some people pay up to about $6,000. All that before they have had a single lesson. Any place that wants you to pay that much up front must be worried that they are so crappy that they couldn't keep you satisfied enough to want to come back month after month, were they to let you pay that way. Not that it's important, but the president of Nova was on the list of Japan's highest individual taxpayers for 1996 at Number 5. He paid about a gadzillion yen. All this while claiming that Nova provides lessons as cheaply as they can. Sorry, but it doesn't look that way from where I sit. (I wonder how his English is, by the way.....does HE study at Nova?) MORE TO COME LATER? PERHAP
The basic requirement to be an English teacher in Japan is to be eligible for a visa which allows you to work in Japan, and to be an English speaker. A few countries have "working holiday" arrangements with Japan which allow their young people to come to Japan for a few months and to work part-time. America has no such arrangement. The primary requirement for people not on working holiday visas is to be a graduate of a four-year university. Major is irrelevant.(back)
The children actually pay the same price for a lesson ticket as adults do. The problem is that ALL children's lessons are taught "Man to Man". Consequently they are charged either 3 or 4 lesson tickets for one class (depending on the school). What do Nova do in these classes that makes them worth so much? Worth so much more than other schools? NOTHING! They play games and draw pictures, just the same as in any other school. The difference? The price! About $50 or so for a 40 minute "lesson". Unfortunately, the parents don't inquire too deeply about what goes on, nor do they do any comparison shopping. (back)
All the schools now have "opinion boxes" at the front desk so that students can confidentially submit their opinions and complaints about the school. According to what is written on the box, the box is emptied once a month and the contents sent directly to some bigwigs at the head office. Supposedly the staff never sees them. That the staff never sees them is true anyway. How is that? Because the boxes are never emptied!!! I know for a fact that as I write this (June 15, 1997) there is a message in the Kiryu Nova box which was put there in February. I have mentioned this numerous times and been brushed off each time.
必ずしも貼り付いて見ておられると限らないので、 緊急だったら困るでしょうから応急処置。 It doesn't begin my [menstruation/ period]. I'm in trouble. Water doesn't come out from [this/ the] shower hose. 少々不自然かもしれませんが、通じるはずです。 完璧を期したければ、2ch翻訳スレッド等に聞きに逝くか、誰か達人が来るまでお待ちを。 取り敢えずb&fさんは上がられたかもしれません。 あれさんかヘタレさんがいたら良いんですが。
>132 I'm taken. って、聞いたことがないぞ。普通は、I have a boyfriend.などと答えるじゃろう。 ありだろうけど、なんかIs this seat taken? Yes, my brother is coming.と似ている。 I'm available. は、よく聞くよな。
こういう話になると、どうもSomeone's in.という大嘘話を思い出すね。 言わなくもないだろうが、決して多い言い方じゃなくて、たまたまそれを聞いた日本人なり、ちょっと違った表現を教えたかったアメリカ人なりが偉そうに教える。 言えない表現じゃなくても、やっぱ、普通にいう表現じゃないな。 Are you seeing anyone? といわれたら、 Yes, I am.とか Sorry, I'm not available.が普通だろう。 「言うみたいだ」というのなら、実際に英語のTVや映画でどれくらい言われているんだか、教えてほしいもんだ。
会話の場合、定型文を教えられて、それを話すだけじゃダメってこと。 たとえば、How are you?に対しては、 Great. I'm alive and kiching. OkiDoki. So-so. How are you? など色々ある。達人さんの言うように、ある会話の答えは、状況によっていくらでも変わるという当然の話かな。
>b&f I'm sorry. "to exit the highway" is not an adequate answer because a "highway" means just a "main road" whose possible japanese equivalent is 「国(県)道」. I would suggest "to exit [pull off] the interstate [expressway, freeway]."
「路上検問」is a "traffic stop." An officer does not "inspect" your vehicle unless you act very suspiciously.
>>154 ああ、traffic stop なんて言葉あったね。そうかそうか。 なんか言い方あるんじゃないかと思ったんだけど、思いつかなかった。 They may not inspect your vehicle but do inspect your driver's licence, right? But they don't call a traffic stop an "inspection," I guess....
そうだ highway は高速じゃないね。pull off かあ、いい言葉知ってんね。 You must be Alan?
>>152 have を、助動詞じゃなくて普通動詞のときに、I've no money みたいに 've って短縮するのは、口語ね。口語調で、そういうふうに書くことはあるよ。でも、スタンダードな英語じゃないから、学校のテストの答えなんかには書かないほうがいいよ。What do you think, 154?
>>172 the hell は、疑問詞の直後に置いて、その疑問詞を強調します。「いったいぜんたい」とか、そんな感じに訳せます。173 が言ってるように、もっと汚い言葉の the fuck とかも、文法的に同じ使い方をします。the hell を柔らかく婉曲した the heck も、しかり。
Who the hell are you? オマエはいったい何者だ? What the hell do you think you are doing!? いったい何てことしてやがんだ!? What the fuck are you talking about? いったい何を言ってるんだ? What the heck!? 何だって!?
それで思い出したけど、俳優のクリストファー・ウォーケンが、ある対談番組に出演したとき、その番組の出演者へのお決まりの質問で、What is your favorite cursing word? って訊かれて、しばらく考えてから "Heck" って答えたら、会場がどっとウケたってことがあった。まあ何て可愛らしい、って感じなんだろうね。汚い放送禁止用語じゃなくて、heck(「ちぇ」みたいな?)っていうのが。
On the way to back home today, I noticed there was something looked like a piece of poop on the road.
I took a closer look at it, it was surely a piece of poop. I took a sniff of it too, then it was certainly a piece of poop. Rubbing it a few times, I found it without a doubt a piece of poop. Licking it a little bit, I found it definitely a piece of poop. Having a nibble of it, I found it a genuine piece of poop.
From Teri Peterson: "My father is looking for the origin of the phrase goody two shoes."
It comes from the title of a rather twee and moralistic nursery tale called The History of Goody Two-Shoes, which is thought to have been written by Oliver Goldsmith, and which was published in 1765 by John Newbery, one of the earliest London publishers of children's stories. Goody owned only one shoe. When she was given a pair of them, she was so pleased that she showed them to everybody, saying "Two shoes". The phrase now refers to a self-righteous, smugly virtuous person.
I am learning English now. Please give me some advice. I want to come to get the meaning of English by it's own. How should I study English for it?
I can get the meaning of the short or easy sentences but I don't get progress from there.
What I do now is to listen news or so earnestly (I can get the eighty percent of it .I can understand what they are talking about but can't get the details. and read long ariticles(I can't get it only after I transrate it into Japanese in my head.
What else should I do to master English? Could you give me some advice?
English is now being studied by me.I would be happay to get some advice. なんでも、いいんだよ ジョー とにかくやり通せ 受身がむりなら、主語を逆にするのでもいい 俺はこれから 飯場で 仕事があるから また夜教えてやるからな それまでに仕上げとくんだぞ ジョー
English is now being learned by me I would be happay to get some advice. =============================================================== The meaning of English by it's own is wanted to come to be got by me.
How should be English studyed by me for it. The meaning of the short or easy sentences can be understood by me but Progress of my English ability can't be made from there.
What be done by me is to listen news or so earnestly (Eighty percent of it can be nuderstood by me. What they are talking about can be understood by me but the details can't ) and long articles are read by me (They can be understood only after they are translated into Japanese by me in my head)
What else should be done by me to master English? I will appreciate any advice.
そんで「悲惨なバーチェット一家」についての問題だよ。 Q1.Name each member of the family. Q2. When the acccident happened, where were each of them? Q3. How did they get trapped? Q4. Why was the son unable to get out fast? Q5. What is the last (tasteless) question that the interviewer throws away to them? Write exactly what he said.
>>227 Q1. Jamie, Brian, Jennifer Q2. Jamie and his son, Brian were in the car of "Chaos Ride", and the wife, Jennifer was on the ground, watching them on the ride. Q3. The wheel with the cars of "Cahos Ride" crashed down and trapped them in the car upside down. Q4. The rescurers had to wait to make sure the ride was stable before they could to the rescue work. Q5. Either of Jamie or Brian would get on this kind of the ride again in the future.
She's the high priestess of her own religion, ruling a world of prancing gypsies, gold-dust princesses and white-winged doves, all without going anywhere near a sensible shoe Like David Bowie or Bryan Ferry,
引用するときは、意味がわかるように引用してほしい。特に、文章の途中で区切らないこと。David Bowieのようなsensible shoeとなると、なんだかわからなくなってしまう。 Stevie Nicks is more than a rock icon: She's the high priestess of her own religion, ruling a world of prancing gypsies, gold-dust princesses and white-winged doves, all without going anywhere with a sensible shoe. Like David Bowie or Bryan Ferry, Nicks has spent a career turning her private fantasies into an elaborate pop mythology. And even when she gets carried away, she still has that soulful ache in her voice. ロックの世界ではスティービー・ニックは偶像以上の存在だ。独自の宗教の上級司祭なのである。ジプシーが飛び回り、王女が金粉に包まれ、鳩が白い羽根で飛び立つ、そんな世界が彼女の司る世界。でも、その世界を支配するために、これといった靴をはいて、どこかに出歩いたわけではない。デビッド・ボウイやブライアン・フェリーのように、自分の空想を精巧な神話として歌い上げるのが彼女の音楽。感動に押し流されても、声には魂の痛みが残る。ソロになってからの活動をまとめた3枚組みCD「魅せられて」を聞くと、自分の夢をいかに忠実に歌い上げてきたのかがわかる。
A1. Jamie=Dad,Ryan=son,Jeniffer=Mom A2. Jamie and Ryan were on the Chaos ride. Jennifer was on the ground with her daughter. A3. The ride fell down and they were pinned down on the ground upside-down. A4. The rescuers had to wait to make sure the ride was stable before they could do the rescue work. A5. Would either of you get on one of these rides again in the near future?
>>211 う〜ん、この文章にアドバイスですか。私は達人の域には遠いので、困ってしまいます。 日本語を英語にしようとせず、最初から英語で書いたらどうでしょうか。 特にキーとなる「英語のまま会話を理解する」という概念は、もう少し、はっきり書かないと、アメリカ人にはわからないはずです。 Hi, I am a Japanese student working to improve my English. Would you guys please help me? My wish is to understand English without translating them into Japanese mentally. やはり、聞く聞く聞く、読む読む読むだと思います。
【Round 1 ジョー】 (1)ただいま英語を勉強しているんですけれども、アドバイスをください! (1a)I am learning English now. Please give me some advice. (1b)English is now being learned by me I would be happay to get some advice.
【Round 1 力石徹】 (1a)問題ありません。 (1b)問題ありません。後半, Iからの書き換えでの表現は問題ないです。別解ですが、 (1b-2) I would be happy if I could get some advice.という言い方もありますね。 後半の別解 (1b-3)Some advice to me is welcome.
のでしょうか? (2a)I want to come to get the meaning of English by it's own. How should I study English for it? (2b) The meaning of English by it's own is wanted to come to be got by me. How should be English
を理解すると解釈しますと、 (2a-2)How should I study English so that I can understand (又はgrasp) the English conversation
without translating into Japanese in my mind? なお、「〜になる」という語感からcome toを使われたようですが、I want to come to 〜という言い方はし
ません。力石の例のようにso that節を使用する事で〜のためにと表現する方法を参考にして下さい。 (2b)"meaning is wanted by me"の形に正しく言い換えられていますのでOKです。How should I study
English?を言い換えますと、 (2b-2) How English should be studied by me?となります。力石例(2a-2)を言い換えますと次の通りです。 (2b-3)How English should be studied (by me) so that English conversation is understood without
translation (in Japanese) in my mind? ( )は無い方がより自然な文になりますね。
【Round 3 ジョー】 (3)簡単な文章、短い文章は、そのまま理解できるんですけれどもそれから進歩しません。 (3a)I can get the meaning of the short or easy sentences but I don't get progress from there. (3b)The meaning of the short or easy sentences can be understood by me but Progress of my English
ability can't be made from there.
【Round 3 力石徹】 (3a)the short or easy sentences --> short and easy sentences 「そこから」という言葉を文字通りとら
ん) (4a)What I do now is to listen news or so earnestly (I can get the eighty percent of it .I can
understand what they are talking about but can't get the details. and read long ariticles(I can't
get it only after I transrate it into Japanese in my head. (4b)What be done by me is to listen news or so earnestly (Eighty percent of it can be nuderstood
by me. What they are talking about can be understood by me but the details can't ) and long
articles are read by me (They can be understood only after they are translated into Japanese by me
は、 news or so earnestly --> news so earnestly 、最後の部分、 I can't get it only after I
translate it into japanese in my mind.の部分については原文を極力生かせば、 I can get it only after
I translate it into Japajese on my mind.か、または、 I can't get it without translating ... (4b)全文にわたり、手を入れるところがほとんどありません。 (4b-2) To listen news so earnestly and to read long articles are done by me.
【Round 5 - Final ジョー】 (5)それ以外に何かやっといたほうが良いというアドバイスお持ちの方教えてください! (5a)What else should I do to master English? Could you give me some advice? (5b)What else should be done by me to master English? I will appreciate any advice.
【Round 5 - Final 力石徹】 (5a)申し分ないです。できれば、1文で表す方法も研究してください。 (5a-2)Could you give me your advice what else I should do to master English? (5b)前半申し分ありません。 I での言い換えはOKです。Some adviceを主語にしますと、 (5b-3)Could some advice be given to me by you? (5a-2)を言い換えてみます (5a-4)Could some advice be given to me by you what else should be done by me to master English?
>>285 そっか。じゃあ、My box is filled with girlish fantasies. っていうの、いいんじゃないの? あれ氏の In my box, you'll find the essence of an innocent girl. は、とってもいいんだけど、ちょっと長いよね。
In my box, I keep my girlish fantasies. とか?
なんか、ビーチ・ボーイズの "In My Room" を思い出してしまった。
There's a world where I can go and tell my secrets to In my room, in my room In this world I lock out all my worries and my fears In my room, in my room
Do my dreaming and my scheming Lie awake and pray Do my crying and my sighing Laugh at yesterday
Now it's dark and I'm alone But I won't be afraid In my room, in my room In my room, in my room In my room, in my room
Homeless want level playing field (2:12)についてです。がんばれロビン!
Q1. Where does Robin Fudge live now? Q2. Accrding to Robin how much is the rent of a bedroom for month that she can't afford? Q2. What is the difference between 80's and now that Mary Brosnahan says? Q3. NY mayor says NY's large subsidized developments do not work well.Why? Q4. Harold Greenberg claims who should be prosecuted?
Homeless want level playing field (2:12)についてです。がんばれロビン!
Q1. Where does Robin Fudge live now? Q2. Accrding to Robin how much is the rent of a bedroom for month that she can't afford? Q3. What is the difference between 80's and now that Mary Brosnahan says? Q4. NYC mayor says NY's large subsidized developments do not work well.Why? Q5. Harold Greenberg claims who should be prosecuted?
A1. She lives in a home-missing-shelter(仮設住宅?)in New York with her daughter. A2. 800$s. A3. There were many jobs in 80's but now population is increasing too much overwhelming economic growth.(絶対違うと思う。聞き取れてない。) Q4.Q5.単語が聞いたこと無いのばかりで解りません。
>>302 Rubin Fudge is at her wits' end. "We'd got a firmer place to live, OK?"
Once again, she says, her application for permanent housing has been turned down by the city sending Funge and her three-year-old daughter back to a homeless shelter. "I have no problem at working. Non. But I need houses. They not. It's so hard up here. They wanna charge for one bedroom eight hundred dala. How can I afford that?"
Fudge is not alone. A record number of families in New York City, more than six thousand with eleven thousand children are stacked in the shelter system. Price stat of New York sky high a rental market, even if the economy slows.
It's a crisis, homeless advocates say, is invisible to most New Yorkers. "Back in the late eighties when you walked to work, or walked anywhere, you were stepping over bodies, seemingly on every street corner. But this time around, because the population shifted and it's mostly families with young children, we are not encountering those people on the street."
It's not just New York City. Many cities across the country report sharp increases in the number of people searching for places to live. Demand for emergency shelter in twenty-five surveyed cities increased the average of 15 percent in 1999 according to the US Conference of Mayors. Homeless advocates say the private sector has yet responded to the needs of people like Robin Fudge. So government at all levels must pitch in. But New York Mayor Rudie Juliane says the only real solution is private investiments.
"You don't want to go back to where you were before, with a large subsidized development and end up to become dilapidated, deteriorated, and then you both have the diminution and the quality of the housing stock.
Landlord Harold Greenburg say, there's no incentive to provide low income houses. "Landlords will be prosecuted if government does not prosecute (dead) tenants when they destroy, when they deal drugs, anything in this nature. We need a level playing field. And that's not happening."
The homeless say, they want the level playing field, too. Now it's up to the elected officials to figure out how to make that happen.
the potatoとする感覚が逆にわからないな。 the potatoとする感覚が逆にわからないな。 I love any style of potato dishes, mashed potato, fried potato, baked potato, I love all kinds of potato dishes. でなくて、生のポテトといった感じになるけど。 on the tableとしたりするのは、in the frigと似た感覚を考えてるのかな? 自分の前の皿にだけ、いつもいつも出てくるなんてよう。ほかの奴の皿にはでてこないのに。 だったら、やはりmyをつけるけど。
さすが、あれさん! 俺は、ロビンの言ってることが良くわからなかったんで、 書き起こすことなんて、とても出来ませんでした。 ちょっと、気になったのですが、 the private sector hasn't responded i/o has not yet 市長の発言の最後の方は、ended up becoming と、俺には聞こえました。 後、家主の発言のところは、 Landlords like Harold Greenburg is saying, there's no incentive to provide low income housing. "Landlords will be prosecuted. The government does not prosecute bad tenants when they destroy, when they deal drugs, anything in this nature. We need a level playing field. And that's not out there." 以上のように聞こえましたが、絶対の自信があるわけではないです。
>>310 あれさん、お見事。 more than six thousand with eleven thousand children は、stacked じゃなくて、stuck in the shelter system ですね。
>>320 That's a good interpretation. I couldn't come up with that one. Problems like this show how important cultural contexts are. Meanwhile, you don't need to CHALLENGE me. Just kindly throw in your ideas. Thanks.
Well, I must say that it feels great to have completed my last working day at Nova. It was quite possibly the most bogus organization I have ever worked for.
What is so bogus about Nova? Well, let's look at a few things. In fairness though, remember that many of the following observations apply to the entire "English Conversation School" industry in Japan equally.
There are no professional qualifications required to be a teacher. Nova provides three days of "training" for all new teachers. Want to teach the outrageously overpriced children's lessons? Just another 45 minutes of training. Well, I must say that it feels great to have completed my last working day at Nova. It was quite possibly the most bogus organization I have ever worked for.
What is so bogus about Nova? Well, let's look at a few things. In fairness though, remember that many of the following observations apply to the entire "English Conversation School" industry in Japan equally. There are no professional qualifications required to be a teacher. Nova provides three days of "training" for all new teachers. Want to teach the outrageously overpriced children's lessons? Just another 45 minutes of training. Once they get the students' money, they don't really give a damn whether they ever learn to speak English well or not. They follow P.T. Barnum's maxim about their being a sucker born every minute. Hardly any of the staff can speak English well and almost NONE of them study at Nova. Then in their sales talk they tell people how wonderful Nova is and how much they can improve their English at Nova. How in hell would they know? Would you eat lunch at a restaurant where the people who worked there always brought their lunch? I think not. What is good about Nova? The commercials are EXCELLENT!! They attract people like you wouldn't believe. In my school, we have people who drive in from two or three towns away. Why? Because they were hooked by the commercials. They have English schools right in their own towns, yet they drive an hour to study at Nova. All this when Nova is no better or worse than any of the other schools out there.
All the schools now have "opinion boxes" at the front desk so that students can confidentially submit their opinions and complaints about the school. According to what is written on the box, the box is emptied once a month and the contents sent directly to some bigwigs at the head office. Supposedly the staff never sees them. That the staff never sees them is true anyway. How is that? Because the boxes are never emptied!!! I know for a fact that as I write this (June 15, 1997) there is a message in the Kiryu Nova box which was put there in February. I have mentioned this numerous times and been brushed off each time. あとはこちらから >>96>>97>>98
>>357 XXXX Made Easy It means a complicated subject is explained in simple terms. There are many similar titles of book series:
"Home Pages For Dummies." "Introduction to Home Repair" "Dentistry for Beginners" "A Beginner's Guide to Herbal Allergy Treatment" "So You Want to Know About Guinea Pigs" "Everything You Wanted to Know About Soy Beans but Were Afraid to Ask." "The Iron Chef Explains Chinese Cooking."
Warning: Many of the above titles are Zorro's creation. You will not find them in published books!
>>359 Are you asking me to translate this to Japanese? I am not an expert on translation, but the first translation that comes to my mind is, "簡単なXXXX." It may suck, but I cannot come up with a better translation. I want to leave translation to the other experts on this board.
Another way to paraphrase is "This book will make XXXX easy for you to understand."
"This book will make XXXX easy for you to understand." -> XXXX made easy ということは、 madeはpast participle、easyはadjective って言うことでしょうか? 強引に直訳すると、「簡単になったXXXX」 Word power made easyなら「簡単に身につく単語力」 なのでしょうかね。
ところでこのタイプの名詞化(タイトル化)で XXXX made YYYY っとYYYYがeasyでない例はありますでしょうか?
>>357 Zorro 氏が言うとおり。XXXX made easy は、XXXX is made easy by this book という意味やね。XXXX made easy みたいに、[名詞]が後ろから、[SVOC の文型を取る動詞の過去分詞]+[補語]に修飾さるというのは、よくある表現でしょう。
Inner workings made visible The accused found innocent A celebrity turned politician
ain'tが使われる可能性が高い一つのケースとして、am を使った肯定文への付加疑問文があるYO たとえば、 I am clever.への付加疑問文としては 1.I am clever, aren't I? 2.I am clever, am I not? 3.I am clever, ain't I? の三種類が考えられるけど、1.はI にareを使う違和感が あるし、2.はとても堅苦しく聞こえるし、てことで、もと もと人称を区別しない3.をあえて使う人もいるYO
MXやっててアメリカ人にDLさせてもらってありがとうってメッセージ送ったら ohhr eally!!well lemme see whihc one it is!!hang on a sec!hehehe! って返ってきたんだけどよく意味がわかんない。これって馬鹿にされてるんでしょ? Fuckyou!って送っても良い?
>>392 全然馬鹿にしてないじゃん。タイプのミスを修正すると、 "Oh really? Well, let me see which one it is!! Hang on a second! Hehehe!"「本当? えーと、どれなのか確認 させて。ちょっと待って、へへへ」。意味もわからないくせ に、つまらないことしようと思うなよ。
どなたか教えてください。 Shall I tell you about my dream last night? っていう文があったんですが、このlast nightって副詞句か名詞句か かわかりません。というか副詞句だと意味がおかしいし、名詞句だと なんでmy last night dream にならないのか疑問なのです。
ここでは必ず達人が後から見ますからね。正解予想。本来なら Shall I tell you about my dream (which/ that) I had last night? となるべき文章でしょうね。そういう理由で副詞句だと思いますが。 でも普通ならDo you want to here 〜 とするはずの文。なんでこんな形に?
>>411 will be doing = will be in the middle of doing something って意味は一つあるんだけど、411 が引用してる参考書の例文のように、副詞句その他の文脈でそういう時制が限定されなければ、そういう意味にはならない。そして、will be doing がそういうふうに使われるのは、実際の英会話では比較的マレです。
will be doing っていう表現は、そういう限定された「未来進行」の意味ではなく、日常的な英会話で頻繁に使われて、その場合、「〜することになっている、〜する予定だ」という意味になります。これは、be doing something とほとんど同じ意味です。>>403 の訳も、そういう意味でしょう。This train will be stopping at.... というのも、この用法です。ここには「意志」とか「進行」の意味はありません。
"Are you doing something tomorrow night?" "I'll be going to a concert."
"I'm leaving." "OK. I'll be seeing you next Monday."
こういう will be doing の用法は実践的な英語では頻繁に使われるけど、いわゆる「学校英語」ではちゃんと教わらないんじゃないか。「未来進行」っていうのは、いかにも学校で教える時制という感じがする。
こういう実践的で基本的な文法について知りたかったら、オレが上にあげた教科書がとても良いです。現在形に始まって、be doing, will do, be going to do, will be doing の複数の使われ方についても、一番初めに解説してあります。
>>428 なるほどね。そう言われてみると、そうかもね。今、手元に参考書のたぐいが何もないんで、調べらんないけど。主語が一人称のとき、will は必ず「意志」を表すってことなのか。主語が一人称じゃないときも、will は話者の観念を表すのか? It will rain. とか? オレすごい基本的なこと分かってないかも(w
あそこで強調したかったのは、will be doing が「意志」かどうかよりも、「進行」じゃない場合が多いってことではあったんだけどね。
うーん発話でI WILL see him...とかwillを短縮形じゃなく強く 言えばはっきり意志だと思うけど。文章はそのへん難しいね。 あと進行形が何を意味するかも、その動詞の性質によるでしょう。 seeだと、一瞬見るだけか長時間会ってるのかわからん。 watchだと、TV見るみたいに継続性があるよね。
>>415 Shall I tell you about my dream last night? "last night"句は"my dream"句を修飾しています。my dreamは名詞句ですので、 名詞句を修飾するlast nightは名詞句の形容詞的用法になります。名詞句が 直前の名詞句を修飾する例は沢山あります。たとえば、
Shall I tell you about my dream during the previous night? during(前置詞) the(定冠詞) previous(形容詞) night(名詞)は全体で 名詞句になりますが、このduring句はmy dreamを修飾しています。 last nightのlastは形容詞, nightは名詞です。念のため。
>>416もっと簡単に、 my dream last night (= of the last night)と考えれば形容詞的用法であ る事は明らかですね。ここに節を入れますと元の文と文型が変わってしまいます。
My friend hereのhereは形容詞(または名詞の形容詞的用法)です。 here adjective. used for emphasis especially after a demonstrative pronoun or after a noun modified by a demonstrative adjective <this book here> (Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary)
ちょっと調べてみたんだけど、S. Greenbaum and R. Quirk の A Student's Grammar of the English Language(これは、英文法の研究書として現在最も権威があるとされる A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language の縮小版)によると、"future as a matter of course" を表す will be doing の will には、「意志」の意味はないと書いてある。以下、引用。
The construction of "will"/"shall" with the progressive may indicate a future period of time within which another situation occurs:
"When you reach the end of the bridge, I'll be waiting there to show you the way."
Another use denotes "future as a matter of course." (It avoids the interpretation of volition, intention, promise, etc., to which "will", "shall," and "be going" to are liable.)
"We'll be flying at 30,000 feet."
Spoken by the pilot of an aircraft to the passengers, the statement implies that 30,000 feet is the normal and expected altitude for the flight. This implication accounts for the use of the construction to convey greater tact than the nonprogressive with "will"/"shall":
"When will you be paying back the money?"
ちなみに、先にあげた Grammar in Use にも、同じようなことが書いてある。 上にある飛行機のアナウンスの例は、This train will be stopping at.... と全く同じだね。
進行形は、小さいときからずーっと気になっていたけど、不思議な語感がでてくるよね。 I'm sorry but I must be leaving.(本当はもう帰り支度をしてなきゃ) I am sorry but I must leave.(もう帰らなきゃ) この違いは、訳には全面的には出てこない話し手の心の持ち方。英会話をするものは、どんな感情の差があるかを見極めたい。
あと、実はこれも気になってたんで見てみたんだけど、be going to do にも「意志」や「予想」の意味があるよね。以下は Grammar in Use から引用。
GOING TO (I AM GOING TO DO)
a) We use "going to (do)" when we say what we have already decided to do, or what we intend to do in the future:
"A: There's a movie on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? B: No, I'm too tired. I'm going to make it an early night." "A: I hear Ann has won a lot of money. What is she going to do with it? B: I've heard she's going to travel around the world."
b) We prefer to use the present continuous ("I am doing") when we say what someone has arranged to do -- for example, arranged to meet someone, arranged to travel somewhere. "Going to" is also possible:
"What time are you meeting Ann? (or are you going to meet)" "I'm leaving for Europe on Monday. (or I'm going to leave)"
c) We use "was/were going to" to say what someone intended to do in the past (but didn't do):
"We were going to take the train, but then we decided to go by car." "A: Did Tom take the exam? B: No, he was going to take it, but then he changed his mind."
d) "Going to" also has another meaning. Study this example situation:
The man can't see where he is going. There is a hole in front of him.
He "is going to fall" into the hole.
Here the speaker is saying what he think will happen. Of course he doesn't mean that the man intends to fall into the hole.
We use "going to" in this way when we say what we think will happen. Usually there is something in the present situation (the man walking toward the hole) that makes the speaker sure about what will happen.
"Look at those black clouds! It's going to rain. (the clouds are there now)" "Oh, I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick. (I feel terrible now)"
以上は、意味の現象的な説明で、なぜそうなるかという言語学的分析にはなってないけどね。他にも、will と going to の比較で示唆的なことが書いてあるけど、長いので省略。確かに、「意志」でも、will はその場で決めたことであるのに対して、going to do は既に持っている意志を表したり、「予想」でも、going to do は現在目の前に何か原因があって、何が起こるか話者に確信がるというふうに、going to do は客観性の認識を表すのが基本ということなのかなと思います。
Q1. How do people know what a dog's thinking, aside hearing growling and barking? Q2. What is the name of the new product? Q3. How does this device work? Q4. What feelings to be captured are there as examples? Name three. Q5. When is the new product available?
これはオレの推測なんだけど、going to というのは、「何かが何かに向かっている」というのが認知的な意味だから、例えば、主体が意図して何かに向かっているというのもそれに含まれる。それに対して、will というのは語源的に「未来についての観念を持つ(志向する)」という意味で、助動詞の will の用法は、そこから派生する意味になっている。そう考えると、going to というのは「状態」で、will というのは「行為」に近いのかもしれない。
>> 443 I am not sure what your point is, here. If you are talking about the usage of "will" in the future tense, basically there are two meanings. One expresses willingness, wishes or strong intentions. The other is a simple prediction of the future.
Consider this example: "I'm worried that I will completely lose control in front of my girlfriend. I would never want to do that."
The speaker does not intend to lose control, but is afraid it will happen. In this case, it is only a prediction of the future.
It is dangerous to assume that every time the word "will" is used that it expresses intent. When you speak a living language, it helps to be more flexible.
>>448 Zorroさん? or anyone, teach me please. I'm not good at English enough to understand your words, "When you speak a livinglanguage, it helps to be more flexible." Could you explain in other expressions?
>>448 As you are saying, the modal auxiliary "will" expresses both prediction and volition. But this is also the case with "going to." Beyond this similarity, we know that "will" and "going to" are used differently, signifying different meanings. So my point was to ask: is there any systematic logic behind the semantic differentiations in their usage?
One analysis was that "will" indicates subjectivity of the statement, whereas "going to" expresses objectivity. I thought there is a truth in this analysis, but I tried to speculate a bit further, thinking if I could dispel some unclearness I felt about this subjective-vs-objective distinction. Did I come up with a good explanation? I don't know. Maybe not.
>>450 Let me also comment on Zorro's point about the "spoken language" and "grammar," for I do not think it is exactly true that "the spoken language comes first."
We can consider "grammar" to be an analysis of what linguists call "langue," the abstract system or rules of a language. On the other hand, the "spoken language" is a kind of "parole," the actual performance of a language.
Langue and parole are interdependent. Langue is embodied by instances of parole, and so it is parole that can also modify langue. But without langue, there can be no parole. You cannot construct a meaningful sentence without rules of a language. Behind the explicit parole, there is always the implicit langue. If parole is "performance," langue is "competence."
I understand what you are saying is that the actual use of a language does not always follow a set of codified rules. "Grammar" in this sense is limited. I agree with you on this point. But as an analysis of langue, grammar can make the semantic logic of parole clear. Every parole has a particular logic that produces its meaning, and that logic works in the context of langue.
> Don't take the rules literally without seeing the whole scope of the language.
I absolutely agree with you here. But I don't think the spoken language is the whole scope of a language either. We also need the extrinsic context of the langue so that we can make sense of the parole. The spoken language and the linguistic rules dependon each other. Neither comes first.
Michael J. Fox on stem cell research マイケルJフォックスに久しぶりに会えてよかった、もちろん画面を通してだけど。
Q1. What was Michael's most wanted to hear from the president? Q2. He was previously told how many stem cell lines exsisted? Q3. He does not think President Bush makes frozen embryos off-limits. How do you know that? Q4. What does Michael hope next? Q5. From what he said last, what do you find him doing before this interview?
>>441 それでは前回の書き起こしを… Up until now the only way you could tell what your pet is thinking is a wag of the tail here, a growl there, a bark or two, but now a Japanese toy maker has come up with a canine to human translator. It's the Bow-lingual. It doesn't really interpret words or phrases, instead helps you determine what kind of mood your dog's in. "This is not about communication between two human beings. Instead we asked ourselves if it was possible to communicate with animals. And the answer to that, is that it is possible." This promotional video explains how it works. There's a microphone under the dog's collar. When he whines or barks, it senses the timbre of the bark, and translate that into the dog's emotions. The information is then sent to what is called the canine emotion pager. The pager tells you what the barks mean in terms of human emotions, like anger, frustration, even a feeling of accomplishments. After collecting the data from full their barking, Bow-lingual gives the owners the list of dog's emotions, using 103 programmed sentences. Bow-lingual is expected to go on sale this coming February for just over a hundred dollars. But so far, the translator is only available in Japanese, which could present the whole another language barrier, one harder to translate than the simple wag of a tail.
>>463 "Spoken language" may have been a hasty choice of words. It is not accurate for what I want to say. Since I cannot see who I am talking to, I am trying to use everyday terms.
Let me clarify. The language I was talking about, in Saussurian terms, could be referred to as "la langage" which is a fusion of "la langue" and "la parole". De Saussure saw the relationship between the two activities of thought and actual speech. "La langue" is a fixed code, learned from the speech of parents as well as from the language habits of the culture to which one belongs. "La parole" is how people use the code, including not only sounds but formal and informal word choice and dialects. Both "la langue" and "la parole" are integral parts of human language.
We're not talking about different things. It looks like my previous choice of words, "spoken language" caused a misunderstanding.
I see grammar as an analysis of the rules of an already existing language. That is, first people develop a system of speaking and codifying speech in their minds, and second they articulate that code. Some cultures don't have written books for grammar, but they still have a coherent language that follows a code. In some cases, the rules and vocabulary of "primitive" societies can be quite sophisticated and complex.
The written grammar rules sometimes try to affect the language, instead of the other way around. For example, the issue of "split infinitives." People used them happily for centuries. In the 1860's, the dean of Canterbury published a grammar book and forced the rules of Latin grammar onto English. He couldn't stand to see an adverb in between "to" and an infinitive of a verb. That foreign idea became locked in the public consciousness. Scholars periodically come forth to say, it's all right. Really! The Oxford dictionary says so. Yet the "don't split an infinitive" rule will not be laid to rest, even though most people don't follow the rule in everyday conversation.
KEN: julia,how about going to Universal Studios tomorrow?
JULIA: Ken,are You asking me out on a date ? Sure,why not? you are very kind.
KEN: Have you been to Universal Studios before?
JULIA: Sure.We have two Universal Studious in the States. In California and in Florida. I have been to both.I really want to go to Universal Studios Japan in osaka.
KEN: You do? Is it that interesting?
JULIA: Of course. Because we can "ride the movies!"
KEN: Ride the movies?
JULIA: Ride the movies means that you can experience the virtual world of the movies. You have seen the movie Jurassic Park right? You can see dinosaurs face-to-face ride a boat douwn a waterfall and get very wet. This is what we call "ride the movies". Does not sound exciting?
KEN: It sure does! What else?
JULIA: Think of your favorite Hollywood movies.What occurs to you?
KEN: Well let me see......Back to the Future!
JULIA: That is it! You can ride that famous DeLorean and feel what it is like to travel in time.
KEN: Really? Iam so excited. I just can not wait until tomorrow. By the way which should I take you to California or Florida?
ちなみに、現代の言語学では、言語は変化するものだってのが常識だから、文法も基本的に「記述文法 descriptive grammar」になってるんだよね。実際に使われてる英語を分析して記述するという。現代英語の文法解説書として最も権威があるとされる A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language も、「英語慣用調査 Survey of English Usage」とよばれるプロジェクトで得られた資料の分析をもとに、インフォーマント・テストや著者の言語的直感を援用して書かれたものになっています。
English can be seen everywhere in Japan. You see it on billboards,posters,clothing,TV and magazines. I sometimes find funny English words. I will introduce some of them to you. The supermarket in my neighborhood has some interesting products with English names. One of these products is "Hotchkiss"which we bind papers with. In English we don’t use this name. It is called a "stapler". Actually ,Mr. Hotchkiss was an American, who invented the stapler. Hotchkiss is an example of Japanese -English word. In English "Trainer"means a person who trains animals or athletes. The word is used as "dog trainer"or "boxing trainer". In Japanese-English, you wear a "trainer". The correct name should be a "sweatshirt". Sure,it is easy for Americans to laugh at all of this. But they may be laughed at in the same way. Recently in america, clothing with kanji characters is quite popular. Unfortunately,no one has told them what all the Jpanese characters on the T-shirts in America include:Mt Fuji, No.1,sushi and "baka"(idiot). Just changing one word around or using the wrong verb can totally change the meaning in Einglish . This commom mistake often happens on airplanes. When a non-japanese flight atten-dant asks Japanese people what they would like to drink,most people say, "I am orange juice". In Japanese, this is perfectly okay. For example, "Boku wa orenji jusu desu." However, it makes no sense in English. But I can't laugh too hard. Years ago, I ordered an American coffee in Japan. When the waitress brought it to me, she said, "Amerikan desu ne?" I answered, "Yes.I am from America.How did you know?"
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary Englishで plagiarismの説明に an idea, phrase, story etc that has been copied from someone else's work, without stating that this is where it come from という記述があります。
>>513 Be gone! はないんでないの。英語として不自然でしょ。(文語みたい。)だったら Get lost! とかじゃないの。
>>514 this=someone else's work, it=an idea, phrase, story, etc. this と it で言い分けてるのがちょっと分かりづらいけど、this が、センテンスの中でその代名詞にも近い、前句の述語部分(「〜である」の部分)、it が主語を指してる。
達人の方々にちょいと質問です。 先日外国の友人から手紙が来て 文章の最後のほうに「We hope you are still playing your guitar.」 という文がでてきました。これは、簡単に訳すと簡単ですが、 何となく自分の解釈で「ありのままの自分でいてください」みたいなニュアンスが感じられるようなきがするんです。ちょっと考えすぎなのかもしれないですけど、こうゆう表現は英語ではよくするのでしょうか?わかりません....
What's up with this guy,sending out all these flames? I don't remember asking you what you what you thought. what a fucker! That dude is such an idiot.
例えば、昔に出ていたThe American Heritage(R) Book of English Usage.だと、次のように解説してある。
the traditional rules. The traditional rules state that you use shall to show what happens in the future only when I or we is the subject: I shall (not will) call you tomorrow. We shall (not will) be sure to keep in touch. Will, on the other hand, is used with subjects in the second and third persons: The comet will (not shall) return in 87 years. You will (not shall) probably encounter some heavy seas when you round the point. However, you can use will with a subject in the first person and shall with a subject in the second or third person to express determination, promise, obligation, or permission, depending on the context. Thus I will leave tomorrow indicates that the speaker is determined to leave. You shall leave tomorrow has the ring of a command. The sentence You shall have your money expresses a promise (“I will see that you get your money”), whereas You will have your money makes a simple prediction.
the reality. The English and some sticklers about usage are probably the only people who follow these rules, and then not with perfect consistency. In America, people who try to adhere to them run the risk of sounding pretentious or haughty. Americans normally use will to express most of the senses reserved for shall in British usage. Americans use shall chiefly in first person invitations and questions that request an opinion or agreement, such as Shall we go?, and in certain fixed expressions, such as We shall overcome. In formal style, Americans use shall to express an explicit obligation, such as Applicants shall provide a proof of residence, though must or should works just as well here. In speech you can get the distinctions in meaning delineated in the traditional rules by putting stress on the auxiliary verb, as in I will leave tomorrow (“I intend to leave”). You can also choose another auxiliary verb, such as must or have to, that is less open to misinterpretation, or you can make your meaning clear by adding an adverb such as certainly.
>>558 私の種本A Practical English Grammer (Thomson / Martinet)によれば
(...)determination is normally expressed by will. But sometimes public speakers feel that to express determination they need a 'heavier' word, a word not normally used much, and so they say shall: (in a speach) We shall fight and we shall win. (...) In we shall win the speaker is promising victory. shall can be used in this way in ordinary conversation: I shall be there, I promise you.
When embarking on Web-based e-learning for your staff, you first must decide whether you want to sponsor courses hosted by an outside service, such as ThinQ.com or click2learn, or build content that you host internally, with a product such as Lotus LearningSpace or gForce Systems. Web-based training courses range from less than a hundred dollars to as much as $4,000, depending on the length and depth of the course. Certainly, the cost of implementing and maintaining an e-learning solution will depend on whether you install it, plus the cost of developing and maintaining that course.
Installing a system is best suited for companies that offer a wealth of internal training, such as HR-provided courses. Hosting the e-learning solution internally gives companies complete control of the content, and most high-end solutions, such as Lotus LearningSpace (see review, "LearningSpace enlivens online training"), offer tools to track and manage employees' performance.
Like millions of kids throughout the country, you just started school extra early. This season, back-to-school dates for some kids were as early as August 2.
Caroline Griggs, a 17-year-old senior at Greenbrier High School near Augusta, Georgia, is among them. "A lot of my friends go to the beach the first week of August," she said. "It's like we had no summer at all!" Almost every school in her home state of Georgia will be in session by August 24.
「AFTER losing them, he ran on four legs and went faster, so that I think he might have got away altogether if he had not unfortunately run into a gooseberry net, and got caught by the large buttons on his jacket」
この英文わからないんですけど誰かわかる人和訳教えてくれませんか? She could read a street sign, but not a store guide. She could read only what she needed to read as, through the years,she married.
@BUT round the end of a cucumber frame, whom should he meet but Mr. McGregor!
AMR. McGREGOR was on his hands and knees planting out young cabbages.
BAFTER losing them, he ran on four legs and went faster, so that I think he might have got away altogether if he had not unfortunately run into a gooseberry net.
CPETER gave himself up for lost, and shed big tears; but his sobs were overheard by some friendly sparrows, who flew to him in great excitement, and implored him to exert himself.
DMR. McGREGOR came up with a sieve, which he intended to pop upon the top of Peter; but Peter wriggled out just in time, leaving his jacket behind him.
この五つの文の訳を教えて下さい。達人の皆さんにとっては簡単すぎて馬鹿らしい 文だとは思いますが、俺にとっては難解です。もちろん大体の意味はつかめるのですが、 もっとはっきりと理解したいのです。ちなみにこの文章は、「THE TALE OF PETER RABBIT」 からの抜粋です。是非お願いします。
原文は、http://mentai.2ch.net/test/read.cgi?bbs=english&key=996918496sl=610 She could read only what she needed to read as, through the years, she married, had five daughters, and helped my grandfather with his restaurant. 結婚して、5人の子供をもうけ、おばさんのレストランの手伝いをしている何年もの間、自分に必要なものしか読まなかった。 となり、as(期間)とthrough the years、she marriedが全て意味が通る。
>>684 もとの文章は She could read only what she needed to read as, through the years, she married, had five daughters, and helped my grandfather with his restaurant. だった。それを、適当に途中でちょん切って、 She could read only what she needed to read as, through the years, she married. を訳してくれ、っていってきた厨房がいたんだよ。 上の文章はわかる。下の文章は意味不明。 she marriedというのは、通常、結婚するという時の一点を示す文章なのに、through the yearsやら、asやら時の一点を示すものとは結びつかない英語がくっついていたから。 詳しくはスレの議論を読んで。仮定法やら、couldの用法やら、なんともな議論もちりばめられているけど。
673 名前:636 投稿日:01/08/31 13:41 ID:ZNDMrrvE >She could read a street sign, but not a store guide. >She could read only what she needed to read as, through the >years,she married.
A: I hear you're popular with your teammates. B: Well, I'm the only girl among a team of twenty. という文章に出会って「among」にていて調べていたのですが、 私が持っている辞書や参考書には「among」と「between」の違いは 載っているのですが、「among」と「in」の違いは載っていませんでした。 私としては、ニ文目が、 「I'm the only girl in a team of twenty.」 ではダメなのかな?という事が、気になっています。 この文で「in」はダメなんですか?「among」と「in」の違いは何なんでしょうか?
>>728 "the thinking man"= attributive adjective. It defines or describes the kind of man you are talking about. "the man thinking"= predicative particple It tells the circumstances under which the man did or suffered something.
>>75 Type /join 80's and join a channel on the Whiskey Server. This Server clears users not in a chat room when the network becomes full. こんなのがきてました、何者なんでしょうこの人。
ことわざの穴埋めです。 the blind・the rich・the poor・the oldなどの 単語が入るはずなんですが。 他のスレで聞いたけど解らなくて・・・ それから訳もよろしくお願いします。 @Love,like youth,is wasted on ( ). AIt's all that ( )can do for ( ),to shock them and keep them up to date. BWhen the rich make war on each other,it's( )who die. CPray for ( )and fihgt like hell for( ).
I am Jaian, the head of the kids I am the one nobody in the world can beat Suneo and Nobita are not a issue at all Fight and sports come right on to me.
Ahhhhhh, DORAEMOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOON, Come and help me! Gian is such a bully to me. Can I have some of your miracle goods to show him what I can really do???
I can not believe you ask him such a question..... I am sure somebody is forming another plot against me!! Shizuka-chaaaaaaaaaaaan, Can I come to play with you after school today?
Ahhhhhhhhhh, DORAEMOOOOOOOOOOOOOON!! Shizuka-chan says she is having a date with Suneo. I can not stand it. I am much more better than him! Could you let me have the miracle things of yours to make her really like me?????
次のように解釈したいと思います。 Great[Gretaはタイプミス] to make contact.連絡がついて嬉しい [I] hope you are wel[l] at this time in the word.今どこかで元気にされていると思います。 [I] have a friend who plays American Country on Japanese[sは不要] radio in Tokyo. アメリカン・カントリー(カントリーウエスタン?)を東京にある日本のラジオで演奏している友人がいます。
>867 The company has an specialist, whose job it it is to interview. 従属節はit is (whose=an specialist's) job to interview. なので、確かにitが多すぎると思います。ただの誤植でしょう。
The Hiroshima valve and the Shikoku valve are well alike. The Shikoku valve will be made when the Hiroshima valve is crushed. Of course, "valve" is a mistranslation.
>>967 いけないことだけど本当は鉄砲をぶっ放してみたい It is not allowed (legally and ethically), but I am really inclined to shot a pistol to kill them / wipe them out by machine gun.
違法がどうのという議論になってたのであえて974のように訳したけど 私なら I'm not proud of it, but I'd really want to shoot a gun.とでも するかな。「いけないことだけど」のニュアンスはこれで充分だと おもうけど。つっか、今ポッと思いついたのを書いただけなのでもっと いいものもいくらでもあるだろうけど。
>I hate violence but I'd like to try shooting guns. ってのはどうだ?
この文脈ならそういうのもありかなと思うけど、ちょっと訳しすぎ の気がするな。
I'm not prout of it but・・・は 「いけないことだけど、不倫してます」 「いけないことだけど、割れ物つかってます」 「いけないことだけど、ダフ屋から切符かいました」 罪悪感はちゃんと感じてますよ、でも・・・ みたいなニュアンスで広くつかえる結構便利な文句かな、という 気もします。