The process of regionalization today has an enormous impact on various fields,both in the region itself and the rest of the world. Consider the issues of international communication that have been encountered in the ASEAN,a regional organization comprised of ten nations across South East Asia, a region of prominent linguistic diversity.
Trees serve a primary function in absorbing water and preventing soil erosion. The water they absorb evaporates and turns into rain. But in places without trees,rainwater flows over the ground and sweeps soil with it. This is called erosion. Moreover,when trees are cut down, the evaporation from them stops. Then rain fall diminishes and leads to dehydration-----areas drying up and becoming desert-like. Trees are also a source of chemical compounds used in medical research and drugs. It is estimated that 25 percent of drugs come from trees and plants in rainforests. A successfully to treat cancer.Sadly, however, this tree is threatened with extinction because of logging. Indeed, forests are disappearing all around the world, mainly in developing countries. This is because the people in these lands create croplands by cutting down trees. But this leads to a vicious circle. Soon after the croplands are created, they become unproductive. Then more trees are cut down.
It was Shakespear who first wrote, "the clothes make the man." He was making an observation that today, some four hundred years later, holds more truth than ever. We judge people whom we otherwise know nothing about simply by the clothes they wear.
>>17 その文は文脈によってwasもisも可。 ちなみに時制というのは無視してもいい場合や、時制を合わせない方が自然になる場合もあるわけ。 He told me Los angeles is in California.とかね。 不変の事実みたいのは時制を無視して現在形で書かれることがよくある。 >>17の文はwas、isどっちも普通に言える。
I doffed my boater and Echo gave a sweet curtsey. "Please," I said. "No ceremony. Let's all be family today." Turning to Dr Stubbs, I asked, "Are the crew in fine fettle?" "The best I've seen, sir," he told me. "They've been here for a week, staying at the Red Lion, getting in hours of practice." "Not at the bar, I trust," said I, evincing a delightful laugh from Echo. "Shall we offer them our good wishes?" "Oh, yes!" said, Echo, with a shade more passion than seemed appropriate. She made a beeline for a diminutive figure in blazer and flannels whom I recognized as Bilbo. "He's our cox," said Dr Stubbs, asif I didn't know. "He steers a canny course." "Is there some skill involved?" I said. "Good Lord, yes. The steering is paramount. He'll be steering for the church." I didn't understand. I hadn't heard that Bilbo had religious affinities. "Do you mean Christ Church?" "No, sir. You misunderstand me. Henry Church is the object to have in one's sights until Poplar Point is cleared. We've drawn the Berkshire station and that should be to our advantage. He'll make it tell. You'll see."
前スレにも出したのですが和訳をしていただけないでしょうか。 和訳よろしくおねがいします。 @ Good morning doctor. I heard that your surgery for today has been canceled. May I ask you why? I couldn't find a box to stand on! A yes, sir. I'd like to buy a dozen golf balls for my dad. It's his birthday. He always yells at the ball. Go! Stop! Run! Bite! Come back! Do you have any that listen? B Yes, maam. I know the answer. The answer is.. uh.. is.. uh.. is.. Why don't we just keep it our little secret?
The distribution of mimetic species should be one of local clusters of good mimics, against a wider background of poor onesーwhich may mean that a poorly mimetic species outnumbers a good one. [mimetic: 擬態の、mimic: 擬態する ]
Fill in the blanks with one of the words below. [evaporate, erosion, diminish, extinction, bulldozer] 1. A ___ was used to clean up the wrecked building. 2. It's very warm, thus the rainfall will ___ fast. 3. The spotted owl is threatened with ___. 4. Her chances of winning the match ___ aslong as she doesn't train. 5. There was an ___ of trust between them because she had lied.
和訳をお願いします。 In the year 1607 a small group of british colonists arrived on the east coast of North America. They named the place where they landed Jamestown - the first British town in North America. The new arrivals set up farms, roads and schools, and it was hard work to build a new colony. In such a tough place the colonists developed a strong sense of individual freedom. By the 1700s thirteen British colonies had been established in Noeth America. Each colony was still under the British flag, though for a few years the colonists had a lot of freedom to make their own goverment. The British government decided to impose new laws and taxes on the colonists, which the colonists refused to pay. This marked the beginning of the Revolutionary War. On July 4th 1776 the American Independence Day has been celebrated on the fourth of July with picnics, parades and fireworks.
ありがとうございます。 one of のof を同格と取ると、分布(分類)の姿は、下手群の中に上手 群が散在するという形なのだ、と訳すことができるかな、とは私も考え たのですが、one of _s と言う定型フレーズ、つまりone はclustersの 中の一個、という呪縛を崩すことがやはりできなくて・・・(模範解答 もしかり)。
>>48 When it is fine , I will go for a walk 晴れのときは散歩に行く、行くだろう (特に予定があるわけではなく、晴れのときは行くだろうという漠然とした話) If it is fine, I will go for a walk もし晴れたら散歩に行くよ、行くつもりだよ (晴れなら(という条件が揃えば)行くよ、と言ってる) If it were fine , I would go for a walk. もし晴れだったら、行っただろうね、行くだろうね (仮定の話)
>>90 そうなんですか?>>85の部分は They took about three million slaves to the New World and sold them to large farms in Brazil and other places. という文の一部なんですが、どうなんでしょう?
>>80 He had never seen crocodiles before he went to Africa. I will have been working for this company for ten years next month. I will have been to America seven times if I go there next year. We have lived here in Sapporo for 15 years. Long time no see. How have you been? Please translate this sentence from Japanese into English.
次の文の( )内を不定詞を用いて書き換えなさい。 1.He was sorry (when he heard) of your failure in business. 2.I should be delighted (if I could) join you. 3.Do you understand (what you have to do)? 4.She hopes (that she will know) the results by tomorrow. 5.The student expected (that he would pass) his examination. 上の問題がよく分からないので、どなたかお願いします。 あと、もしよければ解説もお願いします。 よろしくお願いします。
The story of the rich idiot who had come looking for a burglar was already common knowledge in those insalubrious gullies, but this time the young woman added: 'I should say that I am carrying no money, nor am I wearing any jewellery items. My father has disowned me and will pay no ransom if I am kidnapped; and a letter has been lodged with the Deputy Commissioner of Police, my uncle, to be opened in the event of my not being safe at home by morning. In that letter he will find full details of my journey here, and he will move Heaven and Earth to punish my assailants.'
次の文を指示に従って書き換えなさい。 1.This book is so easy that she can read it.【単文に】 2.It was too heavy for him to carry.【so〜that…を用いて】 3.She had the kindness to help me with my baggage.【kindnessの形容詞を用いて】 4.That tea-cup is so badly broken that it can't be mended.【単文に】 上記の問題が解けないので、もしよければどなたかお願いします。
彼が帰ってきたら一緒に食事をするつもりだ I'll have diner will him when he ()(). 熊は死体には触れないものだという They say a bear ()() touch a dead body. 彼は一昨日からずっと病気で寝ています He ()() ill in bed () the day before yesterday. アメリカに行ったことがありますか () you ever ()() the United Status? 何日も雨続きの後に晴れ上がった It cleared up after it ()()() many days.
>>110 彼が帰ってきたら一緒に食事をするつもりだ I'll have dinner with him when he (comes)(back). チャンとうつせ 熊は死体には触れないものだという They say a bear (would)(not/never) touch a dead body. 彼は一昨日からずっと病気で寝ています He (has)(been) ill in bed (since) the day before yesterday. アメリカに行ったことがありますか (Have) you ever (been)(to) the United Status? 何日も雨続きの後に晴れ上がった It cleared up after it (was)(raining)(for) many days.
>>106 1. This book is easy enough for her to read. 2. It was so heavy that he couldn't carry it. 3. It was kind of her to help me with my baggage. 4. That tea-cup is too badly broken to be able to be mended.
>>118 もし賞ががもらえれば君にわけてあげよう。 If I were to win the prize,I would share it with you. 事故はおこるものだ Accidents will happen. Accidents do happen. 競走馬はまさにスタートしようとしていた。 Race horses were about to get started 私たちは高校時代からの知り合いです。 We've known each other since we were in high school. そんなばかな話は聞いたことがない I've never heard such a nonsense (such a nonsensical story). I've never heard anything more ludicrous.(英次郎) 前夜雨が降ったので、道はぬかるんでいた。 Since it rained last night, the road was muddy.
>>130 The wind which blew all day had become a gale by the evening. The next morning when I got up, I found that all the leaves on the trees in the garden had fallen during the night.
同じ意味になるように a,Open the door at once. b,( )the door ( )opened at once.
誤った箇所がそれぞれ一つずつある、それを指摘した上で正しい形に 1,John's hat was blow off in the wind. 2,When you break the law,you will have to deal with a lawsuit and you will be given punishment if you found guilty.
並び替え イ、パーティーの前に食べ物の用意はすっかりできていた 2語不要 All the food had already (started/before/was/been/for/prepared/we)the party.
ロ、学校はどんな記号で地図にしるされていますか 1語不要 By (a/is/remark/school/sign/signified/what) on the map?
( )内を不定詞を用いて表しなさい。 1.I am at a loss (what answer I should make). 2.(If I speak the truth),I don't like to eat fish raw. 3.He arrived by cad at the station,(but he found) the train had already started.
1.It is necessary (that he should concentrate) his attention on the work. 2.This coffee is so hot taht I can't drink it. 3.This exercise is so difficult that we can't do it. 4.You would be foolish (if you wasted) your money on such trifles. 5.I was afraid (at the thought) of going there alone after dark. 上記の1,4,5は( )を不定詞を用いて、2はtoo〜toを用いて、3は不定詞を用いて表しなさい。
1,It is certain that she herself saw Nessie. She herself () () () Nessie. 2,It is impossible that she was a woman of matchless beauty when young. She () () () a woman of matchless beauty when young. 3,We kept it secret,but it was not necessary. We need not () () it secret. 4,I am sorry you did not study Japanese hard. You () () studiedJapanese hard.
Her exceptional beauty, which was visible even through the enormous welts and bruises disfiguring her arms and forehead, coupled with the oddity of her inquiries, had attracted a sizable group of curious onlookers, and because her little speech seemed to them to cover just about everything, no one attempted to injure her in any way, although there were some raucous comments to the effect that it was pretty peculiar for someone who was trying to hire a crook to invoke the protection of a high-up policeman uncle.
>>155 eveningのあとはピリオドだろ。 I found trees completely bare in our garden. 意味不明 せいぜいI found that the trees in our garden were completely bare. >>131に対する指摘は正しいケド自分のがこれじゃw
>>147 1.It is necessary for him to concentrate his attention on the work. 2.This coffee is too hot to drink. 3.THis excercise is too difficult to do. 4.You would be foolish to waste your money on such trifles. 5.I was afraid to think of going there alone after dark. 逆を言えるようにした方が勉強になる。
>>149 1,It is certain that she herself saw Nessie. She herself must have saw Nessie. 2,It is impossible that she was a woman of matchless beauty when young. She could never be a woman of matchless beauty when young. 3,We kept it secret,but it was not necessary. We need not have kept it secret. 4,I am sorry you did not study Japanese hard. You might have studiedJapanese hard.
( )内を不定詞を用いて表しなさい。 1.He was the first man (that climbed) Mount Everest. 2.Mary was told (that she must not dirty) her frock. 3.He wept (when he saw) his work destroyed. 上の問題が分かりません… もしよければどなたかお願いします。
次の文の( )内を不定詞を用いて書き換えなさい。 1.He was sorry (when he heard) of your failure in business. 2.I should be delighted (if I could) join you. 3.Do you understand (what you have to do)? 4.She hopes (that she will know) the results by tomorrow. 5.The student expected (that he would pass) his examination. 上の問題がよく分からないので、どなたかお願いします。
横1 This man is driving his car ( ). (車をバックさせてる絵) 横2 (両足の絵があり、かかとらしきところに矢印) 縦1 I am having a party tomorrow. Are you ( ) to come? 1 1_________ _ 2_____ _
>>191 上の文 most of the students でmost は代名詞。some of 〜、all of 〜、one of 〜 などと同種
下の文 almost all the stamps で all は形容詞。ただし、冠詞との語順に注意。 almost は副詞で all を修飾する。almost all で意味的には most と同じに なるが冠詞との関係から most は不可。almost は副詞のみだから名詞を修飾できない。 ここでのmost は代名詞から the は不要。なければOK
1.This new highway construction project will help the company ( ). ア.diversity イ.clarify ウ.intensify エ.modify
2.It is admirable that Ms.Jin wishes to handle all transactions by ( ), but it might be better if several people shared the responsibility. ア.she イ.herself ウ.her エ.hers
3.It has been suggested that employees ( ) to work in their current positions until the quarterly review is finished. ア.continuity イ.continue ウ.continuing エ.continuous
4.Small-company stocks usually benefit ( ) the so-called January effect that causes the price of these stocks to rise between November and January. ア.unless イ.from ウ.to エ.since
5.Mr.Dupont had no ( ) how long it would take to drive downtown. ア.knowledge イ.thougkt ウ.idea エ.willingness
6.This fiscal year, the engineering team has worked well together on all phases of project ( ). ア.development イ.developed ウ.develops エ.developer
7.Pasqengers should allow for ( ) travel time to the airport in rush hour traffic. ア.addition イ.additive ウ.additionally エ.additional
8.Contracts must be read ( ) before they are signed. ア.thoroughness イ.more thorough ウ.thorough エ.thoroughly
9.All full-time staff are eligible to participate in the revised health plan, which becomes effective the first ( ) the month. ア.of イ.to ウ.from エ.for
10.( ) has the marketing environment been more complex and subject to change. ア.Totally イ.Negatively ウ.Decidedly エ.Rarely
11.The auditor's results for the five-year period under study were ( ) the accountant's. ア.same イ.same as ウ.the same エ.the same as
12.Please ( ) photocopies of all relevant documents to this office ten days prior to your performance review date. ア.emerge イ.substantiate ウ.adapt エ.submit
<動詞> 次の各分の謝りを訂正せよ。 1 She looked happily. 2 they call him is jhon. 3 We listen the music. 4 Jim bought a book to her. 5 He gave the record for Mary. 6 I an illness. 7 They can see at the moon. 9 He will make her happily. 10 They call her as Jenny.
>>258 多分こう 1 She looked happy. 2 they call him jhon. 3 We listen music. 4 Jim bought her a book. 5 He gave Mary a record . 6 I am ill. 7 They can be seen at the moon. 9 He will make her happy. 10 They call her Jenny.
>>308 There should never be war again.ってのは There is a pen.と同じ。
第なんとか文型とか分類するのは日本の英語教育の中でも 最大級のマヌケな教え方だと思うが一応調べてみた。 -------------------------------------------- (There) is(are, was, were)+<S>+(M). (たとえばThere is a tree on the hill.のような文) 文型を取ればすぐわかるでしょうが、「存在を表わす動詞はbe動詞」で、 「〜がある、いる(〜があった、いた)」を表わす第T文型=完全自動詞(S+V)の文です。
Students at a hospital in ltal were coming to class in old clothes. Some had wild hair and nose rings. The principal was not at all happy. He sent a book home to all the parents. He said that the school would punish teachers who did not dress suitably. The parents were happy. ''Our children must be free to say what they want,''they argued. The principal was pleased.
>>313 Students at a HIGH SCHOOL in ltal(←Italy?) were coming to class in old clothes. Some had wild hair and nose rings. The principal was not at all happy. He sent a book home to all THEIR parents. He said that the school would punish STUDENTS who did not dress suitably. The parents WEREN'T happy. ''Our children must be free to WARE what they want,''they argued. The principal WASN'T pleased. (to all the parentsのままでもいいような気もするが)
Spend time with your parents as much as you can. They are often all you have when times get difficult in your life. Extended family including grandparents can be a big support as well.
There are 5 name cards and 5 persons, each card has a name for each person. Now every person randomly takes one name card. How many combinations can occur when only one person happens to take his own name card?
僕は小学5年生です。 Whether or not someon is listening only that person can really know. を考えて見ます。 とりあえず訳してみます。 Whether or not someon→意味が分かりません。以後○とします。 that person can really know→人は本当に知ることができる。 よって訳は ○は人は本当にに知ることができるものだけを聞いています。 となりました。 合っていますか?
>>378 revealは暴くじゃないよ。 秘密を漏らすのがreveal。 He insists that i revealed the secret. 彼は私が秘密を漏らしたと主張している。敵に通じる裏切り者だと言ってるわけだ。 私は漏らしてないと言いたい含みがある He insists on my revealing the secret 彼は私が秘密を漏らしたことについて主張している。言い立てている。 私は秘密を漏らして利敵行為をしたわけだ。
私は鳥のさえずりで目が覚めた。 I( ) 右側に立っている男の子が弟です。 ( )is her brother. 校庭は落ち葉でおおわれていました。 The schoolyard( ). 私たちはオーストラリアから輸入された牛肉を食べることがあります。 We sometimes ( ). イギリスの探検家として知られるクック船長は、1770年にオーストラリアに着いた。 Captain Cook,( ),reached Australia in 1770.
Antoine de Saint-Exupery was talking about the airplane , the telephone , and the movies when he said that the best things people have made are all things that bring people together 宿題なんだがよろしくたのむ
>>430 The apartment room I moved into is not large, but it's not small, either. And it's close to the station, and is convinient for shopping. The apartment room I moved into is not large, but it's not small, either. And it's close to the station, and is convinient for shopping.The apartment room I moved into is not large, but it's not small, either. And it's close to the station, and is convinient for shopping.The apartment room I moved into is not large, but it's not small, either. And it's close to the station, and is convinient for shopping.The apartment room I moved into is not large, but it's not small, either. And it's close to the station, and is convinient for shopping.The apartment room I moved into is not large, but it's not small, either. And it's close to the station, and is convinient for shopping.
@入試も間近に迫っていますから、風邪を引かないように気をつけてください。 Be careful not to catch a cold because an entrance examination approaches. (entrance examinationの冠詞、「間近に迫る」の言い方が分かりません)
Aあなたからまたお便りをいただき、どんなに嬉しかったことでしょう。 You don't know how (happy I was to have heard from you again.) (時制はこれでいいでしょうか?)
B昨日この手紙を書いたんだけれど、君に投函してもらうのを忘れたんだ。 I forgot to have you post this letter though I had written it last night.
C子供が3歳か4歳になるまでは、どれだけはっきり見えるかを決めるのは難しいです。 It is defficult to decide (どれだけはっきり見えるか) until children become 3 or 4 years old.
Dこの重大な社会問題を解決するために、みんながどうすべきだと思いますか? What do you think everyone should do in order to (この重大な社会問題)?
Eインターネットは私達のコミュニケーションのやり方に大きな変化を起こしてきています。 インターネットは時間と距離の壁を克服してくれます。 世界各地から好きなときに、いつでも情報を入手できるのです。 The Internet has made our communication way cause a big change. The Internet overcomes the barrier between time and distance. We can get information whenever you are in manu parts of the world. (全体的に自信がありません;)
It seems that,given Ecuador's severe financial problems, the coutry's politicians may decide to put money from tourists and economic growth before the happiness of the Galapagos' animals.
But the problems with development,explains Linda Cayot,who is in charge of protecting the islands'wildlife,is that it will drive away the tourists. “It's fine to talk about the economic development,”she says. “But the visitors only come here for one thing-the wildlife. The beaches and the scuba-diving here are all okay, but it's much cheaper to head for the Caribbean if that's what you're after.”
For humankind,preserving the natural environment of the Galapagos Islands should be a priority. It was on these remote islands over 160 years ago that the evolution of life was discovered. In 1835,during a visit to the Galapagos,the British naturalist Charles Darwin made a study of the unique plants and animals of these islands. What he saw and studied helped him to understand the theory of evolution. His book On the Origin of Species,published in 1859,draws greatly on the plants and the animals of these islands to illustare the process of evolution by natural selection.
It is fitting indeed that one of nature's last refuges on earth happens to be the place where humankind finally got the idea of evolution. Let's hope it survives.
Students are also finding ways to incorporate the Net into their social lives, with one third saying that the majority of their computer use occurred outside their homes or dormitory rooms. 生徒はインターネットを社会生活に合わせる方法を見つけ出してもいて
>>435 学生どもも、その1/3が自分のコンピューター使用を主に自宅や寮以外で行っていると述べ、 インターネットをおのれの社会生活に組み込む方法を見つけつつある。 >>432 1はis approaching solve this important social issueぐらいかな The Internet has greatly changed our way of communicationなんてどう?
>>403 I've got some work to do tonight. 「しなければならない」なら I've got to do some work tonight. だけどね (have got to=have to)
ま、それは置いといて、 have gotはイギリス英語では、haveと同じ意味。 アメリカ英語でも、haveとほほ同じ意味または、 have + getの過去分詞(入手している)として使われていて、 どのケースでもI've got some work to do tonight.は 日本語にしたら「今夜やるべき/やらなくちゃならない仕事があるんだ」
>>429 the bus(the train) is more expensive than the train(the bus) which gets there 20minutes faster. Apollo landed on the moon in 1969 when our teacher was born. I found it the difference between ``must'' and ``have to'' important when speaking English. 意味は次の文と一緒 I found that the difference between ``must'' and ``have to'' is important when speaking English.
>>427 My apartment is not small though not large. It's closed to the station and convenient for shopping. より普通の会話っぽく言うなら My apartment is not large but not too small. It's closed to the station and convenient for shopping.
>>432 1 Be careful not to catch a cold because the entrance examination is approaching. the にするかan にするかは文脈と何を言いたいか次第 2 オッケー。to hear from you againでもいいけどね 3 I forgot to tell/ask you to post this letter though I had written it last night. I forgot to hand you this letter to get it posted though I had written it last night. I forgot to get you to post this letter though I had written it last night. 4 どれだけはっきり見えるかを決めるのは ←意味不明・・ 5 What do you think everyone should do in order to solve this serious(significant, big, etc.) social issue(problem). to give a solution to this serious(significant, big, etc.) social issue(problem). 6は眠くて面倒なので、また誰かに頼んで。。
@ The German word gastarbeiter ( ) the ( ) of southern European countries, Turkey and North African countries who ( ) up ( ) northern European nations for work. ドイツ語のガスト・アルバイターという語は、南ヨーロッパ、トルコ、 北アフリカの出身で、北方ヨーロッパに仕事を求めてやってきた人々を指す。 a.moved b.indicates c.aliens d.citizens e.into A They needed to ( ) themselves to the ( ), ( ), religion and political system of the ( ) country. 彼らは受入国の言語、文化、宗教、政治制度に適応しなければならなかった。 a.change b.adapt c.host d.culture e.language B The Human Genome Project has ( ) ( ) the genes of the body, ( ) has ( ) ( ) their location on the chromosomes. ヒトゲノムプロジェクトは、人間の遺伝子を全てつきとめただけでなく、 染色体上の遺伝子の配列も解明した。 a.mapped b.identified c.but d.not only e.also C The Project ( ) a new ( ) of ( ) called ( ). そのプロジェクトはバイオインフォーマティックスという 新たな研究分野を生み出した。 a.Biotechnology b.Bioinformatics c.field d.generated e.research
Trees serve a primary function in absorbing water and preventing soil erosion. The water they absorb evaporates and turns into rain. But in places without trees, rainwater flows over the ground and sweeps soil with it. This is called erosion. Moreover, when trees are cut down, the evaporation from them stops. Then rain fall diminishes and leads to dehydration ―― areas drying up and becoming desert-like. Trees are also a source of chemical compounds used in medical research and drugs. It is estimated that 25 percent of drugs come from trees and plants in rainforests. A successfully to treat cancer.Sadly, however, this tree is threatened with extinction because of logging. Indeed, forests are disappearing all around the world, mainly in developing countries. This is because the people in these lands create croplands by cutting down trees. But this leads to a vicious circle. Soon after the croplands are created, they become unproductive. Then more trees are cut down.
>>474 間違えとまでは言わないけどhad givenにしたら、かなり不自然だよ。 その文で、had givenにしたら時制を合わせるとかいうより、 ただ過去完了を入れてるだけの感じになる。 それとthis mapのように限定されたものを関係代名詞にする場合は this map, which you had gave me のようにカンマを打って、 非制限用法にして使う必要がある。 関係代名詞の制限用法、非制限用法については分からなければ また質問するかネットで検索してみて。
The closer we are to our native place and the more people that are there who grew up like us, the more likely we are to sound like those people when we talk.
(1) He was such an obstinate man that he refused to (abide by) the rules of the club. (2) The newspaper says that the weather is going to (clear up) tomorrow. (3) Our solicitor is going to (draw up) the contract. (4) He is such a nasty person that he will never lend you any money, and that's (for sure). (5) The old man (held onto)his job stubbornly and would not retire. (6) He told us about books (in terms of) their publication. (7) Grandma will (look after) the baby while we go to the lecture. (8) Please help yourself to a drink and (make yourself at home). (9) being (on your own) may be a frightening experience. (10)We (ran out of) gas right in the middle of the street and blocked traffic.
(a)alone (b)be fine (c)certainly (d)exhausted (e)feel comfortable (f)kept possession of (g)obey (h)prepare and write out (i)take care of (j)with regard to
肯定疑問文: Do you have to do you? 否定疑問文: Don't you have to do you? 平叙文+付加疑問文: Do you have to do it, don't you? 否定文+付加疑問文: Don't you have to do it, do you? 応答疑問文:"You have to do it.","Do I?"
私はハワイに行くまで外国人と話したことはなかった I ()()() with a foreigner until I went to Hawaii. 今週末で彼女の入院は一ヶ月になる At the end of this week, she ()()() in the hospital for a month. 彼が今度運転免許の試験を受ければ3回受けたことになる He ()()() his driving test three times if he tries again. 誰でも中学校以来英語を勉強してきているのです Everyone ()()() English since he was in junior high school. このブラウスはすでにアイロンがかけられている This blouse () already ()(). 彼のお父さんがなくなって5年がたつ It ()() five years () hid father passed away. =Five years ()()() his father passed away.
次の文中の( )内から、最適な1語を選びなさい (1) I still remember the day( @ that A when B where C why) I entered the primary school twelve years ago. (2) He can not but ( @ walk A to walk B walking C to have walked) to the station. (3) Say ( @ which A who B that C what) you want. (4) I wish I ( @ be A am B was C were) a little prettier. (5) He drove carefully (@ so as A so that B as if C because ) he should not cause an accident. (6) I enjoyed (@ read A to read B reading C to be read) it in the magazine. (7) You may ( @ well A good B do well C as well) be proud of your son. (8) (@ Generally speaking A Strictry speaking B General spoken C Speak general ) we Japanese like rice.
(1) @ (2) @ (3) B (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) @ (8) B で合ってますか?間違ってたら教えてくださいお願いします。
The people of Sydney were glad that they had made Sydney a universally designed city. シドニーが万人向けデザインの町になったのを市民は喜んでいる。 そして↓の文 @Kochi-ken has some unique rods 高知県には特徴のある道がある。 ASome roads and their sidewalk are on the same level,so ,for example eggs in the basket of a bike won't be broken. 車道と歩道が同じ高さの道がありカゴに入れた卵を自転車に積んでも割れないですむ。 BEveryone-the physically challenged,children,eldery people,and people carrying things-can walk safely. 誰でも体力あるのも子供も年寄りも荷物を持った人も安全に歩ける。 CThe concept of universal design can be introduced into every aspect of our lives-not only into produts but also into our living environments. 万人向けデザインの考え方は産業向けだけでなく私たちの生活環境のあらゆる側面に適用できる。 DMany countries in the world are already trying to improve their societies using the concept of universal design. 世界の多くの国が万人向けデザインの考え方で社会を改善する試みを始めている。 EHopefully the day will soon come when everyone in the world can live comfortably. 世界のすべての人々の快適な暮らしが出来る日がすぐ来そうだ。
>>513 The race horses were just about to start. We know each other since high school. Never heard such poppycock in my life, you thickhead! Since it rained the night before, the road was muddy.
In this way, countless forests-----all together equal to the size of Belgium----- are destroyed every year in Third World Countries. Two decades ago , forests covered one-fourth of the earth's land area. Today, it is only one-fifth. If the present trend continues, it will be one-sixth by the year 2000. Perhaps the worst deforestation is occuring in the Amazon rain forests. These forests are millions of years old, yet they are being cut down in alarming numbers. First, bulldozers carveout roads. Then the forests are set afire. Such slash-and-burn deforestation threatens many rare species of animals and plants with extinction. In fact, it is estimated that 100 species a day are dying out. Such deforestation also contributes to global warming-----one of the reasons for the drop in world cereal production. Yet the rainforests guarantee our oxygen supply and regulate the earth's climate. Thus, it is absolutely necessary that we halt their destruction. If we don't, further global warming could occur. In addition, thousands of species of plants and animals would die out.
またヨコレス。 ちょっと考えてみたが、 KEN:Which one should I give that book to, Taro or Jim? TOM:Give Taro it. って問題無いじゃん。Taroっていうのがちゃんと分かっている場合は Taroitでも問題なく聞き取れる。のでOKだよ、 ネイティブはTaroitって名前の人もいると勘違いする場合があるからね。
>>594 より分かりやすい文を書くためのアドバイスなら、 そういう傾向があるっていうことで、それで良いと思うよ。 長い目的語なら後ろに置き、短い目的語なら先に置くようにした方が分かりやすい文になるから。 または目的語が長い場合は、Give 〜〜〜 to him.のようにtoを付けて分かりやすくする。 でもI’ve already GIVEN Chris it. は間違いだ、なんて言える理由に全然ならない。
Angry and hurt, she sold her story to a London tabloid and sued him for a $200,000 check that bounced, money she said he owed her after she gave up high-priced modeling jobs to be with him. ダイアナ妃についてですが、和訳が分からないので、どなたかよろしくお願いします。
たとえば、Give+人+代名詞という語順は習慣的にあまり使わない。 これはgiveに限らないけど。 で、itとthatだと、thatは指示代名詞で、直接「あれ」というように具体的に対象を示しているから、 まだitよりは言いやすい。 Give him that.はまぁ言える。(Give him itも、まだなんとか言えるけど) といってもGive that to him,のが、もっと分かりやすいけどね。
ところが、Give John/Mary that.になると少し言いづらくなる。 固有名詞には目的格さえも無いからね。 そこで普通は、Give that to John/Maryのように言い換える。 (日本語なら「てにをは」があるから、どんな語順でも、 John[に]それ[を]上げる、みたいに普通に分かりやすく言えるんだけど)
>>642 以下はいずれも違和感なく言えるわけで、 その理論では説明がつかなくなると思うけど。 Give her(it) all you have. Give all you have to her(it). (Give that all you have. Give all you have to that.)
>>642 の説明にだいたい賛成だけどけっこう難しい説明なので勝手に補足スマソ Give Taro that というのは形としては間違いではないけれども、この形で言う時は、thisではなく that を太郎にあげるのだ、というように、thatに意味上の重点がある場合に限られると思う。 thatでも、ほとんどit と同じように既出のものを指して使うこともあって、その場合はやはり give that Taroのほうが良さそうだ。
>>630>>633 うーん、過去分詞の形容詞的用法を関係代名詞+beの省略で説明するのはなんだかなーー >>628 分詞(-ing/-ed)には形容詞的用法といって名詞に説明を付け加える用法がある。現在分詞(-ing)の場合は能動態的な意味に、過去分詞(-ed)の場合は受動態的な意味になるが、その場合、時制は曖昧なまま(←ここ重要)。 Look at the dog running over there!(あそこで走っている犬をごらん) Look at the dog eaten by the wolf over there!(あそこでオオカミに食べられている犬をごらん) >>630>>633 関係代名詞の省略って説明で違和感があるのは、分詞の形容詞的用法は時制を規定しないから。例を挙げると、 She is the girl singing in the pab. では =the girl who sings in the pab/the girl who is singing in the pab/the girl who will sing in the pab等々の意味になりうるということ。
まあ一応これも書いておくか。 It's drawn so well. It was drawn by John Lennon while he was in Japan. I'm looking for the drawing drawn by John Lennon while he was in Japan.
>>672 うーん、俺的には正直ちょっと微妙かなーその説明。 俺が言ったのは、文の意味の違いを感じ取るとかどうとかそういうレベルの話じゃなくて、過去分詞そのものの文法的な働きとしては同じでしょ、という話。 上にも書いたけど、分詞の形容詞的用法(名詞を修飾しているもの全て)は、書き換えたらいろんな形になるはずのものを、全て形態上は曖昧な形のまま示すというところに特徴がある。 == どうも受動態の過去分詞に状態的な意味になるケースと動態的な意味になるケースとある、という話と混同されてしまっているみたいだけど、これも形態上は(文法的分類は)同じもの。 She is already deflowered. (彼女はもう処女じゃない) She was deflowered by his uncle. (彼女は叔父に処女を奪われた) 過去分詞の中に形容詞としての独立性を高めていった(状態的な意味合いで)ものというのがある(たとえば rotten のようなもの)。しかし、分詞の形容詞的用法というのは、そういうものばかりを指すわけではない。 大半の過去分詞形容詞的用法は、関係代名詞を使って、受動態で書き換えられ得るもの。 ただし、上に書いた通り、分詞の形容詞的用法を関係詞を使って書き換えた場合の時制等は必ずしも明らかではない。 それと >>633で関係代名詞は目的格で省略できる、と書いているけど、これは目的格じゃないよね。これはケアレスミスだと思うけども。
>>652 >分詞の形容詞的用法は時制を規定しないから。例を挙げると、 >She is the girl singing in the pab. >では =the girl who sings in the pab/the girl who is singing in the pab/the girl who will sing in the pab
pab → pub? She is the girl singing in the pub. を、the girl who will sing in the pubという意味に取るのは無視だね。 もし、そういう意味になる文脈があれば、そう取ることも可能だけど、その場合は時制を特定できるわけだし。
結局これの意味になる。the girl who is singing in the pub the girl who sings in the pubが、パブで習慣的にor仕事として歌っている、 という意味で言ってるとすれば、こう言い換えるのは可能だけど それは結局、the girl singing in the pabと同じ意味で時制も同じ。
>>676 そうだ pub だごめん。 「the girl who sings in the pubが、パブで習慣的にor仕事として歌っている、 という意味で言ってるとすれば、こう言い換えるのは可能だけど それは結局、the girl singing in the pabと同じ意味で時制も同じ。」 だから the girl singing in the pab は the girl who is singing... にも the girl who sings ... にもなりうると言ってる。この二つは日本語に訳したらほとんど同じか知らんが、違う。時制は現在で同じだが、相は違う。 上に挙げた文法書では過去形に書き換えた例も載ってたと思う。
>>652氏の言ってる分詞の形容詞的用法って 具体的にはどういうもののことなんだろ。 the dog eaten by the wolfみたいに名詞の後に すぐに過去分詞が来てるものを形容詞的用法って言ってるのかな。 でもthe dog eaten by the wolf while agoとか言ったら 関係代名詞を省略したような感じだし、 関係代名詞を追加して、まったく同じ意味の文に 出来るものもあるじゃん? そういうものもやっぱり形容詞的用法って言ってるのかな?
>>689 形容詞だけで使う場合は、theを付けないことがある。 というのは、theは名詞に付けるべきものであって形容詞には付けないものだから。 なので、Dogs are the closest animal of all to us. のようにするとtheが必要になる。
ただし形容詞だけで使う場合でも、名詞が省略されてる場合はtheを付ける。 そして意味が異なる場合もあるので、ちょっと注意が必要。 意味が異なる場合の例: This flower is most beautiful in this season. この花はこの時期、もっとも美しい。 This flower is the most beautiful (flower) of all. この花はすべての中でもっとも美しい(花)です
This lake is deepest here. この湖は、このあたりが一番深い This lake is the deepest (lake) in this area. この湖は、この地域でもっとも深い湖です
Could I 〜?は〜してもいいですか?になるわ。 Can I 〜?より丁寧な感じになる。 けど、May I 〜?を使う方が意味が明確だし、May Iもとても丁寧な言い方なので 普通はMay Iと言う。 Can, May, Could I have coffee?のように、 何かを注文するような場合なら、Can, May, Could I どれもまったく問題なく使える。 Might I 〜?は全然別物で「〜してもいいですか?」にもならないし 注文するような場合でも使えない。
It will affect the global economy in two ways: 1) the amount of money needed for the care of the elderly, 2) the amount of money spent by the elderly. Where there was once a youth market in the 1960s that supplied the needs of the baby boomers, today there is a growing mature market, known as silver industries in Japan.
Can I have coffee? 自分がコヒーを飲むことに関して、状況的に可能かどうか聞いてる。 May I have coffee? 自分がコヒーを飲むことに関して、自分がそう判断することで何かしら障害にならないか聞いてる。 Could I have coffee? 自分がコヒーを飲むとしたらその場合、状況的に可能かどうか聞いてる。 Might I have coffee? 自分がコヒーを飲むとしたらその場合、自分がそう判断することで何かしら障害にならないか聞いてる。
A way to automatically generate fuzzy controllers (FCs) that are optimized according to a merit figure is presented in this article. To achieve this task, a procedure based on hierarchical genetic algorithms (HGA) was developed. This procedure and the manner in which fuzzy controllers are codified into chromosomes is described. Resorting to this tool, several fuzzy controllers were constructed. The best three solutions obtained during simulation were selected for testing using an experimental prototype, which consists of an induction motor of variable load. These preliminary results are also included in the report. Based on these results, it is concluded that hierarchical genetic algorithms, though not the only, is a suitable artificial intelligence technique to face the problem of setting a fuzzy controller in a control loop without previous experience in controlling the plant. This is of help in many situations at industrial environments.
Author Keywords: Fuzzy control; Genetic algorithms; Auto tuning fuzzy controller; Process control
Angry and hurt, she sold her story to a London tabloid 怒りと傷つけられたことで彼女はタブロイド紙に記事を売った。 and sued him for a $200,000 check that bounced, 20万ドルの小切手が不渡りしたと彼相手に訴訟を起こした。 money she said he owed her 彼に貸しがあると彼女は言う。 after she gave up high-priced modeling jobs to be with him. 彼と一緒にいるために高額なギャラのモデルの仕事を辞めたので。
1. Mr. White has been at this company since it ( ) in 1980. (A)open (B)opens (C)opened (D)will open 2. The real estate agent ( ) its commission rate next month. (A)raise (B)raises (C)raised (D)will raise 3. My sister said she ( ) her umbrella on the train. (A)had left (B)has left (C)leaves (D)will leave 4. Do you know ( ) it’s like to be in an operating room?] (A)how (B)what (C)where (D)why 5. My parents are planning to move to a warmer climate and live off their pensions as soon as they ( ) next year. (A)retire (B)retires (C)retired (D)will retire
(1)Carbon dioxide lets sunlight enter the Earth's atmosphere and heat the Earth. 二酸化炭素は地球の大気圏に太陽光を入らせ、地球を温める
(2)The mayor made dwellings fit the local climate, causing little or no additional cost to the buyer. 市長は、買い手にほとんどあるいはまったく追加の費用をはらわせることなく住居をその地域の気候に適応したものにした。
>>844 For からコンマまでは倒置で文の先頭に出ているだけ。主語はall of them (membersだよね、すぺる?) このfamily っていうのは家族じゃないのかな?どんな文脈だろう。とりあえずファミリーとメンバーはそのままカタカナで訳してみる。 ファミリーのメンバーに関わる問題に関しては、全員で議論して決断を下す。
うわ、勝手に読み違えてた。 as soon asじゃなくて、whenだった。。。 ま、それでもturnの原形のが良いけど。
たとえば、こう書き換えてみたら分かりやすい。 my face turned red when he spoke to me. これなら自然な話 my face was turning red when he spoke to me. これだと彼が話しかけたことが原因で、顔が赤くなったんじゃなくて 彼が話しかけたとき、顔が赤くなっている途中だった、という意味に取れるから
He asked his children (以下間接疑問)which country they want to live and study in and (Heが省略)told them to come up with a plan(ここに関係代名詞省略) they can all agree on .
>>866 He asked his children 子供たちに質問した which country they(his children) want to live and study in どの国に住みたいか、どの国で勉強したいかを and told them to come up with a plan they can all agree on そして、みんなが納得できる計画を持ってこいと告げた/命じた
come up withはまぁイディオムみたいなもんで、直訳だと 「〜を持って現れる」なんだけど、 アイデアが浮かんだとか、結論を出た(で、それを持ってきた)とか、 そんな場合に使われる表現
The frog muscle and nevers represented an extremely sensitive electroscope, one that permitted detection of a current much weaker than any that had been studied by apparatus available at that time.
The frog muscle and neves represented an extremely sensitive electroscope, ここまでがひとつながりで one は an extremely ... electroscope を言い換えている代名詞 that以下はoneに付いている関係節で、 that permitted detection of a current much weaker than any (current) that had been studied by apparatus available at that time.
much weaker 以下はcurrentを修飾している permitは「可能にする」detection「計測」current は「電流」
He hung a frog leg from an iron railing by a brass hook and noted that the lower part of the leg contracted when it come in contract with another part of the railing.
>>880 出典見つけますた In 1786 in Italy, Luigi Galvani noticed that a dissected frog’s leg twitched as it lay on a table near an electrostatic generator. To investigate this further, he hung a frog leg from an iron railing by a brass hook and waited for a thunderstorm. When the thunderstorm occurred, he noted that the lower part of the leg contracted. He later noted that in the absence of a thunderstorm the lower part of the leg also contracted when it came in contact with another part of the railing. Being an anatomist/physiologist, he decided that the electricity was due to the muscle ー he described what was happening as ’animal electricity’.