Although we are not usually aware of it, most of us use our hands when we are talking. You can see this by turning down the sound on your television set. Notice how much the speakers use their hands as they talk. Our hands can show the shape and size of things(try describing a spiral staircase without using your hands!)and emphasize what we are saying. Many gestures are not made naturally; we have to learn them, and they vary from one country to another. For example, how do you call someone to you? In Spain and many other countries you beckon someone to come with your palm down, which can look like the English sign for sending someone away. In Italy you wave good-bye with the back of your hand, which can look like the English sign for beckoning someone! What do you mean when you nod or shake your head? Nodding seems to be one of the few gestures found in nearly every country; it seems to mean 'yes' almost everywhere, but in some parts of India, for example, shaking the head also means 'yes'. In Greece and Southern Italy and many other parts of the world, throwing the head back, which can look like a nod, means 'no.'
When you see your friends, how do you greet them? People in many coun-tries find the English cold and unfriendly because they often do no more than say 'hello.' Even adults shake hands usually only the first time they meet. French people, including schoolchildren, shake hands with their friends, or kiss them if they are close friends, each time they meet and when they leave one anohter. At home they do not go to bed without kissing everyone in the family good night, on both cheeks, and shaking hands with any visitors. The same thing happens in the morning. How do you think a French child might feel if he or she stays with our family? Other countries have different ways of greeting. The Inuit rub noses. In Polynesia you take hold of your friend's hands and use them to stroke your face. In Tibet it is very polite to stick your tongue out at someone; youare saying 'there is no evil thought in my tougue !' In some parts of East America it is considered very unlucky to point with your fingers, and so people turn their heads and pout their lips in the direction they mean. In Britain some people 'cross their fingers' for good luck, but in Austria and Germany they hold their thumbs. In Britain, if the people in an audience do not like a performer and if they are not very polite, they may clap their hands slowly to mean 'go away !' In other parts of Europe the slow hand clap is a great compliment! In Britain people may stand up as a sign of respect. in some other countries they sit down to show that they look up to the person.
クラウンIのReading1(セイ・ウチの話)なんですけど、 A long long long time ago と It was so-o-o cold thatの和訳をどなたかできますでしょうか?? パソの直訳じゃへんてこな文になってしまい、お手上げなんです・・・。 お手数かけますがどなたか宜シクお願いシマス!m(- -)m
働く女性につぃての和訳問題です。 It is also stressful to care of newbons while staying in touch with the business world. It sometimes requiresto become a magician to achieve the impossible, or simply to leave babies in the care of a nanny when concentration on businerss is required, just as Ms.Labiak in thir article did when she man-aged to close a deal with hes biggest customer. お願いいたしますm(__)m
すみませんが、分からないのでどなたかお願い致します。 I think the vanity of everyone here has a lot to do with why we are here and what we are doing―why we are staying here and trying to democratize this country when cleary it's an uphill batlle.
Thanksgiving.I woke up at about eleven,and I walked out into the hallway in my pajamas-and there were two of my sister Debby′s friends.We all laughed,but I was really embarrassed.
383 U.S. Enironmental Protection Agency (EPA) yesterday enacted a new ordinance with the comprehensive measures for ozone which is decreasing to the harmful level to health,and for airborne soot emitted from powerplants in eastern and middle western states. Decreasing でいいの? This long awaited ordinance is expected to save thousands of lives and millions of days of sick-leave caused by pollutant air.
CAIR will cap emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in 28 eastern states and districts. It will also grant emissions trading.
Although CAIR is expected to improve gradually the air quality, further regulatory measurements to reduce the gas emissions from vehicles and so on are said to be neccessary in order to meet the new standards. Nitrogen Oxides change into smog by reacting with sun ray under the warm atomosphere, which is a risk of respiratory system and causes damages to farm crops. Sulfur Dioxide on the other hand is the primary causes of acid rain which has caused the damages to environments in the east over the years.
OHIO, Cincinnati─Pete Rose was on of the greatest players ever to play the game of baseball. His hustle and work ethic were a credit to the sport. Fans adored him. Throughout a long career with the Cincinnati Reds and then as player-manager of the Philadelphia Phillies, Rose broke numerous records, including those for
most lifetime hits and most games played. Not only could he hit─and with power, too─but he was also a daring and dangerous baserunner and a Gold Glove winner out in the field. Rose played with such intensity and relish that you could tell how much he loved the game. He seemed almost addicted to it.
Unfortunately, Rose had a more serious and less healthy addiction. He was a compulsive gambler. He bet on anything and everything. He gambled on the horses, on football and basketball games, and played the slots in Atlantic City. He bet on anything except baseball itself, or so Rose claimed. (Betting on baseball games would have been completely unethical since it would carry the implication that Rose might "throw" games to collect on his bets.) On August 23, 1989, Pete Rose was brought before the Commissioner of Baseball, A. Bartlett Giamatti. Pete admitted that he had bet on football and basketball. The Commissioner said that Rose's gambling had "stained" the game. He had no choice but to ban Pete from ever having anything to do with professional baseball again.
But that wasn't the worst of it. Rose soon found himself in civil court charges of falsifying his income tax reports for several years. Rose had made a lot of money from signing autographs at baseball card shows. But he hadn't reported any of this income to the Internal Revenue Service. He had used this extra money to feed his gambling habit. The judge in the case sadly announced that there were two Pete Roses: ont the living baseball legend, the other the individual who had broken the law. "Today, we are not dealing with the legend," the judge said. On April 20, 1990 Rose pleaded guilty, saying he was ready to accept his punishment. pay his
debt to society, and get on with his life. He spent five months in jail, underwent treatment for his gambling addiction, and put 1000 hours of community service. Not long after, Rose was also made permanently ineligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame─where, as a legend of the game, not as an individual, doesn't he
deserve his place next to Babe Ruth, Hank Aaron and all the others?
Perhaps they wound up in the river by accident, and because they found that fish were plentiful and enemies scarce there, they chose to make it their home. Perhaps they found refuge in the river after the appearance of dolphins and whales that could swim faster than they could, meaning they could not catch as many fish as they used to. Whatever the casa, what an unhappy fate awaited these dolphins that chose the river to be their home.
英訳お願いします Japan's favourite racehorse did what she does best on Monday - clocking up her 106th straight defeat. Haru-urara, a runty chestnut mare, galloped in a gallant last-but-one at the Kochi racecourse, where a record crowd gathered to watch her exploits. Her popularity is put down to Japanese fondness for the hopeless but plucky underdog, correspondentssay. "It's better if she loses", one punter said of the four-legged celebrity who duly obliged, coming in 10th out of 11. Haru-urara, or Gentle Spring, slogged through the mud at the racecourse south-west of Tokyo, roared on by more than 10,000 spectators who had come from all over Japan to watch her. She was ridden by Japan's star jockey, Yutaka Take, but even his skill could not break her losing streak. Correspondents say Haru-urara, the eternal loser who does not give up, has struck a chord with those Japanese who have lost most during the past decade of economic stagnation and job losses.
There are many expressions in Japanese showing the wisdom of silence and the dangers of talking too much. Kuchi wa wazawai no moto is a clear warning of the disasters that can come from indiscriminate speech. The pheasant that cries out gets shot (kiji mo nakazuba utaremai). Silent communication between husband and wife is often referred to as ishin denshin. It is a far cry from the long dialogs between American husband and wives. A Japanese politician's grunts and few words are known as haragei("belly talk"). American politicians, on the other hand, are renowned for their smooth public speaking and chatty manner. A worthy person in Japan is supposed to be rather quiet. To talk too much (oshaberi) is always bad. Rather than state the obvious, it is better to leave certain things up to the imagination of others (iwanu ga hana). When a Japanese does speak, he is often expected to express not the truth―his true feelings, or honneーbut what is acceptable to the group, tatemae. Tatemae frustrates most Westerners and can lead to charges of insincerity, inscrutability and even duplicity. Interestingly, though, tatemae seems to be on the wane these days, especially among young people.
To let one's speech run like water (tate ita ni mizu wo nagasu) is considered a sign of shallowness, the mark of an untrustworthy person. Japanese woman are more frank and open in their speech than Japanese men. They are more prone to express their ideas in a forth-right manner. Takako Doi, leader of the Japan Socialist Party, is a refreshing change after her more introverted predecessors. Her popularity may indicate that a new trend is at work,even among politicians. Still, there lingers in the minds of many older Japanese a prejudice against speaking up and giving one's opinion. One is supposed to think and feel rather than talk. Since silence is never incriminating in Japan, a wise man knows that silence is golden (chinmoku wa kin). Westerners, too, have this proverd, but it is rarely observed. Westerners prefer to speak frankly, tell it like it is, speak their mind, talk straight from the shoulder, and discuss with on holds barred. To some Westerners, than, the Japanese way of silent communication seems "sneaky." Are the Japanese really a contemplative people, given to deep thought and philosophy? I don't think so. Quite the contrary. Because they are an emotional people―easily moved to anger―they are careful to keep their emotions in check. To avoid "disaster," they observe silence and resort to tatemae. But outside Japan, this behavior can lead to problems.
OHIO, Cincinnati─Pete Rose was on of the greatest players ever to play the game of baseball. His hustle and work ethic were a credit to the sport. Fans adored him. Throughout a long career with the Cincinnati Reds and then as player-manager of the Philadelphia Phillies, Rose broke numerous records, including those for most lifetime hits and most games played. Not only could he hit─and with power, too─but he was also a daring and dangerous baserunner and a Gold Glove winner out in the field. Rose played with such intensity and relish that you could tell how much he loved the game. He seemed almost addicted to it.
Unfortunately, Rose had a more serious and less healthy addiction. He was a compulsive gambler. He bet on anything and everything. He gambled on the horses, on football and basketball games, and played the slots in Atlantic City. He bet on anything except baseball itself, or so Rose claimed. (Betting on baseball games would have been completely unethical since it would carry the implication that Rose might "throw" games to collect on his bets.) On August 23, 1989, Pete Rose was brought before the Commissioner of Baseball, A. Bartlett Giamatti. Pete admitted that he had bet on football and basketball. The Commissioner said that Rose's gambling had "stained" the game. He had no choice but to ban Pete from ever having anything to do with professional baseball again.
But that wasn't the worst of it. Rose soon found himself in civil court charges of falsifying his income tax reports for several years. Rose had made a lot of money from signing autographs at baseball card shows. But he hadn't reported any of this income to the Internal Revenue Service. He had used this extra money to feed his gambling habit. The judge in the case sadly announced that there were two Pete Roses: ont the living baseball legend, the other the individual who had broken the law. "Today, we are not dealing with the legend," the judge said. On April 20, 1990 Rose pleaded guilty, saying he was ready to accept his punishment. pay his debt to society, and get on with his life. He spent five months in jail, underwent treatment for his gambling addiction, and put 1000 hours of community service. Not long after, Rose was also made permanently ineligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame─where, as a legend of the game, not as an individual, doesn't he deserve his place next to Babe Ruth, Hank Aaron and all the others?
The following situation will illstrate how `I'm sorry' and `Excuse me 'are used. X goes into a resturant, but there are no empty tables. At one table there are three chairs, but only one is occupied. They are the only two vacant chairs in the restaurant, so X goes over to the table and says to the person sitting there, "Excuse me. Do you mind if I sit here?" He does not say, I'm sorry, may I sit here?", for he has done nothing wrong. The peson ma reply, "Not at all", and offer X the seat. HOwever he may instead reply,"I'm sorry, but I'm waiting for some friends." he says"I'm sorry"because he has deprived X of the use of the seat though, in fact, he has no right to do so. Thus, he needs to explain to X why he will not let him sit there(”I'm waiting for friends.”) A seat opens up and X sits down. The waiter brings X a glass of water, but X knocks it over by accident and apologizes by saying "I'm sorry." The Japanese do not use expressions corresponding to "I'm sorry"even if they sympathy. However, they tend to say "Excuse me"or "I'm sorry"even if they haven't been in the wrong.
Britain's Anti-Slavery International has denounced Brazil as the greatest offender in the Americas for cases of involuntary servitude, worse than Peru, Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Documented cases of Brazilians living like slaves soared from 597 in 1989 to 25,150 last year, according to the Pastoral Land Commission, a nonprofit group sponsored by the Roman Catholic Church. Gabriel do Nascimento Vieira, a priest and head of the land commission in northern Minas Gerais state, puts the figure at 100,000. "Just here in northern Minas there are about 30,000 slaves, and 4,000 of those are children," says Vieira, who is based in Montes Claros, a city of 250,000 on the edge of the outback in northern Minas Gerais. "The system is designed to make necessary forced labor. And who's getting rich off it? Shoemakers, sugar producers, steel companies, and the American, Italian and German car makers that import our steel." On paper, slavery died more than a century ago. In 1888, under world pressure, Princess Isabel signed the so-called "Golden Law" that made Brazil the last Western nation to abolish slavery. Today, the law prohibits "reducing a person to a condition analogous to slavery." But although a few bosses have been jailed for abusing employees, and reports of forced servitude fill filing cabinets at the federal Labor Ministry, no one has ever been prosecuted for keeping slaves. Responding to a flood of denunciations, President Fernando Henrique Cardoso appointed a task force last June to free the "modern slaves of Brazil" and punish those who use slave labor. Cardoso, who is trying to portray Brazil abroad as a modern economic power, earmarked $290 million for the commission, composed of delegates from five Cabinet ministries and federal and highway police. "Unfortunately, slavery has not ended," Cardoso said. "This is completely illegal, inhuman, and hurts the country economically."
The implementation of CAIR is expected to cut sulfur dioxide by 73% and nitrogen oxide by 60% from 2003 level. At the same time, considerations of states downwind started to be seen.
Furthermore, the issuance of new regulation controlling mercury emissions is scheduled to be announced for next week. Together CAIR and the regulation for mercury emissions control is acclaimed by environmental protection groups.
Among the industries who are grumbling in general, some however, welcome these new regulations in the hopes that the implementations of such umbrella covering recklessly issued current rules would contribute to the improvement of air quality and the economic growth by enhancing investments for technological innovations.
However, some environmental groups have harsh views saying that CAIR is “too little, too late.”
Yet to be fair, it promises some effects without a big burden of costs. Especially, electricity rate for household utility will not be changed at least until 2020.
At three thirty that afternoon, Harry, Ron, and their classmates walked quickly down the front steps for their first flying lesson. It was a clear day, with a little wind. The other class was already there, and there were twenty brooms lying in lines on the ground. Their teacher, Madam Hooch, arrived. She had short, gray hair and yellow eyes like a bird. "Well, what are you all waiting for?" she shouted. "Everyone stand by a broom. Come on, hurry up!"
以下続きです。 Harry looked down at his broom. It was an old one. "Put out your right hand over your broom," called Madam Hooch from the front, "and say, 'Up!'" "Up!" everyone shouted. Harry's broom jumped into his hand at once, but it was one of the few that did. Hermione's simply rolled over on the ground and Neville's hadn't moved at all. Perhaps brooms, like horses, knew when you were afraid, thought Harry; Neville's broom could hear in his voice that he did not want to do this, he just wanted to keep his feet on the ground. Madam Hooch then showed them how to get on their brooms, and walked up and down, showing them how to hold the brooms. Harry and Ron laughed quietly when she told Malfoy that he always did it wrong. "Now, when I blow my whistle, you kick off from the ground, hard," said Madam Hooch. "Don't move your brooms, rise a few feet and then come straight back down by pushing your body forward a little. On my whistle ― three ― two ―" But Neville was so afraid of being left on the ground that he kicked off before the whistle had even touched Madam Hooch's lips. "Come back, boy!" she shouted, but Neville was rising straight up like a cork shot out of a bottle ― twelve feet ― twenty feet. Harry saw his scared white face look down as he left the ground, saw him open his mouth and ― fall off the broom.