つづき Critique of my BA Dissertation ●明からの紀效新書の入手、そのコピーの武藝諸譜の経緯はこっちでしたね。 The ChosOn military acquired this manual by slightly dubious means. A Chinese army was sent that had been trained in the tactics described in the manual. Yu SOngnyong@` one of the main ministers during this period@` asked Li for a copy of the manual. Li refused on the grounds of security. Yu then sent an official/soldier called Han Kyu to obtain a copy of the manual. It is not clear how Han did this@` but he obtained and copied the manual. The ChosOn version of the manual was called the Muye Chebo. I have not seen a complete copy of this manual. The sections I have seen show a low quality of reproduction (remember this was wartime)@` the descriptions were simplified@` and importantly also translated into Hangul. The illustrations are much poorer than in the Chinese manual. Assuming that I have seen all the manual@` then all the technical descriptions on tactics and training contained in the Ming manual have been dropped. What remains are just the practical combat techniques. ●清から武備志の入手はこっちか。清では武備志は禁書だったらしい。 However@` before it had collapsed@` the Ming had produced another military manual called the Wubeich'i (there are others@` but this is considered the best and most influential. Indeed@` the modern Chinese army has recently reprinted in modern format all(?) the Ming and Ch'ing military manuals. The reprint runs to at least thirty volumes).Inevitably@` the ChosOn military obtained a copy of this manual@` possibly via the same dubious method they obtained the Chi-hsiao hsin-shu. I don't have the date with me@` but I think they may not have obtained the manual until the Ch'ing were victorious@` which might suggest that either Ming reminents supplied the book@` or a bribe was paid to Ch'ing officials (I may have read that this manual was suppressed by the Ch'ing@` but I can not be certain).
こんなのも何かの役に立つ時もあるかな。 http://www.kidohae.com/history.htm The classification of different types of martial arts as various kinds of "Do" is a Japanese way of thinking. In Korea@` on the other hand@` the martial arts have been recognized traditionally as being either "Ki" ("skill")@` "Sool"("art@` method")@` or "Kiyae" ("mechanical art"). That is to say@` Koreans looked upon martial arts as either a means of fighting or as method of developing the mind and body. Examination of the ancient Korean historical records reveal that such terms as "moo-do"@` "koong-do"@` or "gum-do" were not so much as once used. It was only after the middle of the Japanese colonial rule in Korea that the term "do" first appeared in Korean records. In Korea@` "mu-yae" or "moo-sool" were traditionally used instead of "moo-do". In the same way@` "koong-sa" (bow shooting)@` or "koong-sool" (bow technique) were used by Koreans instead of "koong-do". In addition@` "yoo-sool" was used in Korea@` not "yoo-do".