Personalization of Web services requires a powerful pref erence model that smoothly and efficiently integrates with standard database query languages. We make the case for preferences as strict partial orders, supported in database query languages like Preference SQL and Preference XPATH. Performance of Web services will crucially de pend on various architectural design decisions. We point out that, given current bandwidth restrictions, a central server architecture is desirable. Concerning the implemen tation of preference queries we investigate the tightly cou pled architecture, presenting a novel approach for alge braic optimization based on preference algebra. We pro vide new transformation laws and give evidence for the power of this heuristic optimization technique. This forms the basis for a new preference query optimization meth odology, promising good performance even for complex Web services.
Personalization of Web services requires a powerful pref erence model that smoothly and efficiently integrates with standard database query languages. We make the case for preferences as strict partial orders, supported in database query languages like Preference SQL and Preference XPATH. Performance of Web services will crucially de pend on various architectural design decisions. We point out that, given current bandwidth restrictions, a central server architecture is desirable. Concerning the implemen tation of preference queries we investigate the tightly cou pled architecture, presenting a novel approach for alge braic optimization based on preference algebra. We pro vide new transformation laws and give evidence for the power of this heuristic optimization technique. This forms the basis for a new preference query optimization meth odology, promising good performance even for complex Web services.
Personalization of Web services requires a powerful pref erence model that smoothly and efficiently integrates with standard database query languages. We make the case for preferences as strict partial orders, supported in database query languages like Preference SQL and Preference XPATH. Performance of Web services will crucially de pend on various architectural design decisions. We point out that, given current bandwidth restrictions, a central server architecture is desirable. Concerning the implemen tation of preference queries we investigate the tightly cou pled architecture, presenting a novel approach for alge braic optimization based on preference algebra. We pro vide new transformation laws and give evidence for the power of this heuristic optimization technique. This forms the basis for a new preference query optimization meth odology, promising good performance even for complex Web services.
Personalization of Web services requires a powerful pref erence model that smoothly and efficiently integrates with standard database query languages. We make the case for preferences as strict partial orders, supported in database query languages like Preference SQL and Preference XPATH. Performance of Web services will crucially de pend on various architectural design decisions. We point out that, given current bandwidth restrictions, a central server architecture is desirable. Concerning the implemen tation of preference queries we investigate the tightly cou pled architecture, presenting a novel approach for alge braic optimization based on preference algebra. We pro vide new transformation laws and give evidence for the power of this heuristic optimization technique. This forms the basis for a new preference query optimization meth odology, promising good performance even for complex Web services.
Personalization of Web services requires a powerful pref erence model that smoothly and efficiently integrates with standard database query languages. We make the case for preferences as strict partial orders, supported in database query languages like Preference SQL and Preference XPATH. Performance of Web services will crucially de pend on various architectural design decisions. We point out that, given current bandwidth restrictions, a central server architecture is desirable. Concerning the implemen tation of preference queries we investigate the tightly cou pled architecture, presenting a novel approach for alge braic optimization based on preference algebra. We pro vide new transformation laws and give evidence for the power of this heuristic optimization technique. This forms the basis for a new preference query optimization meth odology, promising good performance even for complex Web services.
Personalization of Web services requires a powerful pref erence model that smoothly and efficiently integrates with standard database query languages. We make the case for preferences as strict partial orders, supported in database query languages like Preference SQL and Preference XPATH. Performance of Web services will crucially de pend on various architectural design decisions. We point out that, given current bandwidth restrictions, a central server architecture is desirable. Concerning the implemen tation of preference queries we investigate the tightly cou pled architecture, presenting a novel approach for alge braic optimization based on preference algebra. We pro vide new transformation laws and give evidence for the power of this heuristic optimization technique. This forms the basis for a new preference query optimization meth odology, promising good performance even for complex Web services.
Personalization of Web services requires a powerful pref erence model that smoothly and efficiently integrates with standard database query languages. We make the case for preferences as strict partial orders, supported in database query languages like Preference SQL and Preference XPATH. Performance of Web services will crucially de pend on various architectural design decisions. We point out that, given current bandwidth restrictions, a central server architecture is desirable. Concerning the implemen tation of preference queries we investigate the tightly cou pled architecture, presenting a novel approach for alge braic optimization based on preference algebra. We pro vide new transformation laws and give evidence for the power of this heuristic optimization technique. This forms the basis for a new preference query optimization meth odology, promising good performance even for complex Web services.
Energy reserves, price, and security of supply issues are discussed in the context of the prospects for coal and policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Coal is projected to remain a major source of energy, with most of the demand growth in developing countries. Currently available power-generating technologies, deploying coal with natural gas or biomass, are examined. Examples of successful, partial substitution of coal by other fuels in power stations are highlighted, including the GHG emissions reductions achieved as well as the costs where available. Among various options, hybrid gasification and parallel cofiring of coal with biomass and natural gas appear to have the greatest potential to reduce GHG emissions. Much may also be achieved by cofiring, reburning, and repowering with gas turbines. The best method differs between different power systems. Co-utilization of biomass with coal is a least-cost option to reduce GHG emissions where the fuel prices are comparable, usually due to subsidies or taxes. The role of biomass is likely to increase due to greater use of subsidies, carbon taxes, and emissions trading within the context of the Kyoto Protocol. This should provide opportunities for clean coal technology transfer and diffusion, including biomass co-utilization.
Energy reserves, price, and security of supply issues are discussed in the context of the prospects for coal and policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Coal is projected to remain a major source of energy, with most of the demand growth in developing countries. Currently available power-generating technologies, deploying coal with natural gas or biomass, are examined. Examples of successful, partial substitution of coal by other fuels in power stations are highlighted, including the GHG emissions reductions achieved as well as the costs where available. Among various options, hybrid gasification and parallel cofiring of coal with biomass and natural gas appear to have the greatest potential to reduce GHG emissions. Much may also be achieved by cofiring, reburning, and repowering with gas turbines. The best method differs between different power systems. Co-utilization of biomass with coal is a least-cost option to reduce GHG emissions where the fuel prices are comparable, usually due to subsidies or taxes. The role of biomass is likely to increase due to greater use of subsidies, carbon taxes, and emissions trading within the context of the Kyoto Protocol. This should provide opportunities for clean coal technology transfer and diffusion, including biomass co-utilization.
Energy reserves, price, and security of supply issues are discussed in the context of the prospects for coal and policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Coal is projected to remain a major source of energy, with most of the demand growth in developing countries. Currently available power-generating technologies, deploying coal with natural gas or biomass, are examined. Examples of successful, partial substitution of coal by other fuels in power stations are highlighted, including the GHG emissions reductions achieved as well as the costs where available. Among various options, hybrid gasification and parallel cofiring of coal with biomass and natural gas appear to have the greatest potential to reduce GHG emissions. Much may also be achieved by cofiring, reburning, and repowering with gas turbines. The best method differs between different power systems. Co-utilization of biomass with coal is a least-cost option to reduce GHG emissions where the fuel prices are comparable, usually due to subsidies or taxes. The role of biomass is likely to increase due to greater use of subsidies, carbon taxes, and emissions trading within the context of the Kyoto Protocol. This should provide opportunities for clean coal technology transfer and diffusion, including biomass co-utilization.
Energy reserves, price, and security of supply issues are discussed in the context of the prospects for coal and policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Coal is projected to remain a major source of energy, with most of the demand growth in developing countries. Currently available power-generating technologies, deploying coal with natural gas or biomass, are examined. Examples of successful, partial substitution of coal by other fuels in power stations are highlighted, including the GHG emissions reductions achieved as well as the costs where available. Among various options, hybrid gasification and parallel cofiring of coal with biomass and natural gas appear to have the greatest potential to reduce GHG emissions. Much may also be achieved by cofiring, reburning, and repowering with gas turbines. The best method differs between different power systems. Co-utilization of biomass with coal is a least-cost option to reduce GHG emissions where the fuel prices are comparable, usually due to subsidies or taxes. The role of biomass is likely to increase due to greater use of subsidies, carbon taxes, and emissions trading within the context of the Kyoto Protocol. This should provide opportunities for clean coal technology transfer and diffusion, including biomass co-utilization.
Biomass and waste, which are the focus of the activities at the section Thermal Power Engineering of the TU Delft, are the most important renewable energies today. They will maintain their role in the future. There are different possibilities to convert biomass and waste to power and heat. The combustion of biomass can be considered state-of-the-art technology and plants ranging in capacity from a few kW up to several MW are available on the market. The selection of the combustion technology is dependent on the scale and the kind of biomass. Power can be produced by means of a steam turbine, which is attractive in units above 1 MW. Gasification, in contrast, is a technology that could not yet ?nd a wide use. But, in combination with gas engines, gas turbines or fuel cell, gasi?cation has the advantage of a high electrical efficiency. Direct co-combustion of biomass in coal-fired steam power plants is the most economic choice and it is widely applied in the Netherlands. By an additional pyrolysis or gasification step, it is possible to separately remove and utilize the ashes of coal and biomass, and expected operational problems, such as corrosion, can possibly be avoided.
Biomass and waste, which are the focus of the activities at the section Thermal Power Engineering of the TU Delft, are the most important renewable energies today. They will maintain their role in the future. There are different possibilities to convert biomass and waste to power and heat. The combustion of biomass can be considered state-of-the-art technology and plants ranging in capacity from a few kW up to several MW are available on the market. The selection of the combustion technology is dependent on the scale and the kind of biomass. Power can be produced by means of a steam turbine, which is attractive in units above 1 MW. Gasification, in contrast, is a technology that could not yet ?nd a wide use. But, in combination with gas engines, gas turbines or fuel cell, gasi?cation has the advantage of a high electrical efficiency. Direct co-combustion of biomass in coal-fired steam power plants is the most economic choice and it is widely applied in the Netherlands. By an additional pyrolysis or gasification step, it is possible to separately remove and utilize the ashes of coal and biomass, and expected operational problems, such as corrosion, can possibly be avoided.
Total reserves of coal in China are 1022.9 billion tons, ranking second in the world. China’s total energy consumption in 2000 was 1075.3 Mtce, in which coal accounted for 63.8%. Coal is thus the dominant energy ource in China, which fact has led to a serious air pollution problem. It is estimated that the total biomass energy resources in China are some 437 Mtec, in which 240 Mtec. of biomass energy resources was coming from agriculture crop residues in 2000. Biomass is a kind of clean energy, and there is great potential for China to convert biomass resources into energy to mitigate the use of coal, which will help that country to partially solve its energy and environmental problems. This article describes in detail China’s energy structure; the status of coal in that structure, and the resources of agriculture, forestry, and other biomass. It then introduces a project for co-firing of biomass and coal, which is a specially designed internal circulating ?uidized bed (ICFB) boiler with steam capacity of 35t/h (6MWe), based on the operation performance of ICFB. The potential and dissemination prospects of this technology for industrial and power applications are also discussed.
Total reserves of coal in China are 1022.9 billion tons, ranking second in the world. China’s total energy consumption in 2000 was 1075.3 Mtce, in which coal accounted for 63.8%. Coal is thus the dominant energy ource in China, which fact has led to a serious air pollution problem. It is estimated that the total biomass energy resources in China are some 437 Mtec, in which 240 Mtec. of biomass energy resources was coming from agriculture crop residues in 2000. Biomass is a kind of clean energy, and there is great potential for China to convert biomass resources into energy to mitigate the use of coal, which will help that country to partially solve its energy and environmental problems. This article describes in detail China’s energy structure; the status of coal in that structure, and the resources of agriculture, forestry, and other biomass. It then introduces a project for co-firing of biomass and coal, which is a specially designed internal circulating ?uidized bed (ICFB) boiler with steam capacity of 35t/h (6MWe), based on the operation performance of ICFB. The potential and dissemination prospects of this technology for industrial and power applications are also discussed.
Implementation of a more sensible energy-environmental policy should include a “green alliance of biomass and coal to pursue eco- friendly technologies for co-utilizing biomass and other opportunity fuels with coal or natural gas [1]. This article discusses two parallel cases of copyrolysis of coal with biomass or wastes. In the first case, smokeless fuel briquettes are prepared with a low-rank coal and biomass byproducts such as olive stones and sawdust. Additives to improve the mechanical properties and the sulfur retention in ash are used. The briquettes showed good mechanical properties and slow, uniform, smokeless combustion. In the second case, petroleum residua and waste lubrication oils are used to produce chemicals and energy by co-pyrolysis with coal. It has been shown that co- pyrolysis in the presence of coal char selectively promotes transfer of hydrogen from the parent material to the gas and liquid products, concentrating carbon in the reminder char. Split-off hydrogen from carbon is enhanced when the primary co-pyrolysis products are submitted to thermocatalytic decomposition in a subsequent catalytic step. This process represents an attractive route for the production of carbon dioxide?free hydrogen from hydrocarbons, whatever their origin.
Implementation of a more sensible energy-environmental policy should include a “green alliance of biomass and coal to pursue eco- friendly technologies for co-utilizing biomass and other opportunity fuels with coal or natural gas [1]. This article discusses two parallel cases of copyrolysis of coal with biomass or wastes. In the first case, smokeless fuel briquettes are prepared with a low-rank coal and biomass byproducts such as olive stones and sawdust. Additives to improve the mechanical properties and the sulfur retention in ash are used. The briquettes showed good mechanical properties and slow, uniform, smokeless combustion. In the second case, petroleum residua and waste lubrication oils are used to produce chemicals and energy by co-pyrolysis with coal. It has been shown that co- pyrolysis in the presence of coal char selectively promotes transfer of hydrogen from the parent material to the gas and liquid products, concentrating carbon in the reminder char. Split-off hydrogen from carbon is enhanced when the primary co-pyrolysis products are submitted to thermocatalytic decomposition in a subsequent catalytic step. This process represents an attractive route for the production of carbon dioxide?free hydrogen from hydrocarbons, whatever their origin.
Implementation of a more sensible energy-environmental policy should include a “green alliance of biomass and coal to pursue eco- friendly technologies for co-utilizing biomass and other opportunity fuels with coal or natural gas [1]. This article discusses two parallel cases of copyrolysis of coal with biomass or wastes. In the first case, smokeless fuel briquettes are prepared with a low-rank coal and biomass byproducts such as olive stones and sawdust. Additives to improve the mechanical properties and the sulfur retention in ash are used. The briquettes showed good mechanical properties and slow, uniform, smokeless combustion. In the second case, petroleum residua and waste lubrication oils are used to produce chemicals and energy by co-pyrolysis with coal. It has been shown that co- pyrolysis in the presence of coal char selectively promotes transfer of hydrogen from the parent material to the gas and liquid products, concentrating carbon in the reminder char. Split-off hydrogen from carbon is enhanced when the primary co-pyrolysis products are submitted to thermocatalytic decomposition in a subsequent catalytic step. This process represents an attractive route for the production of carbon dioxide?free hydrogen from hydrocarbons, whatever their origin.
Implementation of a more sensible energy-environmental policy should include a “green alliance of biomass and coal to pursue eco- friendly technologies for co-utilizing biomass and other opportunity fuels with coal or natural gas [1]. This article discusses two parallel cases of copyrolysis of coal with biomass or wastes. In the first case, smokeless fuel briquettes are prepared with a low-rank coal and biomass byproducts such as olive stones and sawdust. Additives to improve the mechanical properties and the sulfur retention in ash are used. The briquettes showed good mechanical properties and slow, uniform, smokeless combustion. In the second case, petroleum residua and waste lubrication oils are used to produce chemicals and energy by co-pyrolysis with coal. It has been shown that co- pyrolysis in the presence of coal char selectively promotes transfer of hydrogen from the parent material to the gas and liquid products, concentrating carbon in the reminder char. Split-off hydrogen from carbon is enhanced when the primary co-pyrolysis products are submitted to thermocatalytic decomposition in a subsequent catalytic step. This process represents an attractive route for the production of carbon dioxide?free hydrogen from hydrocarbons, whatever their origin.
Implementation of a more sensible energy-environmental policy should include a “green alliance of biomass and coal to pursue eco- friendly technologies for co-utilizing biomass and other opportunity fuels with coal or natural gas [1]. This article discusses two parallel cases of copyrolysis of coal with biomass or wastes. In the first case, smokeless fuel briquettes are prepared with a low-rank coal and biomass byproducts such as olive stones and sawdust. Additives to improve the mechanical properties and the sulfur retention in ash are used. The briquettes showed good mechanical properties and slow, uniform, smokeless combustion. In the second case, petroleum residua and waste lubrication oils are used to produce chemicals and energy by co-pyrolysis with coal. It has been shown that co- pyrolysis in the presence of coal char selectively promotes transfer of hydrogen from the parent material to the gas and liquid products, concentrating carbon in the reminder char. Split-off hydrogen from carbon is enhanced when the primary co-pyrolysis products are submitted to thermocatalytic decomposition in a subsequent catalytic step. This process represents an attractive route for the production of carbon dioxide?free hydrogen from hydrocarbons, whatever their origin.
Implementation of a more sensible energy-environmental policy should include a “green alliance of biomass and coal to pursue eco- friendly technologies for co-utilizing biomass and other opportunity fuels with coal or natural gas [1]. This article discusses two parallel cases of copyrolysis of coal with biomass or wastes. In the first case, smokeless fuel briquettes are prepared with a low-rank coal and biomass byproducts such as olive stones and sawdust. Additives to improve the mechanical properties and the sulfur retention in ash are used. The briquettes showed good mechanical properties and slow, uniform, smokeless combustion. In the second case, petroleum residua and waste lubrication oils are used to produce chemicals and energy by co-pyrolysis with coal. It has been shown that co- pyrolysis in the presence of coal char selectively promotes transfer of hydrogen from the parent material to the gas and liquid products, concentrating carbon in the reminder char. Split-off hydrogen from carbon is enhanced when the primary co-pyrolysis products are submitted to thermocatalytic decomposition in a subsequent catalytic step. This process represents an attractive route for the production of carbon dioxide?free hydrogen from hydrocarbons, whatever their origin.
Implementation of a more sensible energy-environmental policy should include a “green alliance of biomass and coal to pursue eco- friendly technologies for co-utilizing biomass and other opportunity fuels with coal or natural gas [1]. This article discusses two parallel cases of copyrolysis of coal with biomass or wastes. In the first case, smokeless fuel briquettes are prepared with a low-rank coal and biomass byproducts such as olive stones and sawdust. Additives to improve the mechanical properties and the sulfur retention in ash are used. The briquettes showed good mechanical properties and slow, uniform, smokeless combustion. In the second case, petroleum residua and waste lubrication oils are used to produce chemicals and energy by co-pyrolysis with coal. It has been shown that co- pyrolysis in the presence of coal char selectively promotes transfer of hydrogen from the parent material to the gas and liquid products, concentrating carbon in the reminder char. Split-off hydrogen from carbon is enhanced when the primary co-pyrolysis products are submitted to thermocatalytic decomposition in a subsequent catalytic step. This process represents an attractive route for the production of carbon dioxide?free hydrogen from hydrocarbons, whatever their origin.
Implementation of a more sensible energy-environmental policy should include a “green alliance of biomass and coal to pursue eco- friendly technologies for co-utilizing biomass and other opportunity fuels with coal or natural gas [1]. This article discusses two parallel cases of copyrolysis of coal with biomass or wastes. In the first case, smokeless fuel briquettes are prepared with a low-rank coal and biomass byproducts such as olive stones and sawdust. Additives to improve the mechanical properties and the sulfur retention in ash are used. The briquettes showed good mechanical properties and slow, uniform, smokeless combustion. In the second case, petroleum residua and waste lubrication oils are used to produce chemicals and energy by co-pyrolysis with coal. It has been shown that co- pyrolysis in the presence of coal char selectively promotes transfer of hydrogen from the parent material to the gas and liquid products, concentrating carbon in the reminder char. Split-off hydrogen from carbon is enhanced when the primary co-pyrolysis products are submitted to thermocatalytic decomposition in a subsequent catalytic step. This process represents an attractive route for the production of carbon dioxide?free hydrogen from hydrocarbons, whatever their origin.
Implementation of a more sensible energy-environmental policy should include a “green alliance of biomass and coal to pursue eco- friendly technologies for co-utilizing biomass and other opportunity fuels with coal or natural gas [1]. This article discusses two parallel cases of copyrolysis of coal with biomass or wastes. In the first case, smokeless fuel briquettes are prepared with a low-rank coal and biomass byproducts such as olive stones and sawdust. Additives to improve the mechanical properties and the sulfur retention in ash are used. The briquettes showed good mechanical properties and slow, uniform, smokeless combustion. In the second case, petroleum residua and waste lubrication oils are used to produce chemicals and energy by co-pyrolysis with coal. It has been shown that co- pyrolysis in the presence of coal char selectively promotes transfer of hydrogen from the parent material to the gas and liquid products, concentrating carbon in the reminder char. Split-off hydrogen from carbon is enhanced when the primary co-pyrolysis products are submitted to thermocatalytic decomposition in a subsequent catalytic step. This process represents an attractive route for the production of carbon dioxide?free hydrogen from hydrocarbons, whatever their origin.
Important technical issues must be resolved before co-pyrolysis and co-gasification technologies can be offered as commercially viable processes. Clearly, issues such as solids handling and solids injection require solutions developed at actual plant or pilot scale. However, research on numerous other residual problems can be carried out effectively, rapidly, and inexpensively at bench-scale level. This article describes several cases where problems encountered during pilot or plant scale operation can be studied by experiments at bench-top level; the designs of the bench-scale reactors used in these studies are presented and discussed.
Important technical issues must be resolved before co-pyrolysis and co-gasification technologies can be offered as commercially viable processes. Clearly, issues such as solids handling and solids injection require solutions developed at actual plant or pilot scale. However, research on numerous other residual problems can be carried out effectively, rapidly, and inexpensively at bench-scale level. This article describes several cases where problems encountered during pilot or plant scale operation can be studied by experiments at bench-top level; the designs of the bench-scale reactors used in these studies are presented and discussed.
Important technical issues must be resolved before co-pyrolysis and co-gasification technologies can be offered as commercially viable processes. Clearly, issues such as solids handling and solids injection require solutions developed at actual plant or pilot scale. However, research on numerous other residual problems can be carried out effectively, rapidly, and inexpensively at bench-scale level. This article describes several cases where problems encountered during pilot or plant scale operation can be studied by experiments at bench-top level; the designs of the bench-scale reactors used in these studies are presented and discussed.
Important technical issues must be resolved before co-pyrolysis and co-gasification technologies can be offered as commercially viable processes. Clearly, issues such as solids handling and solids injection require solutions developed at actual plant or pilot scale. However, research on numerous other residual problems can be carried out effectively, rapidly, and inexpensively at bench-scale level. This article describes several cases where problems encountered during pilot or plant scale operation can be studied by experiments at bench-top level; the designs of the bench-scale reactors used in these studies are presented and discussed.
Important technical issues must be resolved before co-pyrolysis and co-gasification technologies can be offered as commercially viable processes. Clearly, issues such as solids handling and solids injection require solutions developed at actual plant or pilot scale. However, research on numerous other residual problems can be carried out effectively, rapidly, and inexpensively at bench-scale level. This article describes several cases where problems encountered during pilot or plant scale operation can be studied by experiments at bench-top level; the designs of the bench-scale reactors used in these studies are presented and discussed.
Important technical issues must be resolved before co-pyrolysis and co-gasification technologies can be offered as commercially viable processes. Clearly, issues such as solids handling and solids injection require solutions developed at actual plant or pilot scale. However, research on numerous other residual problems can be carried out effectively, rapidly, and inexpensively at bench-scale level. This article describes several cases where problems encountered during pilot or plant scale operation can be studied by experiments at bench-top level; the designs of the bench-scale reactors used in these studies are presented and discussed.
Important technical issues must be resolved before co-pyrolysis and co-gasification technologies can be offered as commercially viable processes. Clearly, issues such as solids handling and solids injection require solutions developed at actual plant or pilot scale. However, research on numerous other residual problems can be carried out effectively, rapidly, and inexpensively at bench-scale level. This article describes several cases where problems encountered during pilot or plant scale operation can be studied by experiments at bench-top level; the designs of the bench-scale reactors used in these studies are presented and discussed.
Important technical issues must be resolved before co-pyrolysis and co-gasification technologies can be offered as commercially viable processes. Clearly, issues such as solids handling and solids injection require solutions developed at actual plant or pilot scale. However, research on numerous other residual problems can be carried out effectively, rapidly, and inexpensively at bench-scale level. This article describes several cases where problems encountered during pilot or plant scale operation can be studied by experiments at bench-top level; the designs of the bench-scale reactors used in these studies are presented and discussed.
Important technical issues must be resolved before co-pyrolysis and co-gasification technologies can be offered as commercially viable processes. Clearly, issues such as solids handling and solids injection require solutions developed at actual plant or pilot scale. However, research on numerous other residual problems can be carried out effectively, rapidly, and inexpensively at bench-scale level. This article describes several cases where problems encountered during pilot or plant scale operation can be studied by experiments at bench-top level; the designs of the bench-scale reactors used in these studies are presented and discussed.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
A unified ?rst order reaction rate model of pyrolysis is presented to facilitate co-utilization of domestic fuels (CDF) spanning the entire coalification region. This model was first used in interpretations of University of Florida laboratory and industrial scale coal-natural gas (C-NG) co-?ring experiments using reaction rates based upon coal pyrolysis yields measured at MIT. After undertaking industrial- scale municipal solid waste, biomass, coal, and natural gas co-?ring experiments, the pyrolysis model was used to interpret experiments with these fuels. The model is here adapted to represent ultra pyrolysis (UP) yields of cellulose measured at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and fast pyrolysis (FP) yields of eight coals of various ranks measured at Tohoku University (TU). The overall goal is to find equations to calculate FP yields that depend upon the weight percentages [C], [H], and [O] of the feedstock, the a, b, and c of the chemical product (CaHbOc), the temperature of pyrolysis (T), and the time (t) of application of this temperature. Such a uni?ed model should be useful for many CDF applications and helpful in bringing order to the science of pyrolysis.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
Pyrolysis has progressed significantly in the processing of herbaceous materials as well as woody plants. In fast pyrolysis, the widely used fluid bed reactor is a relatively simple design with favourable heat transfer characteristics. Recent advancements in char removal and bio-oil collection increase the effective use of pyrolysis oils as fuel in advanced power cycles. Due to the shortcomings of integrated gasification/combined cycles (IGCC), we are developing an alternative to IGCC for biomass power: the integrated (fast) pyrolysis/combined cycle (IPCC). Solid biomass is converted into liquid bio-oil. This bio-oil is a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds and water that can fuel a gas turbine topping cycle. Resulting waste heat provides thermal energy to a steam turbine bottoming cycle. Advantages of the biomass-fueled IPCC system include: combined cycle efficiency exceeding 33.6% efficiency for a system as small as 7.6 MW; absence of high-pressure thermal reactors; decoupling of fuel processing and power generation; and opportunities for recovering value-added products from the bio-oil. In addition, this technology co-utilizes biomass with natural gas in the pyrolysis cycle and diesel fuel in the turbine cycle. This article reviews the state of fast pyrolysis technology, describes the operation of the proposed IPCC power system, and estimates the capital and operating costs of the system operating on agricultural residues.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
The rear-view mirror is unhelpful when an overtaking car is in the blind quadrants (blind spot). In this contribution we describe the software implementation of an algorithm to monitor vehicle- overtaking processes. This algorithm detects the vehicle to the rear and determines whether it is approaching or not; if approaching, the algorithm alerts us of the vehicle’s presence. The proposed system is based on the Reichardt correlator model. The approach presented uses the saliency of motion features in a competition scheme to filter noise patterns. In this way features corresponding to rigid body motion self-emerge from the background. Real overtaking sequences have been used to develop this monitoring system.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
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This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
This paper presents a safe arm using compliant hybrid joints for human-friendly service robots, which realizes human safety, absorbs impact force, and provides task ful?llment. The robot is composed of links covered with soft materials and hybrid joints, which can be put into active or passive mode as needed. In an unexpected or expected collision with a human, the arising impulse force is attenuated effectively by the proposed physical model, which is developed with the hybrid joints and the soft covering. Owing to the displacement of the links when the joint is passive, a recovery control algorithm has been developed for the end-effector to maintain its desired task position after the collision. The force attenuation property has been veri?ed through collision experiments in that the capability of the proposed passive arm in overcoming the limitations of active compliance control has been demonstrated. Simulation results also showed that the proposed control method is useful for robot’s task ful?llment.
One of the main advantages of usingbiomass, as an energy resource in electrical applications, versus the conventional electric power supplies, is its renewable and environmentally friendly character and its main drawback is the economical costs associated with this kind of resource. The integration of the biomass in the energy planning of a region requires the development of advanced planning tools that allow for assessing and optimizing that economical costs in order to identify the optimal location for the biomass investments. This paper presents an original methodology and the corresponding models developed to evaluate the locations of biomass power plants taking advantage of the existing biomass resources in a region in an optimal way. The corresponding computer tools have been created in a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they have been applied to the region of La Rioja (Spain). These tools are part of a main research project sponsored by the Spanish authorities and the European Union.
One of the main advantages of usingbiomass, as an energy resource in electrical applications, versus the conventional electric power supplies, is its renewable and environmentally friendly character and its main drawback is the economical costs associated with this kind of resource. The integration of the biomass in the energy planning of a region requires the development of advanced planning tools that allow for assessing and optimizing that economical costs in order to identify the optimal location for the biomass investments. This paper presents an original methodology and the corresponding models developed to evaluate the locations of biomass power plants taking advantage of the existing biomass resources in a region in an optimal way. The corresponding computer tools have been created in a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they have been applied to the region of La Rioja (Spain). These tools are part of a main research project sponsored by the Spanish authorities and the European Union.
One of the main advantages of usingbiomass, as an energy resource in electrical applications, versus the conventional electric power supplies, is its renewable and environmentally friendly character and its main drawback is the economical costs associated with this kind of resource. The integration of the biomass in the energy planning of a region requires the development of advanced planning tools that allow for assessing and optimizing that economical costs in order to identify the optimal location for the biomass investments. This paper presents an original methodology and the corresponding models developed to evaluate the locations of biomass power plants taking advantage of the existing biomass resources in a region in an optimal way. The corresponding computer tools have been created in a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they have been applied to the region of La Rioja (Spain). These tools are part of a main research project sponsored by the Spanish authorities and the European Union.
One of the main advantages of usingbiomass, as an energy resource in electrical applications, versus the conventional electric power supplies, is its renewable and environmentally friendly character and its main drawback is the economical costs associated with this kind of resource. The integration of the biomass in the energy planning of a region requires the development of advanced planning tools that allow for assessing and optimizing that economical costs in order to identify the optimal location for the biomass investments. This paper presents an original methodology and the corresponding models developed to evaluate the locations of biomass power plants taking advantage of the existing biomass resources in a region in an optimal way. The corresponding computer tools have been created in a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they have been applied to the region of La Rioja (Spain). These tools are part of a main research project sponsored by the Spanish authorities and the European Union.
One of the main advantages of usingbiomass, as an energy resource in electrical applications, versus the conventional electric power supplies, is its renewable and environmentally friendly character and its main drawback is the economical costs associated with this kind of resource. The integration of the biomass in the energy planning of a region requires the development of advanced planning tools that allow for assessing and optimizing that economical costs in order to identify the optimal location for the biomass investments. This paper presents an original methodology and the corresponding models developed to evaluate the locations of biomass power plants taking advantage of the existing biomass resources in a region in an optimal way. The corresponding computer tools have been created in a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they have been applied to the region of La Rioja (Spain). These tools are part of a main research project sponsored by the Spanish authorities and the European Union.
One of the main advantages of usingbiomass, as an energy resource in electrical applications, versus the conventional electric power supplies, is its renewable and environmentally friendly character and its main drawback is the economical costs associated with this kind of resource. The integration of the biomass in the energy planning of a region requires the development of advanced planning tools that allow for assessing and optimizing that economical costs in order to identify the optimal location for the biomass investments. This paper presents an original methodology and the corresponding models developed to evaluate the locations of biomass power plants taking advantage of the existing biomass resources in a region in an optimal way. The corresponding computer tools have been created in a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they have been applied to the region of La Rioja (Spain). These tools are part of a main research project sponsored by the Spanish authorities and the European Union.
One of the main advantages of usingbiomass, as an energy resource in electrical applications, versus the conventional electric power supplies, is its renewable and environmentally friendly character and its main drawback is the economical costs associated with this kind of resource. The integration of the biomass in the energy planning of a region requires the development of advanced planning tools that allow for assessing and optimizing that economical costs in order to identify the optimal location for the biomass investments. This paper presents an original methodology and the corresponding models developed to evaluate the locations of biomass power plants taking advantage of the existing biomass resources in a region in an optimal way. The corresponding computer tools have been created in a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they have been applied to the region of La Rioja (Spain). These tools are part of a main research project sponsored by the Spanish authorities and the European Union.
One of the main advantages of usingbiomass, as an energy resource in electrical applications, versus the conventional electric power supplies, is its renewable and environmentally friendly character and its main drawback is the economical costs associated with this kind of resource. The integration of the biomass in the energy planning of a region requires the development of advanced planning tools that allow for assessing and optimizing that economical costs in order to identify the optimal location for the biomass investments. This paper presents an original methodology and the corresponding models developed to evaluate the locations of biomass power plants taking advantage of the existing biomass resources in a region in an optimal way. The corresponding computer tools have been created in a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they have been applied to the region of La Rioja (Spain). These tools are part of a main research project sponsored by the Spanish authorities and the European Union.
One of the main advantages of usingbiomass, as an energy resource in electrical applications, versus the conventional electric power supplies, is its renewable and environmentally friendly character and its main drawback is the economical costs associated with this kind of resource. The integration of the biomass in the energy planning of a region requires the development of advanced planning tools that allow for assessing and optimizing that economical costs in order to identify the optimal location for the biomass investments. This paper presents an original methodology and the corresponding models developed to evaluate the locations of biomass power plants taking advantage of the existing biomass resources in a region in an optimal way. The corresponding computer tools have been created in a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they have been applied to the region of La Rioja (Spain). These tools are part of a main research project sponsored by the Spanish authorities and the European Union.
One of the main advantages of usingbiomass, as an energy resource in electrical applications, versus the conventional electric power supplies, is its renewable and environmentally friendly character and its main drawback is the economical costs associated with this kind of resource. The integration of the biomass in the energy planning of a region requires the development of advanced planning tools that allow for assessing and optimizing that economical costs in order to identify the optimal location for the biomass investments. This paper presents an original methodology and the corresponding models developed to evaluate the locations of biomass power plants taking advantage of the existing biomass resources in a region in an optimal way. The corresponding computer tools have been created in a Geographical Information System (GIS) and they have been applied to the region of La Rioja (Spain). These tools are part of a main research project sponsored by the Spanish authorities and the European Union.
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The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
The FairWIS project, ended in Dec. 2001, developed a web based system for the management of real and virtual trade fairs. During the project, and trough the cooperation with a Foundation (IGstudents), it emerged the need of the customization of the available system as an educational environment. In fact, a version of it has appeared very suitable for helping micro enterprises of high school and university students to carry out their business activity within the IGstudents yearly programme, extensively described in the paper. A previous project named FairWIS has produced a software prototype which will be customized and validated during a take-up action founded by the European Commission IST Programme. During this trial (named FairsNet), the contribution of the IGstudents Foundation will be enhanced, and therefore the educational value of the system will be improved. In the conclusions, a further step will be proposed for stimulating the students’ enterprises, involved in the IGstudents programme, to set and develop cooperation, thus moving towards the “virtual enterprise” model.
As a result of globalisation, supply networks are getting increasingly more complex and extended. The exchange of knowledge becomes a critical parameter for the improvement of efficiency. This article describes the architecture of a web-based expert system that enables knowledge-based product information to reach several companies within a network. The day-to-day interaction for design and purchase of products in a B-to-B environment will be in focus. It is illustrated how the use of web-based expert systems can improve the efficiency of the sales process significantly. The use of configurators has changed the daily interaction between a company and its suppliers. Large multinational companies (e.g. Dell and Cisco) have demonstrated how the use of web-based expert systems can revolutionize the sale of customized products and change market paradigms. The companies have reached new levels of competitiveness. However, web-based expert systems are not only feasible for these giants. Solar A/S, Denmark’s largest electrical wholesaler, is running a portal for the purchase of electrical components. Recently an expert system has been introduced by one of the suppliers in order to improve communication within a network of companies. In this paper it is described how configurators are built and the new opportunities they bring are discussed.
As a result of globalisation, supply networks are getting increasingly more complex and extended. The exchange of knowledge becomes a critical parameter for the improvement of efficiency. This article describes the architecture of a web-based expert system that enables knowledge-based product information to reach several companies within a network. The day-to-day interaction for design and purchase of products in a B-to-B environment will be in focus. It is illustrated how the use of web-based expert systems can improve the efficiency of the sales process significantly. The use of configurators has changed the daily interaction between a company and its suppliers. Large multinational companies (e.g. Dell and Cisco) have demonstrated how the use of web-based expert systems can revolutionize the sale of customized products and change market paradigms. The companies have reached new levels of competitiveness. However, web-based expert systems are not only feasible for these giants. Solar A/S, Denmark’s largest electrical wholesaler, is running a portal for the purchase of electrical components. Recently an expert system has been introduced by one of the suppliers in order to improve communication within a network of companies. In this paper it is described how configurators are built and the new opportunities they bring are discussed.
As a result of globalisation, supply networks are getting increasingly more complex and extended. The exchange of knowledge becomes a critical parameter for the improvement of efficiency. This article describes the architecture of a web-based expert system that enables knowledge-based product information to reach several companies within a network. The day-to-day interaction for design and purchase of products in a B-to-B environment will be in focus. It is illustrated how the use of web-based expert systems can improve the efficiency of the sales process significantly. The use of configurators has changed the daily interaction between a company and its suppliers. Large multinational companies (e.g. Dell and Cisco) have demonstrated how the use of web-based expert systems can revolutionize the sale of customized products and change market paradigms. The companies have reached new levels of competitiveness. However, web-based expert systems are not only feasible for these giants. Solar A/S, Denmark’s largest electrical wholesaler, is running a portal for the purchase of electrical components. Recently an expert system has been introduced by one of the suppliers in order to improve communication within a network of companies. In this paper it is described how configurators are built and the new opportunities they bring are discussed.
As a result of globalisation, supply networks are getting increasingly more complex and extended. The exchange of knowledge becomes a critical parameter for the improvement of efficiency. This article describes the architecture of a web-based expert system that enables knowledge-based product information to reach several companies within a network. The day-to-day interaction for design and purchase of products in a B-to-B environment will be in focus. It is illustrated how the use of web-based expert systems can improve the efficiency of the sales process significantly. The use of configurators has changed the daily interaction between a company and its suppliers. Large multinational companies (e.g. Dell and Cisco) have demonstrated how the use of web-based expert systems can revolutionize the sale of customized products and change market paradigms. The companies have reached new levels of competitiveness. However, web-based expert systems are not only feasible for these giants. Solar A/S, Denmark’s largest electrical wholesaler, is running a portal for the purchase of electrical components. Recently an expert system has been introduced by one of the suppliers in order to improve communication within a network of companies. In this paper it is described how configurators are built and the new opportunities they bring are discussed.
As a result of globalisation, supply networks are getting increasingly more complex and extended. The exchange of knowledge becomes a critical parameter for the improvement of efficiency. This article describes the architecture of a web-based expert system that enables knowledge-based product information to reach several companies within a network. The day-to-day interaction for design and purchase of products in a B-to-B environment will be in focus. It is illustrated how the use of web-based expert systems can improve the efficiency of the sales process significantly. The use of configurators has changed the daily interaction between a company and its suppliers. Large multinational companies (e.g. Dell and Cisco) have demonstrated how the use of web-based expert systems can revolutionize the sale of customized products and change market paradigms. The companies have reached new levels of competitiveness. However, web-based expert systems are not only feasible for these giants. Solar A/S, Denmark’s largest electrical wholesaler, is running a portal for the purchase of electrical components. Recently an expert system has been introduced by one of the suppliers in order to improve communication within a network of companies. In this paper it is described how configurators are built and the new opportunities they bring are discussed.