1. The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to H+. Toxins such as 2,4 dinitrophenol ruin the H+ gradient by making the mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+.
2. Coenzyme Q, also called ubiquinone, shuttle electrons from complexes I and II to complex III.
3. Complex IV reduces O2 to H2O. Toxins such as carbon monooxide (CO) and cyanide (CN) inhibit complex IV.
4. Compex V(ATP synthetase) uses the energy of the H+ gradient to generate ATP(2H+ per ATP) Oligomycin inhibits ATP synthessis by blocking its H+ channel.
1. Collagen is a glycoprotein composed of three peptides wrapped in a triple helix. The amino acids are repeating triplets of glycine-X-Y, where X and Y are often hydroxylated proline and lysine. Vitamine C is required for this hydroxylation, and lack of vitamine C leads to scurvy, a disease of poor collagen formation.
2. Once in the extracellular matrix, lysyl oxidase crosslinks collagen helices to one another to form a matrix.
3. Collagen type IV is a present in basement mebranes. Collagen type II is found in cartilage.
3. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is due to defective collagen synthesis and is characterized by stretchy skin and hyperflexible joints.
4. Elastin is also rich in proline and lysine, but is not hydroxylated.
5. Elastin is protected from degradation by alpha1-antitrypsin. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency leads to emphysema and hepatitis.
CHANGE IN STEP 1 MINIMUM PASSING SCORE Posted December 15, 2000
As stated in the USMLE Bulletin of Information and as explained in a previous announcement, the level of proficiency required to meet the recommended minimum passing level for each USMLE Step examination is reviewed periodically and may be adjusted at any time. Notice of such review and any adjustments will be posted at the USMLE website.
Following an in-depth review of the Step 1 minimum passing score during 2000, the Step 1 Committee has determined that the three-digit score required to pass Step 1 will be raised from 179 to 182. The new minimum passing score becomes effective for all examinees who take Step 1 on or after 1/1/2001.
Glycogen ・Liver and muscle store glucose in the form of glycogen. Glycogen gets rapidly mobilized when glucose is needed. Extensive branching makes glycogen more soluble.
Glycogen synthesis ・Glycogen synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm and requires ATP. G-6-P and insulin stimulate glycogen synthesis. ・Free G-6-P is converted to glucose-1-phosphate, which then converted to uridine diphosphate(UDP)-glucose. ・Glycogen synthesis binds UDP-glucose to growing glycogen molecules via alpha-1,4 linkages. ・Glucosyl transferase, also called the branching enzyme, forms alpha-1,6 linkages in glycogen to create the branching structure.
・Glycogen phosphorylase breaks down glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate and the debranching enzyme removes branches. ・Glycogenolysis is stimulated by epinephrine, glucagon, calcium, and AMP. ・Enzyme phosphorylation states determine if glycogenolysis is on or off. Epinephine and glucagon stimulate adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP levels and activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylates glycogen synthase a (active) to form glycogen synthase b (inactive) and turn off glycogen synthessis. Furthermore, phosphorylase kinase turns on glycogenolysis by phosphorylating glycogen phosphorylase b (inactive) to form glycogen phosphorylase a (active).
Q1関連 さて糖原病は、その本の13章関連ですが、Figureには確かに ご指摘のようにType 1,2,5がでてきています。練習問題は Type 4がでています。First aidはType 3もでています。 ですからこの3ー4のタイプを覚えておけば良いのでは ないでしょうか。(どの酵素がdeficiencyで臨床的特徴は何か)
Q2関連 Type 2 に関してはLippincottには以下の記述がありました。
"A small amount of glycogen is continuously degraded by the lysosomal enzyme, alpha-1,4-glucosidase (acid maltase). The purpose of this pathway is unknown. However, a dificiency of this enzyme causes accumulation of glycogen in vacuoles in the cytosol, resulting in the very serious glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease.)"
Nerve injuries Long thoracic nerve ・Innervates serratus anterior muscle ・Results in winged scapula (posterior protrusion of scapula with forward pushing of the arms) ・suggests brachial plexus injury relatively close to vertebral column
Ulner nerve ・Injury results in ulner claw hand, inability to adduct fingers secondary to interosseous paralysis ・Sensory deficits of dorsal and palmar aspects of 4th and 5th digits
・Tourette's syndrome is characterized by motor and vocal tics. Motor tics are involuntary, purposeless movements. Vocal tics include involuntary swearing. ・ Tics must be distinguished from compulsions. ・Patients are tipically boys aged 12-14. ・Treat tics with haloperidol.
・Michaelis constant (Km) is the concentration of substrate that produces half of the maximal enzyme velocity (Vmax). A low Km means the enzyme has a high affinity for the substrate.
・Competitive inhibitors reversibly bind enzymes at the same site as the substrate. The presence of competitive inhibiotrs will increase the apparent Km, but will not change the Vmax.
・Noncompetitive inhibitors bind enzymes at a different site than the substrate. Non-competitive inhibitors decrease the Vmax but do not change Km.
・The HMP pathway, also called the penthose phosphate pathway, occurs in the cytoplasm.
・The main regulated step is the irreversible oxidation of glucose- 6-phosphate by glucose-6-phosphatate dehydrogenase (G6PD). This step requires oxidized nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) as a coenzyme and is inhibited by high levels of reduced nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).
・The HMP pathway generates NADPH and ribose phosphate.
・NADPH is necessary for detoxification of dangerous free radical species, reductive biosynthessis of fatty acids and steroids, and reactions in the liver P-450 system.
・Patients with G6PD deficiency are at the risk for hemolytic anemia because red blood cells depend on the HMP pathway to generate NADPH. G6PD deficiency is X-linked recessive and commonly occurs in African-Americans. Antibiotics, antimalarials, antipyretics, and infection trigger hemolysis.
・The HMP pathway also generates ribose-5-phosphate, a molecule used by transketolases to synthesize nucleotides and glycolysis intermediates.
日米医学医療交流財団と野口医学研究所との合同セミナーにアメリカから送付して 受講生のみなさんに大好評だったCSA対策にもなるCD−ROM付き本を、 会場にいけなかった方のために再度、御紹介しましょう!! Video Casebook:Medicine Andrew Levy Blackwell Science www.blackwell-science.com 1巻分で50ケースのそれぞれの患者さんが登場して自分の症状を説明します。 これは、ヒアリングのチェックにもなると思います。 第1巻、第2巻があり、それぞれ(こちらの価格では)$31.95
A1. Patients are tipically boys aged 8-10. >>117 A2. It is often associated with (social behavior). >118 ここ間違い It is 3-5 times more frequently in boys.
A3. Amino acids with basic side chains are histidine, lysine, and arguinine. >>124
・Intermediate mesoderm gives rise to pronephros, medonephros, and metanephros.
Pronephros ・The pronephros is the first to appear at cervical levels. Tubules degenerate and ducts remain at lower levels as mesonephric ducts.
Mesonephros ・The mesonephros regresses in males. ・In males, the mesonephroi form genital ducts. The ducts give rise to the ductus epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct.
Metanephros ・The metanephros forms temporary kidney. ・Nephrons arise from the metanephric mesoderm. ・Collecting tubules arise from the metanephric mesoderm
>CSAのapplicationの際日本文の「卒業証明書」と英文の「Diploma」を発行しても らって、ECFMGに提出したのですが、・・・返された。 final medical diplomaとは、日本文で書いてもらった「卒業証明書」ではなく、 卒業式にもらう「卒業証書」を送れということなんでしょうか? あたりまえじゃないの?step1のときはどうしたの? 本当にstep1通ったのか(ワラ
CSAのapplication >卒業大学のDiplomaにThis is to certify that the above-mentioned was graduated from ***University School of Medicine with the degree of Doctor of Medicine ...と表記。 Bachelor of Medicineという表記が必要か?
うだうだ抜かすボケがいっぱいいるから言って置くんだけど 、学位記(医学博士)は必要ないよ。取ってない奴はどうするんだよ? (俺はとってるけど、ださなかったぞ。) CSA受けられないのか、ばーか。これは卒業ということで十分 (Bachelor of Medicineだよ。)だから卒業証書のコピーが2部いるだけだ。 それとその英語訳があればいい。だからおまえの分でいいんだよ。 おまえは卒業証書の原本コピー2部が足らないだけだよ。 いい加減頭使え。氏ね!
aru daigaku ha kochira no aru byoin to tsunagari ga ari nanto ECFMG certification nashi de Clinical fellow sosite kyuryo mo dete iru tono koto.kore niha bikkuri simasita yahari ii daigaku ni iku mon desunee
「While intoxicated heroin users show little aggression, increased aggression is associated with the use of cocaine, amphetamines, and phencyclidine(PCP).」ってありましたが、
ima ER ni yobarete ittara me wo tsukete ita med student(Italy kei) ga ita hatsujo tsuide ni koe kaketara tel number kureta kenkyu posdoc ni makezu ganbaruzoo
・Nucleotide and nucleoside analogs preferentially terminate viral DNA chains. ・Viral nucleoside kinases often catalyze the phophorylation ot these drugs into the triphosphate form.
◆総評 by JOBUZ みごとです。バカな日産のコストカッター方式より、匠の技が効いてます。マンセーユーザーなんぞは勘違いしてポジティブな宣伝をしてくれるでしょう。モトローラとの密約もこの作戦を成功に導く大事な要になってます。裏金を忘れないように。まさか一般バカユーザーはモトローラと組んで高クロックPPCの製造をしないようにしているとは夢にも思わないでしょう。
・The neurotransmitter of sympathetic and parasympathetic synapses is acetylcholine. The only relevant exceptions are sympathetic synapses, which use norepinephrine.
・There are two general classes of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic.
・There are 2 nicotinic re reptor types.
・Nm receptors control skeletal muscle cantraction.
・Ng receptors control autonomic ganglion stimulation.
Gilbert's syndrome [Nicolas A. Gilbert, French physician, b. 1858]
a benign, hereditary condition characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice. No treatment is required. If I have this disease, I would turn yellow from time to time, and my mother will not get disturbed since my uncles also manifest the same thing. But to be sure, she will take me to a doctor, to rule out, if I have a viral infection or another disease.It is a challenge for doctors weather: to assure my mother that her son is OK, or test, or start treatment for a disease I don't have.
IV nicotinic acid is not the gold standard to diagnose this disease and elevated fasting indirect bilirubin can also be seen in other disease entities. genetic/enzymatic testing must be done.
See also hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn, which is more commonly seen in the clinics.
trivia:
niacin also known as nicotinic acid is WHAT a white, crystalline, water-soluble vitamin of the B complex group FUNCTION It functions as a coenzyme necessary for the breakdown and use of all major nutrients and is essential for a healthy skin, normal functioning of the GI tract, maintenance of the nervous system, and synthesis of the sex hormones. SOURCES It also may be effective in improving circulation and reducing high blood cholesterol levels. Rich dietary sources of both niacin and its precursor tryptophan are meats, poultry, fish, liver, kidney, eggs, nuts, peanut butter, brewer's yeast, and wheat germ. LACK OF THIS LEADS TO: Symptoms of deficiency include muscular weakness, general fatigue, loss of appetite, various skin eruptions, halitosis, stomatitis, insomnia, irritability, nausea, vomiting, recurring headaches, tender gums, tension, and depression. Severe deficiency results in pellagra.
The vitamin is not stored in the body, and daily sources are needed. The recommended dietary allowance for adults is 15 to 20 NE (niacin equivalents) or mg of niacin.
IBS - Irritable Bowel Syndrome, otherwise called spastic colon, mucous colitis, nervous colon etc. Considered a psychological disease, because of its high incidence in women, multi-factorial causes and because it is hard to cure, getting the patient back to the doctor frequently
It is an irregularity of the serotonin mechanism. Clinical diagnosis based on the Rome II criteria of lower abdominal pain in the last 12 weeks (not consecutive) during the last 12 months associated at least to changes in the form and frequency of stools (from constipation to diarrhea or vice-versa) and bloating. Prevalence ranges from 15-25%, has been reported worldwide and in the US 70% are women between 15-34 years of age cause of 3x more absences to work/school, visits to the doctor and more surgical procedures than normal population. sometimes there is history of sexual or sexual abuse in the past Colon response to stress is exarcebated, gastrocolic reflex, urgency to pass stools, happens 20-50 minutes after a meal, with cramping and gas retention. Higher visceral sensitivity is due to distention, food or gas and is the cause of pain.
Serotonin 1- affects both the motility and visceral sensitivity of colon through 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors on the intestinal cells, causing peristalsis (stimulated by the bolus cause bowel contraction of the part above and distention of part below of the bowel) 2- travel to the medulla to the brain stem and limbic system (where it produces feelings of fear and anxiety 3- travel to thalamus to cerebral cortex - prefrontal activity
Diagnosis is symptomatic. Identify dominant symptom (constipation or diarrhea), consider differential diagnosis -( masses, occult blood on stool, fever, weight loss, old age, nocturnal awakenings, anemia, increased ESR, abnormal chemistry) ask for diagnostic exams sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, initiate treatment: mild disease: 1) education about disease, reassurance it is not leading to cancer 2) dietary modification -eliminate offending items moderate disease: 3) monitoring and modification - attentive to symptoms, severity, associated factors, emotional response and cognition 4) pharmacotherapy of gut symptoms - anti-spasmodics and antiflatulents (low efficacy) 5) psychological treatments- work well on the short term severe disease 6) set realistic goals - improvement not a cure 7) focus on health not on illness 8) antidepressant therapy - TCAs or SSRIs in very small doses to interrupt pain-gate response 9) referral for symptoms management when necessary psychologist, psychotherapist, pain control center
New drugs are waiting approval by the FDA, very specific, effective and with few side effects.
> >For exams-oriented people in the group, I am sure that knowing TB > >well will pay dividends on the USMLE. We regularly get questions > >on TB in UK exams - both undergraduate and postgraduate ones. > > Would you describe those questions for us?
In clinical data interpretation/problem solving exams, case history of a patient is given. Questions are then asked about the differential diagnosis of TB, what investigations, what treatment, what prophylaxis for contacts, etc.
In one station of our clinical skills exam (an exam similar to the CSA), a patient presented with coughing out blood. We then have to take a history from him and make the differential diagnosis (it turned out to be TB).
In MCQs, literally anything about TB can be asked.
Dear Friends,, Afte finishing my USMLE..I just found that I have a CD that containss: 1.Kaplan Step 1 & Kaplan Step 2 simulated 1000 MCQ with explanations 2.Kaplan practice questions CD for step 1 : 850 MCQ with explanations 3.NMS Step 1 & Step 2 : 2000 Q&A 4.Appleton & Lange ALERT Step 1 & Step 2 :2000 Q&A explanations 5.Board Simulator Series ( BSS )step1 : 850 a&A explanations
All of this in 1 CD. Price that CD has the best combination of the all the ecxellent MCQ for step 1& 2 that you can find it is worth 400$ .The programs
are from 1999-2000. over 6000 Q&A with explanations.interactive .customizable Trust me to pass USMLE you need to practice MCQs as much as you can, I did not need to take prep courses, now I want to sell it for the same price that
* Aspirin, ibuprofen , and indomethacin are examples of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
* All NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxigenase, important enzyme to inhibit prostaglandin formation from arachidonic acids.
* Aspiorin toxicity (salicylism) initially causes respiratory stimulation, then respiratory depression and failure. Other symptoms include tinnitus, vomitting, and confusion. Chronic overdose causes respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis.
* Indomethacin is used to close patent arteriosis in newborns.
In our University practically all the students present the USMLE, because practically most of them apply to the states for residencies. So many of my collegues have applied already and many got very high grades (most above 90 and we even got one 99), which makes it very frustrating if anyone get a grade below 90! As for me I am planning to present the USMLE step I in Feb 2001 and I'll start studying next month. To start with I bought the books and of course the one and only : First Aid for the USMLE step 1.
Hope this group will help all of us study well for the step. Sincerely,
Hi! My name is Elh・・ Kha・・ and I am a 4th year clinical student at Oxford University. As comments on the USMLE are slowly gathering in my mailbox, I thought it was about time I shared some of my own experiences.
Firstly, thanks for setting this group up, as I have recently been looking into the whole USMLE option,and have found it somewhat daunting, so it is good that we can all share our experiences. I haven't actually started revising yet, and am very much at the starting stages.
Secondly, I was talking to a med student who was over from the states for his elective, and he gave me some interesting information about the USMLE exam that I thought you may be interested in. Firstly he said (and in response to M's query) that the marks you get in the USMLE are only really important if you want to go into a really popular speciality. The less popular options (and I'm sorry, but I can't name examples) do not require you to have the sky-high percentages. Presumably also, it depends on the hospitals to which you apply.
He also said that the sample questions that you get are misleadingly easy, and the test questions are actually a lot harder. This I found quite off-putting, because I don't feel too confident with the sample questions...let alone if they were made any harder. So he recommended that the best time to take Step 1 of the USMLE was either straight after your pre-clinical training (if you have enough clinical exposure) or just after your first clinical year. He said he did about 2 months revision for the step 1 and found the First Aid book most useful. He said step 2 is taken at the end of the clinical course, and then step three at some point after that.
With regards to when you should go over to the US, he said that as far as he was aware, having taken the USMLE option, all foreign graduates would have to go through the whole residency thing along with the fresh american graduates. So presumably, if you are planning to move to, and practice in the US, the best time to go is when you are fresh out of medschool, so that you don't have to repeat the whole residency thing again.
M・・・, it sounds like you are pretty much at the same stage as me; in that you are not too sure of the details, and are not planning to take the USMLE now, but sometime in the near future. I hope the above has been of use to people, and I look forward to hearing from you guys some more!!
...and who knows, maybe we'll meet in an American hospital someday!!
Here are the essential books we study in Lebanon for the step 1:
1- First Aid for the USMLE step 1 2000 edition ISBN 0071358498 2- High-Yield Embryology ISBN 068302714X 3- High-Yield Anatomy ISBN 0683182153 4- High-Yield Neuroanatomy ISBN 0683307215 -OR- 5-Clinical Neuroanatomy made ridiculously simple ISBN 0940780003 6- High-Yield Histology ISBN 0683027204 7- High-Yield Behavioral Science ISBN 0683029401 8- Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry ISBN 0397510918 9- Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple ISBN 0940780321 -and Immunology section from- 10- Medical Microbiology & Immunology: Examination and Board Review ISBN 0838562876 11- BRS Pathology ISBN 0683076086 12- Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology ISBN 0397515677 (and now the 2000 edition is out) 13-BRS Physiology ISBN 0683303961
In addition to the Underground Clinical Vignettes series prepared by the authers of First Aid.
I don't want to frustrate you with all these books and let me tell you, rare are the students I know who finished all these before the step, but at least these are the references and if short of time, my friends just studied the First Aid for a given topic.
As for these books they are readily available in the Bookstores near the University, however they often are out of stock so we need to get them or photocopy them from our friends or in the desperate cases get them from the US.
I'm He... final years medic from University of Indonesia. I've join this groups for a few weeks. Right now, a few friends of mine and myself are doing a reseach project about "the relation between plasma zinc status and pulmonary tuberculosis". We did find dificulty to find the literatures for the project , since the similar study was still very rare in Indonesia. But this kind of study was found in huge numbers in India , Japan and China. We had browsed MEDLINE and found some citation but those jurnals was not avaliable in either of any library and e-library we had accessed. I had asked T the permission to request to this group. I do hope the help of Indian members of this group to inform me about the papers below or if there any free accesed website about zinc and tuberculosis. 1. Observations on serum zinc in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis Taneja DP. Journal of Indian Medical Association 1990 Oct 88: 10 275 , 280-1 2. Zinc in active pulmonary tuberculosis Pant K, Biswas SK, Chawla R, Shah A, Singh MM. Indian Journal of Chest Diseases Allied Science 1987 Jul-SEp 29:3 144-9 3. Serum zinc concentration in pulmonary tuberculosis Narang RK, Singh RK, Katiyar SK, Sunder S, Singh SK. Journal Assoc Physicians India 1987 Jun 35:6 437-8 4. Serum zinc in pulmonary infections Kahtri PC, Gupta BD, Miglani N , Jain A. Indian Pediatr 1981 Feb 18:2 120-2 5. Serum zinc and copper in tuberculosis Ahmad P, Greg R, Salahuddin A. Indian Pediatr 1985 Okt 22:10 786-8 6. Status of zinc in pulmonary tuebrculosis. Gupta KC, Mehta MR, Bolya Yk, Gupta L, Mathur A. Journal Assoc Physicians India 1984 MAy 32:5 421-3 7. Importance of serum zinc and copper in pulmonary tuberculosis of childhood Sinha RK, Khan AF, Singh BP. Journal Indian MEdical Association 1985 Oct 83:10 342-4
If you can't find those papers , I still hope you can find any kind of papers about zinc and pulmonary tuberculosis . Just inform me to my email (hen@y...) whether you find those journals... if you can find the free download website that contain the full text journal, just tell me , I'll down load it my self ,if you have the access to your university online library, just send it to my email in HTML format. If avaliable you may scan the copy in PDF format and send it by email, but if those option are still not convinience , you may send a copy by conventional mail. I will manage to pay the postal fee.
NB: In the future whether you guys get problems with reseach, proposal formats or statistics you may contact me. I will help as much as I can. レベル低いのう。
You've always been told not to mix business with pleasure, but what if business was pleasure! We here at the Suez Canal Medical Students Association have cooked up the 3rd SCMSA Summer School on Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine with just the right amount of each of these secret ingredients; Business: a once in a lifetime opportunity to get hands on experience with infectious diseases and Pleasure: the opportunity to explore the treasures of Egypt.
Curious? Then read on, here are the juicy details:
The course will be based on labs, clinics, lectures, seminars and problem solving.
Time 16 to 30 July, 2000
Number of Participants 20 and up to 40 students
Deadline for Applications 16 June, 2001
Course Fee 210 US Dollars (early registration) 225 US Dollars (registration after deadline or upon arrival)
For accompanying persons, their registration fees are: 235 US Dollars (early registration) 250 US Dollars (registration after deadline or upon arrival)
The fees should be transferred to the following bank account:
Suez Canal Medical Students Association El Ahley Bank , Ismailia
National Bank of Egypt Suez Canal University branch Account No. 01/27890
We kindly request that you send us a copy of the bank transfer receipt in any of the following ways:
1. Fax the receipt to + 20 64 329448 Attn. Fady Aziz 2. Scan the receipt and send it to summerschool@s... 3. Send it to the Suez Canal Medical Students Association, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Before the 16th of June, the fees shall be 60% refundable.
The fees will cover: キ Scientific course キ Accommodation in 3-bedroom apartment in three stars youth hostel in Ismailia, Egypt キ Breakfast and lunch キ Social and cultural program キ Certificate that will be issued to all those who will have completed the course.
Required Equipment A white coat and stethoscope. A camera will come in handy as well!
Optional Social Program Optional trips will be organized to different cities and regions in Egypt such as Cairo, Hurghada, Sinai, Luxor and Alexandria.
Official Language English
Climate and Clothing The weather is sunny in July and is warm, the average temperature ranges from 28 to 35ーc . Being one of the most beautiful countries during the period of the year. More Information on Egypt, Ismailia, and how to get to the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University from the Airport is available on our website http://www.scmsa.net/summerschool/.
Application and Further Information Use the online application form on our site http://www.scmsa.net/summerschool/ to submit your registration, then follow the onscreen instructions regarding payment. For more information contact Fady Aziz, SCMSA Summer School Coordinator at:
From: t. Date: 2001年1月2日(火) 1:23pm Subject: What's a good score?
Hi there
I just got my score for Step 2, I passed and got 251. Does anyone know if that is a good result? What kind of percentile might that score be in? If anyone has any ideas I'd love to hear them. Feel free to ask questions if you want to too.
I'd just like to inform you about a brief guide with regards to our group, well it's more like an information really :)
In today's medscape (www.medscape.com) you can see a brief guide for the ECFMG Certification ie. the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG), the body that determines whether prospective students are equipped to enter American programs.
1. To collect active members: A. Organise a poll Ask for how many/ how frequently/ the member logs on/ reads/ replies messages. @. Poll on when the members are planning USMLE.
Learning process: 1. Set targets: Book lists Subkeect lists Task lists ( Modifiable on the fly) Then see how fast these can be achieved. Set REALISTIC Targets, else desponsdence is the result.
Then Revise frequently and often, so that we don't forget what we learn as a group.
This is reg two points: 1. Medschool.com, I believe, is the mutimed teaching venture by Dr Vikas Bhushan & Co. HE is the person behind the "first aid for the boards Series"- now in it's tenth edition, and also "High yield" books.
The first Aid books are quite widely used, though I can't really testify as to the subject content right now, for the simple reason- yet to read it in full.
2. Other widely reccom. books are Appleton - Lange review, one for each step and NMS Step I, II review books (Quite lengthy explanations in the latter)
3. One point all these book- fellows make out is starting early... Which brings us to how early can you wrtie? Indian Curriculum:First One Yr: Anat (Incl. Neuro anat, Embryol, Histo) and Physil , BIochemistry. Next 1 1/2 yrs: PAthology, Pharmacology and Microbiol, PLUS Clinical Studies, NExt 1 1/2 yrs: Medical Law, Social Med, all Clinicals subjects Plus one yr. internship. By this pattern at the end of the first two- and half yrs, (provided you get pass cert.s in these subjects, you are eligible to appear for Step I.
So writing it fast makes sense, before you forget all those basis "Basics" and have to relearn them!
4. Now I believe even after a pass in Step I, CSA can be attempted at Phil. (If I'm wrong,pleas correct me) and hence attempting it in your final year/ soon after may be a good idea as you're well up in all subjects and not just a single specialty,
>505 NYエスコートサービス Princess Escort 212-268-5755(日本語可) Blue Escort Service 212-868-1004(日本語可) Metro Asian Excort 212-406-5050 Asian Girls 212-366-6747/6773(出張) Japan Express 69 212-477-9460(出張または来店、日本語可)
I have not taken the USMLE, and have not decided when to take it. I have also not started to specifically prepare for it.
But from what I found out, USMLE tends to examine clinically relevant material in Step 1 (basic medical sciences). This matches what my medical school has been preparing us in our curriculum, which attempts to introduce us with clinical problems and scenarios early in the course, i.e. as we are taught the basic sciences during our pre-clinical (the first two) years.
Hmm... let me think of an example to illustrate:
When we were studying the anatomy of the mediastinum (in the first year), we did it together with physiology and biochemistry pertaining to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Also, some important clinical problems are highlighted - we need to know what type of problems the patients will present with, say, if they have a tumour, e.g. bronchial carcinoma. This includes why they may develop hoarseness in their voice - particularly if it's a left-sided tumour. We need to know that the recurrent laryngeal nerve is the only nerve supplying the abductor muscles of the vocal cords, and it may be compressed by the tumour and hence, a nerve palsy occurs, resulting in voice hoarseness, a clinical sign. As you know, the left recurrent laryngeal nerve extends further down into the mediastinum than the right, hence the relevance of a left-sided bronchial CA! Another question could be: what other possible problems within the mediastinum can a patient with voice hoarseness have? The answer would require knowing the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, left and right, within the thoracic cavity, what structures it is related to, etc...
If the tumour is, say, in the apical region (Pancoast tumour), then the patient may develop Horner's Syndrome - this was introduced in our second year, when we were doing Neurosciences, which is an integrated module on neuroanatomy and physiology. By that time, we have done all the other systems of the body, so it was also a time to integrate all the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry while acquiring new knowledge in neurology.
The above would help in Step 1 which tends to word the questions in a clinical context.
(Looking for signs of Horner's Syndrome in the respiratory examination of a patient is relevant for the Step 2, 3 and CSA exam!)
It is interesting to learn basic medical sciences in our way because we can see the relevance of having to memorise all the hard and dry facts of anatomy, physiology and biochemistry; the clinical context aids recall as well. However, it can also be quite overwhelming so early on in the medical course because of the amount of integration of knowledge and skills that we have to do...
I think the US medical schools take the same approach, hence the students are expected to be able to pass Step 1 after their first two years of medical school.
Is your course like this? I do not know exactly what you mean by a "traditional mode of medical education" of your medical school in Taiwan. You may find that your school does already take the same approach as mine and so, you are quite well prepared for USMLE without very much special preparation. Please clarify.
Well, I have been on the group for a while now, and unfortunately I have not participated much. Just to let you know who I am, I am a foreign medical graduate form Anahuac University in Mexico City. I am currently doing my social service which is a year-long of free service to the community before receiving my medical diploma. Right now I am studying for the USMLE step 1. I hope to have USMLE step 1 and 2 as well as the CSA before November to apply for a residency position for 2002 in surgery.
Well, I thought I would let everyone know of some links that I have found to be very helpful. Some of these are recaps from previously posted links.
I have ever heard of Anahuac University in Mexico City. I know George Hopkins University whichi is a medical school. So you are a foreign medical student. How long do you live in Mexico City? Which country are you from? Your english is perfect.
You have not yet received your medical diploma. Does every medical student have to have social service experience? By the way, have you been to Tiffana nearby San Diego California where I spent my high school life. I am planning to go there on July. I was graduated from Washington State University with bachelor degree in economics. Washington State University is a famous for archtecture. Oh, I am sorry I have to go now. It was nice meeting you,bye bye.
whicii
746 :WOMEN's HEALTH WORKSHOP 5-8 September, 2001 :2001/06/06(水) 12:07
Egypt Dear Colleagues, It is a privilege to present you in a scientific program, which has been carefully structured to cover wide topics in women's health and the recent problems and lines of management.The topics of the scientific program are planed to cover the main themes of the conference on guest lectures, case study presentation,small group discussion and posters. We believe it will be an excellent opportunity for the exchange of knowledge and information with experts in women's health field all around the world. A very attractive social program will include the opening ceremony on Wednesday September 5th, tour in Greater Cairo to visit the Pyramids, Sphinx, National Museum and Old Cairo, Gala dinner on Friday September, 7th with many surprises free for all registrtrants and accompanying persons and tour in Ismailia City for the historic and military areas. Through this program we will make the conference interesting and enjoyable. We do hope that lectures and discussions of the conference will provide new insights and helpful approach to diagnosis and therapy. GENERAL OBJECTIVES 1- Hazards arising during pregnancy, labor and puerperium. 2-High risk pregnancy 3-Preconception care 4-Family planning service 5-Genital mutation and its problems 6-Breast cancer and its management 7-Common problems in menopause and elderly. 8-Causes and results of abortion. 9-Rights of women in the community. 10-Psychological changes during adolescence. 11-Management of female abuse. 12-Female fitness. FORMAT 1- Small group discussions. 2- Large group discussion. 3- Lectures 4- Case study presentation LANGUAGE; The official language of the meeting is English. VENUE Most of the activities will be carried out at Youth Housing (3 Star) Ismailia, Egypt, Ismailia is a coastal city located 120 km north-east of Cairo on the shore of Suez Canal. This city has gained its importance from its excellent geographical situation, mild climate, and beautiful beaches. ABSTRACTS; The abstracts must include aim. Methods, results, conclusion and should be not exceed 300 words. Since the abstracts will be printed in the abstract book they may be edited in order to maintain a uniform style. REGISTRATION FEES; 110 $US
The fees include; Attending sessions, workshop printed material, daily lunch, coffee breaks, dinner and accommodation in 3 stars youth hostel * Applicants are advised to contact SCMSA website. POSTER PRESENTATION A special room will be prepared for poster display.
TECHNICAL DATA Data show projectors, slide projectors and overhead projectors are going to be provided for the presenters. Poster stands are available.
CERTIFICATE Certificates for attendance for registered participants are requested from the conference secretariat. INFORMATION DESK The information desk well furnish all the information and arrangement for the sessions and social events. PRINTS All lectures and presentations will be copied and distributed through the coordination committee. CORRESPONDENCE Address: Suez Canal Medical Students' Association (SCMSA)
Dear Friends,, Afte finishing my USMLE..I just found that I have a CD that containss: 1.Kaplan Step 1 & Kaplan Step 2 simulated 1000 MCQ with explanations 2.Kaplan practice questions CD for step 1 : 850 MCQ with explanations 3.NMS Step 1 & Step 2 : 2000 Q&A 4.Appleton & Lange ALERT Step 1 & Step 2 :2000 Q&A explanations 5.Board Simulator Series ( BSS )step1 : 850 a&A explanations
All of this in 1 CD. Price that CD has the best combination of the all the ecxellent MCQ for step 1& 2 that you can find it is worth 400$ .The programs
are from 1999-2000. over 6000 Q&A with explanations.interactive .customizable Trust me to pass USMLE you need to practice MCQs as much as you can, I did not need to take prep courses, now I want to sell it for the same price that
From: j.r.oppenheimer@w... Date: 2001年5月7日(月) 2:49pm Subject: Re: [global-usmle] hi
Hi Shareef, I am doing review of step 1. I am so concerned I will not get a good grade. When did you take step1? can you tell me your impressions? was it difficult? what subjects were most stressed? any techniques that I should learn? Where did you take it? was it in the computer? how long have you graduated from medical school? I have done my medical school back in 1986 and I have not practiced medicine since 1994, that is why I am so concerned. And I am studying on my own. I got my MPH from Boston University in 1995. You are right we can't study together/ but if you have any questions that you want to discuss please feel free to email me. Anything that I do will help me too. I am also attending weekly grand-rounds here at Corneil University, so it helps bring materials back to the front of my mind, and some of them even touched materials for step1 too.
From: Ngee.Lek@n... Date: 2001年5月8日(火) 8:07am Subject: Re: [global-usmle] hi
Hi Ana,
Although you have not been practising medicine since 1994, you are currently attending weekly grand-rounds at Cornell. That should be very useful experience and preparation for the USMLE. I am sure that members in this mailing group would love to hear from you the cases that you have encountered in your rounds and discuss them in this group. So, could you please set the ball rolling... I'm all ears!
Cheers, Ngee _/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/ _/ _/ _/ Ngee LEK * Medical Student (Stage 4 MBBS - 2001/2002) _/ _/ Email * ngee.lek@n... _/ _/ HomePage * http://www.students.ncl.ac.uk/ngee.lek _/ _/ University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom _/ _/
Thank you for your words of encouragment. It has been interesting indeed. My last round was on the resurgence of TB in the world, particularly in the US, Russia, Southeast Asia and Latin America. In the US the incidence of cases of MDR TB (multidrug resistance tuberculosis) has been growing since 2 decades ago and a lot of federal money has been put aside to fight it. In Russia the resources are not so available and the prisons are crowded with MDR TB that is highly infectious. These people are released (about 3 million a year) to the society without proper follow-up and are like "time bombs" waiting to explode. To add to the problem is the AIDS epidemics. The WB has 150 million dollars in aid to fight TB but they also require that the Russians use the DOTS approach. The Russians don't agree with that approach and so, may not take the money. They consider that it is one of the ways western countries have to get control over their country (This issue made headlines in the NY Times some days ago). So most of the lecture was actually political, nevertheless interesting.
There was a little review on how multi-drug resistance appears and of course stress on the multiple-drug therapy, that many physicians either don't know or choose not to use at the risk of their patients health and the spread of the disease. This is happening also in India, Latin America and Africa. Some schools in developed countries don't even teach TB anymore like it is a disease of the past when is actually very current. Interesting points: -DOT- direct observed therapy -DOTS - direct observed therapy and surveillance as proposed by WHO -medical and public health program are considered "social" programs and as so subjected to budget cuts. They should be considered DEFENSE programs where budgets are almost untouchable everywhere.
Other themes of past grand-rounds: -Bloom Disease -Super-Antigens -Diagnosis of Venous Trombo-embolism -Diagnosis of Small Airways Disease
Would be interesting that you guys also shared what is going on "medically" on your universities. Study hard!
hi i took my step1 in india in sep last year and it was a computer based test.well the test is easy if u know ur basics,many people try to study too much and forget the basics.lets just take an example people study too much about MERAS and MELAS (mtochondrial disordres) not caring about the basics of inheritance characteristics,most of the time u will get the pedigree chart and ask to identify the type of inhereritance.one should know more abot desease prevalent in USA like cystic fibrosis rather desase prevalent in one own ares like malaria which i studied very much cos cos its prevalent in india.Immunology is very imp esp the primary and secondary autoimmune desaese part.combined appraoch shud be adopted for micro,pharma,patho,physio,cos the questiom may give the pathology and ask the normal physiology or the drug required to treat the desaese or the complication of the drug most likely used to treat the condition. people try to study too much genetics,yes genetics is very important but studying the whole nms and not touching the patho genetics or the protien systheisis part and other gentic part in bio is foolishness.dont go too too deep in nms genetics, stdy wat auto dominant means auotsomal reccessive means,wat is reduced penetrance and variable expression means ,study the common deseases like MARFANS syndrome sickle cell anmeia gauchers des taysachs des niemann pick des homocystenniuria(ESp the diffrence between this des and marfans) hunters and hurlers lycshnyhan synd mitochondrial disorders(inheritance) dna repair disorders like xeroderma pigmentosum etc) genetic cancer syndromes etc
physi study endochrinolgy very well esp the mode of action of all haromes r imp(CyAMP,ip3 and ca+3 mechanism,tyrisine kinase etc) insulin and igf have the same mchanism of action.ha dont know wat to say now.just ask me about any particular topic and subject and exactly wat u wanna know about the subject iam moost willing to help u.bye
Thank you for sharing your last round with me and the group!
You brought up an important topic - yes, TB is back, and back in a big way. Like you said, it is no longer a problem confined to the developing world. This is due to various factors, including increased global movement of people, air travel and HIV. Basically, HIV + TB is bad news for the patient. You also mentioned "simple" measures to combat MDR - DOT/DOTS. The problem is that people in the West find DOT difficult to accept because they violate patients' autonomy and human rights, and that they are also not easy to implement in the developing world because of resource limitations. Tackling TB will demand worldwide cooperation. As physicians, we can do our part by keeping high level of clinical suspicion and consider the possibility of TB in our differentials. It is too often missed because we fail to do that (so I was told... in my medical school, it is repeatedly emphasised).
For exams-oriented people in the group, I am sure that knowing TB well will pay dividends on the USMLE. We regularly get questions on TB in UK exams - both undergraduate and postgraduate ones.
The other themes also sounded very interesting to me, particularly super-antigens and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism!
I think TB is rather interesting too.. and the other subjects of your rounds as well..
In my country.. Thailand.. we also use DOTS too.. in some of the TB centers that can follow up their patients.. About DOT.. I think the observer doesn't have to be a medical personnel.. even the patient's relative can observe that the patient is taking his/her medications!!
I'd really love it if you'd kindly share more about your rounds.. they sounds really interesting!
> >For exams-oriented people in the group, I am sure that knowing TB > >well will pay dividends on the USMLE. We regularly get questions > >on TB in UK exams - both undergraduate and postgraduate ones. > > Would you describe those questions for us?
In clinical data interpretation/problem solving exams, case history of a patient is given. Questions are then asked about the differential diagnosis of TB, what investigations, what treatment, what prophylaxis for contacts, etc.
In one station of our clinical skills exam (an exam similar to the CSA), a patient presented with coughing out blood. We then have to take a history from him and make the differential diagnosis (it turned out to be TB).
In MCQs, literally anything about TB can be asked.
Hi All, I have one quesiton about "Gilbert's syndrome"
This disease's charactersitics is rising indeirect bilirubin. In "Oxford handbook of clinical medicine" it is said that a rise in bilirubin on fasting or after IV nicotinic acid can confirm the diagnosis.
I don't know a rise in bilirubin is related to fasting and IV niconic acid. so please tell me the reason.
IBS - Irritable Bowel Syndrome, otherwise called spastic colon, mucous colitis, nervous colon etc. Considered a psychological disease, because of its high incidence in women, multi-factorial causes and because it is hard to cure, getting the patient back to the doctor frequently
It is an irregularity of the serotonin mechanism. Clinical diagnosis based on the Rome II criteria of lower abdominal pain in the last 12 weeks (not consecutive) during the last 12 months associated at least to changes in the form and frequency of stools (from constipation to diarrhea or vice-versa) and bloating. Prevalence ranges from 15-25%, has been reported worldwide and in the US 70% are women between 15-34 years of age cause of 3x more absences to work/school, visits to the doctor and more surgical procedures than normal population. sometimes there is history of sexual or sexual abuse in the past Colon response to stress is exarcebated, gastrocolic reflex, urgency to pass stools, happens 20-50 minutes after a meal, with cramping and gas retention. Higher visceral sensitivity is due to distention, food or gas and is the cause of pain.
Serotonin 1- affects both the motility and visceral sensitivity of colon through 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors on the intestinal cells, causing peristalsis (stimulated by the bolus cause bowel contraction of the part above and distention of part below of the bowel) 2- travel to the medulla to the brain stem and limbic system (where it produces feelings of fear and anxiety 3- travel to thalamus to cerebral cortex - prefrontal activity
Diagnosis is symptomatic. Identify dominant symptom (constipation or diarrhea), consider differential diagnosis -( masses, occult blood on stool, fever, weight loss, old age, nocturnal awakenings, anemia, increased ESR, abnormal chemistry) ask for diagnostic exams sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, initiate treatment: mild disease: 1) education about disease, reassurance it is not leading to cancer 2) dietary modification -eliminate offending items moderate disease: 3) monitoring and modification - attentive to symptoms, severity, associated factors, emotional response and cognition 4) pharmacotherapy of gut symptoms - anti-spasmodics and antiflatulents (low efficacy) 5) psychological treatments- work well on the short term severe disease 6) set realistic goals - improvement not a cure 7) focus on health not on illness 8) antidepressant therapy - TCAs or SSRIs in very small doses to interrupt pain-gate response 9) referral for symptoms management when necessary psychologist, psychotherapist, pain control center
New drugs are waiting approval by the FDA, very specific, effective and with few side effects.
Gilbert's syndrome [Nicolas A. Gilbert, French physician, b. 1858] a benign, hereditary condition characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice. No treatment is required.
If I have this disease, I would turn yellow from time to time, and my mother will not get disturbed since my uncles also manifest the same thing. But to be sure, she will take me to a doctor, to rule out, if I have a viral infection or another disease. It is a challenge for doctors weather: to assure my mother that her son is OK, or test, or start treatment for a disease I don't have.
IV nicotinic acid is not the gold standard to diagnose this disease and elevated fasting indirect bilirubin can also be seen in other disease entities. genetic/enzymatic testing must be done.
See also hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn, which is more commonly seen in the clinics.
trivia:
niacin also known as nicotinic acid is WHAT a white, crystalline, water-soluble vitamin of the B complex group FUNCTION It functions as a coenzyme necessary for the breakdown and use of all major nutrients and is essential for a healthy skin, normal functioning of the GI tract, maintenance of the nervous system, and synthesis of the sex hormones. SOURCES It also may be effective in improving circulation and reducing high blood cholesterol levels. Rich dietary sources of both niacin and its precursor tryptophan are meats, poultry, fish, liver, kidney, eggs, nuts, peanut butter, brewer's yeast, and wheat germ. LACK OF THIS LEADS TO: Symptoms of deficiency include muscular weakness, general fatigue, loss of appetite, various skin eruptions, halitosis, stomatitis, insomnia, irritability, nausea, vomiting, recurring headaches, tender gums, tension, and depression.
Severe deficiency results in pellagra.
The vitamin is not stored in the body, and daily sources are needed.The recommended dietary allowance for adults is 15 to 20 NE (niacin equivalents) or mg of niacin.
Oh my god ! You guys are genius.I gave up . I belive you folks are medical students. My friend became lawyer. You should talk to her in english. Lawyer and doctor are good friend in USA. I now feel I am very stupid. Most Japanse can write and read well,but they can not speak english like native speaker. Can you speak like native speaker? If anyone can speak english like native speaker,let's talk in english at your hospital.
When I met a foreigner at your hospital,we talked about Japanese doctor. She does not like Japanse doctor because they do not explain about medicine and look down patient. Patients and doctors must be equal. You docotors can not make a life,if there were no patient. Doctors should admire patients in the way. Patients are not so stupid as you guys think.
Eric Claptonは、現在行なわれているワールドツアーが最後のツアーになるだろうとの声明を発表した。しかし、こうした宣言を行なったスターは彼だけではない。Ozzy OsbourneやWhoは覚えていられないほど何度も「引退」を表明している。
おそらくClaptonと最も最近コンタクトをとったのは、CreamでClaptonの相棒だったシンガー/べーシストのJack Bruceだ。2人は再びチームを組み、Bruceの次期アルバム『Shadows In The Air』でCreamの“Sunshine Of Your Love”と“White Room”のニューヴァージョンを演奏している。BruceはClaptonの引退声明について次のように語る。 「うん、あり得ると思う。つまり、現実を受け止めようってこと。Ericには、脱帽するよ。彼は長い間すごくハードに働いてきたんだ。多くの人々に、ものすごい量の喜びを与えてきた。少し休んだことがあったかもしれないけど、このワールドツアーが始まる前、彼はずっと前に、もう2度としないって言っていたんだ」「年を取ると、やめるのが難しくなってくると思う。だって、もしやめたら、“これから何をすればいいんだ”ってことになるだろ?」
Philippine Rebels Claim Have Killed U.S. Hostage (Reuters) - Muslim rebels in the Philippines claimed on Tuesday they had executed one of the three Americans they hold captive. The military said it was unable to verify the claim. ``We have executed Guillermo Sobero as a gift to the country on independence day,'' Abu Sabaya, a spokesman for the Abu Sayyaf rebels, said in a call to the RMN radio station.
ISABELA, Philippines (Reuters) - Muslim rebels in the southern Philippines called off their threat to behead three U.S. hostages on Monday but seized some 50 new hostages, most of them children, in a raid on a village, officials said.
The Abu Sayyaf rebels announced they had postponed the threatened executions after the government backed down and agreed to let a Malaysian politician negotiate with the guerrillas.
But just before the announcement, gunmen from the same group swooped on a village on southern Basilan island and grabbed the children, local government officials said. The military said it was verifying accounts of the raid.
The rebels also threatened to launch wider attacks not only on Basilan but on the main southern island of Mindanao, including Zamboanga, a largely Christian city.
The Abu Sayyaf rebels, based on Basilan, had threatened to kill the Americans at noon if Sairin Karno, a former Malaysian senator, was not allowed to negotiate with them.
Minutes before noon, the government announced it was accepting the rebels' demand.
``If what they are saying is true, that they will contact the Malaysian government and Sairin will come in and they will cease military operations here, then I can assure them that we will postpone the beheading,'' said Abu Sabaya, a spokesman for the Abu Sayyaf rebels, in a call to RMN radio shortly after noon.
Earlier, chief government spokesman Rigoberto Tiglao told reporters: ``If Karno Sairin can help, we have no objection... We want to solve this crisis in any manner. We are agreeing if the Malaysian government has no objection.''
``We will do everything we can to save these innocent victims,'' Tiglao said. ``We would like to ask the Abu Sayyaf to have pity on these innocent people.''
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (news - web sites) had previously rejected the entry of any foreign negotiator in what she said was an internal Philippine problem.
She has also ordered thousands of troops to hunt down the 100-member kidnap gang and rescue their hostages -- three Americans and 10 Filipinos -- held in the jungles of Basilan.
Timothy McVeigh Put to Death . (AP) - Offering no trace of remorse, Timothy McVeigh went to his death Monday with the same flinty look he showed the world when he was first arrested for killing 168 people in the bombing of the Oklahoma City federal building. McVeigh received a chemical injection from the government he despised, and was pronounced dead at 8:14 a.m. EDT, becoming the first federal prisoner executed in 38 years. He died silently, with his eyes open.
Execution Generates Web Discussion By ANICK JESDANUN, AP Internet Writer
NEW YORK (AP) - Traffic was heavy Monday at mainstream Internet sites with discussions - heated but civil - about Timothy McVeigh (news - web sites)'s execution.
America Online and MSNBC.com said online chat focused largely on topics like the death penalty. The major online services have policies against offensive remarks, but they reported nothing unusual.
Edna Johnson, a spokeswoman for CNN's site, said messages reaching that site represented ``a cross section of opinions and ideas that were generally civilized.''
Joan Connell, MSNBC's executive producer for opinions and communities, said the site had ``not seen any kind of concerted effort by militia groups or extremist groups to penetrate'' the mainstream forums.
MSNBC reported four or five times the normal volume at its interactive forums. America Online said its users posted more than 50,000 messages on McVeigh, more than three times the daily average.
Remarks glorifying McVeigh were limited primarily to discussion boards and e-mail lists run by hate groups.
Marilyn Mayo, associate director of fact-finding for the Anti-Defamation League, said white supremacists largely praised McVeigh as a challenger to a government that they believe is controlled by Jews.
``He's going to be remembered as a martyr,'' she said.
But other extremist forums, the ones frequented by militia groups, were less supportive of McVeigh even though they agreed with his anti-government stance. Mayo said those groups tended to view McVeigh's choice of target as harmful to their cause.
At least one hate site glorified McVeigh on its home page, declaring ``Timothy James McVeigh Day.''
By D. IAN HOPPER, AP Technology Writer WASHINGTON (AP) - After a four-minute glitch preparing the video link between Indiana and Oklahoma, the families of the victims of the Oklahoma City bombing viewed an encrypted signal of Timothy McVeigh (news - web sites)'s execution Monday morning.
The FBI (news - web sites) said it had no reports of attempts to pirate the signal. As of Monday afternoon, hacker groups and several online militia Web sites were silent on the execution.
Officials from the Justice Department (news - web sites), FBI and Bureau of Prisons have been secretive about how they would make sure the videoconference was secure, and several computer security experts have said it would not be out of the question for a hacker to splice into the video feed and decrypt the signal.
``If you hack it and store that feed, you don't have to do it right away. You could do it in a week, a month, a year, or 10 years. In 10 years, who knows what the force of the attacks might be,'' said Mark Rasch, a former Justice Department computer crimes prosecutor. ``It would be difficult, but not impossible.''
McVeigh was convicted of the April 1995 bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City that left 168 people dead, including 19 children. He was put to death by lethal injection.
At 8:02 a.m. EDT Monday, the relatives in Oklahoma City could not see the gurney where McVeigh would be put to death.
``Having a little trouble with the video, just like I said, OK?'' an official said. By 8:06 a.m., the audio and video connections worked. McVeigh was pronounced dead at 8:14.
The experts were less concerned about signal-splicing than someone sneaking a camera or digital camcorder into either the Terre Haute, Ind., or Oklahoma City viewing areas.
``The real point at which you're going to corrupt the system is by getting somebody at the reception point,'' Rasch said.
Jim Cross, a spokesman at the Indiana prison where McVeigh was executed, said all the witnesses - from McVeigh's lawyers to media representatives - were searched prior to entering the viewing rooms.
The spokesman for the Federal Transfer Center in Oklahoma City, where relatives of the victims watched, could not be reached for comment. Observers there said they were told that cellular phones and purses were not allowed in the building, and some of them - but not all - were checked with a handheld metal detector.
If the execution was recorded, either by a hacker, witness, or prison worker, it might show up in the news media. In May, the Supreme Court decided that the First Amendment permitted a radio host to play an illegally taped phone call, since the host did not actually intercept the call.
Rasch said if that decision was applied to the McVeigh execution, it could allow a television network - or almost anyone else - to broadcast McVeigh's death.
``In the Internet age, what is a news outlet and who is a journalist? If I'm a hacker and I put it out on the Web, and I didn't steal it, why am I not entitled to the same protections?'' Rasch said. ``In all likelihood, I would be.''
Some execution photographs have become public. In 1928, a New York newspaper photographer used a miniature camera to photograph a woman as she was being executed in the electric chair. The photo was on the cover of the New York Daily News the next day and is still preserved on the Internet.
OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) - Bombing survivors and relatives who watched the closed-circuit telecast of Timothy McVeigh (news - web sites)'s execution said he stared into the camera almost as if he was glaring at them. It was like ``the face of evil,'' some said.
The telecast of Monday's execution was shown to 232 survivors and family members at the Federal Transfer Center, where a wide-screen television and smaller sets were set up.
In the death chamber at the federal prison in Terre Haute, Ind., the camera was installed overhead, and before his death McVeigh stared straight up, seeming to concentrate on it.
Watching 620 miles away in Oklahoma City, Larry Whicher, whose 40-year-old brother, Alan, was killed, thought ``the stare said volumes.''
``I think Alan would be pleased, not with the death of Timothy McVeigh but at the toughness and fairness that this nation has shown as a whole,'' Whicher said.
``I think I did see the face of evil today,'' said Kathy Wilburn, who grandsons Chase Smith, 3, and brother Colton, 2, died in the April 19, 1995, bombing.
McVeigh and the Death Penalty Debate Two death penalty proponents, two opponents and pollster Andrew Kohut examine what McVeigh's execution means for the future of capital punishment. (6/11/01)
RealAudio: Kwame Holman recounts the McVeigh execution. (6/11/01) Betty Ann Bowser reports from Oklahoma City with reaction to McVeigh's death. (6/11/01)
RealAudio: Reaction to the execution from... Members of the media pool who witnessed the execution President Bush Robert Nigh, McVeigh lawyer Bombing survivors and victims' relatives who witnessed the execution
Update: Timothy McVeigh dies by lethal injection in the first federal execution since 1963. (6/11/01)
Witness to an Execution How far should the U.S. government go in allowing access to the execution of convicted Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh? (4/12/01)
Healing the Pain The dedication of a national monument marks the fifth anniversary of the Oklahoma City bombing. (4/19/00)
Sentenced to Die A jury in Denver sentences Timothy McVeigh to death for the Oklahoma City bombing. (6/13/97)
Child soldier report condemns Britain By Mike Collett-White
LONDON (Reuters) - Hundreds of thousands of children, some only seven, are fighting in conflicts around the world and Britain is one of the countries that sends troops into battle under the age of 18, a report says.
Tuesday's survey by the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers found that over 300,000 children under 18 were fighting for government forces or opposition groups at any one time.
While most child soldiers are aged between 15 and 18, the youngest recorded in the Child Soldiers Global Report is seven.
"Often children are recruited because of their very qualities as children -- they can be cheap, expendable and easier to condition into fearless killing and unthinking obedience," said the report, which was released in London.
Coalition spokeswoman Judith Arenas told reporters in Johannesburg that since the coalition's first survey on the problem two years ago, the number of countries using children in conflicts had risen to 41 from 31.
Over 300 children died on the battlefield in 1999 and 2000 but Arenas said the figure could be higher as there was no reliable documentation of child casualties.
Timothy McVeigh Put to Death . (AP) - Offering no trace of remorse, Timothy McVeigh went to his death Monday with the same flinty look he showed the world when he was first arrested for killing 168 people in the bombing of the Oklahoma City federal building. McVeigh received a chemical injection from the government he despised, and was pronounced dead at 8:14 a.m. EDT, becoming the first federal prisoner executed in 38 years. He died silently, with his eyes open.
Bush to visit Britain in July - No 10 LONDON (Reuters) - U.S. President George W. Bush will visit Britain in July on his way to an international economic summit in Genoa, Italy, Downing Street says.
"Prime Minister Tony Blair is delighted that President George Bush has accepted his invitation to visit the United Kingdom next month on his way to the Genoa G-8 (Group of Eight) summit," a No 10 spokeswoman said. The summit of eight major industrial nations will be held in Genoa from July 20-22.
The American president already had indicated to European journalists that he intended to visit Britain next month. "I am going to be visiting Chequers in my next trip over," he told them, referring to Blair's official country residence.
Bush is currently on his first official trip to Europe as U.S. president, but skipped over Britain and other main allies to go to Spain, Belgium, Sweden, Poland and Slovenia.
Blair met Bush in Washington in February, when they held talks at Bush's Camp David presidential retreat in Maryland.
466, 600, 733MHz のPPC 750CX/CXe G3 processors 現在の PowerMac と同じ 133MHz main bus とPC-133 SDRAM 16MB nVIDIA GeForce 2MX accelerator , 4X AGP bus 半田付けされている。 14-inch flat panel display (remember, the existing iMac's 15-inch CRT only has a 13.8-inch viewable area, so this will actually be a size increase) with 1024x768 resolution Entry-level model will include CD-ROM, mid-range a CD-RW, and high-end a combo CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive. Updated Harmon Kardon Odyssey sound system. Functionality should be similar; styling is reported to be similar to Apple's Pro Speakers. Same 10, 20, and 40GB ATA-66 hard drives as present models with some chance of minor size increases (16, 32, and 48GB versions have been suggested on the grapevine, but are unconfirmed). Entry-level models will move to 128MB of PC-133 SDRAM standard; the Special Edition will include 192MB, possibly even 256MB. This, of course, is to provide optimum performance under Mac OS X.
Single Dose of Drug Prevents Lyme Disease: Study (Reuters) - Scientists have discovered that people who have been bitten by a tick may be able to avoid getting Lyme disease if they take a single dose of an antibiotic. ``Our study shows that Lyme disease can effectively be prevented with a single dose of doxycycline,'' lead author Dr. Robert B. Nadelman, of New York Medical College in Valhalla, told Reuters Health in an interview.
Cover My Pills: Fair Access to Contraception Project - offers information, strategies, and resources for getting private health insurance plans to include coverage for contraceptives. - Body Basics: Birth Control - includes a birth control quiz to test your knowlegeability, a looks at different forms of contraception, information on STDs, and more. From ChickClick. - Contraceptive Guide - up-to-date guide to contraception available today. Created and maintained by Mary Jane Bovo, M.D. - Planned Parenthood: Birth Control - includes an overview of contraceptive choices, and information on the Pill. - Ann Rose's Ultimate Birth Control Links - provides extensive information for individuals of all ages to make informed decisions about sexual activity and potential childbearing.
Vitamin C Found to Promote Cancer-Causing Agents (Reuters) - Vitamin C, an essential nutrient found in fruits and vegetables and taken in large doses by man y people as a dietary supplement, is a double-edged sw ord, providing benefits but also inducing the productio n of compounds associated with cancer, researchers said on Thursday.
Vitamin C Can Damage DNA, Study Shows - Reuters (Jun 14, 2001) - Lab Study Finds Vitamin C Dangers - AP (Jun 14, 2001) - Vitamin C Found to Promote Cancer-Causing Agents - Reuters (Jun 14, 2001) - Cord cells are found to fight leukemia - Boston Globe (Jun 14, 2001) - FDA: Thumbs Down on Cancer Drug - AP (Jun 13, 2001) - Clinton Holds Cancer Hearing - Newsday (Jun 12, 2001) - Quest Goes on for All-Round Platinum Cancer Drug - Reuters (Jun 12, 2001) - St. John, U-M ally to fight cancer - Detroit Free Press (Jun 12, 2001) - Some Terminally Ill Parents Avoid Custody Planning - Reuters (Jun 12, 2001) - Enzon Leukemia Drug Fails to Meet Goal - Reuters (Jun 11, 2001) - Despite Progress, War on Cancer in U.S. Is Not Won - Reuters (Jun 9, 2001)
CancerNet - information for patients, professionals, and the public. From the National Cancer Institute. - Foods for Cancer Prevention - a look at diet and nutrition, and how they may be related to cancer. From the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. - oncology.com - access the latest news and meet a cancer friend in online discussion and chat areas. - Kicking the Habit for Good - a look at smoking, the most common cause of lung cancer. Features a multimedia presentation of how smoking causes cancer. From MSNBC. - How Cancer Works - provides an overview of cancer, including the casues, treatments, and side effects of the treatments. From How Stuff Works. - American Cancer Society - includes an overviews of different types of cancer, information on research, statistics, and more. - Cancer & Tumor Information Site - extensive links on where to find information about cancers & tumors. - CNN In-Depth Health: Cancer - news and information. - OncoLink - from the University of Pennsylvania. - Cancer Care - discussion and links from the Mining Company. - Cancer Treatment Studies - Clinical Trials - information about clinical trials, what they are, and how to find one. - Checklist of Cancer Treatments - various treatments and how they work. From Time Magazine. - Colorectal Cancer - information about the major screening options for colorectal cancer from the MayoClinic. - Colorectal Cancer: Myths, Facts, and Possibilities - report from the American Council on Science and Health. - Today Show: Confronting Colon Cancer - information on early detection, who's at risk, prevention and treatment.
Homer Simpson's Phrase in Dictionary (AP) - Homer Simpson with an English accent? Don't laugh - the beer-guzzling cartoon dad has hit the literary big-time. His favorite phrase has made it into the erudite Oxford English Dictionary.
- 'Doh!' In Dictionary - Zap2it.com (Jun 14, 2001) - "Survivor" Pig-Slayer Peppered - E! Online/Yahoo! News (Jun 14, 2001) - Homer Simpson's Phrase in Dictionary - AP (Jun 14, 2001) - Fan Site Applies NCAA Bracket to 'Simpsons' - Zap2it.com (Jun 6, 2001) - 'Simpsons' Monopoly Game Passes Go - CNN (Dec 20, 2000) - TV studio taps Net for "The Simpsons" show promotion - CNET (Dec 1, 2000) - 'Simpsons' and Beyond - LA Times (Nov 30, 2000) - The Simpsons Mayor Quimby Wants Your Vote - Entertainment Weekly (Nov 7, 2000) - The Who, 'N Sync, and Beck will rock "The Simpsons" and "Futurama" - Entertainment Weekly (Nov 3, 2000) - 'Simpsons' Fanfest Attracts International Set - LA Times (Oct 31, 2000)
Cover My Pills: Fair Access to Contraception Project - offers information, strategies, and resources for getting private health insurance plans to include coverage for contraceptives. - Body Basics: Birth Control - includes a birth control quiz to test your knowlegeability, a looks at different forms of contraception, information on STDs, and more. From ChickClick. - Contraceptive Guide - up-to-date guide to contraception available today. Created and maintained by Mary Jane Bovo, M.D. - Planned Parenthood: Birth Control - includes an overview of contraceptive choices, and information on the Pill. - Ann Rose's Ultimate Birth Control Links - provides extensive information for individuals of all ages to make informed decisions about sexual activity and potential childbearing.
起動チェック (初期不良がないかどうかを確認) 初期設定 (アシスタントにしたがって設定) 終了してバッテリ,電源アダプタを外す 増設メモリ,AIrMacカードの取り付け 時刻を再設定 ソフトウェア・アップデートの実行 QuickTimeのアップデートの実行 ATOK14のインストール Mac OS Xに切り替えて起動 Mac OS X上でソフトウェア・アップデートの実行 (Internet Explorerがアップデートされる) ATOK 14 for Mac OS Xのインストール Mac OS 9に戻ってOffice mac:2001のインストール Office mac:2001 Service Release 1のダウンロードとインストール Adobe Photoshop 6.0のインストールとオンラインアップデート ハードディスクもそれほど大きいわけではないので,ここから先は何をインストールすべきか悩みながらの作業となる。 (今回名指しで批判させていただくが) 長年バージョンアップを重ねていると,アドビ製品は以前のバージョンのソフトウェアがハードディスクにインストールされていることを要求したり,以前のバージョンのCD-ROMを要求する (最近は後者) 。ユーザー登録も旧製品のシリアル番号だと受け付けられずに不快な思いをさせられる。ほぼ1年に1回は税金のようにバージョンアップ料金を要求するのだから,もう少し長く使い続けるユーザーに配慮をしていただきたいものだ。Illustrator,Photoshop,Acrobat,Go Live……まだまだインストールはこれからだ。
- 'Doh!' In Dictionary - Zap2it.com (Jun 14, 2001) - "Survivor" Pig-Slayer Peppered - E! Online/Yahoo! News (Jun 14, 2001) - Homer Simpson's Phrase in Dictionary - AP (Jun 14, 2001) - Fan Site Applies NCAA Bracket to 'Simpsons' - Zap2it.com (Jun 6, 2001) - 'Simpsons' Monopoly Game Passes Go - CNN (Dec 20, 2000) - TV studio taps Net for "The Simpsons" show promotion - CNET (Dec 1, 2000) - 'Simpsons' and Beyond - LA Times (Nov 30, 2000) - The Simpsons Mayor Quimby Wants Your Vote - Entertainment Weekly (Nov 7, 2000) - The Who, 'N Sync, and Beck will rock "The Simpsons" and "Futurama" - Entertainment Weekly (Nov 3, 2000) - 'Simpsons' Fanfest Attracts International Set - LA Times (Oct 31, 2000)
Vitamin C Found to Promote Cancer-Causing Agents (Reuters) - Vitamin C, an essential nutrient found in fruits and vegetables and taken in large doses by man y people as a dietary supplement, is a double-edged sw ord, providing benefits but also inducing the productio n of compounds associated with cancer, researchers said on Thursday.
- 'Doh!' In Dictionary - Zap2it.com (Jun 14, 2001) - "Survivor" Pig-Slayer Peppered - E! Online/Yahoo! News (Jun 14, 2001) - Homer Simpson's Phrase in Dictionary - AP (Jun 14, 2001) - Fan Site Applies NCAA Bracket to 'Simpsons' - Zap2it.com (Jun 6, 2001) - 'Simpsons' Monopoly Game Passes Go - CNN (Dec 20, 2000) - TV studio taps Net for "The Simpsons" show promotion - CNET (Dec 1, 2000) - 'Simpsons' and Beyond - LA Times (Nov 30, 2000) - The Simpsons Mayor Quimby Wants Your Vote - Entertainment Weekly (Nov 7, 2000) - The Who, 'N Sync, and Beck will rock "The Simpsons" and "Futurama" - Entertainment Weekly (Nov 3, 2000) - 'Simpsons' Fanfest Attracts International Set - LA Times (Oct 31, 2000)
Vitamin C Can Damage DNA, Study Shows - Reuters (Jun 14, 2001) - Lab Study Finds Vitamin C Dangers - AP (Jun 14, 2001) - Vitamin C Found to Promote Cancer-Causing Agents - Reuters (Jun 14, 2001) - Cord cells are found to fight leukemia - Boston Globe (Jun 14, 2001) - FDA: Thumbs Down on Cancer Drug - AP (Jun 13, 2001) - Clinton Holds Cancer Hearing - Newsday (Jun 12, 2001) - Quest Goes on for All-Round Platinum Cancer Drug - Reuters (Jun 12, 2001) - St. John, U-M ally to fight cancer - Detroit Free Press (Jun 12, 2001) - Some Terminally Ill Parents Avoid Custody Planning - Reuters (Jun 12, 2001) - Enzon Leukemia Drug Fails to Meet Goal - Reuters (Jun 11, 2001) - Despite Progress, War on Cancer in U.S. Is Not Won - Reuters (Jun 9, 2001)
466, 600, 733MHz のPPC 750CX/CXe G3 processors 現在の PowerMac と同じ 133MHz main bus とPC-133 SDRAM 16MB nVIDIA GeForce 2MX accelerator , 4X AGP bus 半田付けされている。 14-inch flat panel display (remember, the existing iMac's 15-inch CRT only has a 13.8-inch viewable area, so this will actually be a size increase) with 1024x768 resolution Entry-level model will include CD-ROM, mid-range a CD-RW, and high-end a combo CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive. Updated Harmon Kardon Odyssey sound system. Functionality should be similar; styling is reported to be similar to Apple's Pro Speakers. Same 10, 20, and 40GB ATA-66 hard drives as present models with some chance of minor size increases (16, 32, and 48GB versions have been suggested on the grapevine, but are unconfirmed). Entry-level models will move to 128MB of PC-133 SDRAM standard; the Special Edition will include 192MB, possibly even 256MB. This, of course, is to provide optimum performance under Mac OS X.