Influenza A(H1N1) - update 40 27 May 2009 -- As of 06:00 GMT, 27 May 2009, 48 countries have officially reported 13,398 cases of influenza A(H1N1) infection, including 95 deaths.
The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases by country is given in the following table and map.
Interim Recommendations for Facemask and Respirator Use to Reduce Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Transmission May 27, 2009 6:30 PM ET(部分抜粋)
Facemasks and Respirators Recommendations for the uses of facemasks and/or respirators are listed in Table 1 below for different settings where a person may be exposed to novel H1N1 virus. These recommendations also differ based on whether the person exposed to novel H1N1 is in a group at increased risk for severe illness from influenza infection. More information on preventing influenza transmission in health care settings can be found in the Interim Guidance for Infection Control for Care of Patients with Confirmed or Suspected Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in a Healthcare Setting.
In community and home settings, the use of facemasks and respirators generally are not recommended. However, for certain circumstances as described in Table 1, a facemask or respirator may be considered, specifically for persons at increased risk of severe illness from influenza. 詳細は以下参照 ttp://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/masks.htm
CDC Prepares for Swine Flu Surge in Fall Swine Flu Still Hot in Northeast but Easing in Most of U.S. By Daniel J. DeNoon
WebMD Health NewsReviewed by Louise Chang, MDMay 26, 2009 - As the U.S. swine flu epidemic eases -- except in the Northeast -- the CDC is shifting i ts focus to preparing for a surge of cases when flu season returns in the fall.
The count of people who have been infected with the H1N1 swine flu continues to rise. Today's official count is 6,764 cases -- and that number should rise considerably as many state and local health departments did not report new cases over the Memorial Day holiday.
途中略 The WHO may decide to raise its caution level in ways less likely to sow the seeds of panic than a pandemic alert, Keiji Fukuda, MD, WHO interim assistant director-general for health security and environment, said today at a news conference.
29 May 2009 -- As of 06:00 GMT, 29 May 2009, 53 countries have officially reported 15,510 cases of influenza A(H1N1) infection, including 99 deaths. The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases by country is given in the following table.
CDCの統計にはPCRまでやった例だけでなく、probable caseも含まれている。 つまり、 A confirmed case 1.real-time RT-PCR 2.viral cultureにて診断したケースと A probable case of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection is defined as a person with an influenza-like-illness who is positive for influenza A, but negative for human H1 and H3 by influenza RT_PCR
A型陽性でかつ通常の季節性インフルエンザでないと診断できたものを A probable caseとして「新型インフル感染者」数に数えているから、絶対数が 絶対数が多く報告される。日本もこの基準で統計を出せば、そうとう「感染者数」 はふくれあがるんじゃないか?
Swine Flu: Learning From Past Pandemics New Flu Shares Features of Deadly Flu Pandemics By Daniel J. DeNoon WebMD Health NewsReviewed by Louise Chang, MDMay 8, 2009
It isn't a bad plan to prepare for the coming flu season, notes Carolyn Bridges, MD, of the CDC's epidemic intelligence service.
"In past pandemics with a novel flu strain, the initial outbreaks in the summer are generally milder," she said at a news conference. We expect we are likely to see some transmission over the summer, with the possibility that over the fall, when the weather turns cooler, we might see an increase in cases." But it isn't a good idea to take the current spring outbreak lightly. Simonsen notes that the second, more severe wave of the 1889 flu pandemic swept through London in the summer months. And the 1957 flu hit the U.S. in September while there was still summer weather.
"These pandemics violate one rule after another that we think we know about flu," Simonsen says.
2009influenza A (H1N1)について未知の部分が多く、さらに秋に予想させてい る第二波はさらに注意が必要だってことになる。
Avian influenza - situation in Egypt - update 18 1 June 2009 -- The Ministry of Health of Egypt has reported a new confirmed human case of avian influenza.
The case is a 14-month old girl from Dekernes District, Dkhalia Governorate. Her symptoms began on 25 May 2009. She was admitted to Mansoura Chest Hospital on 29 May where she received oseltamivir and is in a stable condition.
Investigations into the source of infection indicated that she had close contact with dead and sick poultry. The case was confirmed by the Egyptian Central Public Health Laboratories.
Of the 77 cases confirmed to date in Egypt, 27 have been fatal.
Influenza A(H1N1) - update 42 1 June 2009 -- As of 06:00 GMT, 1 June 2009, 62 countries have officially reported 17 410 cases of influenza A(H1N1) infection, including 115 deaths.
The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases by country is given in the following table and map.
Map of the spread of Influenza A(H1N1): number of laboratory confirmed cases and deaths [jpg 995kb] As of 06:00 GMT, 1 June 2009
Laboratory-confirmed cases of new influenza A(H1N1) as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005)
United States of America : Cumulative total 8975 Newly confirmed since the last reporting period 1048 Canada: Cumulative total 1336 Newly confirmed since the last reporting period 218
Lessons From Outbreaks of H1N1 Influenza. Stein RA. Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
A new H1N1 triple-reassortant "swine" influenza virus was recently described in individuals from the United States and Mexico who presented respiratory symptoms, and the same virus was subsequently confirmed in patients from several countries around the world. The circumstances surrounding the emergence of this pathogen, and the factors that facilitated the initial cross-species transmission, are still incompletely understood. It became apparent in the early days of the outbreak that the virus can be directly transmitted between humans. Pathogens that originate in animal reservoirs and subsequently acquire the potential for human-to-human transmission have caused outbreaks throughout human history. Although each outbreak is marked by its own particularities, it is important to remember the teachings that emerge from previous epidemics and pandemics. Integrating the important lessons of the past will provide the best opportunity to understand host-pathogen interaction and the most powerful approach to implement effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures. ordinalpos=26&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
いよいよWHOが「パンデミック宣言」を出しそうだ。面白いことに、感染が拡大し ている地域に日本が含まれている。2009influenza A (H1N1)の感染が落ち着きつつある という政府見解はなんなんだろうね。 インフルエンザの患者数自体は増えているから、この中に相当数の2009influenza A (H1N1)が隠れているんだろう。
WHO: World Closer to Swine Flu Pandemic World Health Organization Indicates Pandemic Alert Will Come With 'Moderate' Severity Warning By Daniel J. DeNoon WebMD Health NewsReviewed by Louise Chang, MD
"Globally we believe we are at phase 5 but getting closer to phase 6," Fukuda said today at a news conference. "It is clear the virus continues to spread internationally. There are a number of countries that appear to be in transition [to widespread infections at the community level]. These countries include the U.K., Spain, Japan, Chile, and also Australia."
"It is fair to call the situation moderate," Fukuda said. "We know this infection can be fatal in a number of individuals. This includes people who have some underlying medical conditions and it includes women who are pregnant -- but it also includes people who are perfectly healthy. So we do have some hesitation calling such an infection mild."
Fukuda noted that severity does not solely depend on the virulence of the virus.
"Severity is not just a quality of the virus and its ability to harm people, but a combination of that virulence and the vulnerability of populations -- how well off they are in terms of chronic conditions and poverty and malnourishment,"
Influenza A(H1N1) - update 43 3 June 2009 -- As of 06:00 GMT, 3 June 2009, 66 countries have officially reported 19,273 cases of influenza A(H1N1) infection, including 117 deaths.
The breakdown of the number of laboratory-confirmed cases by country is given in the following table and map.
Dear Sir or Madam Would you please provide your comments on this ethical concerns.
Ethical Concerns and an Influenza Pandemic Who will be first to receive the new H1N1 influenza A (swine flu) vaccine when it is ready? Who will get antiviral medication if supplies run low? Does the government have the right to restrict individual liberties to contain the spread of a flu virus? These are a few of the ethical questions that arise fast on the heels of an emerging influenza pandemic. For physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals (HCPs), the questions continue: ?How much personal risk am I expected to assume in caring for influenza patients? ?Should I risk bringing the influenza virus home to my children? ?Could I lose my job or my license if I refuse to take care of influenza patients? ?Will I have to work in unfamiliar areas or provide care for which I have not been trained? ?When is it OK to say no?
THURSDAY, June 4 (HealthDay News) -- In what would seem to be some encouraging news in the ongoing H1N1 swine flu outbreak, a leading federal health official said Thursday that samples of the virus from points around the globe are genetically identical to the strain found in the United States.
"We have tested isolates from a wide geographic area, from the Americas, Europe, from Asia and New Zealand and we are not seeing variations in isolates from the genetic testing we do here," Dr. Anne Schuchat, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's interim deputy director for science and public health program, said during a press conference.
That all countries intensify surveillance for unusual outbreaks of influenza-like illness and severe pneumonia. WHO: Third Meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services sent this bulletin on June 05, 2009 01:56 PM ttp://sharing.govdelivery.com/bulletins/GD/USHHS-79446
Influenza A(H1N1) - update 45 8 June 2009 -- As of 06:00 GMT, 8 June 2009, 73 countries have officially reported 25,288 cases of influenza A(H1N1) infection, including 139 deaths. アメリカ 感染者数 13217 うち死者 27 (新規感染者 2163名 あらたな死者10) ttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_06_08/en/index.html
158 :World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic:2009/06/12(金) 06:31:11 ID:zv77F37K0
Statement to the press by WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan 11 June 2009
2%が重症化特に30歳から50歳。慢性疾患、ハイリスク群が危険。 In some of these countries, around 2% of cases have developed severe illness, often with very rapid progression to life-threatening pneumonia.
Most cases of severe and fatal infections have been in adults between the ages of 30 and 50 years.This pattern is significantly different from t hat seen during epidemics of seasonal influenza, when most deaths occur in frail elderly people.
人の移動制限は引き続き勧告しない。 WHO continues to recommend no restrictions on travel and no border closures
"The virus is stable" and it looks very similar among countries, Dr. Chan said. "We need to continue to check this virus and monitor it. We should never forget...we still have H5N1 in phase 3 pandemic alert status, and this is the first time we have 2 viruses coexisting...it is an extremely unusual situation."
Influenza A(H1N1) - update 49 15 June 2009 -- As of 17:00 GMT, 15 June 2009, 76 countries have officially reported 35, 928 cases of influenza A(H1N1) infection, including 163 deaths. ttp://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_06_15/en/index.html
Summer Gives No Relief From Swine Flu CDC Says Northeastern States Have the Most Cases of H1N1 Swine Flu By Emma Hitt, PhD WebMD Health NewsReviewed by Louise Chang, MDJune 18, 2009 -- About 7% of the population in areas highly affected by H1N1 swine flu report influenza-like symptoms, a spokesperson for the CDC said during a news briefing today.
Daniel Jernigan, MD, MPH, deputy director of the Influenza Division at the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the CDC, provided an update about the H1N1 pandemic, stating that the U.S. will likely continue to have flu activity through this summer and probably until the start of the fall flu season.
1 Million Swine Flu Cases in U.S. CDC Says Vast Majority of Cases Were Mild,By Daniel J. DeNoon WebMD Health NewsReviewed by Louise Chang, MDJune 25, 2009 -- Over 1 million Americans have had swine flu, the CDC estimates. Half those cases have been in New York City.
The estimate, from a still-being-analyzed CDC study, was reported by CDC flu researcher Lyn Finelli, DrPH, at a meeting of the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
"Right now, we are estimating over 1 million cases in the U.S.," Finelli said.Most swine flu hospitalizations are among people with underlying medical conditions:
32% have asthma or chronic lung disease 16% have diabetes 10% are current smokers 7% are pregnant An analysis of 99 of the 127 U.S. residents who have died of swine flu shows that 87 of them suffered underlying conditions:
11% had asthma 24% had other lung diseases 13% had diabetes 11% were morbidly obese 34% were obese