It is an intoxicating moment in a love-affair when, for the first time, in a public place, in a restaurant or a theatre, the man puts his hand down and lays it on the thigh of the girl and when she slips her hand over his and presses the man's hand against her. The two gestures say everything that can be said. All is agreed. All the pacts are signed. And there is a long minute of silence during which the blood sings.
これは Ian Fleming の Diamonds Are Forever の一節。 俺はこれが気にいってアメリカ人の彼女に読んで聞かせたことがある。 この後は次の文章が続く。
It was eleven o’clock and there was-only a scattering of people left in the corners of the Veranda Grill, There was a soft sighing from the moonlit sea outside as the great liner scythed the black meadow of the Atlantic and, in the stern, only the slightest lope in her stride indicated a long soft swell, the slow, twelve-a-minute heart-beat of a sleeping ocean, to the two people sitting close together behind the pink-shaded light.
Hey, handsome boy over there! Wanna play? You sure can afford 50 bucks, huh? Take it off. Yes. Oh, gosh, you've got a real big one. It's definitely a beauty. Yes, come inside. How do you like my little twat? It should be juicy. You like it? Yes, move gentle. A little harder. A little faster. Yes, yes, yes, YES!!!!!
Naxos Audio presents Norwegian Wood (ノルウェイの森) ノーウィ−ジャン・ウッド by Haruki Murakami (村上春樹) Translated from the Japanese by Jay Rubin (ジェイ・ルービン) Read by John Chancer (ジョン・チャンサー) Unabridged, 11CDs, 13 hours 28 minutes and 21 seconds Audio Edition Publisher: Naxos Audiobooks, 2006/2/27 Published by Vintage Books, London, 2003 Page 382, Line 30 "I've lived a strange life," said Reiko, "but I never thought I'd have my panties removed for me by a man 19 years my junior." 奇妙な人生だったけど、まさか、19歳も年下の男にパンティを脱がされることになるとは思わなかったわ。
WASHINGTON ―In what was described as a major ramping up of sanctions, Secretary of State John Kerry announced on Tuesday that the United States had frozen Russian President Vladimir Putin’s Netflix account, effective immediately.
長いエッセイ、fear of a black presidentを読んだ。 このエッセイは今、atlanticの上級編集者やっている黒人が書いたなかでも有名なものだ。 黒人差別、白人優位の事件をものすごく書き連ねている。オバマが 黒人ゆえに、人種問題への言及が非常に少ないことに関しての思索は それなりに読める。だが、エッセイではほとんど唯一ほかの、あるアメリカの 政治的話題が登場する。そしてそれは、この編集者が白人優位のアメリカに 良い帰属意識を感じるという感情的な一節になっている。それはー「ビンラディンの 暗殺をみんなと同じように祝えてうれしい自分がいた」というもの。これは皮肉 ではないと思うのだが、私には非常に違和感を感じた。暗殺を指揮をしていたオバマも 黒人差別の歴史を糾弾したあとの癒やしとして暗殺したのではないだろうに。
The history of the Renaissance ends in France, and carries us away from Italy to the beautiful cities of the country of the Loire. But it was in France also, in a very important sense, that the Renaissance had begun; and French writers, who are so fond of connecting the creations of Italian genius with a French origin, who tell us how Francis of Assisi took not his name only, but all those notions of chivalry and romantic love which so deeply penetrated his thoughts, from a French source, how Boccaccio borrowed the outlines of his stories from the old French fabliaux, and how Dante himself expressly connects the origin of the art of miniature-painting with the city of Paris, have often dwelt on this notion of a Renaissance in the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century, a Renaissance within the limits of the middle age itself--a brilliant, but in part abortive effort to do for human life and the human mind what was afterwards done in the fifteenth.
>>184 は two sentences で成り立ってるけど、二つ目のセンテンスがこれ。 これは、あくまで一つのセンテンス。
But it was in France also, in a very important sense, that the Renaissance had begun; and French writers, who are so fond of connecting the creations of Italian genius with a French origin, who tell us how Francis of Assisi took not his name only, but all those notions of chivalry and romantic love which so deeply penetrated his thoughts, from a French source, how Boccaccio borrowed the outlines of his stories from the old French fabliaux, and how Dante himself expressly connects the origin of the art of miniature-painting with the city of Paris, have often dwelt on this notion of a Renaissance in the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century, a Renaissance within the limits of the middle age itself--a brilliant, but in part abortive effort to do for human life and the human mind what was afterwards done in the fifteenth.
>>178 この "The Renaissance" についての紹介文を読んでて、興味を持った。Oscar Wilde が 絶賛。"art for art's sake" っていう言葉を最初に提唱したのがこの著者 Walter Pater だったのかな?もしそうだとしたら、面白い。芥川龍之介も、おそらくは第一高等学校 時代に、学校の休み時間に読みふけってたんだろうなあ。
アマゾンの紹介文 Pater's graceful essays discuss the achievements of Botticelli, Leonardo, Michelangelo, and other artists. Included is his celebrated discussion of the Mona Lisa in a study of Da Vinci. This book concludes with an uncompromising advocacy of hedonism, urging readers to experience life as fully as possible. His cry of "art for art's sake" became the manifesto of the Aesthetic Movement, and his assessments of Renaissance art have influenced generations of readers. Oscar Wilde called this collection of essays the "holy writ of beauty." http://www.amazon.co.jp/The-Renaissance-Walter-Pater-ebook/dp/B00B60KZ12
(1) センテンスの前半。 But it was in France also, in a very important sense, that the Renaissance had begun;
(2) センテンスの後半。 and French writers, (これが主語の中心部分) 【who】 are so fond of connecting the creations of Italian genius with a French origin, 【who】 tell us <<< how >>> Francis of Assisi TOOK not his name only, but all those notions of chivalry and romantic love which so deeply penetrated his thoughts, FROM a French source, <<< how >>> Boccaccio borrowed the outlines of his stories from the old French fabliaux, <<< and how >>> Dante himself expressly connects the origin of the art of miniature-painting with the city of Paris,
have often dwelt (この主語は "French writers") on this notion of 【a Renaissance】 in the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century, 【a Renaissance】 (この "a Renaissance" は、その前に出てきた "a Renaissance" と同格) within the limits of the middle age itself --a brilliant, but in part abortive effort to do <<< for human life and the human mind >>> what was afterwards done in the fifteenth.
The Renaissance; Studies in Art and Poetry By Walter Pater
No one ever expressed more truly than Michelangelo the notion of inspired sleep, of faces charged with dreams. A vast fragment of marble had long lain below the Loggia of Orcagna, and many a sculptor had had his thoughts of a design which should just fill this famous block of stone, cutting the diamond, as it were, without loss. Under Michelangelo's hand it became the David which stood till lately on the steps of the Palazzo Vecchio, when it was replaced below the Loggia.
(1) センテンスの前半。 But it was in France also, in a very important sense, that the Renaissance had begun; 和訳:しかし、非常に重要な意味で、ルネサンスはフランスでも始まっていたのである。
(2) センテンスの後半。 and French writers, (これが主語の中心部分) そして、フランスの物書きたちは、
【who】 are so fond of connecting the creations of Italian genius with a French origin, イタリアの天才的才能の生み出した作品群がもともとフランス発祥のものだと主張するのがとても好きで、
【who】 tell us さらには
<<< how >>> Francis of Assisi TOOK not his name only, but all those notions of chivalry and romantic love which so deeply penetrated his thoughts, FROM a French source, アッシジのフランチェスカがフランスから自分の名前を由来させた(取った)だけでなく、自分の思想にあまりにも浸透している騎士道と恋愛についての例のすべての考え方をも取っているということと、
<<< how >>> Boccaccio borrowed the outlines of his stories from the old French fabliaux, さらには、ボッカチオが自分の書いた話を古いフランスのファブリオー(中世フランスの滑稽で低俗な韻文)から借りているということと、
<<< and how >>> Dante himself expressly connects the origin of the art of miniature-painting with the city of Paris, さらには、ダンテ自身がはっきりと、ミニチュア絵画の画法の源泉をパリ市と結びつけているということを述べているが、
have often dwelt (この主語は "French writers") on this notion of そういうフランス人たちは、このようなルネサンスについての次のような考え方に拘泥することが多かったのである。
【a Renaissance】 in the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century, すなわち、12世紀末から13世紀初頭にかけてのルネサンスであり、
【a Renaissance】 (この "a Renaissance" は、その前に出てきた "a Renaissance" と同格) within the limits of the middle age itself 中世そのものの範囲内におけるルネサンスであり、
--a brilliant, but in part abortive effort to do <<< for human life and the human mind >>> what was afterwards done in the fifteenth. それは、人間の生活と人間の精神のために、後の15世紀において行うべく、輝かしいけれども部分的に未熟な試みであったのである。
>>186 --- 再び和訳の試み But it was in France also, in a very important sense, that the Renaissance had begun; しかし、とても重大な意味で、ルネサンスはフランスでも始まっていたのである。
and French writers, そして、フランスの物書きたちは、
【who】 are so fond of connecting the creations of Italian genius with a French origin, イタリアの天才的な作品群がもとはフランス発祥なのだと主張するのがとても好きで、
【who】 tell us さらには
<<< how >>> Francis of Assisi TOOK not his name only, but all those notions of chivalry and romantic love which so deeply penetrated his thoughts, FROM a French source, アッシジのフランチェスカの名前がフランス由来だということだけでなく、彼の思想にあまりにも浸透している騎士道と恋愛についての例のすべての考え方もフランス由来のものであるということと、
<<< how >>> Boccaccio borrowed the outlines of his stories from the old French fabliaux, さらには、ボッカチオの書いた話が古いフランスのファブリオー(中世フランスの滑稽で低俗な韻文)から借りたものであるということと、
<<< and how >>> Dante himself expressly connects the origin of the art of miniature-painting with the city of Paris, そして、ダンテ自身がはっきりと、ミニチュア絵画の画法がパリ由来であるということを述べているが、
have often dwelt on this notion of そういうフランス人は、ルネサンスについて次のような考え方に拘泥することが多かったのである。
【a Renaissance】 in the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth century, すなわち、12世紀末から13世紀初頭にかけてのルネサンス、
【a Renaissance】 within the limits of the middle age itself 中世そのものの枠内のルネサンスであり、
--a brilliant, but in part abortive effort to do <<< for human life and the human mind >>> what was afterwards done in the fifteenth. そういうルネサンスは、人間の生活と人間の精神のために、後の15世紀になって行われたことを、輝かしいけれども部分的に未熟な形で行う試みであったのであったのだが、 そういうルネサンスという考え方に、彼らフランス人は拘泥することが多かったのである。
(1) No one ever expressed <<< more truly than Michelangelo >>> the notion 【of】 inspired sleep, 【of】 faces charged with dreams.
(2) A vast fragment of marble had long lain below the Loggia of Orcagna,
and many a sculptor had had his thoughts of 【a design which should just fill this famous block of stone】, cutting (= cut することによって) the diamond, as it were, without loss.
(3) Under Michelangelo's hand it (= 上記の【a design which. . .】?) became 【the David】 which stood till lately on the steps of the Palazzo Vecchio, when it was replaced below the Loggia.
(David という固有名詞に the がついているのは、which に導かれる修飾節によって 修飾され、一時的な性格を帯びているから。)
>>201 (1) No one ever expressed <<< more truly than Michelangelo >>> the notion 【of】 inspired sleep, 【of】 faces charged with dreams. 見事な眠り、夢心地な顔という考え方を、ミケランジェロほど忠実に表現した者はない。
(2) A vast fragment of marble had long lain below the Loggia of Orcagna, 巨大な大理石がロッジア・デロルカーニャの回廊に長いあいだ置いてあったが、
and many a sculptor had had his thoughts of 【a design which should just fill this famous block of stone】, cutting (= cut することによって) the diamond, as it were, without loss. いわばそこに眠っているダイヤモンドを損なうことなくカッティングすることにより、 この有名な石のブロックにぴったりと当てはまるような形を考え出した彫刻家は多かった。
(3) Under Michelangelo's hand it became the David which stood till lately on the steps of the Palazzo Vecchio, when it was replaced below the Loggia. ミケランジェロの手にかかって、それが、パラッツォ・ヴェッキオの階段のところに最近まで 立っていたダビデ像となり、そのあとロッジアの回廊内に移転したのだ。
【Great passions may give us this quickened sense of life】, ecstasy and sorrow of love, the various forms of enthusiastic activity, disinterested or otherwise, which come naturally to many of us. Only be sure it is passion―that it does yield you this fruit of 【a quickened, multiplied consciousness】. Of this wisdom, the poetic passion, the desire of beauty, the love of 【art for art's sake】, has most; for art comes to you professing frankly to give nothing but the highest quality to your moments as they pass, and simply for those moments' sake.
God blesses those people who depend only on him. (CEV) Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. (RSV) こころの貧しい人たちは、さいわいである、天国は彼らのものである。(口語訳)
Because of all that the Son is, we have been given one blessing after another.(CEV) And from his fulness have we all received, grace upon grace. (RSV) わたしたちすべての者は、その満ち満ちているものの中から受けて、めぐみにめぐみを加えられた。 (口語訳)
1 Corinthians 5:6-8 Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV) 6 Your glorying is not good. Know ye not that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump? 7 Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us: 8 therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness; but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth. ===============
1 Corinthians 5:6-8 Contemporary English Version (CEV) 6 Stop being proud! Don’t you know how a little yeast can spread through the whole batch of dough? 7 Get rid of the old yeast! Then you will be like fresh bread made without yeast, and that is what you are. Our Passover lamb is Christ, who has already been sacrificed. 8 So don’t celebrate the festival by being evil and sinful, which is like serving bread made with yeast. Be pure and truthful and celebrate by using bread made without yeast.
The New Testament, John 11 (The death and raising of Lazarus)
32 Then when Mary was come where Jesus was, and saw him, she fell down at his feet, saying unto him, Lord, if thou hadst been here, my brother had not died. 33 When Jesus therefore saw her weeping, and the Jews also weeping which came with her, he groaned in the spirit, and was troubled, 34 and said, Where have ye laid him? They said unto him, Lord, come and see. 35 ★Jesus wept.★
The New Testament, Matthew 26, King James Version Peter(ペテロ)が三度にわたってイエスなんて知らないと言い張ったあと、雄鶏が鳴いて、ペテロが泣く。
74Then began he to curse and to swear, saying, I know not the man. And immediately the cock crew. 75And Peter remembered the word of Jesus, which said unto him, Before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. ★And he went out, and wept bitterly.★
>>427 John 11:35 のこの "Jesus wept." の部分の前後の "The raising of Lazarus" (ラザロの復活)の部分の King James Version の一節を、英語版の "Crime and Punishment" (罪と罰、Fyodor Dostoevsky)で、娼婦 Sonya が主人公 Raskolnikov に対して 朗読して聴かせている。実に感動的なこのシーンを、演技力満点の俳優が見事に朗読している。
"Crime and Punishment" continues to stimulate successive generations of readers not because it revives the ideological disputes of the 1860s or reflects the personal and philosophical tribulations of the author's life, but because its consummate artistry invests it with universal meaning and allows it to transcend the particularities of its conception.
("Crime and Punishment," Fyodor Dostoevsky, Everyman's Library 所収の "Introduction" の p. xix, 書き手は W. J. Leatherbarrow)
Matthew 10:26 Fear them not therefore: for there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; and hid, that shall not be known.
Matthew 10:28 And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.
And the more I drink, the more I feel it. It is for this I drink, that in drinking I may seek compassion and feeling, It is not joy I seek, but sorrow only. . . I drink, for I wish doubly to suffer!
("Crime and Punishment," Part 1, Chapter 2, translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky) 英訳の発表されたのは、1992年。割に新しい英訳。
She (= Sonya) came in, went straight to Katerina Ivanovna (Sonya の義理の母), and silently laid thirty roubles on the table in front of her. Not a word with it, not even a glance. (中略) and lay down on her bed, face to the wall: only her little shoulders and her whole body kept trembling. . . (中略) I saw Katerina Ivanovna go over to Sonechka's (= Sonya's) bed, also without saying a word, and for the whole evening she stayed kneeling at her feet, kissing her feet, and would not get up, and then they both fell asleep together, embracing each other . . . both . . . both . . . yes, sir . . . and I (= 飲んだくれの Marmeladov) . . . was lying there in my cups (= drunk), sir.
("Crime and Punishment," Part 1, Chapter 2, translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, Everyman's Library, p. 18)
The Bible、特に The New Testament は、やはり金言に満ち満ちている。どの言葉も 力強い。キリスト教徒である必要はない。言葉の好きな人間、小説を楽しんで読める感性を持った 人間なら、The New Testament、特にその King James Version を読んで感動しない はずがない。仮に今は退屈であっても、10年、あるいは20年、あるいはもっと読んでいけば、 いずれ感動できる時がくる。
Luke 7:37 --- And, behold, a woman in the city, which was a sinner, (中略)
7:38 --- And stood at his feet behind him weeping, and began to wash his feet with tears, and did wipe them with the hairs of her head, and kissed his feet, and anointed them with the ointment.
7:44 --- . . . but she hath washed my (= Jesus') feet with tears, and wiped them with the hairs of her head.
7:46 --- My head with oil thou didst not anoint: but this woman hath anointed my feet with ointment.
7:47 --- Wherefore I say unto thee, ★Her sins, which are many, are forgiven: for she loved much★: but to whom little is forgiven, the same loveth little.
7:48 --- And he (= Jesus) said unto her, Thy sins are forgiven. (中略)
7:50 --- And he said to the woman, Thy faith hath saved thee; go in peace.
Revelation 13:15, King James Version (KJV) And he had power to tive life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and ★cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed★.
OED の解説によると、このように、現代英語で "to cause (something or someone) to do something" という意味で "to cause that (something or something) should do something" という言い回しをするのは、archaic だということだ。上記の一節を現代英語訳で見てみる。
Revelation 13:15, New International Version (NIV) The second beast was given power to give breath to the image of the first beast, so that the image could speak and ★cause all who refused to worship the image to be killed★.
"But where is the money?" she shouted. "Oh, Lord, did he really drink up all of it? There were twelve roubles left in the trunk! . . ." And suddenly, in a rage, she (= Katerina) seized him by the hair and dragged him into the room. Marmeladov made her efforts easier by meekly crawling after her on his knees.
"And it's a delight to me! It's not painful, it's a deli-i-ight, my de-e-ear sir," he kept crying out, being pulled by his hair all the while and once even bumping his forehead on the floor. The child who was asleep on the floor woke up and started to cry. The boy in the corner could not help himself, trembled, cried out, and rushed to his sister in a terrible fright, almost a fit. The older girl, half awake, was trembling like a leaf.
("Crime and Punishment," Fyodor Dostoevsky, Part 1, Chapter 2, translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, Evreryman's Library, p. 26)
Fyodor Dostoevsky の "Crime and Punishment" の part 1, Chapter 5 には、 主人公 Raskolnikov が見た夢が描かれている。年老いて弱っている馬を酔っ払いたちがさんざん 鞭打って殺してしまい、それを楽しむ場面だ。
これに深く関連した場面が、同じく Dostoevsky の "The Brothers Karamazov" にも 出てくる。Ivan Karamazov が Alyosha に対して、幼く純真でか弱い子供を、その 純真さゆえに、余計にその親がさんざん虐待してしまう例を挙げているが、そういう残酷さを 持った人間はかなりたくさんいる、と Ivan は言う。
A little girl, five years old, is hated by her father and mother, 'most honorable and official people, educated and well-bred." You see, once again I positively maintain that ★this peculiar quality exists in much of mankind -- this love of torturing children, but only children★. These same torturers look upon all other examples of humankind even mildly and benevolently, being educated and humane Europeans, but ★they have a great love of torturing children★, they even love children in that sense. It is precisely the defenselessness of these creatures that tempts the torturers, the angelic trustfulness of the child, who has nowhere to turn and no one to turn to -- that is what inflames the vile blood of the torturer.
("The Brothers Karamazov," 2-5-4 (Rebellion), Everyman's Library p. 241)
More software projects have gone awry for lack of calendar time than for all other causes combined. Why is this cause of disaster so common? First, our techniques of estimating are poorly developed. More seriously, they reflect an unvoiced assumption which is quite untrue, i.e., that all will go well.
“We are all . . . children of this universe. Not just Earth, or Mars, or this System, but the whole grand fireworks. And if we are interested in Mars at all, it is only because we wonder over our past and worry terribly about our possible future.” ― Ray Bradbury, 'Mars and the Mind of Man,' 1973
For when he reached his sixteenth year, Narcissus -- who then seemed boy or man -- was loved by many: both youths and young girls wanted him: but he had much cold pride within his tender body: no youth, no girl could ever touch his heart.
(Ovid, "The Metamorphoses," Everyman's Library, p. 92)
a youth whom he (= Narcissus) had spurned was led to pray, lifting his hands to heaven, pleading: "May Narcissus fall in love; but once a prey, may he, too, be denied the prize he craves."
23:27 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness.
Away with mirages, away with false fears, away with spectres! . . . There is life! Was I not alive just now? My life hasn't died with the old crone! ★May the Lord remember her in His kingdom★, and --- enough, my dear, it's time to go!
("Crime and Punishment," Fyodor Dostoevsky, Everyman's Library, p. 188)
小説を読んでると "New Jerusalem" という言葉が出てきた。その意味を調べていて、 新約聖書の「黙示録」のこの一節に出会った。ここで書いてあることをそのまま信じて 新しい世の中が到来することを夢見るのもよし、そんなことをまるで信じない人は、 この話を美しい文学として読むと楽しい。僕にとって聖書は、宗教書ではなく、美しい文学作品だ。
Revelation 21:1-4 1 --- And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea. 2 --- And I John saw the holy city, ★new Jerusalem★, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. 3 --- And I heard a great voice out of heaven saying, Behold, the tabernacle of God is with men, and he will dwell with them, and they shall be his people, and God himself shall be with them, and be their God. 4 --- And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away.
>>538 Jesus が Peter に "Lovest thou me?" と3度にわたって尋ねる場面。
John 21:15-17 Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV) 15 So when they had dined, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me more than these? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my lambs. 16 He saith to him again the second time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my sheep. 17 He saith unto him the third time, Simon, son of Jonas, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.
>>541 Rome で "Quo vadis?" と Peter が Jesus に向かって言う場面は、Apocrypha に 書いてあるそうだ。
According to the 【apocryphal Acts of Peter (Vercelli Acts XXXV[1])】, Peter is fleeing from likely crucifixion in Rome at the hands of the government, and along the road outside the city he meets a risen Jesus. In the Latin translation, Peter asks Jesus "【Quo vadis?】", to which he replies, "Romam vado iterum crucifigi" ("I am going to Rome again to be crucified"). Peter thereby gains the courage to continue his ministry and returns to the city, to eventually be martyred by being crucified upside-down. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quo_vadis%3F
【"Quo vadis?" と Peter が Jesus に尋ねる場面、Apocrypha にある文章】
>>543 で Wikipedia の記事を引用したけど、性さんからの情報を頼りに、Apocrypha にある 文章を検索してみた。
And as he went forth of the city, he saw the Lord entering into Rome. And when he saw him, he said: ★Lord, whither goest thou thus (or here)? And the Lord said unto him: I go into Rome to be crucified.★ And Peter said unto him: Lord, art thou (being) crucified again? He said unto him: Yea, Peter, I am (being) crucified again. And Peter came to himself: and having beheld the Lord ascending up into heaven, he returned to Rome, rejoicing, and glorifying the Lord, for that he said: I am being crucified: the which was about to befall Peter. http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/actspeter.html
>>557 で説明したような状況を描いた "Crime and Punishment" の英訳版の一節を ここに抜粋する。Sonya が Raskolnikov に言う長い台詞だ。
"Yes, me, me! I came then," she continued, weeping, "and my father (例の酔っ払いの Marmeladov) said, 'Read to me, Sonya,' he said, 'there's an ache in my head, read to me . . . here's a book,' -- he had some book, he got it from Andrei Semyonovich, he lives here, Lebezyantnikov (この人は、Sonya に密かに思いを寄せる真面目な男), he was always getting such funny books. And I said,' It's time I was going,' I just didn't want to read, because I stopped by mainly to show Katerina Ivanovna rthe collars; Lizaveta (Raskolnikov が殺した高利貸しの義理の妹。彼の殺人現場 にその直後に来てしまったため、Raskolnikov はやむなく彼女をも殺してしまう), the dealer, had brought me some cheap collars and cuffs, pretty, new ones, with a pattern. (続く)
And Katerina Ivanovna (Sonya の義理の母) liked them very much, she put them on and looked at herself in the mirror, and she liked them very, very much. 'Sonya, please,' she said, 'give them to me.' She said PLEASE, and she wanted them so much. But where would she go in them? She was just remembering her former happy days! She looked in the mirror, admired herself, and she's had no dresses, no dresses at all, no things, for so many years now! And she never asks anything from anybody; she's proud, she'd sooner give away all she has, but this time she asked -- she liked them so much! And I was sorry to think of giving them away; I said, 'But what for, Katerina Ivanovna?' I said that: 'what for?' I should never have said that to her. She just looked at me, and she took it so hard, so hard, that I refused, and it was such a pity to see . . . And it wasn't because of the collars, but because I refused, I could see that. Ah, if only I could take it all back now, do it over again, all those past words . . . Oh, I . . . but why am I talking about it! . . . it's all the same to you!"
("Crime and Punishment," Part 4, Chapter 4, Everyman's Library, p. 319)
". . . I'll simply tell you, I chose you long ago to tell it to, back when your father (= Marmeladov) was talking about you and Lizaveta (= Raskolnikov が高利貸しの老婆を殺した直後に殺さざるを得なくなった相手) was still alive, I thought of it then. Goodbye. Don't give me your hand. Tomorrow!"
("Crime and Punishment," Part 4 Chapter 4, Everyman's Library, p. 330)
Depicting the lives of the saints in an array of both factual and fictional stories, ★"The Golden Legend" was perhaps the most widely read book, after the Bible, during the late Middle Ages★. In his new translation, the first in modern English of the complete text from the Graesse edition, William Granger Ryan captures the immediacy of this rich, image-filled work, and offers an important guide for readers interested in medieval art and literature and in popular religious culture more generally.
ふと気づいたんだけど、KJV にも綴り字の間違いがあるのかな? King James Bible Luke 3:17 Whose fan is in his hand, and he will 【throughly】 purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable.
New American Standard Bible Luke 3:17 "His winnowing fork is in His hand to 【thoroughly】 clear His threshing floor, and to gather the wheat into His barn; but He will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire."
King James Version の Bible を読んでいると、ものすごく頻繁に "come to pass" という 表現が出てくる。おそらくは "happen" というような意味だろうなと思ってはいたけど、辞書で 確かめたことはなかった。現代語としてはあんまり出てこないんじゃないかという気がする。
Luke 3:19 --- But Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him (= John the Baptist) for Herodias his brother Philip's wife, and for all the evils which Herod had done, 3:20 --- Added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison. 3:221 -- Now when all the people were baptized, 【it came to pass】, that Jesus also being baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened, ==========
他の辞書にも載っているかもしれないけど、手っ取り早く OED で確かめてみた。
a. to come (also †go) to pass : to take place in the course of events; to happen, occur; to be accomplished or realized; to come to fulfilment. †to come evil to pass : to turn out badly (obs.). 【†to come well to (our) pass】 : to turn out well (for us) (obs.). 【†to come to good pass】 : to turn out well (obs.).
★to pass is now usually apprehended as the infinitive of the verb.★
(OED Online)
============== なお、この "come to pass" という表現は、OED の「名詞としての pass」の中の項目だ。 ということは、"come to pass" の pass は動詞ではなく名詞として使われているということだ。 だからこそ、上記の解説の中で ★to pass is now usually apprehended as the infinitive of the verb.★ というふうにわざわざ書いてあるのだ。さらには、 (1) "come well to our pass" (2) "come to good pass" というような表現が昔はあったのだと書いてある。
And wheresoever he ★taketh him, he ★teareth him: and he ★foameth, and ★gnasheth with his teeth, and ★pineth away:
このように、King James Version の英語は古いけど、それだからこそ面白いとも言える。 ずんずん読んでいると、そのリズムのあまりの美しさに唸ってしまうときも多い。 さすが、英語圏の文化を理解するにはギリシャ神話と聖書の King James Version と Shakespeare に触れる必要があると言われるだけある、といつも思う。
Jesus の言葉には、「離婚して別の者と結婚するのは姦淫だ」という意味のものがある けど、これをそのまま文字通りに実行しようとしたからこそ、Victorian era のイギリスでは 離婚することが許されなかったんだろうな、と思いながら、この一節を読んでいる。
Mark 10:8から, King James Version より 10:8 And they (= husband and wife) twain shall be one flesh: so then they are no more twain, but one flesh. 10:9 What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. 10:10 And in the house his disciples asked him again of the same matter. 10:11 And he saith unto them, 【whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her】. 10:12 And if a woman shall put away her husband, and be married to another, she committeth adultery.
手元には、Everyman's Library による "New Testament" と "Old Testament" が あり、さらには "NIV (New International Version) Study Bible" もある。 この "NIV Study Bible" には、カラーの地図が何枚もついているし、一つ一つの verse について解説もあるし、一つ一つの book の荒筋や背景をも説明してくれている。こんなのは すべてネットで検索もできようが、やはり紙の本でじっくりこういうものを検討すると、頭に 入りやすい。
967 名前: 名無しさん@英語勉強中 投稿日: 2014/03/10(月) 21:44:18.28 as for sometimes derog (used when starting to talk about a new subject, connected with what came before) when we speak of; concerning
wot わっと わーと v -tt- [I (of)] old use or humor to know
for we wot not what is become of him (かのモーゼの)如何になりしかを知らざればなり 彼に今起こっていることか?what is happening to himか? 丸暗記でいいや。
Do you know smoking is useful only when you are up, when young Dawn with her rose-red fingers shine once more, and your penis also is up. Smoke and calm it in a few seconds, or your pee outs properly.
Do you know smoking is useful only when you are up, when young Dawn with her rose-red fingers shines once more, and whenyour penis also is up. Smoke and calm it in a few seconds, or your pee outs from a toilet bowl properly.
Do you know smoking is useful only when you are up, when young Dawn with her rose-red fingers shines once more, and when your penis also is up. Smoke and calm it in a few seconds, or your pee outs from a toilet bowl properly.
Do you know smoking is useful only when you are up, when young Dawn with her rose-red fingers shines once more, and when your penis also is up? Smoke and calm it in a few seconds, or your pee outs from a toilet bowl properly.
>>620 その The New Oxford Annotated Bible with Apocrypha が気になったので 書評をいろいろと読んでたんだけど、hardcover 版は第3版までは紙がそこそこに分厚くて 字もそこそこに大きかったので使いやすかったけど、第4版になると紙が薄くて字が小さくて 使いにくいという人が多いので、僕はためらってる。
じゃあ、Kindle 版にしようかと思うと、これもまた十分には発達しておらず、navigate しにくいと書いている人がいる。英太郎さんは、どの version を使ってるの?
>>569 James Bond は前回の冒険(From Russia With Love)で瀕死の重傷を負った。 愛用のBerettaを抜くときにホルスターに引っかかったためだ。
M took his hands from behind his neck and slowly leant forward and placed them flat on the desk in front of him. His eyes were hard. "Just so." The voice was velvet, dangerous. "Your gun got stuck, if I recall. This Beretta of yours with the silencer. Something wrong there, 007. Can't afford that sort of mistake if you're to carry an oo number. Would you prefer to drop it and go back to normal duties?" Bond stiffened. His eyes looked resentfully into M's. The licence to kill for the Secret Service, the double-o prefix, was a great honour. It had been earned hardly. It brought Bond the only assignments he enjoyed, the dangerous ones. "No, I wouldn't, sir."
ちょうどその頃、イギリス海外諜報機関のジャマイカ支部の責任者である Strangways と その秘書 Mary Trueblood が失踪するという事件が起きていた。 Bond の上司 M はこの事件を軽視していて二人はたぶん駆け落ちでもしたのだろうと思っている。 Bond は病み上がりでこの仕事にちょうどいいと思っているのだ。 Bond はこれが気に食わない。 これはヘマをして瀕死の重症を負ったことにたいする一種の懲罰なのだ。
The sixty-eight tons deadweight of the Super-Constellation hurtled high above the green and brown chequerboard of Cuba and, with only another hundred miles to go, started its slow declining flight towards Jamaica. Bond watched the big green turtle-backed island grow on the horizon and the water below him turn from the dark blue of the Cuba Deep to the azure and milk of the inshore shoals. Then they were over the North Shore, over its rash of millionaire hotels, and crossing the high mountains of the interior. The scattered dice of small-holdings showed on the slopes and in clearings in the jungle, and the setting sun flashed gold on the bright worms of tumbling rivers and streams. 'Xaymaca the Arawak Indians had called it-'The Land of Hills and Rivers'. Bond's heart lifted with the beauty of one of the most fertile islands in the world.
【Bond watched the big green turtle-backed island grow on the horizon and the water below him turn from the dark blue of the Cuba Deep to the azure and milk of the inshore shoals.】
性さんが「スレッド立てるまでもない質問スレ」で branchtop について質問してたね。 branchtop という言葉そのものについてはわからないけど、"the top of a branch" という 形なら、やはり「枝の先」ということみたいだということは、この下に示す URL に出てくる 写真を見てもわかるね。
Isaiah 17:6 New International Version Yet some gleanings will remain, as when an olive tree is beaten, leaving two or three olives on the ★topmost branches★, four or five on the fruitful boughs," declares the LORD, the God of Israel.
(Raskolnikov の台詞) "You're so strange, Sonya -- you embrace me and kiss me, when I've just told you ABOUT THAT. (原文ではこの大文字部分はイタリック) You're forgetting yourself."
(娼婦 Sonya の台詞) "No one, no one in the whole world is unhappier than you are now!" she exclaimed, as if in a frenzy, not hearing his remark, and suddenly burst into sobs, as if in hysterics.
★A feeling long unfamiliar to him flooded his soul★ and softened it all at once. He did not resist: 【two tears rolled from his eyes】 and hung on his lashes.
"★So you won't leave me, Sonya?★" he said, looking at her almost with hope.
"No, no, never, not anywhere!" Sonya cried out. "I'll follow you, I'll go wherever you go! Oh, Lord! . . . Ah, wretched me! . . . Why, why didn't I know you before! Why didn't you come before? Oh, Lord!"
("Crime and Punishment," Fyodor Dostoevsky, Everyman's Library, p. 412)
The Blue Hills was a comfortable old-fashioned hotel with modern trimmings. Bond was welcomed with deference because his reservation had been made by King's House. He was shown to a fine corner room with a balcony looking out over the distant sweep of Kingston harbour. Thankfully he took off his London clothes, now moist with perspiration, and went into the glass-fronted shower and turned the cold water full on and stood under it for five minutes during which he washed his hair to remove the last dirt of big-city life. Then he pulled on a pair of Sea Island cotton shorts and, with sensual pleasure at the warm soft air on his nakedness, unpacked his things and rang for the waiter. Bond ordered a double gin and tonic and one whole green lime. When the drink came he cut the lime in half, dropped the two squeezed halves into the long glass, almost filled the glass with ice cubes and then poured in the tonic. He took the drink out on to the balcony, and sat and looked out across the spectacular view. He thought how wonderful it was to be away from headquarters, and from London, and from hospitals, and to be here, at this moment, doing what he was doing and knowing, as all his senses told him, that he was on a good tough case again. He sat for a while, luxuriously, letting the gin relax him.
The 40s: The Story of a Decadeこれは大期待なんですよ。 売れて各年代がでるといいです。メンツに目眩がする。Including contributions by W. H. Auden • Elizabeth Bishop • John Cheever • Janet Flanner • John Hersey • Langston Hughes • Shirley Jackson • A. J. Liebling • William Maxwell • Carson McCullers • Joseph Mitchell • Vladimir Nabokov • Ogden Nash • John O’Hara • George Orwell • V. S. Pritchett • Lillian Ross • Stephen Spender • Lionel Trilling • Rebecca West • E. B. White • Williams Carlos Williams • Edmund Wilson
“Our advertisements specified that when an applicant wrote in inquiring about the course he was to send a sample of his writing, a ‘story’ of any sort, any length, for our ‘analysis,’ and a five-dollar money order. We sent him the analysis and told him whether or not he really did have the right stuff in him to make a successful writer. All applicants, unless analphabetic, did.”
>>668 あまり New York について知ってるわけじゃないけど、Woody Allen が監督した映画を15本くらい見て、 彼の脚本を4本くらい通読したことがある。彼は生粋の New York 出身の人間で、そこから離れたことが ないみたいだね。彼の作品のうち、特に "Manhattan" という映画を見てると、New York の雰囲気が 如実につかめるような気がしてくる。ただ、New York どころか、アメリカにさえ行ったことがないけど。
>>699 881 : 必殺翻訳人[sage] 投稿日:2013/11/22(金) 23:48:58.79 >>875の構文解析はほぼうまくいってると思うよ。 >>877が言いたいことだと思うけど、 the victor Normans と the vanquished Saxons は両方とも the descendants にかかる。 この箇所以外は間違いないように思う。
念のため言うと、最後の方の to keep open the wounds 〜 and to maintain 〜 は、文法的に説明すれば、 不定詞の副詞的用法のうちの「結果」を表すものと解される。 だから、「そしてその結果として〜」と訳したのは私見によればまったく正しい。 おそらく777はこの点がわかってなかった。
GR っていうのかどうか知らないけど、限られた単語数で書きなおした薄っぺらい ペーパーバックは、確かに面白みが少ない。人工的に書き直してあるから そうなるのは致し方ない。でも、児童文学とか Sydney Sheldon あたりは、 最初から優しい英語で書いてあるから、けっこういいテキストになるんじゃないかな? そうそう。最初は絵本。次に児童文学の5歳向けのやつ、次に8歳向けというふうに レベルを上げていく。児童文学はだいたい制覇したと思ったら、次に Sydney Sheldon。 Sheldon を15冊くらい読んだ後は、ホラー小説とかミステリー小説を10冊か20冊くらい 読む。そのあと、自分の好きな方面の本へと移っていく。
例えば400Lサンプルの後ろの方 When I got there, the dog food bin was tipped over. Steve's head and shoulders were sticking out of the top. Dog food was stuck in his hair, on his clothes, and up his nose. He looked like an alien from the planet Yuck. He giggled as Buster licked some crumbs off his ear.
>>741 そうそう具体的にわからないよね。文学理論記号論は日本でもいい本あるからわかるんだけど。 あくまで文学理論の一分野なのだろう。で、英文読解を考えた時、ネイティヴ側の (記述ではなくて)規範を知るのは役にたつと思ってまずはGarner's Modern American Usageを読んだ。 大変役に立った。この板でGarner's Modern American Usageの書き込みはほぼ自分。最近だと、 あれね。関係代名詞の制限用法でwhichを使わない規範があって、thatが単に「よりくだけた表現」では ないということがわかった。だから自分はほとんど読んでないけど、クリエイティヴライティングや、 エッセイ技法の教科書を読めば、彼らの書くことに関する発想を知ることができると思う。たとえば 「ダ・ヴィンチ・コードの書き出しを添削する」とかそういうのが非常に面白い。そういうのは翻訳する 側の発想と違うんですよ。
The Priory of Sion―a European secret society founded in 1099―is a real organization. In 1975, Paris's Bibliothèque Nationale discovered parchments known as Les Dossiers Secrets, identifying numerous members of the Priory of Sion, including Sir Isaac Newton, Botticelli, Victor Hugo, and Leonardo da Vinci.
The Vatican prelature known as Opus Dei is a deeply devout Catholic group that has been the topic of recent controversy due to reports of brain-washing, coercion, and a practice known as "corporal mortification." Opus Dei has just completed construction of a $47 million National Headquarters at 243 Lexington Avenue in New York City.
All descriptions of artwork, architecture, documents, and secret rituals in this novel are accurate.
British writers have utterly bollixed the distinction between restrictive and nonrestrictive relative pronouns. Most commonly which encroaches that's territory, but ...
の続きが Google 本のプレビューでは見れない。
The Economist を読んでいると 一定の頻度で前置詞無し制限用法の which に出くわすので Bryan Garner さんがどのような寸評をしているのか是非拝見したかったのだが。
>>768 The dispute concerns restrictive clauses: in informal American speech and in formal and informal British English both 'that' and 'which' are commonly used; but in the U.S., for formal American English, the style guides and other references generally specify that only 'that' or reduction to the zero relative pronoun be applied.
ピンチョンの Is It O.K. to be a Luddite? で 7 つの制限用法 which が見つかった(>>788-789)のだが これらは単なる悪文なのだろうか? それとも何か特別な意図が込められているのだろうか? (先行詞に決定詞 that が付いている例では反復を嫌ったのだろうか?)
I am the knight that followeth the glatisant beast: that is in English to say the questing beast; (我はかの鷲のごとく啼く獣を追う騎士にして、つまり英語の獣クエストなり) と「アーサー王の死」で言われているごとくだな。
It refused publicly to criticize its ally and then called for a resumption of a diplomatic process that has been stalled for two years and which, at this moment anyway, is irrelevant. (TIME | Nov. 30, 2010)
If it is soluble at all, it can certainly never be solved without the full attention of America, the only country which Israel really trusts and that has the power to coax or coerce it into territorial compromise. (The Economist | May 8th 2008)
Garner's Modern American Usage のプレビューを見ていると Remote Relatives の項目で
Just last year, they succeeded in removing a Victorian house near the Capitol Building, whose owner had refused every entreaty to leave for half a century. ↓ Just last year, they succeeded in removing a Victorian house near the Capitol Building; its owner had refused every entreaty to leave for half a century.
となっているのだが 修正案も its の指示対象の候補が二つあるという点で原文と曖昧さにおいて大差ないのでは?と思う。
1:7 And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
4:9 And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe also these two signs, neither hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take of the water of the river, and pour it upon the dry land: and the water which thou takest out of the river shall become blood upon the dry land.
これまで講読したHarper'sも読めなくなってるなんでやねん!なのだが、 偶然フリー号でBroken English by Thomas Frankに出会って読んだ。
he radio was tuned to NPR, the subject was austerity, and the great observers of our political moment were speaking with their customary authority. The conversation wandered to and fro, and then I heard David Leonhardt, the Washington bureau chief of the New York Times, declare that when it came to cutbacks in federal spending, “history just argues incredibly strongly against it.” I knew what Leonhardt meant: Austerity is a bad idea. And I agreed with him. Still, somehow his statement annoyed me. What grated, I soon realized, was his image of history “arguing” for or against something. There are, of course, lots of illustrious metaphors for the sweep of events: History is like a train, bearing us relentlessly down its tracks; と続き、 One thing that history isn't, however, is a pundit...と進んでいく。
"My dear sir," he began almost solemnly, "poverty is no vice, that is the truth. I know that drunkenness is also no virtue, and that is even more so, But destitution (赤貧、極貧), my dear sir, destitution is a vice, sir. In poverty you may still preserve the nobility of your inborn feelings, but in destitution no one ever does. For destitution one does not even get driven out of human company with a stick; one is swept out with a broom, to make it more insulting; and justly so, for ★in destitution I am the first to insult myself★. Hence the drinking! . . ."
("Crime and Punishment," Fyodor Dostoevsky, 1866, Everyman's Library, p. 13)
>>864 For destitution one does not even get driven out of human company with a stick; one is swept out with a broom, to make it more insulting; and justly so, for ★in destitution I am the first to insult myself★.
ここで引用した Marmeladov の台詞の "in destitution I am the first to insult myself" という部分が最も重要だ。「極貧状態にあるとき、私が真っ先に自分を蔑んでしまうのだ」 というわけだ。誰か別の人から軽蔑される前に、真っ先に自分が自分を軽蔑してしまうのだ。
この "in destitution"(極貧状態にあるとき)という部分を、いろんな言葉に変えてみたらいい。 学歴がないから、親がいないから、好きな職業に就けなかったから、同性愛者だから、 病気だから、身体障害者だから、などなど、自分が弱みだと感じている部分を強く意識してしまって、 そのゆえに他人から軽蔑される前に、まずは自分で自分を軽蔑してしまう、その弱さのゆえに 陥る悲劇性に、Dostoevsky は焦点を当てていると思う。
辞書スレじゃないので、辞書の話なんかして申し訳ない。 でも、洋書を読んでいて、英和も素晴らしいけど、 やっぱり POD とか COD が素晴らしいとつくづく思う。
もちろん、この二つの辞書には専門用語めいたものが ほとんど載っていないけど、一般的な単語については、 けっこう網羅しているし、記述に無駄が少ない。 POD なんて実に小さな辞書なのに、かゆいところに 手を届かせてくれる。
ODE (Oxford English Dictionary) がよく推薦されるけど、 その辞書はあまり使ったことがない。でも、COD と POD だけを 比べた場合、COD は確かに POD にないものを含めてくれてはいるし、 この二つには共通点がたくさんあって記述の仕方も非常に似ているだけじゃなく、 定義の仕方や例文がまったく同じ場合もあるけど、やっぱり編集の方針が 根本的に違うらしく、COD の素晴らしさを熟知しつつも、やはり POD を 深く愛してしまう。
In that pleasant district of merry England which is watered by the river Don, there extended in ancient times a large forest, covering the greater part of the beautiful hills and valleys which lie between Sheffield and the pleasant town of Doncaster. The remains of this extensive wood are still to be seen at the noble seats of Wentworth, of Warncliffe Park, and around Rotherham. Here haunted of yore the fabulous Dragon of Wantley; here were fought many of the most desperate battles during the Civil Wars of the Roses; and here also flourished in ancient times those bands of gallant outlaws, whose deeds have been rendered so popular in English song.
Matthew 27:3 3 Then Judas, which had betrayed him, when he saw that he was condemned, repented himself, and brought again the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, 4 Saying, I have sinned in that I have betrayed the innocent blood. And they said, What is that to us? see though to that. 5 And he cast down the pieces of silver in the temple, and departed, and went and hanged himself.
>>891 もしかしてこの英文が悪文だというのは、限定用法の主格の関係代名詞としては which を 使うべきではなく that を使った方がいいという意味か?しかしこの文章は、 19世紀初頭のイギリス諸島(スコットランド)での英語だぞ。詳しくは知らんけど、 その時代のイギリス諸島ではこれが普通の英語だったんじゃないの?
In that pleasant district of merry England 【which】 is watered by the river Don, there extended in ancient times a large forest, covering the greater part of the beautiful hills and valleys 【which】lie between Sheffield and the pleasant town of Doncaster.
★Santa Clause★ legendary figure who is the traditional patron of Christmas in the United States and other countries, bringing gifts to children. His popular image is 【based on traditions associated with Saint Nicholas, a 4th-century Christian saint】. Father Christmas fills the role in many European countries.
And it was so that one, his neighbour, had then 【three daughters】, virgins, and he was a []nobleman[]: but for the ●poverty● of them together, they were constrained, and in very purpose to ★abandon them to the sin of lechery★, so that by the gain and winning of their infamy they might be sustained.
The Golden Legend or Lives of the Saints. Compiled by Jacobus de Voragine, Archbishop of Genoa, 1275. First Edition Published 1470. Englished by William Caxton, First Edition 1483 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/goldenlegend/index.asp
>>896 The conceptions of life and the world which we call 'philosophical' are the product of two factors: one, inherited religious and ethical conceptions; the other, the sort of investigation which may be called 'scientific', using this word in its broadest sense.
(2) The Golden Legend: Selections (Penguin Classics) (Paperback) By (author) Jacobus de Voragine, By (author) Jacobus de, By (author) Jacobo Di Voragine, Translated by Christopher Stace, Introduction by Student Richard Hamer, Selected by Christopher Stace http://www.bookdepository.com/Golden-Legend-Jacobus-de-Voragine/9780140446487
>>932 "Golden Legend" の William Caxton 訳のもので、さっきのものとは別の version を見つけた。こっちの方が正確だと書いてある。
This is an ★EXACT★ reproduction of a book published before 1923. ●This IS NOT an OCR'd book● with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.
Revelation 19:2 (New Testament, King James Version)
And after these things I heard a great voice of ★much people★ in heaven, saying, Alleluia; Salvation, and glory, and honor, and power, unto the Lord our God;
King James Version を読んでいると、上に引用したように、"many people" という 意味で "much people" と書いているところがよく見受けられる。1611年の段階では このような語法が一般的だったんだろうな、と思って、面白く感じる。
さて、デヴィッドクリスタルの本読んでるが、彼の英文は、 平易だけど、There are several instances of it being replaced by a less direct form...みたいな、なんていうかわからんが 分詞の埋め込み文?が多い。こういうのは高校英語の構文にあるっけ?
(2) There are several instances where it is replaced by a less direct form. (3) In several instances, it is replaced by a less direct form. (4) It is sometimes replaced by a less direct form.