After a decade In the 21st century, some argues the once economically successful Japan already belongs to history. Others say that there may be a resurgence of interest in the Japanese model in the aftermath of the worldwide financial turmoil. How exactly did the Japanese economy perform from the days of highgrowth period to the present, where does she stand today, what are the most serious challenges she faces, can the political regime cope with increasing demand for domestic and global public goods? Will technological progress be a solution for a sustainable Japan? What are the prospects and the roles of Japan with a peace Constitution, U.S. and China in a turbulent world? Can Japan be a role model of wellbeing nation in Asia?
放送を見た方がテキストを深く理解できる。 その意味で放送も見たほうがいい。今日の分は下記。 4 Lecture 4: Reconstruction or Fiscal Realignment The heaviest debtor sector today is the government, national and local combined. Fiscal debt accumulated over the 15 years of slow growth. With aging population social security and health care demand are climbing. How can we reconcile the fiscal austerity and the increasing demand for public services.
放送大学第4回 本日 テレビ 16時45分〜17時30分
Political Economy of Japan−Growth, Challenges and Prospects for a Well-Being Nation
A common written language was needed and Chancery was well equipped to provide one. It was strictly hierarchical. There were twelve senior clerks, the first form known as the Masters of Chancery. The second form had another twelve clerks. Below them were 24 Coursitors, and below them an army of sub-clerks who copied documents but had no power to initiate, draft or sign them. It was the birth, or, if you reach back to Alfred’s not-dissimilar setup, the rebirth of English governmental beaurocracy. If you visit the Public Record Office today, you can see thousands of official documents kept from the 15th century. In these dry scrolls, written English was fashioned. Hundreds of decisions had to be made about which form of word and which spelling to adopt. The final decisions were most likely in the hands of the masters. The fact that many of these documents had legal status reinforced the necessity for consistency. Evidence had to have sound words widely understood.
Even the most commonplace words, “any, but, many, cannot, and ought,” had to be given a consistent form, which in all these cases and thousands more, is the modern form. “I” became “I”; previously “Ich,” and many other variance had also been allowed. “Suche” was preferred to “sich,” “sych,” “seche,” “swiche,” and again many other variance. “Lond” became “land,” although this took a long time to be settled. During the decade 1469 to 1479 alone, for instance, the modern word “shall” appears in the peculiarly East Anglian form of “xal” then “schal,” before settling into the word we all use now.