➀ 1 One of the most common examples of the principal-agent problem occurs between a principal who wants something sold but needs someone else to do the selling.
2 Whether one is selling shoes,cosmetics,advertising space,or vacuum cleaners,it is easy to be passive about selling someone else's product.
3 A really good sales job takes not only time but also sensitivity, energy and creativity, which may be more naturally directed toward one’s more personal interests.
4 Consequently, salespeople,acting as agents of a principal,nearly always receive contracts flush with incentives for closing the deal with customers.
5 A typical salesperson receives a relatively low fixed wage and a commission on each sale that is a percentage of the item’s final selling price.
6 Usually the more difficult it is to monitor the salesperson,the greater the percentage of the salesperson's income is composed of commission.
7 When monitoring by the principal is easier, the fixed-Wage component may be higher,while still providing some incentive for an enthusiastic sales effort.
A 1 The supervisors of door-to-door salespeople face a double dose of difficulty that surpasses that of the ordinary principal.First,they face the ordinary problem of motivating their sales staff to interact persuasively with customers.
2 But unlike a salesperson selling shoes or cosmetics in the confines of a physical retail space,they face a colossal monitoring problem due to the ambulatory nature of their sales staff.
3 In practice,the supervisor simply can’t monitor the salespeople at all.
4 As a result,door-to-door salespeople labor under contracts that often pay no fixed wage whatsoever, with their income entirely consisting of a share of their gross sales. B 1 In 1906,Alfred C.Fuller founded a legendary door-to-door sales enterprise,the Fuller Brush Company.
2 Fuller began the company, renowned for its distinctive collection of home and personal care products,by establishing three basic rules for his products: make it work;make it last;and guarantee it“no matter what.”
3 His company took off quickly.
4 Fuller became something of a folk hero,and the traveling Fuller Brush Man became an American folk icon.
5 Early Walt Disney cartoons cast Donald Duck in the role of a Fuller Brush Man.
6 In Disney's rendition of the Three Little Pigs,the Big Bad Wolf appeared at the little pigs' front door disguised as a Fuller Brush Man before he huffed and puffed and tried to blow their houses down.
Part-time work is an important part of life for many studemt. In Japan four out of five junior college and university students work part-time. Finding a way to balance a part-time job with studies is not always easy,however. Here are some suggestions that might help.
Make as much money as you can during summer holidays and other periods when there are no classes.
After classes start,work less to give yourself more time for schoolwork and club activities.
Find a job that gives you choices about the days and the number of hours you work.
Be flexible yourself.
If your employer asks you to work on a day that you were not scheduled to work,agree to do so if you can.
This will help build a good relationship with your employer.
Don't work too much! Of course,more work means more money,but don't let your work become more important than school. Make sure you have at least one or two nights for yourself.
Start with 8 or 10 hours a week,and then increase your hours if you have the time and energy to work more.
@By suspending small amounts of solvents in nanoscale droplets, chemists have found an environmentally safer method of cleaning centuries-old frescoes and saving them from the unintended consequences of previous restorations.
AThe preservation of historic frescoes often involves firming up the paint and slowing its degradation by oxygen, light, and air pollution. In the 1970s, synthetic resins seemed like an ideal fix. Conservators began coating frescoes with protective layers of these acrylic polymers. However, the use of the synthetic chemicals created unforeseen problems, says Piero Baglioni, a chemist at the University of Florence.
BFor one thing, the polymers obstructed microscopic pores within the paint, preventing the natural perspiration of the underlying walls. This accelerated the accumulation of damaging salts, such as sulfates, under the coating.
CFurthermore, within two decades, the protective layers themselves began to degrade. They often turned yellow from photooxidization, and they tended to shrink, creating stresses on the underlying paint, says Baglioni's collaborator Rodorico Giorgi.
DConservators began using solvents to remove the polymers. But the solvents were toxic materials such as aromatic compounds, which could be hazardous to the user. Moreover, the solvents couldn't clear the paint's pores, according to Baglioni. "It's impossible to remove these resins using a normal solvent," he says.
EIn the 1990s, Baglioni's team began replacing pure organic solvents with less toxic, water-based microemulsions of the aromatic compounds. That meant using surfactants to suspend the solvents in microscopic droplets of water. These water-based microemulsions cut the concentrations of hazardous solvents by at least 95 percent.
"Not one boat,"I said to myself dejectedly. But the restaurant on the shore,"Ernie's Riverside" was open. I walked in,feeling silly in my bathing suit. The man at the counter was big and tough-looking. He asked me what I wanted. "A hamburger and a milkshake,"I said,holding the five-dollar bill in my hand so he'd know I had money. "Forty-five cents,"he said,bringing me the food. "Delicious,"I thought. "Better than grasshoppers-and Grandfather never once mentioned that I couldn't eat hamburgers." While I was eating,I had a grand idea. Why not sleep in the restaurant? I went to the ladies room and made sure the window was unlocked. Then I went back outside and played along the riverbank,watching the water birds and trying to identify each one. The restaurant closed at sunset, and I watched the man driver away. Then I climbed in the unlocked window. There was a night light on, so I didn't turn on any lights. But there was a radio on the counter. I turned it on to a music program.
>>7の続きです It was warm in the restaurant, and I was hungry. I helped myself to a glass of milk and a piece of pie, intending to keep a list of what I'd eaten so I could leave money. I also planned to get up very early, and sneak out through the window. I turned off the radio and fell asleep.
FMicrodroplets of solvents could easily get inside paint pores, where they would gobble up the resins. Conservators could then absorb them with a wet poultice.
GThe microemulsions were effective at removing not only synthetic polymers, but also organic materials such as soot and wax from burning candles, Giorgi says.
HUsing a new class of surfactants and new processing techniques, the Florence team has now brought down the concentration of hazardous solvents to less than one percent. Their new emulsions contain droplets as small as 10 nanometers. This increases their surface area per unit volume and enables conservators to use less-toxic concentrations of the solvents. The team describes its results in the May 22 Langmuir.
IAs an alternative to synthetic resins for saving frescoes, the Florence team favors the use of nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide, or slaked lime. These can also penetrate the paint's porous surface, providing a natural way of integrating them with the original, calcium carbonate-based paints.
JRamon Carrasco, an archaeologist at the National Institute of Anthropology and History in Campeche, Mexico, says that he has enlisted the help of the Florence team for preserving frescoes in the Mayan ruins of Calakmul, in the Yucatan. "We were very careful not to use synthetic resins," says Carrasco. "They prevent the original materials from breathing."
acrylic polymers 「アクリル樹脂」 synthetic chemicals 「合成化学物質」 pores 「孔」 perspiration 「蒸散」 sulfates 「硫酸塩」 photooxidization 「光酸化」 photo-は「光」を意味する連結形 collaborator 「協力者」 aromatic compounds 「芳香族化合物」ベンゼンを代表とする環状不飽和有機化合物。 water-based 「水性の」 microemulsions 「マイクロエマルション」乳濁液ともいう。液体の微小粒子がそれを溶かさない他の溶液の中に分解している系のこと。 surfactants 「界面活性剤」 gobble up 「吸収する」 poultice 「湿布」湿布薬のことだが、ここでは文字通り水気を含んだ布 class 「種類」 surface area per unit volume 「単位体積あたりの表面模」 Langmuir アメリカ化学学会が発行している化学雑誌。 nanoparticles 「ナノ粒子」 calcium hydroxide, or slaked lime 「水酸化カルシウム、すなわち消石灰」 calcium carbonate-based paints 「炭酸カルシウムをベースにした顔料」 the National Institute of Anthropology and History in Campeche, Mexico メキシコのカンペチェにある国立大頬学歴史学研究所 enlisted 「協力を得た」 The Mayan ruins of Calakmul, in the Yucatan 「ユカタン半島のカラクムル遺跡」カラクムルは古代マヤの大都市。
While other studies have shown that people become less materialistic as they age, the finding on immigrants is relatively new and may reflect their desire to assimilate, Lutz said.
“Wearing the right clothes and the right brands is one way to fit into a particular group,”he said.“Perhaps when newcomers want to find out what it's like here they say,‘Let's go to the mall and see what Americans buy.”’
One reason shopping has assumed greater importance in American society may be because churches, civic organizations ond other institutions have declined, Lutz said. The appearance of such aphorisms as“Born to Shop”and“I Shop, Therefore I Am”on bumper stickers reflect the prominent position shopping plays in consumer clture, he said.
At the beginning of her career as a professional musician, Abbie Conant was in Italy, playing for the Royal Opera of Turin. This was in 1980. That summer, she applied for eleven openings for various orchestra jobs throughout Europe. She got one response: The Munich Philharmonic Orchestra.“Dear Herr Abbie Conant," the letter began. In retrospect, that mistake should have set off an alarm in Conant's mind.The audition was held in the Deutsches Museum in Munich. There were thirty-three candidates and each played behind a screen, which made them invisible to the selection committee. Screened auditions were rare in Europe at that time. But one of the applicants was the son of someone in one of the Munich orchestras, so, for the sake of fairness, the Philharmonic decided to make the audition blind。Conant was number sixteen. She played Ferdinand David's Konzertino for Trombone, which is the usual audition piece in Germany, and missed one note (she cracked a G). She said to herself, That's it and went backstage and started packing up her belongings to go home. 注釈 Munich ミュンヘン Turin トリノ a G ト音 よろしくお願いします
Rassmea Salah, a 25-years-old, mused on the Web site of VITA, a nonprofit magazine that hosts the eight-page Yalla Italia insert once a month, about issues like whether or not to wear a burkini, a swimsuit designed for Muslim women.
@ They(=アメリカ系日本人) went to a school that was a combination of African-American students, Mexican-Americans and Mexicans, and children of recent immigrants from Vietnam and Laos. Expect for the African-American children, many of the children were first-generation Americans and their parents did not speak English. Even today, my children say that it is soothing for them to hear a language spoken that they do not understand. I often wonder about the children they went to school with in the US. Who will they marry? What will their own children look like? There are so many possibilities.
So you might say that diversity in the US is a very visible phenomenon. How about Japan? Japan has become a highly diverse society,but it is not as readily evident as in the US.
A To start out with, the highest numbers of non-Japanese in the country are Koreans and Chinese, both are ethnicities that blend in visually with Japanese.Many of these people have lived in the country for several generations.They are completely integrated into the society and speak Japanese as their first language.Many have Japanese names as well as Chinese or Korean names.The main point is that despite their cultural ''Japaneseness'', they do not have Japanese citizenship.Children of Japanese parents are eligible to receive Japanese citizenship no water where they are born.Children of non-Japanese parents will never be Japanese unless they are naturalized later in life. Ethnic Koreans and Chinese, as well as indigenous Japanese people, Ainu and Okinawans, comprise the main elements of diversity in Japanese society. The status of these people, both citizens and non-citizens, is very controversial.We the authors are looking forward with great anticipation to the day when we may discuss them more completely and openly.
As for food, in place of modern agriculture methods, which require petroleum for many aspects ranging from fertilizers to fuel for machines, they turned to local, organic farming. In the countryside, most food is now grown and eaten in the local community, with far less reliance on exports and importants. Even in the clowded city of Havana, about half the vegetables are grown inside the city. Cubans use organic fertilizers and grow crops on rooftop gardens and open spaces in the city. People are now eating diets based more on vegetables and fruits, and consuming fewer fats and meats. Their small-scaled, local agriculture has encouraged people to work together and strengthen community ties.
For energy, Cubants reduced fuel consumption and implemented small-scale renewable energy projects. Many households, school, and other facilities now have samll solar panels to provide basic energy needs. In dealing with limitations on fuel and other resources, people have adjusted by sharing things more. The goverment has also encouraged efficient public transportation, which has lessened the need for cars. The process of change has been difficult, but it shows how people can react positively to facing conditions of limited energy resources. In Cuba today, one often hears the phrase "Si, se puede"-"Yes, it can be done." As Cuban energy adviors Bruno Beres says. "There is climate change,... the crisis of energy... What we most know is that the world is changing and we must changes the way we see the world."
@For how can a coach ride really be a pilgrimage - except in so far as there is something penitential about sitting in a coach cooped up like chickens ? But the penance of a pilgrimage should consist in the physical exerition , not in the lack of it. Anyhow , here we were in Canterbury and inevitably thinking of Chaucer`s pilgrims.
AYes , Chaucer`s is the name that occurs to the mind of anyone eho comes to Canterbury. Yet Chaucer - unlike Marlowe in Shakespeare`s day , or Somerset Maugham in our own - had no personal connection with Canterbury. He was born a Londoner in the mid-fourteenth century. There he spent most of his life , and there he died and was buried , the first of the poets to lie in the famous Poets`Corner of Westminster Abbey. His connection with Canterbury is a purely literary one , derived - needless to say - from the title of his great poem or series of departure in London and its terminus in Canterbury.
"What the heck are you doing here, kid?" It was the man's voice. It was morning. I'd overslept. I was scared. "Hold it, kid. I just wanna know what you're doing here. You lost? You must be from the reservation. Your folks must be worried sick about you. Do they have a phone?" "Yes, yes," I answered. "But don't call them." I was shivering. The man, who told me his name was Ernie, made me a cup of hot chocolate while I explained about Ta-Na-E-Ka. "Darnedest thing I ever heard," he said, when I was through. "Lived next to the reservation all my life and this is the first I've heard of Ta-Na whatever-you-call-it." He looked at me, all goose bumps in my bathing suit. "Pretty silly thing to do to a kid," he muttered. That was just what I'd been thinking for months, but when Ernie said it, I became angry. "No, it isn't silly. It's a custom of the Kaw. We've been doing this for hundreds of years. My mother and my grandfather and everybody in my family went through this ceremony. It's why the Kaw are great warriors."
>>48の続きです。 "Okay, great warrior," Ernie chuckled," suit yourself. And, if you want to stick around, it's okay with me." Ernie went to the broom closet and tossed me a bundle. "That's the lost-and-found-closet," he said. "Stuff people left on boats. Maybe there's something to keep you warm." The seater fitted loosely, but it felt good. I felt good. And I'd found a new friend. Most important, I was surviving Ta-Na-E-Ka. My grandfather had said the experience would be filled with adventure, and I was having my fill. I stayed at Ernie's Riverside for the entire period. In the mornings I went into the woods and watched the animals and picked flowers for each of the tables in Ernie's. I had never felt better. I was up early enough to watch the sun rise on the Missouri, and I went to bed after it set. I was sorry when the five days were over. I'd enjoyed every minute with Ernie. He taught me how to make Western omelets and to make Chili Ernie Style (still one of my favorite dishes).
自分で和訳したんですがいまいちわからなかったので和訳お願いします。 ずっと前に載せたやつの続きです。 "I said, 'Mr. Edison, sir, let's try it on the dog.' Suddenly, Sparky barked and scratched to get out. But Edison held him down while I touched the wires to his ears. And that needle went higher and higher, clear across the dial, past a red mark on the dial face! '''My boy,' said Edison, 'the instrument must be broken, because that red mark is me.' "But it wasn't broken. It was working just fine. Just then, the dog stood up and started to unlock the door with his teeth, when Edison stopped him. '''So!' said Edison to Sparky. 'Man's best friend, huh? Dumb animal, huh?' "Sparky pretended not to hear. '''Pretty easy life, isn't it, Sparky?' said Edison. 'Let somebody else worry about getting food, building your home and keeping you warm. Just wag the tail or lick a hand, and you're all taken care of.' '''Look, Mr. Edison' said Sparky, 'Destroy the intelligence analyzer, and I'll tell you what to use for the light bulb.''' "I don't ' believe it. The dog talked?" said Bullard. "It's true. And in return for my silence, Sparky gave me an investment tip that made me wealthy. And the last words that Sparky ever spoke were to Thomas Edison. 'Try a piece of carbonized cotton thread.' Later, he was attacked and killed by a pack of dogs that had gathered outside the door, listening." Bullard stared at the stranger. The stranger pulled off his pant buttons and handed them to Bullard's dog. "A small gift, my friend, for an ancestor of yours who talked himself to death. Good day." He put his book under his arm and walked away.
Not long ago robots were seen only in science fiction movies like Star Wars or Terminator. Today, robots can be found everywhere. They're building cars, driving trains and probably making your favorite cookies.
A robot is a machine that can be programmed to do certain things that people or animals can do. To be called a robot, a machine has to be able to do two things. First, it must be able to do something physical such as walk or move objects. Second, it must be able to get information from its surroundings.
The idea of robots goes back nearly 3,000 years. Leonardo da Vinci drew plans for a mechanical man in 1495. However, real robots were not built until the 1950s and 60s after transistors and integrated circuits were invented.
The word robot comes from the Czech word robota, meaning forced work. It was first used to describe non-human workers in a fictional 1920s play by a Czech author.
Now robots are getting fester, cheaper and smarter. Although most robots in use today are designed to do only a few tasks, the goal is to someday make universal robots. Universal robots will be able to do just about anything a human can do―and more.
The Platonic Socrates consistently maintains that he knows nothing, and is only wiser than others in knowing that he knows nothing;but he does not think knowledge unobtainable. On the contrary, he thinks the search for knowledge of the utmost importance. He maintains that no man sins wittingly and therefore only knowledge is needed to make all men perfectly virtuous. The close connection between virtue and knowledge is characteristic of Socrates and Plato. To some degree, it exists in all Greek thought, as opposed to that of Christianity. In Christian ethics, a pure heart is the essential, and is at least as likely to be found among the ignorant as among the learned. This difference between Greek and Christian ethics has persisted down to the present day. Dialectic, that is to say, the method of seeking knowledge by question and answer, was not invented by Socrates. it seems to have been first practiced systematically by Zeno, the disciple of Paemenides; in Plato`s dialogue Parmenides, Zeno subjects Socrates to the same kind of treatment to which, elsewhere in Plato, Socrates subjects others.
The matters that are suitable for treatment by the Socratic method are those as to which we have already enough knowledge to come to a right conclusion, but have failed, through confusion of thought or lack of analysis, to make the best logocal use of what we know. A question such as "what is justice?" is eminently suited for discussion in a Platonic dialogue. We all freely use the words "just" and "unjust," and, by examining the ways in which we use them, we can arrive inductively at the definition that will best suit with usage. All that is needed is knowledge of how the words in question are used. But when our inquiry is concluded, we have made only a linguistic discovery, concluded, we have made only a linguistic discovery, not a discovery in only a linguistic discovery, not a discovery in ethics. 長くてすいません、困っているのでお願いします。
He was undoubtedly an Athenian citizen of moderate means, who spent his time in disputation, and taught philosophy to the young, but not for money, like the Sophists. He was certainly tried, condemned to death, and executed in 399 B.C., at about the age of seventy.He was unquestionably a well-known figure in Athens, since Aristophanes caricatured him in The Clouds. But beyond this point we become involved in controversy. Two of his pupils, Xenophon and Plato, wrote voluminously about him, but they said very different things.
There has been a tendency to think that everithing Xenophon says must be true, because he had not the wits to think of anything untrue. This is a very invalid line of argument. A stupid man`s report of what a clever man says is never accurate, because he unconsciously translates what he hears into something that he can understand. I would rather be reported by my bitterest enemy among philosophers than by a friend innocent of philosophy.
With Plato`s account of Socrates, the difficulty is quite a different one from what it is the case of Xenophon, namely, that it is very hard to judge how far Plato means to portray the historical Socrates, and how far he intends the person called "Socrates" in his dialogues to be merely the mouthpiece of of his own opinions. Plato, in addition to being a philosopher, is an imaginative writer of great genius and charm. No one supposes, and he himself does not seriously pretend, that the conversations in his dialogues took place just as he records them.
@"This is a story about a genie." AThe movie made by Stephen and Trace begins with this phrase. B"The genie was called out about sixty years ago and changed the world...forever." CWhat is the genie? DIt is a metaphor for the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. EAfter they were dropped,people at the time felt that they had let the genie out of the bottle,he could never go back. FThat is,once the genie was released from the bottle,he could never go back. GThe lives taken by the use of the atomic bombs could never come back,either. HIn 2006,the movie named"Genie in a Bottle:Unleashed"received plenty of praise from many people.
But the committee thought otherwise. They were amazed. Trained classical musicians say they can tell whether a player is good almost instantly― sometimes in just the first few bars ― and with Conant they knew. After she left the audition room, the Philharmonic's music director, Sergiu Celibidache, cried out, “That's who we want!" Somebody went backstage to find Conant. She came back into the audition room, and when she stepped out from behind the screen, she heard someone shout, “Was ist'n des? Meine Gotter!" They were expecting Herr Conant. This was Frau Conant. It was an awkward situation, to say the least. Celibidache was a conductor from the old school, a proud and strong-willed man with very definite ideas about how music ought to be played―and about who ought to play the music. What's more, this was Germany, the land where classical music was bom. To Celibidache, a woman could not play the trombone. The Munich Philharmonic had one or two women on the violin and the oboe. But those were “feminine" instruments. The trombone was masculine. It was the instrument that men played in military marching bands.
Conant joined the orchestra, and Celibidache was extremely upset. A year passed. In May of 1981, Conant was called to a meeting. She was told that she might be demoted to second trombone. No reason was given. Conant went on probation for a year, to prove herself again. It made no difference. At the end of the year, she was demoted. “You know the problem," Celibidache told her.“We need a man for the solo trombone." Conant had no choice but to take the case to court. The orchestra argued, “Conant does not possess the necessary physical strength to be a leader of the trombone section."Conant was sent to a medical clinic for extensive testing. Her lungs were extremely strong. The nurse even asked if she was an athlete. The case dragged on. The orchestra claimed that Conant's “shortness of breath was clearly obvious" in her performance of the famous trombone solo in Mozart's Requiem, even though the guest conductor of those performances had singled out Conant for praise. A special audition in front of a trombone expert was set up. Conant played seven of the most difficult passages in classical music. The expert said she was incredible. The orchestra claimed that she was unreliable and unprofessional. It was a lie. After eight years, she was reinstated as first trombone.
The world of classical music―particularly in its European home―was until fairly recently only for white men. Women, it was believed, simply could not play like men. They didn't have the strength, the character, or the ability for certain kinds of pieces・ Their lips were different. Their lungs were less powerful. Their hands were smaller。 But over the past few decades, the classical music world has undergone a revolution. In the United States, orchestra musicians began to organize themselves, They formed a union and fought for proper contracts, health benefits, and along with that came a push for fairness in hiring. An official audition committee was established instead of a conductor making the decision all by himself. Screens were erected between the committee and the auditioner. As these new rules were put in place around the country, an extraordinary thing happened: orchestras began to hire women. In the past years, screens have become commonplace, and the number of women in the top U.S. orchestras has increased fivefold. In Europe, too, more and more women have been hired in major orchestras. The efforts and struggles of pioneer women like Abbie Conant have paid off at last. まとめてですが、和訳よろしくお願いします
Part2 Grace came home on Christmas Day short visit from the hospital. She showed little interest in the hundreds of presents that she received from her friends. The next morning, Robert, Annie, and Grace went to see Pilgrim. They opened the door of the stable. “No! Oh, no!” Grace shouted. Pilgrim’s eyes were bloody and crazy. There were terrible cuts on his face. Several weeks later, Grace was getting better physically. She could walk quite well now with the help of her crutches. But something was wrong inside. Annie could see that something inside her daughter was slowly dying. “If Pilgrim were all right, he would be a great help to Grace,” she said to herself. Annie looked for someone to calm Pilgrim’s troubled heart. One day, she heard of Tom Booker, a horse whisperer in Montana. Horse whisperer can understand horses. They can calm the most troubled horses just by talking to them.
Part3 Tom Booker could see how much Grace and Pilgrim were joined in their suffering. “If I could help the horse, I could also help Grace,” he thought. Tom decided to do something for them. Day after day, he stayed with Pilgrim in the arena for some time. Weeks passed, but nothing changed. When Tom came near Pilgrim, the horse always moved away to a far corner. One day, however, little by little Pilgrim came to Tom. Tom was whispering something to Pilgrim. “Go on, Pilgrim. He won’t hurt you,” Grace thought. Pilgrim put his nose to Tom’s hands and smelled them. Tom just stood there and let him. At then moment, Grace was all happiness. Pilgrim’s show of trust changed everything. She knew that this change in herself was going to stay with her forever. Tom called Grace into the arena. She held her hands out below the horse’s nose. There was fear on both sides. Then Pilgrim put his nose to her hands and then to her face and hair.
Part4 A few weeks later, everyone Grace knew was there, at the side of the arena. They were waiting to see Grace ride on Pilgrim again. Tom rode Pilgrim slowly around the arena a few times. Grace stood next to her mother. She tried to stay calm. Then Tom got down from Pilgrim and walked over to Grace. She went to meet him. Her new leg felt good. “Ready?” he asked. He saw the worry in her face. “Sure.” Tom put his arm around her shoulders, and they walked over to Pilgrim. He lifted his ears when they came near. Tom stopped Grace a little way away from Pilgrim and went the final few steps alone. He put his hand on Pilgrim’s neck and his head close to the horse’s. Pilgrim never took his eyes off Grace. When Tom tried to bring the animal to Grace, Pilgrim refused to move. He lifted his head and looked down at Grace. He must have remembered that terrible moment of the accident.
Part5 “OK, Grace,” Tom said. “We’re going to try one more thing. I didn’t want to do this. But there’s something inside that horse that I can’t reach in any other way. I’m going to make him lie down.” Pilgrim fought long and hard. But finally he fell over on his side and laid his head on the sand. “Now, Grace, step up. Go on, step up in him,” Tom almost shouted. And she did. With tears falling down her face, she stood on the animal she loved most in the world. Tom helped Grace down and put his hands on her shoulders. He said, “Lying down like that was the worst thing for Pilgrim. But he found it was OK. Even you standing on him was OK. Now he know that the light comes only after the darkest hour.” Now Tom prepared the horse for riding and told Grace to get on. She felt no fear. She walked him first one way around the arena and then the other. Grace could feel Pilgrim under her, just like before. He was strong, trusting, and true.
和訳お願いします ORCを使ったので誤字があるかもしれませんがよろしくお願いします PART1 This is how I shall think of you, even when you are grown women with liule gtrls of your own -in the better world of the 21st century. And if I never meet your children, pass on to them the love I gave to you. But will you indeed inherit a better world? There is no way to know for sure, and perhaps it is just as well. However, even if we can't predict the future, we can make intelligent guesses so that events do not take us completely by surprise. In this sense, we do have some control over our future. Already in your short lives you have seen one of the greatest technological advances of all time- the computer. \bu sit down at the keyboard and create miracles beyond the imagination of anyone before the 20th century. Ybu take the most amaz- ing computer games for granted and when anyone mentions mouse, your generation doesn't think only of Mickey. You also live in a world unimaginably wider than the one I knew as a boy. Every day television and videos let you see more places and societies than anyone could visit in a lifetime. And much improved communications make it easy for you to com- municate instantly with people all over the planet. What future marvels will you see in your lifetime?
PART2 One effect of improved communications will be to create not merely a global village but a global family. How I wish that this would also ensure global peace, but that seems much too optimistic. However, communication is essential for civilization. Speech was one ofthe greatest ofmankind's inventions. It is no longer enough. For global communication, computers have become indispensable. In the past, nations and tribes had to learn to live with one another-and they are still learning, much too slowly. Now we must learn to live with something new and strange, the intelligent com- puters that our technology is creating. Don't believe those people who say that machines will never think-that merely proves that some humans can't think. It is true that AI, or artificial intelligence, may differ greatly from human intelligence. Indeed, why should we bother to create it if it was exactly the same? Our other machines aren't simply copies from nature. Airplanes don't flap their wings, and cars don't run on legs. AI will have its own type of logic, and its own way of doing things. Our greatest problem in the future may be adjusting to life with our new "mind children." However, AI can help us make a paradise of this planet and open the path to another world- the world of space.
PART3 I get angry when people just complain to me, "Why waste money on space when there is sti11 so much to be done on Earth?" But when the question is asked in honest curiosity, I am pleased to answer because it is an important question that needs to be answered. Even though billions have been wasted on weapons system s and senseless projects, our investm ent in space has improved our lives a great deal. For example, communication satellites are the very backbone of s the global telephone, television, and data systems. Weather satellites have saved thousands of lives-and could have saved more. A cyclone in the Bay of Bengal that killed half a million people was tracked by satellite, but the waming did not reach them in io time. We need to spend more, not less, money on the practical uses of space. This will bring benefits to people in the developing and the developed countries. Manned spaceflights to the Moon and planets may not be justified as cost-effective at this time. Few important things can be! To understand the real meaning of spaceflight, we s must go back to the begihning of time when life moved out of the sea onto dry land, which was the first vital step toward the development of intelligence. To evolve, we had to become exiles from our original home.
PART4 Now the time has come to make the next step in evolution-this time controlled, at least partIM by us. I have often thought, especially when scuba diving, that we don't really belong here on land, pulled down by gravity every moment of our lives. Our true destiny belongs in space. The diflicult part of space travel is escaping from the Earth's gravity. After that, it becomes much easier. As our engineering skills improve, human- kind will spread across the Solar System, as once it spread across the surface of this planet. First the Moon and then on to other planets. What will we find there? Much, I am sure, of enormous value-and the greatest treasures will be completely unexpected. I like to remind my American friends that when their Congress bought Alaska in 1867, it was thought by most-at two cents an acre-to be a huge waste of money on a worthless wilderness. In the long run, the Solar System wi11 be an even better bargain. And it may not even be a very long run, in terms of history. Will you one day set foot on the Moon or other worlds? I wish I could knovsL But whatever the future brings, I hope you will remember the uncle who loved you and longed for you to see a happier 21st century. 以上です。
when fortnum & mason,the classy london department store,advertised for a chocolate buyer,hundreds of people applied for the position. obviously,knowing a lot abnut chocolate is very important for a chocolate buyer. the buyer must travel around the world tasting all kinds of chocolate:dark,milk,bitter and white. being knowledgeable about products that are made with chocorate,such as truffles,is important too. after selecting and purchasing a product,the buyer arranges for it to be sent to london. there it is sold from the gourmet food section at the department store. on the day that the advertisement appeared in the newspapers,32 friends emailed chloe doutre-roussel telling her to apply for this dream job.they knew how much chloe loved eating chocolate.
so chloe applied for the job. at her interview she explained that she was currently working as an economist for the united nations, could speak several languages fluently and enjoyed traveling more importantly,she told them that she was a chocoholic.''i'm hooked on chocolate,''she told them. ''i keep hundreds of different kinds of chocolate in my home and there are specialty chocolates in every drawer of my desk at the UN. realizing this,my coll eagues visit me every afternoon around teatime. i'm a popular person!'' lucky chloe got the job.the interviewers admired her passion for chocolate and her knowledge of many different chocolate products. chloe is now working hard for fortnum & mason,tasting and eating chocolate every day. what a life! お願いします
But Ta-Na-E-Ka was over, and as I approached my house, at about nine-thirty in the evening, I became nervous all over again. What if Grandfather asked me about the berries and the grasshoppers? And my feet were hardly cut. I hadn't lost a pound and my hair was combed. "They'll be so happy to see me," I told myself hopefully, "that they won't ask too many questions." I opened the door. My grandfather was in the front room. He was wearing the ceremonial beaded deerskin shirt which had belonged to his grandfather. "Yachi," he said. "Welcome back." I embraced my parents warmly, letting go only when I saw my cousin Roger sprawled on the couch. His eyes were red and swollen. He'd lost weight. His feet were an unsightly mass of blood and blisters, and he was moaning: "I made it, see. I made it. I'm a warrior. A warrior." My grandfather looked at me strangely. I was clean, obviously well-fed, and radiantly healthy. My parents got the message. My uncle and aunt gazed at me with hostility.
>>97の続きです Finally my grandfather asked, "What did you eat to keep you so well?" I sucked in my breath and blurted out the truth: "Humburgers and milkshakes." "Hamburgers!" my grandfather growled. "Milkshakes!" Roger moaned. "You didn't say we had to eat grasshoppers," I said sheepishly.
The changing population structure and the shift to the nuclear family living in an impersonal urban setting no doubt are factors in the change. Older persons do still command respect, in language and in actions. But the very special role of older people is lessened - witness the enforcement of an age limit for parliamentarians by the current prime minister, despite great protest from a distinguished predecessor of advanced years who was summarily displaced, the Koizumi-Nakasone confrontation
Bringing up bilingual children is,as anyone who has been down that road knows,what Japanese people call "shinanno waza",or an arduous task. My wife and I have four children who are bilingual in English and Japanese, so we know. By being bilingual, they are also bicultural,which means that they possess inside them two cultures and feel equally at home in eigher. A book by Mary Besemeres and Anna Wierzbicka, Translating Live(University of Queensland Press,2007),is a fascinating study--seen through the personal experiences of 12 bilingual people--of the gains,losses,thrills and heartaches of 12 growing up with two or,in some cases,more languages and cultures.
Reading these personal histories,which cover languages as diverse as Korean,Polish and Portuguese,among others,reminded me how enriching (and often frustrating) the multilingual experience can be. Another language is a complex metaphor that covers all emotions and the modes of communicating them. It is not only that we say things differently in another languages; we frequently say different things. In other words,we are different people:We have another self;but that self only expresses itself in "the other" languages.
Another principle based in common law is that police officers ,even with warrants,must knock on the door of a house and announce that they are police officers ,as heard in many films : “Open up. It`s the police!” Let`s look at a case taken to the Supreme Court in which the defense attorney tried unsuccessfully to argue that the “knock and announce” principle must always be enforced.
@When army ants use their own bodies to plug tiny potholes in rough trails, the whole colony benefits, a new study has found.
AWithout those instant road repairs, a colony's daily catch of food can drop by as much as 30 percent, say Scott Powell, now at the Federal University of Uberlandia in Brazil, and Nigel Franks of the University of Bristol in England. As the ants race along paths to and from food, filling holes helps prevent traffic backups, Powell explains.
BMany species of army ants send out relentless columns of hunters at night or underground, but Powell and Franks focused on Eciton burchellii, which preys aboveground during the day. Colonies of these ants grow 700,000 strong.
CRather than building nests, they spend the night in ant-gripping-ant balls dangling from an anchor point, such as the side of a tree. As dawn breaks, up to 200,000 foragers swarm out. "The pitter-patter of millions of little feet sounds a lot like rain," says Powell.
DThe ants' goal: to prey on other ant species, various spiders, or even something as big as a scorpion. When the leading edge of a column of foragers catches up to a victim, the army ants form a mass, grab hold of the prey, inject enzyme-rich venom to weaken it, and pull it apart.
ERaiders carry bits of the victim back to the main colony, where other workers are tending the youngsters. During an entire day's expedition, the hunters maintain one principal two-way trail, from 3 to 12 ants wide, back to the rest of the colony.
FTo examine how pothole filling affects the well-being of the colony, Powell inserted a variety of wood strips, drilled with holes, into the ants' principal trail.
GAs the first ant reached a hole, it stretched across and rocked, as if measuring the fit. A big ant didn't bother to plug a small hole but left it for a smaller comrade. If an ant fit, it would hold a characteristic road-repair posture for as long as traffic continued to race over it. Then the ant would pop out of the hole and rush on.
H"As trivial as pothole plugging may seem, Powell and Franks have empirically demonstrated how such behavior can contribute to colony fitness, and that makes it important," comments army ant specialist William Gotwald Jr. of Utica College in New York.
IRelatively large foragers lugging food run at an average of 8 centimeters per second, Powell reports. The pothole repairs help prevent the ants from getting stuck on a narrow stretch of trail where they'd have to slow to the pace of smaller raiders. The smaller ants travel on average about 6 cm/s, the researchers report online and in an upcoming Animal Behaviour.
J"It's a great example of a novel function where a small investment yields big efficiency gains," says Sam Beshers of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who studies the organization of ant colonies and other biological systems.
注釈です。 Pothole「穴ぼこ」 Pals「仲間たち」L.25のcomradeも同じ意味。タイトルのPothole Palsには、「穴ぼこ」からくるマイナス面の連想と、「仲間たち」からくるプラス面での連想が生むミスマッチの面白さと、軽快な[p]の音の重なりが意識されている。 pave「(道路などを)舗装する」この場合は、アリが身体で穴ぼこをふさぐ行動を指す。 fellow raiders「襲撃者仲間」 army ants 「グンタイアリ」数万におよぶ働きアリがいるコロニーを形成し、定まった巣を持たずに隊列を組んで行軍する。小動物などを集団で襲う。 colony「ハチやアリの群生する集団」 can drop by as much as 30 percent「30%も落ち込みかねない」as much asは多さを強調して「〜ほども多く」という意味。
relentless columns 「仮借なき戦列」column(「行列」)に軍隊のイメージが重ねられている。 Eciton burchellii 「バーチェルグンタイアリ」群れで行動する規律の厳しいグンタイアリの一種。 700,000 strong「総勢700,000匹」 in ant-gripping-ant balls dangling from an anchor point 「アリ同士がしがみつきあい、固定された一地点(anchor point)から球状にぶら下がって」 foragers「襲撃者」グンタイアリのこと。副題のraidersも同じ。 The pitter-patter ... feet 「何百万の小さな足がたてる途切れることのない音」pitter-patterは、早く連続的な雨音、足音などのヒタヒタいう音。 leading edge「先頭」 enzyme-rich venom「酵素を多量に含んだ毒」 one principal two-way trail 「1本の主要な両面交通の道」 well-being「安泰」 as if measuring the fit「自分の寸法に合うかどうかを測るように」 pop out of 〜「〜からひょいと飛び出す」 As trivial as...may seem, = Though...may seem trivial, empirically「経験にもとづいて」 colony fitness「群れの生存能力」 getting stuck「立ち往生する」 6cm/s = six centimeters per second Animal Behaviour 動物行動学や行動生態学に関するイギリスの学術誌。 a small investment…gains 「小さな投資が大きな効率向上をもたらす」仲間のアリのために穴をふさぐ行動(a small investment)によって、効率よくエサが獲得できること。
@Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. During his lifetime he was known by a number of other names, including Detroit Red, Satan, and El-Hajj Malik Shabazz. Since his death he has been remembered, variously, as a hustler, convict, preacher, political activist, radical, prophet, and savior. While each of these terms may characterize a given period of his life, none of them alone in understanding who Malcolm X really was. AIn the period when Malcolm’s life began, the United States was experiencing a resurgence of racism. Race riots erupted in 26 cities during 1919. In the 1920s discriminatory immigration limits were placed on people of African descent. Also in that decade, Ku Klux Klan membership reached its all-time peak. At the same time, new urban black communities in the north, west and Midwest(communities created as large numbers of blacks left the depressed South in search of jobs)served as bases for the cultural expression of their social realities in Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association, Both of Malcolm’s parents were active in Garvey’s movement, which, with its emphasis on black pride and the importance of Africa for the AfricanAmerican, would figure vitally in Malcolm’s ompressionable early years.
BWhen Malcolm was six his father was killed, possibly by white separatists. At that time, the United States and much of the rest of the Western would were in the early years of the Great Depression. Racism and discrimination were now joined by decreased opportunities to earn a living While World War II brought a general end to the Depression, Malcolm’s family did not outlast its stresses. The dual impact of his father’s death and the economic pressures of the time eroded the Littles’ base of strength; by granted. His brothers and sisters scattered, and his mother wound up in a mental hospital. After living in a series of foster homes and dropping out of school at the end of eighth grade, Malcolm went to stay with his half sister Ella in Boston. CIn his teens he became an active participant in the underworlds of both Boston and New York City; and in 1946, after five years of this life-style, he was convicted of burglary and prison. While in Prison Malcolm began to read and study, widely and intensively. He joined the Nation of Islam. DWithin a year of his release on parole in 1952 he had shed the American slave heritage of his surname and, like other Black Muslims, adopted X ━ to symbolize the unknown family name of his African ancestors. Within a year, too, he had become a minister for his newfound religion. Elijah Muhammad, the spiritual leader of Nation, was now his mentor. Over the next decade Malcolm became the Nation’s most articulate and energetic spokesman, using his position and well-developed speaking skills to help it grow from a membership of a few hundred into a truly national congregation with, by 1960, some 10,000 members, 40 temples and missions, and 30 radio stations.
EDuring the years when Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam were rising to national prominence, the United States was looking at a world of changed alignments. Relationships between the nations of Europe and the rest of the world were drastically altered by the war and by the increasingly successful claims to independence by colonies in Asia and Africa. While the world was dealing with the winding down of colonialism, the United States was also encountering challenges to its domestic brand of colonization through the civil rights movement. FIn 1954 the Supreme Court decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education overturned the ‘’separate but equal’’ basis for racial segregation in the public schools that had stood as law since 1896. The next year, seamstress Rosa Parks, by refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama, city bus, added the active voice of the people to those of the NAACP legal term in the Montgomery bus boycott. The yearlong boycott also brought its main organizer, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and his Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to the forefront of the movement. Adding civil disobedience and nonviolent protest to the fight against the forces of segregation, the movement grew and drew national attention.
GIn March 1964 Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam and formed Muslim Mosque, Inc. He then embarked on a hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca, the Muslims’ holy city. Upon his return, he formed the Organization of Afro American Unity (OAAU), patterned after the Organization of African Unity. In late 1964, after an extended visit to the Middle East and Africa, where he met with leaders of recently independent nations such as Ghana and Algeria, he returned to the United States to pursue a ‘’new’’ direction. HHis initiatives were aimed at finding ways to enable black Americans to gain economic and political control of their communities, as well as at encouraging African-Americans and emerging African nations. However, he did not have the opportunity to fully develop his new organizations or his new thinking, On February 21, 1965, just before beginning a speech at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City, he was assassinated
Having become accustomed to the convenience of the media , we often fail to check the truth of what we see or read. However, we need to remember that the information we receive is controlled. Suppose you made a report on a soccer game in which your school team played. you would probably focus on your team, even if they lost the game. in this way you would be controlling and presenting information based on your viewpoint. Similarly, the news you read or watch is carefully controlled by the editors. Compare the same piece of news in three or four major newspapers. You will often find that the same story is reported differently in each one. Among the information in news reports, pictures have an important role . We tend to believe that what is presented in a photo is real. However , photos can be edited depending on the intention of the editor.
@ Collecting fossils is fascinating not only for paleontologists ― experts who identify and study them ― but for people of all ages as well.
The narrow beach under the huge white cliffs called the Seven Sisters, in East Sussex, England, is an ideal site for fossil hunting.
A At Seven Sisters, you do not need to crack open a rock to see if a fossil is embedded, nor do you have to dig through layers of soil in hope of discovering a relic of prehistoric times.
All you have to do is search carefully among the white rocks at the base of one of the cliffs.
If you are lucky you can find a fossil of ancient seaweed, fish bones or even an entire impression of sea urchin.
The best time for fossil hunting at Seven Sisters is after a heavy rain or a stormy high tide when erosion lays more fossils bare.
B But beware of falling rocks, which are not uncommon after a heavy rain.
The cliff face is constantly being eroded.
Every year, some 30 to 40 centimeters of the cliff face disappears due to erosion.
Also, large chunks of the cliff edge can sometimes break off and fall down.
Accordingly, fossil hunters are advised not to get too close to the cliff.
Besides hunting for fossils on the beach, be sure to walk along the shoulder of the cliffs on the British National Trail.
You are sure to discover a view point that commands a splendid view of the cliff peaks and the English Channel.
CHow was such an ideal place created geologically?
It is believed that the chalky white rock was formed under the sea more than 80 million years ago.
First, the bodies of marine creatures, along with algae and seashells, began to accumulate on the ocean floor.
Then, this sediment was compressed by the water to create a soft stratum of chalk.
This type of limestone consists mainly of calcium carbonate, which gives it its distinctive white color.
D Some time later, a huge movement of the Earth's crust elevated this ocean floor far above sea level.
This geologic event formed a large piece of land, connecting what is present-day southern England and the western part of France.
E The land served as a bridge to England until the end of an ice age some hundreds of thousands of years ago.
As the ice and snow melted, swelling floodwaters rushed southward and cut through the land. Enormous amounts of soil and rock were carried away.
A second huge flood, and many years of erosion, created the English Channel as it exists today.
F The Seven Sisters thus reveal more fossils each year, relics of their time which would otherwise have stayed in their ancient home.
That home was once at the bottom of the sea, then underground, and now is in the form of the glaring white cliffs that can be seen form France and are such a symbol of England.
・1つ目 In the 21st century, tsunamis and hurricanes have caused some of the most extensive damage and fear, other than terrorism and war. We should understand the different causes of tsunamis and hurricanes. Tsunamis are created by geological events, while hurricanes and typhoons are caused by events, while hurricanes and typhoons are caused by weather events. Tsunamis are extremely wide waves. They can travel at speeds of up to 1,000 km/hr. Today more people are affected by tsunamis because larger populations live in dangerous areas close to the sea and bacause we have destroyed environments such as coastal mangrove forests and wetlands that formerly protected people. Hurricanes are giant revolving masses of clouds and low-pressurs air that can from when air passes over ocean water that is warmer than about 27 degrees. Researchers believe that hurricanes are getting stronger recently because of a rise in ocean temperatures caused by global warming. Extream natural events like hurricanes and tsunamis can be thought of as cries hurricanes and tsunamis can be thought of as cries from the earth.
Peak oil refers to the time when world oil production will reach a maximum and go when world oil production will reach a maximum and go into an irreversible decline, forcing us to radically change our way of life. Actually, the crash has already happende in Cuba. After the fall of the Soviet Union, and with the continuing economic embargo by the US, Cuba was suddenly cut off from more than half of its oil supplies. But Cubans responded by developeing creative alternative energy and agricultural methods that show promise for the whole world, as we all face the end of abundant oil. As for foods, they turned to local, organic farming. For energy, Cubans reduced fuel consumption and implemented small-scale renewable energy project. Many households, schools, and other facilities now have small solar panels to provide basic energy needs. With less consumption, people shere more. What we must know is that the world is changing and that we must change the way we see the world.
At the turn of the 20th century a Samoan chief (Tuiavii) spoke to his people about Western civilization. He was impressed by the wonders of modern society, but he felt that Westerners, the “Papalagi” had become slaves of their technology.
In 1920 a German writer published a book of the chief’s speeches. The book was later translated into English and became a best-seller.
We don’t know if there ever was a real “Tuiavii” but the words he is supposed to have spoken are interesting and give us a new way of looking at our lives. When he talks about how Westerners understand time, he contrasts the busy life style of the West with the more relaxed life of Samoans.
The Papalagi love the round metal and the heavy paper, and they love to drink much liquid made from fruit. But above all things, they love what cannot be held but is still there-the time. They make much foolish talk about it.
The Papalagi are never happy with their time, and they complain to the Great Spirit that they have not been given more of it. They divide their day as one would divide a coconut into small squares. All parts have their name: second, minute, hour. I cannot understand this, because it makes me dizzy to think about such foolish matters. But the Papalagi make a great body of learning out of it. The men, the women, and even children who can hardly stand on their own legs, carry a small, flat, round machine from which they can read the time. In addition, there are much larger and heavier time machines, which stand inside the huts or hang from the highest roofs, so that they can be seen from far off. When part of the time is gone, the machine screams and its spirit strikes against the iron in its heart. Yes, there is a great noise in a European town.
When this time noise happens, the Papalagi complain; the time escapes me! Then, they make a sad face, even though a new hour has just arrived. I have never understood this, but I think that it may be a sickness. Suppose that the Papalagi want to do something they might want to go into the sunshine, or take their boat down the river they will usually spoil their desire, thinking, I was not given time to be happy. The time is there, but no matter how hard they try, they cannot see it. They name a thousand things which take time from them and bend over their work, even though no one but themselves forces them to do it.
Until the 1980s, it was an wxtremely unhealthy place to live, with open sewers beside roads and lanes breeding a variety of diseases. Infant mortali―ty was high, and constant medical bills prevented families from saving any of their income. Appeals to the city govern-ment for help were ignored. Then Dr.Akhter Hameed Khan was invited to come up with a solution. He founded the Orangi Pilot Project to consult the residents about what they needed and then proposed a sewage system which would be financed and managed by the residents themselves. Using a simple design developed by OPP`s own engineers and archi-tects, the residents of each streer were able to build their own covered sewers that linked up to the city system. The consultation and self-help approach to the sewage problem led to further initiatives in health, family planning and education. Now infant mortality in Orangi has fallen far below that of neighboring settlements, the literacy rate is idents is now being passed on to other informal settlements in Pakistan. Western critics of aid to developing countries frequently complain that the recipients are doing nothing to help them-selves. On the contrary, some of the world`s poorest people are taking the initiative to overcome enormous problems, with just a little help from overcome enormous problems, with just a little help from people like Professor Yunus,Bunker Roy and Hameed Khan.
>>122が少し間違ってました; 正しくは以下です。おねがいいたします。 Until the 1980s, it was an wxtremely unhealthy place to live, with open sewers beside roads and lanes breeding a variety of diseases. Infant mortali―ty was high, and constant medical bills prevented families from saving any of their income. Appeals to the city govern-ment for help were ignored. Then Dr.Akhter Hameed Khan was invited to come up with a solution. He founded the Orangi Pilot Project to consult the residents about what they needed and then proposed a sewage system which would be financed and managed by the residents themselves. Using a simple design developed by OPP`s own engineers and archi-tects, the residents of each streer were able to build their own covered sewers that linked up to the city system.
The consultation and self-help approach to the sewage problem led to further initiatives in health, family planning and education. Now infant mortality in Orangi has fallen far below that of neighboring settlements, the literacy rate is double the Pakistani average and the expertise of Orangi res-idents is now being passed on to other informal settlements in Pakistan. Western critics of aid to developing countries frequently complain that the recipients are doing nothing to help them-selves. On the contrary, some of the world`s poorest people are taking the initiative to overcome enormous problems, with just a little help from overcome enormous problems, with just a little help from people like Professor Yunus,Bunker Roy and Hameed Khan.
I said could you make the picture of Kaori-chan not pregnet you know what I mean I'm saying not knocked up just a normal body like her naked but not pregnet with a belly that's what I mean. I'm not saying I don't like the picture I just mean I would like to see her body without a pregnet body. It would so be a sweet and sexy picture.
どなたかお願いします; The tourist industry has a major influence on the global economy, employing more workers than any other industry and handling huge sums of money. It also has a great impact on the global environment: resorts are constructed in eco-logically sensitive areas; roads are built through forests; wet-lands are drained to make way for airports and golf courses; scarce water supplies are diverted for use in swimming pools; and the planes which carry tourists to faraway destinations contribute to global warming and ozone depletion.
In the 1980s, a new type of tourism appeared which sought to benefit, rather than harm, the local environment. The new ecotours took travelers to rainforests, coral reefs, mangrove swamps and other endangered eco-systems, thus demonstrating their potential economic value to local gov-ernments and convincing them of the need to protect them. Such tours were very appealing to tourists, being cheap and yet exotic, relaxing and yet full of adventure. They were also very attractive to local governments because they required very little new infrastructure. In the case of the huge Taman Negara National Park in Malaysia, for example, all visitors come in by boat-a three-hour journey through pristine rainforest-and stay in very simple cabins; and they pay a fee which is used to maintain the park.
なんとなく意味はわかるのですがどう和訳すればいいのかわからず困ってます。どなたか和訳お願いします; Toichiro Nakashima, the founder of Kewpie Corporation, first encountered mayonnaise in the United States in 1915. Delighted to discover that the egg-based dressing could taste so delicious, and coming to the conclusion that nutrient-filled mayonnaise could play a part in improving the physique of Japanese, Nakashima resolved to introduce it in Japan, Named after the the-popular doll, Kewpie Mayonnaise was put on the market in 1925. Kewpie achieved consolidated sales of 423.7 billion yen in fiscal 2004 and celebrated the 80th anniversary of mayonnaise sales in 2005. Kewpie has expanded and diversified to become a major player in the food industry. The two pillars of Kewpie are mayonnaise and dressings on the one hand, and fruit applications and cooked food on the other. These two mainstay businesses have spawned four peripheral businesses over the years: the egg, healthcare, vegetable and salad, and the distribution system businesses. The common goal is to contribute to a healthy diet to people at various life stages, as seen its slogan, “Food, for ages 0-100.” The company’s commitment to quality is clearly seen in their factory automation (FA) and traceability systems. When Kewpie started to branch out into production of baby foods and dressings in the 1960s, the factory workers began to voice their concerns about quality control in the production line. As Kewpie sold only safe and reliable products, anything that was suspect was not shipped out. On-the-job stress and material waste converting its eight factories to FA was completed.
先ほどの続きです The switch to FA proved to be a prescient action. InJne 2002, after a series of public health problems and consumer distrust in the food industry, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries issued a statement that food traceability be introduced. Kewpie’s 15-year experience in FA enabled it to become one of the first major processed food manufacturers to comply. In its system, 10 processes (e.g., raw material stock, measuring, sterilization, packing) are recorded onto a two-dimensional code label. In addition, a quality assurance (QA) numer is printed on the container of product, Kewpie’s traceability system is presently employed in four hospitals to prevent errors in medication. About 9% of the eggs consumed in Japan are used, handled, and sold by Kewpie. This amonts to approximately 230000 metric tons a year, and Kewpie wastes nothing. The egg yolk is used for mayonnaise, the egg white in other products; the eggshells become soil improvement agents or calcium-fortified products, and even the shell membrane is recycled. Kewpie has moved into the fine chemicals market, supplying products such as lysozyme and sodium hyaluronate to food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic manufactures.
Kewpie’s entry into the healthcare business is a marketing strategy to sell its products to a wider range of people. It 1960 the sales of baby food commenced, and 12 year later, kewpie entered the health foods market. It introduced low-calorie foods in 1995 and nursing care food products in 1998. Post-operative patients and home-care patients unable to consume ordinary food can avail themselves of Kewpie’s therapeutic and liquid diets. In fiscal 2002 and 2004, healthcare sales accounted for 5% of total consolidated sales, but sales rose from 13.3 billion to 14.3 billion yen. Starting out as a mayonnaise producer, Kewpie has turned itself into a successful food industry support system. No matter what our age, we have undoubtedly encountered a Kewpie product and will continue to do so. 長くなって申し訳ないですが、お願いします。 一応補足しておきます。 FA=factory automation=工場のオートメーション化 traceability=追跡可能性
The message bsent by Yalla Italia also serves as an antidote to more sensationalistic reports in the mainstream Italian media that tend to fuel insecurity―or resentment― about Islamic immigration.
The interior minister, Robert Maroni of the anti-immigrant Northern League party, expressed concerns about ''second generation radical immigrant groups,'' warning that Italy risked ''a situation like the Parisian banlieues,'' the disaffected suburbs of the French capital with large immigrant populations where rioting erupted in 2005.
Somewhere between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago, man's first clash with nature may have begun. Historians and philosophers agree that since the development of agriculture, human beings have had an effect on the natural surroundings of many plant and animal species. As human populations have increased, so had the death of other living things: As many as 6,000 species are disappearing each year from deforestation, a number 10,000 times greater than before man appeared on the plant. Each minute of the day, approximately twenty-six hectares (about the same size as thirty-seven football fields) of forest are cleared. As a result, thousands of species have been wiped out.
In 1973, the United States Congress took an important step to help the ever-increasing number of endangered species; it passed a law known as the Endangered Species Act. Through this law, the government officially recognizes the right of all species to share life on the planet. The law orders protection for "endangered species," those which are likely to become endangered in the near future. The act has already helped to save the gray wolf, the bald eagle, and the alligator from extinction. At the same time, the act has been powerful in changing or stopping many plans for construction and development. For example, a project to widen a highway in Illinois was rerouted in order to protect a rare plant, the prairie bush clover. The construction of a dam was stopped in Tennessee to protect a tiny endangered snail.
With the enforcement of the Endangered Species Act, some species have gained more public recognition than others. Some conservation groups have pushed to protect those endangered animals that people love and adore. Elephants, whooping cranes, whales and the spotted owl, for example, have received far more media attention than have the smaller, less known, and less attractive species that are also endangered. The World Wildlife Fund asserts that the large animals, such as the giant panda, inspire conservation, which helps all species. But, as a matter of fact, it is the tiny species, such as bacteria, that keep the planet in balance. Scientists are becoming ever more concerned with the fact that without equal concern for these species, the planet's biological diversity will be destroyed, leaving us with a loss of potential new foods and drugs.
和訳お願いします。 For many years I have written about language acquisition in articles and books. My feeling has always been that because people in all countries run the emotional gamut of human types, anything you can say in one language can be said in another. Of course,nuance differs,and often connotations do not coincide in two languages,even when meaning does. But we are all human,and as such share aspirations,hopes,fears,hates and loves.
One of the themes of Translating Lives is that each language has its own emotional context. The authors list many examples of when words in one language failed them,and they wished they could substitute words from another and be understood.
When my wife,four children and I moved from Kyoto to Sydney in 2001 after many years in Japan,we often,like many similar families,found ourselves putting Japanese words into our English conversation. This was fine among ourselves,but it sometimes caused embarrassment in the company of others. It can appear pretentious to use foreign words when they are not called for.
It's really zannen (too bad),"said my wife,"that ojisan (uncle) couldn't come tonight."
Yeah,"I replied. Maybe I'll see him at the daigaku (university)tomorrow."
Some of you reading this may also have engaged in this sort of chanpon (mix-it-in)conversation.
The trouble was that some of our relatives were at our home when we had that conversation,relatives who never lived in Japan and knew no words of Japanese except sushi,manga and karaoke.
They naturally looked at each other and wondered,"Who on earth are they talking about?
Some Papalagi say that they never have time. They run around without design,and wherever they go they cause unhappiness. This is a sickness which cannot be cured by any medicine. Because all Papalagi have this fear of their time,they know exactly how many times the moon and the sun have risen since they themselves saw the great light for the first time. This is so important that it is celebrated with eating ceremonies. How often have I felt that others pitied me when I was asked how old I was and when I laughed and could not tell. "You have to know how old you are." I thought it was better if I did not know.
There are only a few people who have enough time. Perhaps there are none at all. That is why most run through life like a rock thrown through the air. Almost all of them look down on the ground when they walk and throw their arms as far ahead of themselves as they can, to be able to move faster.
@ Finally we find diversity among people of Japanese heritage. These are the pioneers, the ones who are changing Japan because they dare to be different.
People with disabilities have traditionally been kept out of the mainstream. How much did society lose without their input before the modern day? Now we see children in wheelchairs at local school where, just by being there,they teach the other children how important it is to accept and learn from everyone. Artists with disabilities offer us their works, teachers with disabilities offer information that nobody else is capable of providing.
And of course,we have the freethinkers. These are the Japanese who feel free to follow their own interests and do things according to their own schedules. As a developing country, Japan benefited from the willingness of people to conform.
A Their wholehearted efforts brought Japan into the twenty-first century as a world leader. Now, however, many people, particularly youth, find it impossible to fit into molds that society has prepared for them. They need to know that things can be approached from many directions and that there are different ways to do things and still thrive as a member of society.
There are three different types of readings in this book. Some are original essays about the authors' personal acquaintances. Others are English translations of pieces that were originally published in Japanese. There are also articles that were published English, which are presented here in their original form. Each is the parsonal story of someone who contributes to the diversity of Japan――the country we all call "Home".
和訳、よろしくお願いします。 There are many benefits of reading books aloud to young children. First, reading aloud is a wonderful opportunity for parents to spend time in close contact with their children. After a busy day, reading a book can be a relaxing way for a family to slow down and communicate. Another important feature of reading aloud is that many books have thoughtful ideas or moral messages. Parents and children can explore these concepts together. In addition, listening to stories helps a child learn vocabulary and sentence structure. Moreover, some researchers believe that reading aloud to a child actually stimulates learning and benefits brain development. Studies have shown that children do better in school when their parents have read to them frequently. Psychologists, doctors, teachers, and librarians encourage parents to read aloud on a regular basis to assist the development of the child and build strong family relationships.
Everyone knows that American and British Enflish are different. But how exactly are they different?
First of all, they sound different. For example, when an American says "center," you can hear the "r," but you can't hear the "t," so the word is pronounced "senner." On the other hand, when a British person says "center," you can hear the "t," but you can't hear the "r." Thus, the word is pronounced "sentah."
American and British English also have different words for some things. For instance, "chips" to an American means potato chips, while "chips" to a British person are what Americans call french fries.
Many expressions are different in the two countries, too. Americans use the words "great" or "cool" or "awesome" to describe something they like, whereas British people might say "lovely" or "brilliant" or "smashing."
There are also differences in grammar and spelling. Americans usually say, "Do you have a pen," while British people say, "Have you got a pen?" Differences in spelling include "center," "color" and "traveled" for Americans, and "centre," "colour" and "travelled" for British people.
Why are there differences between American and British English? It is because when the same language is used in different places, over time it changes diffrently in each place.
On the other hand,in a religious age like the fourteenth century in England,such a journey naturally takes the form of a pilgrikage. And so,Chaucer adds,peaple from all over England make their way to Canterbury,to the shrine of St. Thomas a Becket,who had been murdered in his own cathedral at the orders of King Henry U some two centuries before. They go there to pray at his tomb and to thank him for having heiped them when they were sick.
Perhaps you have heard the expression "media literacy." This means the ability to look at the informaion in the critically, and use it as a communication tool like language. In order to acquire media literacy, you must be carefull not to become a passive receiver of information. For example, when you read the newspaper or watch TV news, try to think about and examine issues for yourself. It is also a good idea to communicate your own opinions to your family or friends. You can even express your ideas by using the Internet. The media have evolved a long way. They will always be evolving, becoming more vivid, convincing and powerfull. As a result, they will have an even greater influence on people's minds and lives in the future. So it is getting more and more important to learn how to make use of the media in order to understand our world.
in the past,given names were only used to speak to children or servants. children called their parents''mother''or''father,''or even''sir''or''ma'am''. in schools and universities,teachers made students address men as''sir'',older women as''madam,''and younger women as ''miss.'' until very recently,most teachers had their students call them mr.''so-and-so''or mrs.''such-and-such.'' nowadays,however,titles are used more informally. to encourage close working relationships,a boss usually calls his or her employees by their given names,and vice versa. to create a relaxed atmosphere,many teachers do not use a title either. and more and more parents have their children call them by their given names. this is especially handy for split families. children usually find it difficult to call stepparents''mom''or''dad''so ''dave''or''mary''is easier. お願いします
訳お願いします! Adult Schemas Recognition is mainly Assomilation - taking in the surroumdings , checking that things are the same , provides comfort and security. Learning,on the other hand,is mainly Accmmodation - adding new information to change existing knowledge. From the above examples,it follows that people need to experience both recognition (existing things) and learning (new things) on a daily basis. If there was too much recognition - if everything stayed the same - then life would be boring. If there was too much leang - i.e.constant newness - then life would be confusing. Summary : The development and use of Schemas through Assimilation and Accommodation enables adaptation to the changing environment.(" Intellidence" is adapting quickly.) Adaptation is also a feature of the next theory.
1~4まであります。長いのですがよろしくお願いします P1 In America the imagination is generally looked on as something that might be usefu1 when the TV is out of order. Poetry and plays have no relation to practical politics. Novels are fbr students, housewives, and other people who don't work. Fantasy is fbr children and primitive peoples. Literacy is for reading the operating instructions. I think the imagination is the single most usefu1 tool humankind possesses. I can't imagine living without my lmagmatlon. I hear voices agreeing with me. "Yes, yes!" they cry. "The creative imagination is a tremendous plus in business! We value creativity, we reward it!" In the marketplace, the word creativity has come to mean the production of ideas to make larger profits. This reduction in meaning has gone on so long that the word crean've can hardly be degraded further. I s don't use it any more, yielding it to capitalists and academics to abuse as they like. But they can't have imag'nation. Imagination is not a means of making money. It is a fundamental way of thinking, an essential means io of becoming and remaining human. It is a tool of the mind.
P2 We have to learn to use the imagination. Children have imagination to startwith, as they have body, is intellect,the capacity for language. They need exerclses. ln lmagrnation as they need exercise in all the basic skills of life, bodily and mental. This need continues as long asthe mind is alive. All of us have to learn how to invent our lives, make them up, imagine them. We need to be taught these skills; we need guides to show us how. If we don't, our lives get made up for us by other people. Human beings have always joined in groups to imagine how best to live and help one another carry out the plan. The essential function of human commu- nity is to arrive at some agreement on what we need, what life ought to be, and then teach our children so that they can go on the way we think is the right way. Small communities with strong traditions are usually clear about the way they want to go, and good at teaching it. But tradition may crystallize imagination as dogma, fbrbidding new ideas. Larger communities, such as cities, open up room for people to imagine alternatives, learn from people of different traditions, and invent their own ways to live.
P3 As alternatives proliferate, however, those who take the responsibility of teaching find little social and moral consensus on what they should be teaching- what we need, what life ought to be. In our time there are too many people who want to own us, shape and control us through seductive and powerfu1 media. It's a lot to ask of a child to find a way through a!1 that, alone. Nobody can do anything very much, really, alone. What a child needs, what we all need, is to find some other people who have imagined life along lines that make sense and that also allow some freedom, and listen to them. Not hear passively, but listen. Reading is a means of listening. Reading is not as passive as hearring or viewing. It's an act: you do it. You read at your pace, your own speed, not the ceaseless, incoherent, gabbling, shouting rush of the media. You take in what you can and want to take in, not what they shove at you so fast and hard and loud that you're overwhelmed. And though you're usually alone when you read, you are in communion with another mind. You've joined in an act of the lmagmatlon.
P4 When children are taught to read and understand the literature of their people, their imagination is getting a very large part of the exercise it needs. Nothing else does as well, not even the other arts. We are a wordy species. Words are the wings both intellect and imagination fiy on. To train the mind to take off from immediate reality and return to it with new understanding and new strength, there is nothing like poem and story. Through story, every culture defines itself and teaches its children how to be people and members of their people. The media are so controlled by advenising and profiteering that even the best people who work in them get drowned out by the endless rush for novelty, by the greed of the entrepreneurs. Much of literature remains free of such control. Many poets and novelists continue to be motivated less by the desire for gain than by the wish to practice their art-make something well, get something right. Books remain comparatively, and amazingly, honest and reliable. The reason literacy is important is that literature is the operating instructions. The best manual we have. The most useful guide to the country we're visiting, life. 以上です。 誤字脱字がありましたらすいません
Adult Schemas. Recognition is mainly assimilation - taking in the surroundings , checking that things are the same , provides comfort and security. Learning,on the other hand,is mainly Accmmodation - adding new information to change existing knowledge. From the above examples,it follows that people need to experience both recognition (existing things) and learning (new things) on a daily basis. If there was too much recognition - if everything stayed the same - then life would be boring. If there was too much leang - i.e.constant newness - then life would be confusing. Summary : The development and use of Schemas through Assimilation and Accommodation enables adaptation to the changing environment.(" Intellidence" is adapting quickly.) Adaptation is also a feature of the next theory.
In addittion to consumer boycotts, various other approaches have been tried. One of these is the debt-for-nature exchange, in which a non-governmental organization pays off a part of a poor country's international debt and in exchange receives the right to manage a threatened ecosystem. Since the first such exchange took place in Bolivia in 1987, the system has spread to many other countries.
Another approach involves the identification and promotion of sustainable forest management. The FSC, established in 1993, certifies products obtained from sustainably managed forests. The FSC logo is popular among companies eager for commercial or ethical reasons to show their green credentials. The Council has helped raise consumer awareness about the importance of protecting tropical forests, although some critics have suggested that in order to meet the growing demand for sustainably produced wood, FSC standards have been lowered. 長いですがお願いします。
Just the other day I was giving an interview in English,talking about the hopelessness of fighting a war.
Once you start on the path of war,I said...and then paused. I was tongue-tied in my own language. The phrase "kiriganai" had been on the tip on my tongue,and immediately I thought to translate it as "there's no end to it." But then I thought:Kiriganai is just so much more evocative than "there's no end to it."
Uh,so what happens when you start on that path?
the anxious young interviewer asked.
Well,uh,"I said,covering my mouth,"you,uh,there's no going back."
Not quite the same as kiriganai. I'm not talking about words and expressions lacking equivalents. The point here is that there are equivalents--- but they occasionally leave something to be desired.
Even such commonplace phrases as "ganbatte"(good luck;give it your all),"tondemonai"(ridiculous)and "tamaranai"(it's so good---or so bad---that I can't stand it) sometimes don't translate easily into English.
And how many times I have stopped short when trying to find English words for "senpai"(someone senior) or "kohai"(someone junior)! These terms are not only used in companies,universities and similar institutions in Japan,they crop up when you are mentioning, for instance,someone who arrived in Japan earlier than you did---as in Helmut came to Japan in 1966,a year before me. He's my senpai. To make matters worse,if he had come in 1956,he would be my "daisenpai"! In English we just don't say this.
Working in film and theater,I often say "otsukaresama"at the end of a long day. How I wish I could say this in English! It's a combination of thank you,"good work"and "it's been a tiring day." Because it encompasses "tsukare",which means "tiredness" it is a nice way to acknowledge the feeling of fatigue we all feel after a day filming a film or rehearsing a ply.
>>195 ありがとうございます。 続きですがお願いします however,not everyone is happy with this growing use ofgiven names. when melissa farrell divorced her husband martin,she asked her children to call both their new stepfather and their real father by their given names. that way her new husband bob would not feel too different.martin,however,was not happy. ''o don't want my children to forget who i am,''he says. melissa now agrees to let things be. dr.doreen voss,a child psychologist in washington,believes that children learn respect by using proper titles. ''children need to understand who is a friend and who is a person in authority,''says voss.
この文の和訳お願いします。 Back in 1927 John Jefferson ‘Uncle Johnny’Green operated the Southland Ice Dock near Dallas,Taxas. In those days only rich people owned refrigerators,so people would go to the store to buy ice for their ice boxes. An 11kilogram block of ice cost 11cents and would last for a couple of days during the hot summer monthes.
One day Uncle Johnny realized that people sometimes needed to buy things when the neighborhood grocery stores were closed. Since his store was already open 16hours a day, seven days a week,he decided to start selling bread,milk,cheese,eggs and other everyday items.
The store quickly became popular,as it was very convenient for customers. Soon the Southland Ice company that owned Uncle Johnny's icehouse opened other similar stores under the Tote'm name. These stores were open every day from 7 a.m.to 11 p.m. The concept of quick and convenient shopping spread,and the convenience store industry was born.
The shop operated by Uncle Johnny at the corner of 12th Street and Edgefield avenue was the world's first convenience store. In 1946 it was renamed 7-eleven. The rest is history.
What kind of food do you like to eat? Do you eat raw fish? Dog meat? Cheese? Many people orefer to eat food from their own culture. In other words, they like to eat food that they are familiar with.
Some people dislike certain food because they are not accustomed to it. The Japanese enjoy eating raw horse meat, but few Americans would want to taste it. Many Asians strongly dislike pizza, which is a very popular food in the United States. Milk is a very common drink in the United States for all people, young and old. In contrast, only babies drink milk in China.
Some people do not eat particular food for religious reasons. For instance, Hindus do not eat beef because cows are considered sacred. Jewish people and Moslems do not eat pork because pigs are thought to be unclean.
Sociologists say that people prefer the food that they grew up with. As a cultual group, we learn to like what is avaliable to us. This is why in Africa some people eat termites, in Asia some people eat dog meat, and in Europe some people eat blood sausages.
Sometimes we need to change our eating habits. If we move or travel to a new place with a different culture, our favorite meat, fruit, and vegitables may not be avaliable to us. As a result, we have to eat food that is different from the food we are used to. Slowly, this strange food becomes familier to us. Our tastes change, and we begin to enjoy eating the food that used to seem unusual to us.
"Tell us all about your Ta-Na-E-Ka," my grandfather commanded. I told them everything, from borrowing the five dollars, to Ernie's kindness, to observing the animals. "That's not what I trained you for," my grandfather said sadly. I stood up. "Grandfather, I learned that Ta-Na-E-Ka is important. I didn't think so during training. I was scared stiff of it. I handled it my way. And I learned I had nothing to be afraid of. There's no reason in 1947 to eat grasshoppers when you can eat a hamburger. I was inwardly shocked at my own audacity. But I liked it. "Grandfather, I'll bet you never ate one of those rotten berries yourself." Grandfather laughed! He laughed aloud! My mother and father and aunt and uncle were all dumbfounded. Grandfather never laughed. Never.
>>215の続きです "Those berries - they are terrible," Grandfather admitted. "I could never swallow them. I found a dead deer on the first day of my Ta-Na-E-Ka shot by a soldier, probably and he kept my belly full for the entire period of the test!" Grandfather stopped laughing. "We should send you out again," he said. I looked at Roger. "You're pretty smart, Mary," Roger groaned. "I'd never have thought of what you did." "Accountants just have to be good at arithmetic," I said comfortingly. "I'm terrible at arithmetic." Roger tried to smile but couldn't. My grandfather called me to him. "You should have done what your cousin did. But I think you are more alert to what is happening to our people today than we are. I think you would have passed the test under any circumstances, in any time. Somehow, you know how to exist in a world that wasn't made doe Indians. I don't think you're going to have any trouble surviving." Grandfather wasn't entirely right. But I'll tell about that another time. 長いですが、お願いします。
この文の和訳をお願いします。 "What are these bottles?" "Oh,this is just liquor" "I'm sorry" they said."These cannot be taken on board the plane" "Oh, dear, I'm sorry" I said. "I didn't know." Then one of the young women smiled. "Look, you still have time. Why don't you take these bottles out of security and check them? Then it will be fine." I was traveling without checked luggage and didn't want to be held up on arrival in Sydney. "That's very kind of you,"I said. "But I'll leave them here." The other young woman looked at me sympathetically. "Oh, it's a real shame! I'm sorry," she said. All in all, it was I who was at fault, and Iactually went on to passport control with a good feeling about this, if you will, sobering experience.
@State laws that send some individuals under age 18 to trial and prison as adults have achieved the opposite of what the policy's proponents intended, a new research review concludes. Transferring young people into adult systems yields substantially higher rates of later serious crimes compared with youths handled by juvenile-justice systems.
AMoreover, there's no evidence that shifting some young offenders to the adult-justice system prevents or reduces violence in the general population of children and teenagers.
BThese findings come from the 14-member Task Force on Community Preventive Services, an independent group funded by federal and private sources. It's reviewing the effectiveness of various efforts to lessen violence committed by and against youths.
CThe task force reports that young offenders transferred to the adult system are later arrested for violent and other crimes 34 percent more frequently than are their peers sent to juvenile courts and facilities. The task force compared juveniles charged with comparable offenses. Its report appears in a supplement to the April American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
D"Even given problems in the juvenile-justice system, transfer to the adult-justice system produces even worse results," says epidemiologist and task force member Robert A. Hahn of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.
EBeginning around 35 years ago, increases in violent juvenile crime spurred many states to modify laws so that young people could be tried as adults for serious crimes. By 2004, 44 states and the District of Columbia permitted judges to transfer juveniles to adult-criminal courts. No national data exist on the number of juvenile offenders prosecuted as adults.
FHahn and his colleagues reviewed studies that had compared subsequent serious offenses by juveniles who had been tried and incarcerated either as juveniles or as adults. The team selected six studies that met its quality criteria. The data included youths who had originally committed serious crimes in Florida, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Washington State, or New York. The studies' follow-up periods after prison releases ranged from 18 months to 6 years. The researchers then identified three studies that assessed whether states' adoptions of transfer laws led to a drop in serious crimes committed by young people. These data came from Idaho, Washington State, and New York. Although transfer policies vary considerably from state to state, available evidence indicates that they are "counterproductive for reducing juvenile violence and enhancing public safety," the task force concludes.
GThe increase in criminal offenses among youths transferred to the adult-justice system is "a very robust empirical finding," says criminologist Jeffrey A. Fagan of Columbia University, who directed one of the studies included in the report. Individuals as young as 15 years old may end up in adult court when charged with certain offenses, such as murder or robbery, Fagan notes.
HThe task force report illustrates the need to restrict adult-court cases to people over age 18, with rare exceptions, remarks Michael Tonry of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. Many state-run programs for juvenile offenders achieve poor results, although innovative programs can improve behavior, says Peter W. Greenwood, who heads Greenwood and Associates, a juvenile-justice consulting firm in Malibu Lake, Calif. In Florida and Pennsylvania, for instance, teams of professionals provide services and counseling to offenders' families.
IIt is unclear whether state lawmakers will take the new task force report to heart and restrict transfers. "The politics of crime are far behind the science of criminality," Fagan says.
注釈です。
fails「〜の役に立たない」 yields「もたらす」 youths handled by ... systems「未成年対象の法制度で扱われた若者たち」 Task Force ... Services「地域犯罪防止専門委員会」 juveniles ... offenses「同程度の犯罪で告発された未成年たち」 American ... Medicine 「アメリカ予防医学ジャーナル」1985年創刊。 Even given problems...system,「未成年を対象とした司法制度の問題点を考慮に入れでさえも」given〜は「〜を考慮すれば」という意味でconsidering〜と同じ。 epidemiologist「疫学者」 spurred many states to〜「多くの州を促して〜させる」 had been tried and incarcerated「(すでに)判決を受け、投獄されていた」 follow-up periods after prison releases「出所後の追跡調査期間」 counterproductive「逆効果を招く」 robust empirical finding「確固とした実証的事実」 may end up in adult court「(最後には)成人裁判所に行き着くことになるかもしれない」 state-run programs「州が実践している取り組み」 heads「率いる」 take ... to heart「専門委員会の新しい報告を重く受けとめる」
Only once did I meet a human being who had lots of time and did not complain, but he was poor and no one respected him. His walk was without haste and his eyes had a quiet, cheerful smile in them. But when I asked him, he said sadly, "I never knew how to use my time, which is why I am poor."
This man had time, and yet he was also unhappy. Time escapes the Papalagi because they try to hold it too tightly. They don't allow it to come to them. They always chase behind it with hands stretched out and do not allow it to rest, to lie in the sun.
Oh, you beloved brothers! We have never complained about time. We have loved it as it came, have never chased it, have never tried to cut it apart. We are happy with time, we don't need more of it than we have. We must free the poor, confused Papalagi from their illusion, we must give them their time back. We must break their little, round time machines and announce to them that there is more time between sunrise and sunset than any human being can use.
和訳お願いします。 Some time ago a Japanese friend,who is a brilliant English-language scholar in Tokyo,asked me how I would translate "guchiokobosu". Certainly this phrase means "to complain,"but a "guchi"(complaint)is not just an ordinary complaint. Most of the time it's a kind of whinge. Fortunately,English has borrowed words from many languages,among them the Yiddish verb"to kvetch." To me,to kvetch is to kobosu(to air,to expose,to confess) your guchi. A person who kobosus his guchi is "a kvetch."
The list of nuanced Japanese expressions goes on and on,with words that act as a form of title like "ojisan"and "botchan",meaning "young girl"and "young boy." But these are not just any young people. The inference for "ojosan",for instance,can be (but isn't always)that she has been well brought up. On the other hand,these terms just might be used out of politeness. Turning "ojosan"into a diminutive,"ojochama",can add subtle nuances of intimacy or cuteness.
A botchan can be a spoiled boy or young man.
All in all,knowing and using more than one language intimately provides the kind of life experience that is hard for monolingual people to understand.
To be bilingual is to live within a metaphor and to experience the delight and wonder of two cultures every day of your life.
すみません、どなたかお願いします。 長々申し訳ありません。 Because of the limited number of cabins, entry to the Taman Negara is strictly controlled. Unfortunately, this is not the case with most ecotour destinations. In some parts of the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, for example, there are more tourists than animals. With so many jeeps coming and going, the animals become nervous, and the vegetation is destroyed. On the coast of Iriomote Island, Japan, mangrove trees are dying because waves from high-speed sightseeing boats are washing away the mud around their roots. The increasing popularity of ecotourism thus has the potential to harm sensitive environments. It is important for local governments to exercise strict control over the tourist industry in order to prevent overcrowding and behavior which endangers the environment. It is also impor-tant for tourists themselves to show consideration for the environment by keeping to marked trails, taking nothing but photographs and leaving nothing but footprints. The environmental concept of carrying capacity is very relevant to the tourist industry. The number of tourists admitted to an ecologically sensitive area should be no more than can be accommodated without harm to the environ-ment. The government of Bhutan has been conducting such requiring foreign tourists per year, Bhutan has managed to maximize its income from tourism while minimizing the negative wffects.While this obviously discriminates ageinst rich enough to visit Bhutan, it will still be worth visiting.
The terrible Irish Potato Famine, which started in 1845, was a result of a conbination of economic, political, and environmental failures. The Irish over-relied on a newlyintroduced food source from South America, the potato. This caused unstable environmental conditions, which eventually made the potatoes vulnerable to a plant disease that destroyed much of the crop. Political and economic problems with the English goverment worsened the disaster.
The conference room window overlooks a line of floor-to-ceiling, gleaming steel flasks. The steel feels chilly but not cold; the warehouse-like space they inhabit is unheated in the Arizona "winter". But don't lift the inner styrofoam lid and stick your hand in: they are filled with liquid nitrogen, which boils at 77 degrees Kelvin (-196C). From a nitrogen storage tank, a pipeline snakes along the ceiling sending a runner to each flask - more correctly, "dewar" - to top it up.
Most of the dewars are occupied. This is a little eerie. We are at Alcor, the cryonics organisation. The dewars' 79 occupants were - possibly will have been - people with a dream: that given enough time, medical science will advance enough to cure them of whatever killed them. To pay for their decades - centuries, possibly - at temperatures cold enough to prevent decomposition, they bought life insurance policies of between $75,000 (£38,500) and $100,000. Legally, they are dead. To Alcor's staff, they are "patients".
Cryonics is a small community. The two largest cryonics organisations, Alcor and Michigan-based Cryonics Institute, together poll about 1,600 members. Alcor has 79 patients and 33 pets in cryopreservation; CI has 85 patients and 50 pets.
Grand dream
Science was always going to be slow to fulfill a dream as grand as this. First, cryopreservation techniques need to improve so patients' bodies - and especially their brains, the repositories of memory and personality - suffer minimal damage. Second, the medical techniques for revival, such as cures for Aids, cancer and heart disease, must be developed. Many cryonicists opt to preserve only their heads, hoping for revival technology good enough to give them new, younger bodies. However, there are not even animal experiments to bolster the idea. Nobody has yet frozen and revived any mammal.
But the dream no longer seems quite as lunatic as it did in 1962, when Robert Ettinger's The Prospect of Immortality launched the modern cryonics movement. But because cryonics is so small, it has little funding for research.
The area of most immediate concern to cryonicists is improvements in preservation techniques: less damage at the beginning means an easier eventual repair job. The key technique, which came into use in 2001, is vitrification.
Ice cream that's melted and refrozen develops ice crystals. So do human bodies, where crystals can tear through delicate tissues. As one cryonicist puts it: "We didn't evolve to be frozen." Vitrification avoids this by replacing the blood with a mixture of antifreeze-like chemicals known as cryoprotectants via a machine like the cardio-pulmonary bypass devices used in hospitals. The right mixture at the right temperature, between -90C and -130C, becomes a smooth solid, like glass - hence vitrification.
This process and the cryoprotectants used vary between Alcor and CI; Alcor's cryoprotectants were developed and published by 21CM, a media-shy Florida-based company whose website stresses vitrification's usefulness to organ banks. Published research has shown that vitirication preserves the brain's structure remarkably well.
The downside is that cryoprotectants are toxic. In addition, vitrified human flesh tends to fracture. These are, respectively, the key areas for ongoing research to Ben Best, CI's president, and Alcor. Tanya Jones, director of operations at Alcor, says the cause of the fractures isn't clear, but that at least a few large fractures are easier to repair than many small ones.
The other problem is that it's illegal to vitrify someone while they're medically alive. So the teams have to wait for someone to be declared dead before they can go to work with vitrification.
Meantime, medical research throws up a new and promising headline almost every day. Last year, scientists at the J Craig Venter Institute successfully transferred an entire genome from one bacterium to another. In Maryland recently, scientists built an entire microbial chromosome.
Or take, for example, the work being done by Lance Becker, director of the Penn Center for Resuscitative Medicine. Becker is not directly concerned with cryonics, but it's easy to see connections. Becker wants to extend today's five-minute window for successful resuscitation after the heart stops.
"Fundamentally," he says, "what we are focused on is bringing people back to life from death or near-death, and reinventing or revolutionising the way we approach that." Becker's key discovery is that cells don't die during that five-minute window. The real damage comes when the heart restarts and oxygen floods the tissues, a process known as reperfusion.
"It's pretty well accepted that at the point at which the usual human being gets pronounced dead, all their cells are alive . It's a very eerie question: if all their cells are alive, what is death?" says Becker. Besides, if all the patient's cells are alive, why can't the patient recover and walk out of the hospital? "With our current therapies we can't do it."
One option, says Becker, is cooling the patient - by a few degrees, not to cryonic extremes - to buy time, an idea he says has been around for thousands of years. In studies, dogs and mice cooled before reperfusion have recovered better. "We believe it prevents reperfusion injury."
続きです。 Cooling, he adds, is much quicker if you cool the blood directly, either by injecting a slurry of micro-ice particles or by using a bypass machine. Imagine, he says, a soldier in the Iraq war, bleeding to death while you watch. "If you could zap, perfuse him, put him on a plane, wing him to a major hospital and fix him all up - that's not at all crazy."
Mad or prescient?
That idea is in fact close to Jones's vision. "If we succeed in our mission," she says, "cryonics will become a process carried out in hospitals by medical staff for much shorter times."
That in itself is a change from the early days, when cryonicists more often aspired to immortality, not just more life. In addition, the demographics are changing. Formerly, most cryonicists were young, male and geeky. Now, Alcor gets whole families.
The important unknown is: Can a cryosuspended brain, warmed and revived, retain the memories and personality of its owner? Until this is proven - in a dog, if not a human - cryonicists don't know if they're mad or prescient. How long before we know?
Best says: "I think within 30 years we'll see a successful revival, but the people revived then would be cryopreserved 30 years from now." Last in, first out: the earliest patients to be cryopreserved suffered the worst damage. James Bedford, who in 1967 became the first person ever to be cryonically suspended and who is now at Alcor, was barely perfused at all. "For the people being cryopreserved now, under the best conditions, my guess is 50 to 100 years." Given the current rate of medical progress and research into nanotechnology, says Jones: "If we haven't done it in 100 years, it's not going to work."
A chief executive I know who converted a small and mediocre family business into the leading company in its industry was one of those people who learn by talking.
Recently, Japanese culture has become "cool" among young people all over the world. Everything from "anime" and "manga" to game software and J-pop music to fashion design and cuisine, cultural output from Tokyo is even more popular than that of Los Angeles. While traditional Japanese culture such as noh, kabuki, the tea ceremony, bonsai and sumo wrestling all continue to be appreciated by people around the world, it is this "new" culture that is artracting teh attention of a growing number of people abroad.
One reason why Japanese culture is "in" is because, in general, young people tend to look ahead to the future more than older people, and modern Japanese culture gives them a forward-thinking view of life. Another reason is, beacause we are now living in a globalized age, the idea of fending true value in quality rather than in quantity is becoming more important than ever before. This means that products and services provided by Japanese people will continue to be widely accepted throughout the world.
As long an the Japanese continue to produce high-quality products and look towards fulfilling the needs of a globalized twnty-first century Japanese culture will remain cool in the eyes of young peple ann over the world.
dostevsky's people, it is suggested "are not so much men and women as disembodied spirits who have for the moment put on mortality." they have no physical being. Ultimately they are the creations, not of a man who desired to be, but of a spirit which sought to know. they are the imaginations of a God-tormented mind. ...Because they are possessed they are no longer man and women.
Thank you for the mail. If you ask me: Gundam fan´s are the best people in the world. Sadly there are not so mutch in Germany however the internet make it possible to find fans in other countries. And I'm happy about that. Especially if they can draw like you.
和訳お願いします。 Japan got one of its writing systems,kanji,fromChina lost their original meaning and acquired a new meaning in Japan.
These Japanese words of Chinese origin are called kango,and they are all written in kanji.
During the late 1500s Japan brought in many new words---they are called loan words,or gairaigo in Japanese---from Spanish and Portuguese.
Many from the Portuguese word tempero. It means flavoring.
Then Dutch words came during the Edo Period between 1600 and 1868,when Japan shut itself off from the rest of the world,except for Dutch traders at Nagasaki.
Dutch loan words include bier for beer and koffie for coffee.
Many of them can also be written in kanji.
After that words from other languages,including arbeit(part-time job)from German and jupon(pants)from France,found their way into the Japanese language.
For about the last 200years,however,almost all new loan words have come from English,and they are written in katakana.
In addition, a provision of the law of 24 July 2006 states that foreigners requesting a work permit in certain occupations experiencing recruitment difficulties would no longer be subject to labour market testing. At the end of 2007, the French Government defined two separate lists specifying which occupations were covered: the first concerns the nationals of ten EU member states subject to transitional measures and comprises 150 occupations, including those with low skills; the second concerns the nationals of third countries and comprises 30 professions which are skilled, in general.
和訳お願いします。 1 It was July, 1915, in the dark midwinter of Antarctica. The temperature was minus 34℃. Around the ship in all directions was a sea of ice. "She's pretty near her end ... The ship can't live in this ... what the ice gets, the ice keeps." The speaker was Sir Ernest Shackleton, one of history's most courageous leaders. He had left from South Georgia Island on December 5, 1914. Shackleton and his men had sailed toword the South Pole to try to be the first to cross the Antarctic Continent on foot. After traveling nearly 1,000 miles, however, their ship, Endurance, was trapped - stuck in the frozen waters of Antarctica's Weddell Sea. It was January 18. Shackleton realized they would have to spend the winter in the ice. He showed no fear, though there was plenty to worry about. The sheet of ice they were trapped in was floating away from land - taking them slowly back north into the violent Scotia Sea.
>>260の続きです。 2 The days and weeks and months passed with their ship remaining stuck in the flozen sea. The men could hear the sounds of the ice pressing against the ship. "There were times when we thought the ship would not stand it," wrote one crew member. They had been trapped for eight months and 15 days. The sound of the ship being squeezed by the ice was like the "cries of a living creature." On October 27 they were forced to take the supplies they could carry, and leave the Endurance. Their ship was crushed by the ice! "It's hard to write what I feel," wrote Shackleton. "To a sailor his ship is more than a floating home ... She is giving up her life at its very beginning." The men continued floating alone on a giant sheet of ice - 250 miles from land, and 500 miles from another human being. They had already been away for 10 months and 22 days, but their real troubles were just starting. Shackleton knew the ice would break up as the weather got warmer. Their only chance was to use their small lifeboats to get to land. Food was starting to become a problem, but they were forced to wait for the weather to get warm enough for them to use their boats. They waited.
@The western United States continues to struggle with the worst dry spel1 since the 1930s, and an international report on climate change predicts more and worse droughts to come. As scientists work to understand what triggers droughts, a new finding suggests that the causes may be more complex than many have supposed.
AResearchers recently pieced together the most comprehensive history yet of drought in the Great Plains region. The record covers the 10,000 years since the end of the last ice age. This new timeline shows three distinct megadroughts ― periods of severe dryness lasting for centuries. Scientists often attribute drought to changes in ocean-surface temperature patterns, such as those associated with El Ninos. But when the research team compared its record with estimates of historical sea-surface temperatures, only the most recent of the three dry spells matched up.
B"Linking Pacific sea-surface temperature to drought doesn't explain the drought patterns that we see," says Joseph Mason, a geographer with the research team at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The finding suggests that other factors, such as solar intensity or global wind patterns, sometimes play a role.
CTo detect drought in the distant past, the scientists studied dunes in the Sand Hills region of Nebraska. Land covered by vegetation is protected against wind erosion, but as drought lingers, the soil becomes exposed and dry. Wind can then push sand around more easily, forming migrating dunes. So, ancient dunes are a good indicator that drought has occurred.
DThe scientists dated the remnants of the dunes by measuring fluorescence emitted by the long-buried sand grains. Exposing the grains to light releases a faint flash of fluorescence that's more intense the longer the period since the sand grain last saw sunlight. The technique yields age estimates good to within 10 percent, which is better than radiocarbon dating can achieve.
EFrom these data, the scientists found dry periods that began about 1,000 years ago, coinciding with a well-known warm episode called the Medieval Climate Anomaly. They found two other epochs of desert-like conditions that ran from 4,500 to 2,300 years ago and from 9,600 to 6,500 years ago, the team reports in the February Geology. The Medieval Climate Anomaly appears linked to changes in ocean temperatures, but the earlier two droughts don't.
F"It's a very nice piece of work," comments Daniel Muhs, a research geologist at the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver. The cause of droughts "may be a lot more complicated than we thought," he says. "The next step is for the atmospheric-science community to look at something like this and say, 'OK, maybe there are other mechanisms involved."'
以下注釈です。 Ocean temperatures alone ... droughts「海洋温度だけが旱魃の原因を説明するのではない」 dry spell「日照り続き」spellは「ひと続きの期間」という意味。 to come「(名詞の後に続いて)将来の」 pieced together「(断片的なものをひとつに)まとめた」 yet 最上級のうしろで、「これまでで(もっとも…)」 the Great Plains region「グレートプレーンズ地帯」グレートプレーンズは、北米大陸中西部に広がる大平原。プレーリー(Prairie)ともいう。 covers「扱う」 timeline「歴史年表」 megadroughts「巨大な旱魃」 mega-はvery bigやgreatを意味する連結形。 attribute drought to〜「旱魃を〜のせいにする」 El Ninos「エルニーニョ」東太平洋赤道上で海面温度が上昇する現象。スペイン語で「神の子イエス」の意味。
matched up「一致した」 Linking Pacific sea-surface temperature to drought「太平洋の海面温度と旱魃を結びつけること」 the Sand Hills region of Nebraska「ネブラスカ州のサンドヒル地帯」アメリ力中西部ネプラス力州の4分の1を占める大草原。植生に覆われた砂丘。 wind erosion「風食(風による浸食作用)」 migrating dunes 「移動性の砂丘」 fluorescence 「蛍光発光」 The technique yields age estimates good to within 10 percent「その技術は誤差10%以内まで確実な年代の推定値を出す」 radiocarbon dating「放射性炭素年代測定法」 coinciding with〜「〜と一致する」 warm episode「気温の高いある期間」 the Medieval Climate Anomaly「中世の異常気候」Medieval Warm Period(MWP)とも言う。 ran from 4,500 to 2,300 years ago「4500年前から2300年前にわたった」 Geology 「アメリカ地質学会(Geological Society of America)が発行する学術雑誌」1973年創刊。国際的に有名なアメリカの科学雑誌。 the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver「デンバーにあるアメリ力地質調査所。デンバーはアメリカ中西部に位置するコロラド州の州都。」 atmospheric-science community「(地質学ではなく)大気圏科学の学会」
>>261の続きです 3 On January 14, some of their sled dogs had to be shot for food. This upset the men, but their survival was now seriously in danger. Through February, the ice stayed solid and food supplies kept decreasing. On March 30, the last of the dogs had to be shot. Finally, on April 8, the ice they were camped on broke up. The men - wet, exhausted and cold - finally got into their boats. The men were forced to sail North through violent seas in three tiny boats. Their only possible destination was a tiny frozen piece of land with no people - Elephant Island. At any moment a giant wave could destroy the boats or wash the men into the sea. Themen suffered from frozen fingers and toes, and were exhausted from their poor diet. Shackleton encouraged the men as they rowed and sailed, went without sleep, and tried to keep water out of the boats. Finally on April 15, after 497 days on sea and ice, the men touched land. The men were happy, but Shackleton knew that they were not safe. No one would look for them there. Shackleton knew there were two chances for survival: make a camp and try to survive another winter - or try to sail to the nearest point where they could get help - South Georgia Island. This meant sailing 800 miles - with winds of up to 80 miles an hour and waves nearly 60 feet high. Shackleton was a sailor, and knew that this was nearly suicide. He also knew, however, that if they spent the winter on Elephant Island, certainly some of his men would die. He decided to sail for help.
Songs travel.They travel from singers to listeners. As long as there are people who want to sing and as long as there are people who want to listen, songs travel. Great songs even travel across the sea and live with us through the ages. Bridge over Troubled Water is one of those songs which has been traveling for a long time.
In the 60s, when the Civil Rights Movement gripped America, Bridge over Troubled Water was born in New York. Paul Simon and Arthur Garfankel grew up in New York. They met at school and started writing songs together when they were 14. They first called themselves "Tom and Jerry." In 1964 they made their New York debut as Simon and Garfunkel, but they were just another group until The Sounds of Silence became a great hit in 1965. By the end of 1968 Simon and Garfunkel had become the most successful popular group in the US. Bridge over Troubled Water was introduced on their TV special in 1969. The song become a huge hit. Since its release, it has been recorded by over 200 different artists including Elvis Presley. Although Simon and Garfunkel broke up in 1970, their song lives on. It has become a modern classic.
>>271の続きです 4 Shackleton chose five men. They took the strongest boat and started sailing on April 24. Their tiny boat was tossed and flooded. The waves were 60-foot black walls of water high above them. From May 1 to May 3 there were 48 hours of non-step winds blowing at over 40 MPH. They had to keep the boat pointed into the wind so they wouldn't be washed sideways into the waves. They faced death at any instant. For sixteen days the battle continued. Finally, on May 10, 1916, the six men arrived at South Georgia Island. They had arrived, however, with almost no supplies, at a bay with no people. Help was 22 miles away over icy mountains. Shackleton felt convinced that his men would die unless someone could reach help. He decided to make this final try. On May19, leaving three men with the boat, he climbed out of sight into the mountains. He had no map, no sleeping bag, almost no food or warm clothing. The men he left behind watched him go for help to the whaling camp. They knew that if Shackleton stopped to rest, and fell asleep, he would freeze in the snow. They watched their leader leave - and waited for help, or death.
>>273の続きでこれが最後です。 長いですがお願いします 5 On May 21, at whaling camp on the opposite side of South Georgia Island, there was a knock on the door of the camp leader. When he opened it, he couldn't believe his eyes. Nearly frozen, in dirty black rags, carrying nothing, ready to collapse, stood Ernest Shackleton. He had walked for two days. The next day a rescue team took a boat to save the men on the other side of South Georgia Island. Finally, on August 30, Shackleton was back at Elephant Island to rescue the rest of his men. When he was safe, Shackleton wrote his wife, "I have done it ... but we have been through Hell." Today most people don't know the name Ernest Shackleton, but he was a great leader and hero, loved by the men he helped keep safe. He never crossed the Antarctic, but he - and all of his men - survived.
People were very impressed if a foreigner managed to say a few words of greeting in the language but few expected one to be able to do more than this『人々は外国人が何とか日本語で二言、三言挨拶をするのに感銘を受けるが 二言、三言挨拶をすること以上が出来ると期待した人はほとんどいない』
This in turn made it very difficult for foreigner who were studying Japanese to find people to practice with『今度はこのことが日本語を勉強している外国人が 一緒に練習する人を見つけることをとても難しくした』
Indeed you can something meet old foreigners who have lived their entire lives in Japan without leaning the language , although such people are increasingly rare『確かに、一生涯日本語を学ばず日本でくらしてきた年老いた外国人も時々会うだろうが だけれどもそういう人々はだんだん稀になってきている』
Patricia Moore loved drawing and painting when she was a child. After she graduated from high school, she majored in art at university. There she decided to become an industrial designer because she thought she could make the most of her talent in this profession. So she got a job at a well-known design company in New york after graduation. She was the youngest person there, and she worked very hard every day. Soon selected as a member of a big project, she was proud of her success. One day, however, when Pat was designing the interior of a ship's cabin, she suddenly remembered her grandfather. Then a thought came into her mind. "All these designs are indeed stylish and beautiful. But would elderly people feel comfortable here?"
すみません、どなたかお願いいたします。 According to the metaphysical part of the doctrine, the word "cat" means a certain ideal cat, "the cat," created by God, and unique. Particular cats partake oh the nature of the cat, but more or less imperfectly; it is only owing to this imperfection that there can be many of them. The cat is real; particular cats are only apparent. I
Here Plato explains that, whenever a number of individuals have a common name, they have also a common "idea" or "from." For instance, though there are many deds, there is only one "idea" or "from" of a bed. Just as a reflection of a bed in a mirror is only apparent and not "real," so the various particular beds are unreal, being only copies of the "idea," which is the one real bed, and is made by God. Of this one bed, made by God, there can be knowledge, but in respect of the many beds made by carpenters there can be only option. The philosopher, as such, will be interested only in the one ideal bed, not in the many beds found in the sensible world.
@Antarctica's incredible scenery attracts more tourists each year. The frozen continent also attracts many scientists. Researchers in biology, meteorology and physics, to name only a few areas, live and work at the South Pole. One of the most common research topics is to investigate how animals can survive the long, dark Antarctic winter.
AResidents of Antarctica have many strategies for survival. Penguins eat a lot of fish, squid and krill (a shrimp-like crustacean) in the summer. They store up far so that they don't have to eat as much in the winter. As for Antarctic cod, they have no need to eat at all in the winter. These fish have developed the ability to slow down their metabolism to the bare minimum, to a hibernation-like state. They do this after they detect a change in sunlight.
BWhales are not able to reduce their food intake very much, so they leave the Antarctic and go to a breeding ground. They are sure to return each year to feast on krill. Seals, the next largest animal species in the Antarctic, do not migrate. Instead, they forage for the krill and other animals on which they depend.
CAs for the krill themselves, they do not live off their fat, hibernate or migrate ― instead they reduce their body size in preparation for the winter months. With a smaller body, they have a decreased need for energy. It is a good thing that krill can survive the winter, because it seems that nearly every animal in the Antarctic region depends on this creature as a food supply. If the krill population were to crash, many animals would starve. Unfortunately, global warming and the ozone hole may be reducing the number of krill.
DGlobal warming has reduced the amount of sea ice. The krill depend on this sea ice for shelter and eat the algae that cling to it. With less sea ice, there is less food for the krill. With fewer krill, there is less food for the larger animals in the upper levels of the food chain.
EThe ozone hole is also the result of a chain reaction. Chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, were once used in refrigeration solvents and aerosol cans. Their use has been banned for decades, but these stable compounds can stay in the stratosphere for a long time.
FWhen struck by ultraviolet rays, CFCs release atoms of chlorine as they decompose. Each free chlorine atom can then combine with one of the oxygen atoms contained in an ozone (O3) molecule. The new compound is known as CIO: chlorine monoxide. However, the CIO, in turn, soon reacts with another oxygen molecule and as a result the chlorine atom is set free. This newly independent chlorine atom then meets up with another ozone molecule and starts the process all over again. It is estimated that one chlorine atom, repeating the above process, will destroy a total of one hundred thousand ozone molecules.
GConsidering the circumstances that increasing amounts of UV radiation are striking the ice and water of Antarctica, the algae and plankton the krill depend on are at risk. The Antarctic is already inhospitable enough to its denizens. Is there anything we can do to protect the residents of the South Pole?
すみませんが、よろしくお願いします。 1 In America the imagination is generally looked on as something that might be useful when the TV is out of order. Poetry and plays have no relation to practical politics. Novels are for students,housewives,and other people who don't work. Fantasy is for children and primitive peoples. Literacy is for reading the operating instructions. I think the imagination is the single most useful tool humankind possesses. I can't imagine living without my imagination. I hear voices agreeing with me. “Yes,yes!" they cry. “The creative imagination is a tremendous plus in business! We value creativity,we reward it!" In the marketplace,the word creativity has come to mean the production of ideas to make larger profits. This reduction in meaning has gone on so long that the word creative can hardly be degraded further. I don't use it any more,yielding it to capitalists and academics to abuse as they like. But they can't have imagination. Imagination is not a means of making money. It is a fundamental way of thinking, an essential means of becoming and remaining human. It is a tool of the mind.
288>>の続きになります。 2 We have to learn to use the imagination. Children have imagination to start with,as they have body,intellect,the capacity for language. They need exercises in imagination as they need exercise in all the basic skills of life,bodily and mental. This need continues as long as the mind is alive. All of us have to learn how to invent our lives,make them up,imagine them. We need to be taught these skills;we need guides to show us how(to use these skills). If we don't,our lives get made up for us by other people. Human beings have always joined in groups to imagine how best to live and help one another carry out the paln. The essential function of human community is to arrive at some agreement on what we need,what life ought to be, and then teach our children to that they can go on the way we think is the right way. Small communities with strong traditions are usually clear about the way they want to go,and good at teaching it. But tradition may crystallize imagination as dogma, forbidding new ideas. Larger communities,such as cities, open up room for people to imagine alternatives, learn from people of defferent traditions,and invent their own ways to live.
Songs travel. From New York, Bridge over Troubled Water made its way to South Africa during the time of apartheid. Apartheid, wich means "apartness" in Afrikaans, is a policy of racial discrimination made by the white minority goverment in 1948. Nonwhites were not able to enjoy equol citizenship with the 4.5 million whites. Under apartheid, 23 million black people did not have voting rights. In 1964 Nelson Mandela, a leader of the movement against apartheid, was given a life sentence for plotting to overthrow the goverment. For the next quarter of a century, even in jail, he was a symbol of black people's hope for freedom.
Malcolm Gladwell,Celebrated author of“The Tipping Point”(2000),explains how fashion,specifically what is deemed to be“cool,”emerges and spreads within popular culture through a similar dynamic. He tells how in the early 1990s,sales of the classic brushed-suede Hush Puppies had gradually fallen over the decades tobarely 65,000 pairs per year. Hush Puppies management,rightfully concerned that their shoes had developed a somewhat nerdy reputation,had been considering the idea of dumping the suede-casual look altogether in favor smooth leather“active casuals.” But it was at this fateful Hush Puppies moment when people began to report sighting them on the feet of hip club-goers in the stylish Soho district of Manhattan. Because Hush Puppies were nerdy, they became trendy. All of a sudden,secondhand shops in New York could not keep the classic Hush Puppies,the "Duke" and the“Columbia," on their shelves. Hush Puppies had advanced from the ranks of the banal to the chic nearly overnight. Hush Puppies were cool.
I was thinking that if you are planning on building the set, I could open it and place the bags in a couple of flat rate international boxes to save on shipping, I think if you do it this way the shipping would come closer to 80-100 doalls. I'm guessing maybe 4 boxes would do it. What do you think??
>>256和訳お願いします。 Japan got one of its writing systems,kanji,from China lost their original meaning and acquired a new meaning in Japan. > > These Japanese words of Chinese origin are called kango,and they are all written in kanji. > > During the late 1500s Japan brought in many new words---they are called loan words,or gairaigo in Japanese---from Spanish and Portuguese. > > Many from the Portuguese word tempero. > It means flavoring. > > Then Dutch words came during the Edo Period between 1600 and 1868,when Japan shut itself off from the rest of the world,except for Dutch traders at Nagasaki. > > Dutch loan words include bier for beer and koffie for coffee. > > Many of them can also be written in kanji. > > > After that words from other languages,including arbeit(part-time job)from German and jupon(pants)from France,found their way into the Japanese language. > > For about the last 200years,however,almost all new loan words have come from English,and they are written in katakana. >
日本語訳お願いします。 Nowadays we have a wide variety of leisure activities to choose from besides reading book-watching TV,playing video games,chatting on our mobile phones,and so on. Most of us don't have enough time to read every day. Most of us think that reading a book is a tough job rather than a leisure activity and that there are many books that we have to read during our lives. Many grown-ups,such as teachers and parents,believe that children must acquite the habit of reading. This is a kind of a rule for education:students must"learn"something rather than enjoy the content. If a teacher is always asking his or her students,"What does this passage mean?"perhaps some students may lose interest in reading altogether.
和訳お願いします。 @I wish I had a yen or two for every time I've been told:"You will never be accepted in Japan."I first heard it from my relatives. None of them knew any Japanese people,nor had they ever heard of pachinko,sushi or the Katsura Detached Palace in Kyoto.In fact,they had never lived outside the United States. Yet they were intent on convincing me that settling in Japan was the equivalent of self-banishment:instant and eternal alienation. "What is this business of acceptance anyway? Accepted as what?" he said. "They will never let you into their circle. You will always be treated like an outsider. Take it from me." Though such warnings were offered to me many years ago, the beliefs behind them are still entertained by many non-Japanese people today,some of them long-time residents of Japan. What does it mean to be--or not be--accepted? Well,if you are not a Japanese by citizenship,then you are simply not Japanese,as the sole true definition of"Japanese" rests on Japanese citizenship. Non-Japanese people who naturalize become Japanese. At least on paper. This may not ensure that those new citizens are viewed as "one of us"by certain native-born Japanese. There are many Japanese who stick to the notion that only so-called racially pure Japanese are true Japanese. Such people are,in fact,racists. Acceptance by them,on any level,is impossible. Were I a nauralized Japanese,I would not even bother seeking recognition from such nationalists.But,what of the hundreds of thousands of non-Japanese who have chosen to live and work in Japan without becoming citizens? Are we condemned to be perpetual outsiders? How ard we viewed? I asked two friends--one Japanese,the other Swedish--what it takes for foreigners to be accepted into their societies.
AMy Japanese friend replied,"They must adhere to our code of behavior." My Swedish friend said,"Once they speak Swedish pretty much like us,they are accepted as Swedes." I think these two answers are very telling and representative of the general feeling in Japan and Europe on this issue. The Japanese,on the one hand,are terrified that non-Japanese will come into their midst and destroy their orderly way of life. Orderliness is a key quality governing social intercourse in Japan,and formal politeness and propriety are what maintains it. A non-Japanese who can live within these social rules is invariably highly praised,admired(as Japanese,too,labor under these social rules)and,in general,magnanimously welcomed. As for the Swedes--or,for that matter,the Dutch,French or Germans--the ability to function in a peaceful way in the society,whatever the person's origin,background or faith,seems to be the critical factor,at least as a working ideal. Most Europeans(with apologies for the gross generalization)do not expect everyone to be the same in order to be given acceptance. The tolerance of difference there is much greater than in Japan,where tolerance is not notable even among the Japanese themselves. Non-Japanese people may be discriminated against because they are different,because they are "not like rest of us." Here lies the main issue:Who is speaking for"the rest of us"in Japan?
BWhen my Japanese friend cited"our code of behavior,"was she implying that approximately 126million Japanese all agree on what that code requires? Japanese people may invoke the majority in order to humiliate or ostracize a person;but,by doing so,these Japanese are actually using this as a"norm"to further their own selfish interests. I have been on the receiving end of this several times,when someone has tried to embarrass me publicly to justify their own ends. Such behavior exposes a nasty vengefulness that some people hide under the guise of"Japanese propriety." Were,then,my relatives right when they warned me off settling here? I have lived and worked in Japan much longer than in any other country,have married in Japan(to a non-Japanese),and brought up four children here,putting them through the Japanese school system,both public and private. Do I feel unaccepted? Not at all.I don't expect to be accepted by everyone all the time,as I wouldn't wherever I lived. I do not accept that the racists or nationalists,some of them wielding great influence here,represent the Japanese"norm." They are clinging to an outdated and very dangerous notion of race that,when taken to its extremes,can only lead to violence,both domestic and international. Their anti-for-eigner biases must be exposed and opposed. Non-acceptance by those people should be worn like a badge of pride. It is they who are not acting like"the rest of us."
It should be obvious to anyone that Japan is unquestionably a very international country. No one could argue that it must make its patterns of trade more international or that it needs to make its culture or its life style less Japanese or more Western. If it were to lose its Japanese identity, this would be a great loss not only for it but for the whole world. Japan's cultural distinctiveness enriches the world, and no one should wish to see it disappear like some endangered species of animals. That certainly cannot be the meaning of internationalization that people are talking about. They clearly have something different in mind. When I speak of internationalization, I do not mean the changing of external life styles but the development of internal new attitudes. Our motivations must be in step with the conditions of the time. For the two to be out of kilter with each other is a recipe for disaster, as Germany and Japan discovered in the Second World War.
World conditions are constantly changing, and attitudes must change with them. If they do not, catastrophe is bound to follow. The attitude that is now most in need of change is the way we view the relationship of ourselves and our countries to other lands. Not long ago it was possible to see ourselves simply as citizens of one country and we regarded all other nations as potential enemies or at least hostile rivals. Such attitudes are dangerously out of date in a world in which the weapons of military destruction have become so terrible that their full use would destroy civilization and international economic relations have become so complex and interdependent that no country can stand alone. We must see ourselves as citizens of a world community of nations which cooperate with one another for their common good. For Japan, which has become one of the economic giants of the world, these new attitudes have to include a willingness to play a much larger role in world affairs than it has in the past. This is the true meaning of internationalization and world citizenship.
The school I want to go to for it offers the degree over the Internet as it's a school in Maryland and I would rather not move there! In the short term I want to try and visit Japan. よろしくお願いしますm(__)m。(長すぎてエラーになるので分けました)
>>299の続きの文章になります。 By the mid-70s the movement had become more and more violent. In June,1976,riots took place in a city called Soweto,near Johannesburg. During the riots,more than 2,500 black people were killed or injured. Under apartheid,even music was under control,and black people were not allowed to listen to what they wanted to hear. Bridge over Troubled Water was one of the few songs allowed into the country. In the mid-70s,the song became a hit in South Africa in a gospel version by the singer Aretha Franklin. The song became a symbol of the suffering,self-sacrifice,and hope for freedom of those who were suffering from apartheid. Apartheid finally ended in 1991,and Nelson Mandela was elected president. Paul Simon was invited to sing in South Africa the next year. Bridge over Troubled Water has been handed down to a younger generation that has not experienced apartheid. Today,in South Africa,it is recognized as a hymn and is often sung at church or school.
和訳お願いします。 Countries with a long history of accepting immigrants,such as the United States,have been historically open to non-citizens. The American ideal in this is truly praiseworthy. But it is unfair to compare the U.S. with contries that have intact traditional indigenous cultures.White Americans destroyed the indigenous cultures,as did white Australians,before creating a tradition of openness.
Countries like Japan,where a traditional culture has existed for centuries,cannot be expected to be as open to outsiders on such broadly liberal terms. The building up of tolerance takes time,patience and mutual understanding.
As for me,I go about my life ignoring,as best as I can,racists whose days of majority influence are,I believe,numbered here in Japan. I think of some of my Japanese friends,with whom I have more in common than they have,by their own admission,with many of their own fellow Japanese. We all live together in Japan in the 21st century,and we are all accepted to a greater or lesser degree on the basis of what we are and what we do here. If some Japanese people don't accept that,it's their problem--not mine.
How about when the bullet is going up? Good question. Gravity pulls on the bullet on its way up with the same force as when it is falling. That's what slows it down so much that it eventually reaches zero speed at the top of its flight before it starts so fall. So, for every second on the way up, gravity's pull slows it by 35 kilometers per hour of speed. The amount of speed lost on the way up must be equal to the amount added on the way down, because gravity doesn't charge. But this ignores outside forces such as air resistance. 3つほど翻訳ソフトを試してみましたがどれもおかしな訳になってしまいました。 よろしくお願いします。
@Thereby the person reminds the pligrims that their journey`s end isn`t merely the shrine ob St.Thomas in Canterbury cathedral , but that which the shrine symbolizes , namely that heavenly city which is called the New Jerusalem. This is , moreover , the ideal not just of Chaucer as an individual English poet of the fourteenth century , but of the whole mediaeval tradition for which he acts as a mouthpiece.
At this last presidental inauguration of the 20th century, let us lift our eyes toward the challenges that await us in the next century. It is our great good fortune that time and chance have put us not only at the edge of a new century, in a new millennium, but on the edge of a bright new prospect in human affairs - a moment that will define our course, and our character, for decades to come.
>>349の続きです A It is the vision described by St.John in the last chaputers of his Book of Revelation at the end of the Bible , developed by St.Augustine at greater length in his famous book On the City of God at the beginning of the Middle Ages , and symbolized in stone in all the Gothic churches and cathedrals during the high Middle Ages with there spires and pinnacles pointing insistently and repeatedly upwards to heaven.
We must keep our old democracy forever young. Guided by the ancient vision of a promised land, let us set our sights upon a land of new promise. The promise of America was born in the 18th century out of the bold conviction that we are all created equal. It was extended and preserved in the 19th century, when our nation spread across the continent, saved the union, and abolished the awful scourge of slavery. Then, in turmoil and triumph, that promise exploded onto the world stage to make this the American Century. And what a century it has been. America became the world’s mightiest industrial power; saved the world from tyranny in two world wars and a long cold war; and time and again, reached out across the globe to millions who, like us, longed for the blessings of liberty. Along the way, Americans produced a great middle class and security in old age; built unrivaled centers of learning and opened public schools to all; split the atom and explored the heavens; invented the computer and the microchip; and deepened the wellspring of justice by making a revolution in civil rights for African Americans and all minorities, and extending the circle of citizenship, opportunity and dignity to women. Now, for the third time, a new century is upon us, and another time to choose. We began the 19th century with a choice, to spread our nation from coast to coast. We began the 20th century with a choice, to harness the Industrial Revolution to our values of free enterprise, conservation, and human decency. Those choices made all the difference. At the dawn of the 21st century a free people must now choose to shape the forces of the Information Age and the global society, to unleash the limitless potential of all our people, and, yes, to form a more perfect union.
@ I teach at a women's university,and most of my students are 18 to 22, young women full of energy and plants for the future. In addition to studying, their interestes are their part-time jobs, the latest fashions, karaoke and getting their drivers' licenses. But, I have one student who is a little different. Her name is Naomi. Her interests are studying, her part-time job, her husband and her one-year-old son. Yes, not only is she a student, but a wife and mother as well.
How did all this happen? Well, after graduating from high school, she left her small hometown to attend a junior college in Tokyo. After graduating from college, she worked for a while and then started taking a correspondence course on teaching English to children. For twelve years, she worked and studied. She met the man who would become her husband on a visit to her hometown for a high school reunion. They had been classmates, but had not seen each other in years. After they got reacquainted, they discovered they had a lot in common, and decided to get married.
A Naomi was thirty-two years old. She moved to Gunma where her husband ran a cram school. During the day she worked for a temp agency and in the evenings she taught at her husband's cram school, all the while hoping to have children af her own someday. After about ten years, though, the couple gave up on having any children and Naomi decided to go back to school and further her education, this time at the four-year university where I teach. And so it was that about a year-and-a-half ago she was in my reading class. I taught her for a semester and was looking forward to seeing her in one of my classes the next year and told her so. A few weeks later she asked if she could talk to me after class because she had something to tell me. Smiling, she said she was sorry that she would not be in any of my classes the next year. I was confused and asked why. She told me that she was going to have a baby. She and her husband were quite surprised but incredibly happy.
I missed Naomi the next year, but I received e-mails from her with pictures of her new son and the promise that she would be back at school the following April.
B Well, she's back and we sat down for lunch the other day and had a nice chat. I asked her how she handles being a student, part-time worker, wife and mother.
"My husband likes me to do what I want to do. He has never asked me to just stay at home," she said. "He helps with the cleaning. But he can't cook――if I'm not there to make dinner he has to go out to eat," she laughed.
My mischicbous brother and I were watching cartoons on TV while my father was sleeping in his room and my mother was out shopping. I left my brother in the living room and went to get something to drink As I was pouring some crange juice,I heard something break. I quickly ran to see what had happened. When I went into the living room,I was shocked. My brother had broken my mother's favorite vase. "What did you do?"I gasped. "I broke it!"my brother answered. "It was on accident!" He was freaked out,and I did not went him to get in trouble. I did what anyone who had love for her brother would do. I ran and got some glue. I didn't know what time my mother was going to be back or when my father was going to wake up,so I tried to hurry.
Individual manufacturers have reacted to the improvements. Sharp Corp., which reported its first full-year net loss for the fiscal year ended in March, has boosted production at its main LCD-panel factory in Japan to full capacity, citing strong demand from China, after slashing output in half last fall.
After ezperiencing the horror and devastation of the First World War, people realized there was a need for an interna-tional organization that would mediate disputes and resolve conflicts. The League of Nations was established for this purpose in 192 Nations was established for this purpose in 1920. Unfortunately, it was not very effective in dealing with aggression by powerful countries, such as Japan`s annexation of Manchuria in 1931 and Italy`s con-quest of Ethiopia in 1935, and the US never became a mem-ber. The League eventually collapsed. By the end of the Second World War, it was clear that a new League of Nations was needed. A conference was con-vened in San Francisco in 1945 and representatives of 50 nations prepared a charter stating the purposes and princi-ples of the new organization. On the 26th of June 1945, the United Nations came into being. Since then, its membership has grown to include 18 then, its membership has grown to include 189 nations, and it has earned the trust and respect of the global community. The UN is involved in a wide range of activities, all devoted to improving the lives of ordinary people. In the field of peace and security, the UN mediates disputes between countries and uses preventive diplomacy to resolve conflicts before they get out of control. It sends military observers to separate opposing armies. The UN also spon-sors international conventions on disaemament, such as the ban on the use of land mines introduce in 1997.
Preparing for an examination can sometimes bring about miracles. Sue, a college senjor, was studying hard every day for final mathematics examination. She was unsure whether she would pass the exam. She was afaraid thatif she did not do well, she would fail the couse and not be able to graduate.
On the night before the examination, Sue studied so long that she overslept the next morning. She rushed to her college as she could. When she entered the classroom 15 minutes ahrer the exam had started, she saw three problems written on her test paper.
Sue quickly went to work. She managed to solve the first two problems. The third problem, however, was much more difficult―impossible, she thought. The minutes passed. Finally, with just a few minutes remaining, Sue found a method that worked and finished answering the problem just as time was called. She handed in her paper and left the room.
That afternoon, the professor called Sue to his office. "Do you know what you have done?" he shouted at her. Sue was horrified. She was sure she had failed the exam. "You only had to solve the first two problems," he continued. "The third one was just an example of a problem even Einstein couldn't solve. And you―you just solved it!"
What accounts for these patterns of behavior? Why was the Bronx Oldsmobile looted and destroyed right away, While the one in Palo Alto lasted until Zimbardo and his students began smashing it first? How were Hush Puppies transformed from being the focus of nerd behavior to herd behavior practically overnight? More generally, What effect does the behavior of peers have on the choices of the individual? And more specific to our concerns,how can a better understanding of imitative behavior influence the way we understand the myriad choices people make about technology, and the effects of these choices on poverty and prosperity? 神様、和訳よろしくお願いします。
長いのですがよろしくおねがいします In 2002, Shimadzu Corporation employee Koichi Tanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry. Tanaka later said that he enjoyed seeing firsthand the results of his work, and it pleased him that the products and technology he was directly involved with were being put to good use in society. His feeling of pride is proof that the spirit of Shimadzu’s founders is embedded in the company. Shimadzu was founded in 1875 by Genzo Shimadzu, whose father made Buddhist altar paraphernalia. Genzo followed his father’s trade, but his interest in Western science and technology was around when a string of facilities including a physics and chemistry research institute was established across the street from his workshop. Visiting the institute continually, he was soon asked to repair their broken machines and equipment. Later he was permitted to study at the institute. Genzo quickly distinguished himself with his tenacity of purpose and ingenuity. He worked diligently toward building a country based on a foundation of science. In 1875 he started manufacturing physical and chemical instruments for educational purposes, and in 1877 he was the first Japanese to conduct a manned hydrogen balloon flight.
続きです Genzo Jr., who made his own version of the Wimshurst machine at the age of 15. Young Shimadzu succeeded in taking X-ray pictures with his own machine in 1896, eleven months after Dr. Roentgen discovered the X-ray. He always kept his eyes on the present as well as on the future, creating functional and indispensable products one after another. He firmly believed it was necessary that theories have practical applications. Later, in addition to his two biggest achievements, the first X-ray equipment such as a spin drier and a voltmeter. In 1930 he was officially recognized as one of the 10 greatest inventors in Japan, and by the time of his death, he was credited with 178 inventions. The tenacity and prescience of the two founders exist in present-day Shimadzu Corporation, which employs over 3000 people (about 8000 group total) as of 2004. one-third of the employees are engineers engaged in research or in product development. Shimadzu product include analytical and measuring instruments, medical systems, aircraft equipment an industrial machinery. As of March 2005 consolidated sales reached 233.5 billion yen. Approximately 8% of sales is invested back into technological development. To increase its market share, Shimadzu is now focusing on five product lines that relate to its core competence and that are expected to have growth potential: liquid chromatographs, mass spectrometers, environmental measurements system, nondestructive X-ray inspection instruments, and medical flat-panel detectors. In addition, Shimadzu is planning future growth in three new business fields in order to remain a major player in the 21st-century global market. These fields are biotechnology, IT devices, and environmental solutions.
続きです長くて本当に申し訳ないですがおねがいます。 In line with its mission statement to contribute to society through science and technology, Shimadzu shares its findings and achievements at scientific conferences, and supports research by providing scientists with state-of-the-art equipment. It hosts workshops and offers substantial customer support as well. As part of its contribution to global conservation, Shimadzu gives financial and technical support to a United Nations University project dealing with environmental pollution in East Asia. Furthermore, Shimadzu employees volunteer to visit elementary schools and talk about the importance of environmental preservation. Such activities reflect the founders’ firm belief that the future rests with the young. Shimadzu will continue to play a part in promoting the well-being of people and the Earth through its technologies.
With a boyfriend there's a lot of, um expectations. And you don'tknow where it's going to go, so willit become... then you have two parents, and then you're also negotiating, um the parental roles in addition to negotiating who does what for the child.
The United States trades billions of dollars of goods each year. Other world trade leaders include Germany, Japan, France, and Great Britain. The huge volume of world trade gives Americans certain advantages. More kinds of goods are for sale in the United States today than ever before. Many items cost less for American customers because they are made inexpensively abroad. For American businesses, exporting often means increased sales, higher profits, and, sometimes, more jobs and higher wages for American workers. But, world trade also brings problems. Some critics say that when American food and other items are exported, the prices of those items are kept high at home. Most worries, however, center on imports. Some American companies complain that goods imported into the United States from other countries have made it difficult for them to sell American-made products. Many American workers have seen wages cut or even have lost jobs because their employers could not compete with foreign imports. The steel industry provides one example. Over the last several years, more and more low-priced steel made in Japan has been sold in the United States. By early 1983, over one third of all American steel workers were unemployed. As you can see, economic decisions and policies made by trading countries can affect people around the world.
At times, trading countries cooperate economically. Remember, however, that these countries also are economic competitors. For this reason, the United States and other developed countries have adopted various economic policies to help them gain the greatest advantage from their trade. Traditionally, the United States has followed a policy of free trade. This is a policy in which trade is not restricted by economic barriers. In other words, goods made in other countries are not limited or heavily taxed. This allows the imported goods the same chance of being sold as goods made in the United States. Those who support free trade believe that it brings greater prosperity to all. Trade among many countries in the world today is not completely free. In some countries, the government helps support certain industries. This allows the businesses to export quail products at a lower price. In some European countries, automobiles must be assembled in the country where they are to be sold. This policy also is meant to protect the country’s workers.
@Wherever dense crowds gather, an eruption of panic can have deadly consequences, as in the stampede that killed hundreds during a mass pilgrimage to Mecca in 2006. With methods from the physics of fluids, scientists have now dissected the events of that tragic day and come up with recommendations that may have contributed to making the next year's pilgrimage proceed smoothly.
AEvery year toward the end of the week-long Hajj pilgrimage, millions of pilgrims visit the place in the desert outside Mecca, Saudi Arabia, where Abraham is said to have thrown stones at the devil. Every able-bodied Muslim is supposed to make the trip at least once. When they arrive, pilgrims throw pebbles at three walls, which symbolize three apparitions of the Evil One.
BCatastrophic stampedes have periodically afflicted the event. The most recent one on January. 12,2006 killed 345 people and injured 289.
CIn collaboration with Saudi authorities, physicists at Dresden University of Technology in Germany studied video recordings of the 2006 stampede. They wrote visual-recognition software to track and measure the motion of individuals in the crowd and, by following those individuals, analyzed the crowd's movements as the disaster unfolded.
DIn normal conditions, pedestrians tend to spontaneously fall into ordered patterns, such as lanes going in opposite directions, previous research had shown. As crowds get denser, stop-and-go patterns begin to propagate in waves ― as is typical for cars on heavily trafficked highways. But in critical situations ― as when cars get into gridlock―people can break out in panics that result in random patterns of motion, similar to the turbulence of water in the wake of a boat. Crowd members can get squeezed and asphyxiated or fall and be trampled.
EThe video recordings enabled the Dresden team to identify for the first time a factor that correlates with these transitions in crowd behavior. It can be regarded as a thermometer of chaos.
F"We tried dozens of different measurements," says team member Anders Johansson, but he and his colleagues found only one factor, which they called crowd pressure, that proved useful. It combines crowd density and the rate of change in the velocity of the flow.
GThe team found that critical thresholds in crowd pressure correlate with the onset of stop-and-go patterns and turbulence. The findings appear in the April Physical Review E.
HThe results are "remarkable," says Hani Mahmassani, a traffic-dynamics expert at the University of Maryland at College Park. "It sheds incredible light on the anatomy of a major crowd disaster." But Mahmassani, who has also advised the Saudi government on preventing stampedes during the Hajj, warns that understanding the dynamics of crowd panic is not the same as preventing it. "Panic has a psychological dimension," he says.
IHowever, Salim Al-Bosta, a civil engineer in the Saudi government, says that measures based on the research helped the Hajj run smoothly in 2007. Image-recognition software now tracks the flow of pilgrims and warns organizers to slow the influx of pilgrims to the site when crowd pressure approaches a critical value, he says.
以下注釈です。
Formula for Panic「パニックの方程式」 as in〜「たとえば〜の場合のように」 Meccaサウジアラビアの中心都市。マホメッドの誕生地でイスラム教の聖地。 physics of fluids「流体物理学」 have...come up with recommendations「提言を申し出た」 may have contributed to 〜 「〜に貢献したかもしれない」
Hajj pilgrimage「メッ力大巡礼」 Abraham「アブラハム」イスラム教(およびキリスト教、ユダヤ教)で一神教の祖とみなされている。 apparitions of the Evil One「邪悪なものの出現」 Catastrophic 「悲劇的な」 Saudi authorities 「サウジアラビア当局」 visual-recognition software 「視覚認識ソフト」 Image-recognition software「画像認識ソフト」 fall into〜「〜に分かれる」 stop-and-go patterns「進んでは止まる影態」 propagate in waves「波状に伝わる」 get into gridlock「渋滞状態になる」 get squeezed and asphyxiated「押されて窒息させられる」 be trampled「踏みつけられる」 correlates with〜「〜と相関関係にある」 thermometer「(比揄的に)指標」 velocity「速度」
Cambridge University has one of the oldest and most beautiful campuses in the world. The picturesque River Cam runs through the campus. Of the many elegant and useful bridges that span the river, one has many stories attached to it. Mathematical Bridge, which connects one side of Queens' College with the other, is a small, wooden arch bridge with a long and storied history.
A tour guide is likely to tell you that the bridge was designed by Isaac Newton(1643-1727), the Cambridge academic who was famous for inventing calculus and discovering the principle of gravity. The story continues that Newton, using his mathematical skills, designed the bridge to be built without using artificial fasteners such as nails, bolts or screws. Hence, it is known as "Mathematical Bridge."
It is a great story, but there is no truth in it. First of all. the bridge was designed by William Etheridge. Furthermore, Etheridge designed it more than 20 years after Newton died. Also, he used fasteners, as any designer would. However, he cleverly hid them from view, which explains the origin of the "no fasteners" myth.
Another story properly credits Etheridge as the designer, but holds that he was only able to create his innovative design after an inspirational visit to China.
In this fable, Etheridge's bridge got its nickname from his sophisticated use of mathematical and architectural concepts that were unknown to the West at that time. How interesting that story would be if it were true. Alas, there is no basis for this story either. For one thing, as the bridge uses an arch design, it was not quite as exotic as the story suggests. Many ancient peoples discovered that an arch is an excellent way to distribute stresses in a load-bearing structure.
Another tale regarding the bridge is that it was disassembled as a school project, but the students and teachers involved could not put it back together properly ― so they had to use fasteners after all. In a variation, it is said that the professors could not put it back together by themselves, so they had to ask their students for help. The truth is less amusing: the bridge needed to be rebuilt in 1866, and again in 1905, because the wood used in its construction decayed. Teak, a very hard wood, was used in the most recent renovation. Due to the bridge's design and teak's ability to resist decay, Mathematical Bridge has survived in its present form for over one hundred years.
One must be careful of stories. A good story is hard resist, but if its foundation is weak, it will not hold up to close examination. To students of engineering or architecture, the truth about the Mathematical Bridge is as instructive as its sight is pleasing. One does not have to be a genius or use exotic technologies to create a timeless design. The fundamental excellence of its 18th century design and the wisdom of its creator, William Etheridge, are appreciated today, hundreds of years later. Now that is an inspirational story!
If the electric field in a material is so large that there is a potential difference of a few volts over a distance comparable to atomic sizes, then the field can do enough work on a valence electron to boost it over the forbidden region and into the conduction band.
長文がまったくわかりません、お力をお貸しください @John F. Kennedy scattered the seeds of the Peace Corps there in 1960. Lyndon Johnson rooted the Great Society there in 1965. George Bush, as part of his ‘’vision thing,’’ called for a ‘’Good Society’’ there in 1991 because ‘’We don’t need another ‘Great Society’ with huge and ambitious programs administered by the incumbent few. We need a ‘Good Society,’’ he told a crowd of sixty-eight thousand,‘’…built upon the needs of many.’’ AHere, now, in the shadow of these presidents on a brilliant first day of May, stood Hilary Rodham Clinton, She was a small but authoritative figure in her billowy black gown of academia, elevating ‘’good’’ to ‘’excellence’’ for 6,500 students receiving degrees at this colossus of American higher education, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. ‘‘Your excellence is not only about you, but it is about your generation and your country,’’ she told them. ‘‘Excellence is not found in any single moment in our lives. It is not about those who shine always in the sun or those who fail to succeed in the darkness of human error or mistake. It is about who we are what we believe in, what we do with every day of our lives.’’
BOverhead, a small plane scudded across the cloudless sky trailing a banner ━ ‘‘Equal Rights for Unborn First Ladies’’ on one go-round, ‘‘College for the Unborn, Too; Impeach Hilary,’’ on another. The crowd of fifty thousand noticed; Hilary, who will likely go nowhere during her tenure in the White House without criticism from somewhere, appeared unperturbed. Not that dissent much bothered her in any form. Twenty four years earlier when she was the student speaker at her own dissent about a wounded society, a society in which ‘‘the divisions of the Vietnam era and the combustible mix of racism and poverty that exploded in so many of our cities’’ had enraged a generation. C‘‘Going back and reading it now I see the idealism,’’ she continued, her amplified voice resonating around the huge Michigan stadium. ‘‘I see the excitement and I know that at twenty-one I was perhaps unable to appreciate the political and social restraint that one faces in the world. But I’m glad I felt like that when I was twenty-one, and I have always tried to keep those feelings with me. I want to be idealistic, I want to care about the world, I want to be connected to other people.’’
DIdealism and restraint. A deep belief in the need to reform the system yet a reverence for the rules of that system, rules that impeded reform. The dichotomy of Hillary Clinton was on display that afternoon as clearly as any time since she had first swept into the national consciousness not much more than a year before and since she had remade the job of First Lady starting 102 days earlier. EAmid the cheers, Hillary, The Pragmatist, was also reminding young listeners that while the Cold War was over and minorities and women had greater rights than when she was their age, ‘‘society was too often coming apart instead of coming together.’’ New problems demanded the ‘‘right balance,’’ equalizing rights with responsibility and learning ‘‘what you are willing to stand for and stand against.’’ It wasn’t enough to promote the common good and provide each other with certain rights and opportunities it people weren’t ‘‘responsible to themselves for themselves and on behalf of their families.’’
FLater, she slumped into her seat aboard the Air Force C-9 jet taking her back to Washington, admitting she was exhausted by her own One Hundred Days ━ the seven-day weeks, sixteen-hour days mostly in pursuit of a plan to reform the nation’s health care system and by the bedside vigil she had kept of her dying father. She considered more heavily the ‘‘political and social restraint’’ one faced as a forty-five-year-old whose balancing act of personal duty and public commitment no other First Lady in history had undertaken. Remembering that ‘‘wonderful old aphorism’’ ━ Winston Churchill’s ━ that ‘‘a man who is not a liberal at twenty has no heart, and one who is not a conservative at forty has no head,’’ she said she was ‘‘trying to recognize what is the obvious reality of how difficult change is, but with the deep feeling I have that you have to stay engaged, stay committed.
Songs travel. Ten years after the end of apartheid, Bridge over Troubled Water came back to New York City. In September 2001, following the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, America was in shock and mourning. It seemed to many Americans that it was not appropriate to continue with their usual activities. Television and radio stations changed their regular program schedules, and sporting events were called off. One communication company issued a list of songs that it thought might not be appropriate for a time of mourning. Oddly, the list included Bridge over Troubled Water and John Lennon's Imagine.
【A Cat Dish】 ◆ A curio dealer was searching for rare antiques so that he could sell for a lot of money. But rare antiques were hard to find in Edo, so he went traveling to local towns. When he came to the town of Kawagoe, he stopped at a tea stall to take a rest. “It’s a nice day, isn’t it?” said the dealer to the old man who was the owner of the tea stall. “Yes, indeed. Everybody says so. Please sit down. Tea will be ready soon,” answered the old man. While the owner went back to the kitchen, the curio dealer noticed a dirty cat eating food from an old dish on the ground. The dealer was astonished when he closely looked at the dish. It was special chinaware called ‘Egorai’, which could be sold for three hundred gold coins. But the owner didn’t seem to know its value.
◆ “I want that dish! But how can I get it? Hmm. Oh, I’ve goy a wonderful idea,” the dealer said to himself. “Here you are, sir,” said the old man, serving tea to the dealer. “Thank you so much. This local tea tastes really nice. By the way, you have such a nice cat.” “Not really! He’s just a stray cat.” “Come here, little cat. Here he comes. He knows who is a cat lover.” “Don’t touch him, sir. He’s losing a lot of hair and your clothes will be covered with it.” “It doesn’t matter to me at all. Look! He is purring on my knees. How cute he is!” “You call him a cute cat? No way. He has a long, ugly tail.” “What’s wrong with the long tail? It’s no going to give us any trouble, is it?” “I’ve never seen him being so friendly to a stranger. He surely knows who likes cats.”
Learning a language is often compared to learning to play a sport or a musical instrument. Players of a sport must react quickly when the ball comes toward them, and musicians must play the melody smoothly or their listeners will not enjoy it. In the same way, when we are able to use a foreign launguage well, the grammar and vocabulary come into our minds almost automatically, and we are free to think about what we want to say or convey.
Granting that there is no law against that, it is still immoral. Edward looked kathy in the eye and asked her if she really meant what she said. It does not become a man of his status to tell a lie.
one writer has said that for first-year collage students, writing a research report is like learning a new dance. the vocabulary is more specialized than the words they met in high school. This vocabulary does not yet feel natural to them. It feels like strange new dancing shoes. The steps in writing the report are like the steps in learning a new dance - at first we can do nothing but watch others dance and try to copy them. The first step in writing a research report is to read about the topic. Students have to read to understand what other writers say. In the second step, they have to select the information from the books they have read to use in their own essay. They choose the points that are most interesting to them. In the third step, they put the information together in their own essay. They try to explain the topic clearly to yhe students and teachers who will read the report. Like any new dance, these steps seem complicated at first. However, if you practice hard, before long you will find that you too can follow them, and take your place in the tradition of the research essay.
The hub bearing widely used in automotive applications is a double-row tapered roller bearing, whose surrounding structure is an asymmetric complex flexible housing.
Among the hub-bearing system, many contact/nonlinear problems are encountered such as flexible housing/outer ring, outer ring/rollers, rollers/inner ring and inner ring/shaft, which is shown in Fig. 1. The main dimension of the specific hub-bearing unit is given in Table 1, and its physical properties are listed in Table 2.
自分なりに訳してみたのですが、所々不安な箇所があるのでご指導お願いします>< 原文↓ Conventionally, the rolling-bearing housing is simplified and considered as a rigid-body, which takes only Hertz contact of bearing system into account, so it is convenient to analyze [1], but this simplified model cannot satisfy the increasing demands for reliability of the bearing supported in a complex flexible housing [2]. Even though it was repeatedly proven that housing rigidity bears an undeniable impact on an overall machine [3,4], it is quite difficult to measure or determine experimentally the internal load/stress distribution of the bearing system. Due to the progress of current numerical technique, the simulation of flexible bearing’s load/stress distribution is possible, which bears significance to enhance the performance of the bearing system. Koyama [5] optimized the third-generation hub bearing’s inner flange theoretically by simply simulating bearing’s internal load distribution. In this paper, a multi-body contact FEM model is initially established to simulate a specific hub-bearing unit’s internal load/stress distribution. Based on the simulation, the hub bearing’s primary failure characteristics are predicted for given load conditions. As a means of validation, a statistical experiment of the same type of 600 sets of actual failed hub bearing is carried out. The experimental result is then compared with the simulation. It will suggest the validity of the FEM model of the hub-bearing system.
I'm an American, but I spend quite a lot of time in Britain. Generally speaking, I don't think the British are very fond of Americans. They find us too friendly. They are apt to think we talk too much, especially about ourselves. Perhaps they're right. As soon as we meet someone, we Americans tell him or her our whole life story. We confess all our personal problems. We talk about our divorces, our alcoholic fathers, our troubled daughters and sons. We also tend to argue too much, and are quick to get angry, especially if anyone says anything critical of America. We have very strong opinions. We aren't good listeners.
I frantically gathered up all of the broken pieces and stared to glue them together. It took me an hour,but I finally fixed the vase. Then came the real disaster. "Oh my Gawd!" I screamed. I had fixed the vase,but I had accidentally flued my hair to it! While my brother looked at me like I was some kind of idiot,I carried the vase-with my hair attached to it-into the bathroom. I looked in the mirrow. "My beautiful hair!" I cried. I realized that there was no way to pull my hair out from the vase. So I grabbed a pair of scissors. With every single strand of hair that I cut,I cried again. My hair was ruined and the vase looked as if a wig was attached to it! As I was leaving the bathroom,I heard a key turn in the front door. "Hey guys,I'm back!" 和訳宜しくお願いします!
The invention of modern computers, which has helped to greatly expand our memory and brain capacities, has played an important part in the development of cyborgs. Some scientists predict, that in the near future we may have tiny computers implanted in our brains or other body parts. These micro-computers could be used to help replace damaged body parts and functions. They might also be used to improve or "upgrade" our mental and physical capacities.
It is particularly the use of cyborg technology to "upgrade" humans thet worries many people. What would be the effects of "upgraded" cyborg-humans on society and on the environment? Would everyone have access to this technology, or only the rich? Would it really be good for us? And might it be used by governments to control our minds and for dangerous purposes such as making "super soldiers" for war?
On a philosophical level, the development of cyborg leads us to question the boundary between humans and machines, and the boundary between the natural and the artificial. Increasingly, it seems there is only a fuzzy dividing line between the "natural" world of bodies and the "artificial" world of machines. As in the field of cloning and genetic engineering, we face very difficult ethical questions and problems regarding this new technology. A big question we should ask is, will we use is to free ourselves--or to enslave ourselves.
The British, on the other hand, are more reserved. It takes a while to get to know them. They don't like to give out personal information. In this way, they are like many of my Japanese friends. But this doesn't mean the British don't like to talk. They do. And they are good at it, because their fine education system has given them plenty to talk about. History, art, science - they know a lot about many things. They read the daily papers from cover to cover and go out to plays, movies, concert, and art galleries frequently. So they know a lot about what is going on in the world. In fact, one reason I enjoy visiting Britain so much is that the conversations are interesting. But most of the time, I prefer just to listen. That, I guess, is why some of my British friends say I'm not a "typical American."
〜1〜 Doctor: On the way down,gravity gives back what it takes away on the way up. So, on the basis of gravity alone,the bullet's speed when it hits the ground is about the same as when it left the gun. And that's how fast it will be going when it hits the ground,or.... Barber: Or...? Doctor: An innocent person nearby. Barber: Wow! Doctor: But,you see, we've ignored the fact that air slows down the bullet. As you can tell by putting your hand out the window of a moving car,the faster you go,the more the air tries to hold you back. So as our bullet falls faster and faster under the influence or gravity,air resistance tries to make it go slower and slower. Pretty soon,the two opposite forces become wqual. After that,the object won't go any faster at all while it falls. It has reached its "Terminal velocity." Barber: "Terminal velocity?" Doctor: Yes. This "terminal velocity" of a falling object depends on its size and shape,and on how it catches the air. For skydivers,spreading their arms and legs can change their bodies' air resistance,so they can gather at the same terminal velocity and do stunts before opening their parachutes.
〜2〜 Barber: So air is real important to shooting. Right,Doctor? Doctor: Yes and no. If a shooter is close to a target,air resistance doesn't slow the bullet down much. Also,a streamlined object like a bullet doesn't suffer much air resistance on the way up. But,during its fall,it is probably tumbling,or more likely falling backward,because that's the most stable way for that shape to fall. The air resistance on a tumbling bullet is greater,so the bullet slows a lot on the way down. Barber: How fast does it go down,Doctor? Doctor: One expert estimates that a bullet with a speed of 1,400 kilometers per hour when it is fired might fall to the ground with a speed of 150 to 220 kilometers per hour,and its speed depends on how it tumbles. That's still more than enough speed to do serious damage to people. Barber: So the shooter may get killed by his or her own bullet? Doctor: Well,actually,the shooter isn't very likely to be hit when the gun is fired. Usually,wind has a great effect. In one test,out of five hundred bullets fired straight up,only four landed within three square meters of the gun. Barber: So the shooter is most likely to get away with it! That's not fair,is it? Well,well,well.... Your hair is done,sir. Doctor: Thank you. Barber: Thank YOU for all your explanation,Doctor. That was very interesting.
>>406の続きなのですが。。。 But people were looking for comfort in times of trouble and they soon turned again to music. Ten days after the attacks, there was a huge all-star broadcast on televition for the victims. It was carried by almost all American TV channels and broadcast to over 200 other countries. There was no audience, no applause and no commercials. Neil Young sang Imagine. Paul Simon was invited to sing Bridge over Troubled Water. Again Bridge over Troubled Water became a hit. It was chosen to be sung at the Salt Lake City Olympics the next year.
What gives this song such lasting appeal? First, there is the simple but unforgettable tune; then the words that speak of suffering and self-sacrifice and hope for a better tomorrow. Lile the gospel music that inspired it, Bridge over Troubled Water offers comfort in times of trouble.
Ethical tourism is a response to the negative aspects of conventional tourism which seeks to ensure that when rich western tourism visit the Third World, they show respects for the local people and their culture and support the local economy. It can be seen at three levels: a responsible between foreign travel agencies and local people; and a pro-gram run agencies and local people; and a pro-gram run entirely by the local community.Tourism Concern, a British organization set up in 1989, promotes what it calls community tourism, defined as tourism that involves and benefits local communities. One of their publi-cations lists examples such as a campsite run by Australian Aborigines, sataris led by Botswanan Bushmen, and home-stays in led by Botswanan Bushmen, and home-stays in a Quichua community in the rainforest of Ecuador. The travel industry is extremely competitive. Most tour companies try to minimize costs, which means less money is avaiable for guides, waiters and other local employees. However tourists nowadays are more likely to be impressed by details of an agency`s contributions to the local commu-nity, such as funding for new schools, clinics and handicraft centers. Contact with the local people used to be avoided at all costs; now it is to be avoided at all costs; now it is a major selling point. And tourists are beginning to ask questions about environmental impact which company representatives need to have the right answers to. Ethical and eco-friendly tourism is here to stay.
8.2.3.5 Analysis and Comparison In this section, we describe and analyse the simplified model of the multichannel MAC protocols. Our goal is numerically to compare the performance of different multichannel protocols under identical conditions. Several assumptions in our environment are as follows:
■ It is a fully distributed network where all devices can transmit and receive from one another. Each device contains single radio. It can tune to access one speciic potential channel in one time slot. For simplicity, we assume the network is fully distributed and there is no hidden/exposed terminal. The medium access control is therefore simplified to 1-hop problem. ■ Time is perfectly synchronised and divided into frames/slots within the network. ■ Devices always have a packet to transmit to other devices, but with probability/? they try to transmit at the beginning of every time slot. The receiver of the transmitter is randomly chosen by the transmitter with equal probability among all devices except the transmitter. ■ The channel is perfect and there will be no transmission error, however, the collision may happen while more than one transmitter starts to transmit over the same channel at the same time. There is no ARQ and no receivers can receive the packet if a collision happens. ■ There will be no re-transmission over time slots. If a transmitter decides to transmit to a specific receiver, somehow the transmitter fails (collision or busy channel). It will not persist in transmission to fix the past failures. It will just flip a coin, and with probability p to transmit, the receiver is randomly chosen again taking no regard of the previous receiver.
The invention of modern computers, which has helped to greatly expand our memory and brain capacities, has played an important part in the development of cyborgs. Some scientists predict, that in the near future we may have tiny computers implanted in our brains or other body parts. These micro-computers could be used to help replace damaged body parts and functions. They might also be used to improve or "upgrade" our mental and physical capacities.
It is particularly the use of cyborg technology to "upgrade" humans thet worries many people. What would be the effects of "upgraded" cyborg-humans on society and on the environment? Would everyone have access to this technology, or only the rich? Would it really be good for us? And might it be used by governments to control our minds and for dangerous purposes such as making "super soldiers" for war?
続きなのですが、どなたか宜しくお願いします。 On a philosophical level, the development of cyborg leads us to question the boundary between humans and machines, and the boundary between the natural and the artificial. Increasingly, it seems there is only a fuzzy dividing line between the "natural" world of bodies and the "artificial" world of machines. As in the field of cloning and genetic engineering, we face very difficult ethical questions and problems regarding this new technology. A big question we should ask is, will we use is to free ourselves--or to enslave ourselves.
“I hope you don't mind me asking this,but,can I have your cat?”said the dealer. “What?I beg your pardon?”asked the old man. “Don't make a face like that.We had a lovely cat but it ran away last year. My wife really misses it and keeps asking me to bring her another.” “I'm sorry I can't give you the cat. I lost my wife recently and this cat has been keeping me from feeling lonely.” “I'm not asking you to give me the cat for free. Let me pay you the money you've spent for the cat food. Here.Take this money. Will three gold coins do?” “Three gold coins?I cannot take that much.” “It's all right.Please take it.” “If you insist,I'll take it. Please take the cat now. But don't ask me to give the money back.”
According the metaphysical part of the doctrine, the word "cat" means a certain ideal cat, "the cat," created by God, and unique. Particular cats partake of the nature of the cat, but more or less imperfectly; it is only owing to this imperfection that can be many of them. The cat is real; particular cats are only apparent. I Here Plato explains that, whenever a number of individuals have a common name, they have also a common "idea" or "form." For instance, though there are many beds, there is only one "idea" or "form" of a bed. Just as a reflection of a bed in a mirror is only apparent and not "real," so the various particular beds are unreal, being only copies of the "idea," which is the one real bed, and is made by God. Of this one bed, made by God, there can be knowledge, but in respect of the many beds made by carpenters there can be only opinion. The philosopher, as such will be interested only in the one ideal bed, not in the many beds found in the sensible world.
“No,I won't.I promise,”answered the dealer. “Now then,can I have that dirty dish too? I need it to feed the cat. You know a cat is a very nervous animal and it prefers a dish it is used to eating from.” “No,no.Let me give you a nice dish instead,”said the old man. “Don't bother to do that.That dirty dish is good enough.” “I'm sorry I can't give it to you.” “Come on.It's just a cat dish.” “No,sir.The dish is an invaluable antique called ‘Egorai’. It's worth more than three hundred gold coins.” “That expensive?But how come you feed the dirty cat with the precious dish?” “Well..., because strange things happen. If I feed a cat with this dish,from time to time I can sell one for three gold coins.”
@Nothing now remains of the shrine but the bare floor where once it stood behind the high altar,after its destrucruction by another King Henry, the eighth of that name. what was more important, however, we could see the long flight of stone steps down which the martyr had been thrust by his four assailants, and the place on the pavement below where his blood had been shed by their swords. We could also see the cloisters outside and the chapter house where T.S.Eliot`s play had originally been presented at the Canterbury aeval stained-glass windows, known as “The poor Man`s Bible” , from which the pilgrims of old had learnt not only of the life and miracles of St.Thomas but also of God`s mercies to man as narrated in the Bible. To them, one might say, Chaucer`s Canterbury Tales had led us,as a kind of prolonged Prolouge; and they in turn seved,like Chaucer`s parson, with the light of the afternoon sun shining through them, to raise our pilgrim thoughts from earth to heaven and from Canterbury to the celestial Jerusalem.
A Our apprpach to Stratford from London was an impressive one. Over the old Clopton Bridge we could enjoy the fine view down the river Avon, past the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre to the slender spire of Holy Trinity Church rising among the distant trees. But not for long. We had soon crossed the bridge Street, then bearing left thriugh a narrow opening into Henley Street. Here we passed a strangely small house--in proportion to the houses surrounding it--with a yellow flag flying from its roof, before eventually making our way to the nearby coach park. On alighting from the coach, we retraced our steps to that house, which turned out to be none other than Shakespeare`s birthplace; while the flag with his family coat of arms and the motto “Non Sanz Droict”--Not without right.
“I hope you don’t mind me asking this, but, can I have your cat?” said the dealer. “What? I beg your pardon?” asked the old man. “Don’t make a face like that. We had a lovely cat but it ran away last year. My wife really misses it and keeps asking me to bring her another.” “I’m sorry I can’t give you the cat. I lost my wife recently and this cat has been keeping me from feeling lonely.” “I’m not asking you to give me the cat for free. Let me pay you the money you’ve spent for the cat food. Here. Take this money. Will three gold coins do?” “Three gold coins? I cannot take that much.” “It’s all right. Please take it.” “If you insist, I’ll take it. Please tale the cat now. But don’t ask me to give the money back.”
“No, I won’t. I promise,” answered the dealer. “Now then, can I have that dirty dish too? I need it to feed the cat. You know a cat is a very nervous animal and it prefers a dish it is used to eating from.” “No, no. Let me give you a nice dish instead,” said the old man. “Don’t bother to do that. That dirty dish is good enough.” “I’m sorry I can’t give it to you.” “Come on. It’s just a cat dish.” “No, sir. The dish is an invaluable antique called ‘Egorai’. It’s worth more than three hundred gold coins.” “That expensive? But how come you feed the dirty cat with the precious dish?” “Well…, because strange things happen. If I feed a cat with this dish, from time to time I can sell one for three gold coins.”
@ Naomi wonders about his day while she is attending classes. "Is he okey? Is he having a good time? Is he lonely for me?" These are just a few of the worries she shared with me. But she said that he seems happy to be at day care playing with the teachers and the other children, and when she picks him up there he is happy to see her. The only thing that bothers her is that the other mothers as well as most of the teachers are younger than she is. She believes she has made the right choice, though, because she better, kinder mom. She also loves to spend time in the late evening with her husband and son, even though it is difficult then to get everybody out of bed and ready to go early the next morning.
And after university, what are her plans? "I want to do something to help the foreign community in Japan. Not for money, but to help people from other countries to have a better life here," she said. By helping other people she thinks it will in turn make her life better. She has traveled to other countries, and though she could never stay longer than a few days or a few weeks, she thinks if people knew about other people's backgrounds and cultures, they would have better understanding and more respect for each other.
A What do her friends think about her life? They think it is great. They are envious of her lifestyle and think she is very fortunate to have support from her husband and her family. She also told me having children at an older age keeps a mother young. I have to agree. She has a lot of energy and some wonderful plans for the future.
it is almost unbelievable how sucbessful hello kitty is. after all,she is just a small white cat with an enormous head and little button eyes. but hello kittys special appeal has made 50 billion yen for her owner,the japanese company sanrio. that means she is even richer than madonna or britney spears. although hello kitty is made by a japanese company,she has become an international cult phenomenon. in tokyo,a hello kitty theme park at puroland draws thousands of visitors,and a cartoon series increases her fame.she also appears in hundreds of sanrio shops and outlets around the world. hello kitty is particularly popular with women in their 20s and 30s. what makes them love the prodact so much? vicky schweiss(26)from toronto,canada,is a typical hello kitty fan. ''says vicky.''i carry a hello kitty cell phone,shopping bag and purse all the time. and my hello kitty quilt , bathroom rug and cushions give my home a cozy atmosphere.''
the sanrio superstore in new york's times square carries over 12000 hello kitty products,including CD players,guitars,coffee makers,and even a wristwatch with diamonds. amazingly the company arings out 100 new items every month. once or twice a year,vicrstore for a spending spree. ''everything in the store tempts me. i'll spend a day in there looking around and talking to other hello kitty fans.'' お願いします
長文ですがお願いします。 The importance of Exercise for Children.
Joseph is a very busy 8-year-old boy. In the fall, he plays on a roller hockey team. He practices every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon and has a roller hockey game every Saturday morning. In the winter, Joseph plays basletball. His team practices one evening a week. They have a basketball game every saturday morning. In the spring and summer, Joseph plays baseball. His team has a game twice a week and practices at least once. It is easy to see that Joseph is very active after school.
In contrast, while most American children are in school, they have a physical education class just once a week for 45minutes. Boys and girls from kindergarten to grade 12 do not have to have a physical education class in school every day. They do not have to exercise.
Not all American children are as active in sports after school as Joseph is. Therefore,these boys and girls need to exercise in school. Many people believe that the fitness and health of American children are in trouble. In fact, forty percent of children age 5 to 8 may be unhealthy already. For example, many have high blood pressure, are overweight, or have high cholesterol. Doctors beleive that these conditions are the result of physical inactivity and poor diet.
In many countries in the world, all schoolchildren have to do one hour of exercise every day. These exercises do not have to be team sports. They may be simple, such as running, jumping, or climbing ropes. Doctors beleive that havits learned early are more likely to stay with us through life. School is the perfect place to learn these havites, or practices. Active, healthy children who exercise regularly can become active, healthy adults.
Many people guess correctly inflation is a condition in which prices and costs rise response to a variety of factors. In contrast,deflation means that prices and costs are falling. In Japan,deflation is ongoing. The concept of inflation needs detailed study. What is the impact of inflation? Economists recognize two areas of impact of inflation. On is redistribution of income and wealth among different people. The major redistribution effect occurs as a result of unanticipated effects on the real value of people’s wealth. Inflation tends to redistribute wealth from people who hold assets with fixed nominal interest rates to those with fixed nominal interest rate debts. The other impact is distortion of relative prices and outputs of different goods. Inflation also may affect output and employment. Why does inflation occur? Economics provides two theories. One is demand pull inflation’. If aggregate demand exceeds what the economy can produce,prices will rise. The other is ‘cost push inflation’. Supply shocks such as rising oil prices are examples of typical events that push up prices. Cost push inflation is a relatively new phenomenon in modern developed economies and occurs when production costs rise in the absence of excess demand. Some economists believe that inflation targeting is a suitable measure by which to overcome deflation. First, the central bank’s goal of price stability might be judged accurately. Second, inflation targeting makes the goals of the central banks clearer and more transparent and guarantees accountability for the target and independence from the government. Third, this approach can stabilize the expected inflation rate. Finally, using this approach may reduce inflation. Inflation targeting has been used to reduce inflation all over the world ,and it also mat have some positive effects on deflation. 宜しくお願いします
Prices of domestic goods are likely to continue rising in response to higher crude oil prices and the tightening material supply. The pace of the increase is likely to moderate if crude oil prices do not rise significantly. Consumer prices are unlikely to rise in the near future in part because of increase in productivity and corporate restraints on labor costs. The annual change in the Consumer Price Index(CPI) is likely to continue to decline slightly in part because of decreases in the price of rice. Next year, the CPI is expected to increase slightly as it reflects continued improvement the output gap. Note, however, price forecasting is difficult and is subject to some uncertainty because future movements in prices may be influenced by changes in factors such as oil prices, productivity, and labor costs. すいません。これもお願いします
The Bushmen must squeeze water from a seached - out tuber; We get ours by the turn of a tap.Instead of open space, we have city streers. Instead of seeking the sun's heat when we need it,or avoiding it when it is too strong, we warm and cool ourseives with human-made machines. All this leads us to believe that we have made our own environment and no longer depend on the one provided by nature. In the eager seach for the benefits of modern science and technology we have come to believe in a nearly fatal illusion: that through our machines we have at last escaped from dependence on the natural environment.
A major setep in the history of nature preservation was the creation of national parks and, later, wilderness areas where human access is restrixted. Some people still believe that leaving nature untouched is the best way to protect it and that human attempts to "fix" nature are dangerous. But today many naturalists believe that if we are to save nature, humans will have to be more actively involved in helping damaged natural areas to recover. The new fields of conservation biology and restoration ecology focus on this idea of helping nature recover.
In the world today, an area of forests larger than a football field disappears each second. Wetlands, grasslands, coral reefs, and other ecosystems are damaged and disappearing. These ecosystems can sometimes grow back slowly by themselves, but to recover their full biodiversity and health, it may take tens of thousands of years. Such a pace may be too slow to save the earth`s essential oxygen-producing jungles and plants, and its range of animals, including ourselves.
Restoring an ecosystem requires a deep knowledge of biology and ecology. Some critics warn that it`s like playing God. But many environmentalists consider restoration a vital act of responsibility . Restoration activities include re-introducing a wide variety of plants and animals in order to recreate damaged ecosystems. Recently, restoration scientists in the US have experimented with re-introduction wolves and bears into areas where they had disappeared. Some Japanese support the re-introduction of wolves in Hokkaido, although this is opposed by many.
Restoration also involves removing unwanted non-native, "invader" plant species. It also includes the appropriate trimming of trees and forests to help them become more natural and productive. In some countries, it includes starting controlled fires in forests to reduce fire-causing plants. We now realize that fire is sometimes a necessary part of nature`s way of managing ecosystems. In Japan, the naturalist C.W. Nicol has been working on a project to restore damaged woodlands in Nagano Prefecture. Restored ecosystems are not only more attractive to look at, they also contribute to water and air quality and help reduce global warming.
@The first survey of life in deep waters around Antarctica has turned up hundreds of new species and a lot more variety than explorers had expected.
AA team of scientists from eight countries sampled bottom dwellers during three cruises in the ocean south of the Atlantic. Some of the researchers offer their "first insights" into these Southern Ocean depths in the May 17 Nature.
BThe new work is the "first systematic and comprehensive study" of biology in the south polar depths, says one of the study leaders, Angelika Brandt of the Zoological Museum in Hamburg, Germany.
CA researcher not on the team, Richard Aronson of Dauphin Island Sea Lab in Alabama, welcomes the work "as a significant step forward .... The last great frontiers in marine biology are the deep sea and Antarctica."
DThe Southern Ocean team spent weeks aboard the German research icebreaker Polarstern in 2002 and 2005. The ship's low center of gravity keeps it stable enough for researchers to work in all but the heaviest seas. "It sits there like a bus," says Brigitte Ebbe of the Senckenberg Research Institute in Bonn, Germany.
EThe team sampled deep-sea life by dropping devices that scooped sediment and its inhabitants from the bottom. It took the scientists 6 to 8 hours to lower the device and then bring up a single scoop. The ship stopped above 40 sampling sites at depths ranging from 774 to 6,348 meters.
FEbbe says researchers often speak of the deep ocean as beginning around 1,000 meters deep, below which there's a largely undiscovered world. In any water that deep, "half the species are new to science," she says.
GThe Southern Ocean offered even more unknowns, the team reports. Of the one hundred or more species of the small crustaceans called ostracods that the team found, some 70 percent are new to science. Of the 674 marine isopods ― little crustaceans related to pill bugs ― 585 are new.
H Life wasn't abundant down there, but it was varied. The survey turned up more new isopod species than had been found in the past century of exploring the entire Antarctic continental shelf, says Brandt.
IThe diversity was indeed a surprise, she adds. Analyses of mollusks and isopods in the Northern Hemisphere have inspired the idea that diversity dwindles the closer a habitat is to the pole. "[So far,] we doubt that," she says.
J"For the first time, we have a huge data set on the Southern Ocean deep-sea diversity," says Sven Thatje of the University of Southampton in England, a polar ecologist not on the team. He says that he looks forward to using the data to test hypotheses about the development of Antarctic marine ecosystems.
K"[For the newfound creatures], the big question that remains is, 'How do they make a living?'" says Ebbe. Deep-sea creatures anywhere typically survive on debris settling from above, what biologists call "marine snow." "[The debris] has usually already been through two or three bodies on the way down, so there's not much nutrition left," she says.
L"The take-home message is that there is no place on this Earth that is not teeming with life," says Ebbe.
月曜テストなのですが、自分の不注意でテスト範囲じゃ無いと思っていたユニットもテスト範囲だったみたいで、 自分で急いで訳したのですが、始めのほう以外がいまいち分かりません。長いのですが宜しくお願いします。 Banks transactions fall into three main categories taking of deposits, lending, and transfer of funds. At present, however, banks are not limited to these areas. They also conduct, for example, securities and insurance businesses. Banks also deal with governments bonds. Banks in Japan underwrite and trade public bonds (e.d., government bonds) but are not permitted to engage in underwriting or trading equities and corporate bonds.
Japanese banks had to make significant changes to their business practices to respond to the enormous number of bad loans remaining after the bubble economy burst. Banks, including large banks, failed and large amounts of public funds were injected into bank capital. These difficulties were new to Japanese banks, however, they recovered gradually from such severe conditions. Bad loans have been decreasing.
Changes in the banking industry occur continuously. As the Internet has become popular among banking customers and consumers’ needs have diversified, new types of banks have emerged. Some banks specialize in payment and settlement services for individual customers. Other banks provide services via the Internet and mobile phones. They become popular already. From now on, too, for business services and practices, banks will change constantly.
同じユニットなのですが、先ほどの文とは一応別物です。 長くて本当に申し訳ないのですがお願いします。 The securities Exchange Law in Japan, which is equivalent to the Glass-Steagall Act in the United States, imposes restrictions on security businesses conducted by banks. Banks may underwrite and trade public bonds such as government bonds, but cannot engage in underwriting and trading equities 1980s. The Financial System Reform Act 1993 made it possible for banks to become involved in securities businesses via securities subsidiaries. Since 1998, banks are permitted to establish holding companies that contain securities subsidiaries. Since the first government bonds were issued in 1965, banks have played a major role in underwriting them. Banking systems in Japan have changed rapidly since that time. Furthermore, freedom from traditional regulation is necessary to provide competitive power by which Japanese banks can overcome the strength of foreign banks. This goal must be supported by alteration of banking systems as well as inner efforts, for example, management systems. Further progress in reforming the banking sector is important to sustain the economic recovery and should be accompanied by an accelerated, broad structural reform program to increase productivity. 必要ないかもしれませんが、Glass-Steagall Act =グラス・スティガール法。銀行業務と証券業務の完全分離を内容とする法律。
Even though my brother and I fight a lot,I had made a sacrifice for him. This was a huge sacrifice,though-my hair and my freedom! "Knock,knock",sounded someone at my door. My brother walked in and gave me a hug. "Thank you",he said. "You're welcome",I replied. "I guess that's what a big sister is for,to be a friend when you need one"
@John F. Kennedy scattered the seeds of the Peace Corps there in 1960. Lyndon Johnson rooted the Great Society there in 1965. George Bush, as part of his “vision thing,” called for a “Good Society” there in 1991 because “We don’t need another ‘Great Society’ with huge and ambitious programs administered by the incumbent few. We need a ‘Good Society,” he told a crowd of sixty-eight thousand, “…built upon the needs of many.” AHere, now, in the shadow of these presidents on a brilliant first day of May, stood Hilary Rodham Clinton, She was a small but authoritative figure in her billowy black gown of academia, elevating “good” to “excellence” for 6,500 students receiving degrees at this colossus of American higher education, the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. “Your excellence is not only about you, but it is about your generation and your country,” she told them. “Excellence is not found in any single moment in our lives. It is not about those who shine always in the sun or those who fail to succeed in the darkness of human error or mistake. It is about who we are what we believe in, what we do with every day of our lives.”
BOverhead, a small plane scudded across the cloudless sky trailing a banner - ‘‘Equal Rights for Unborn First Ladies’’ on one go-round, “College for the Unborn, Too; Impeach Hilary,” on another. The crowd of fifty thousand noticed; Hilary, who will likely go nowhere during her tenure in the White House without criticism from somewhere, appeared unperturbed. Not that dissent much bothered her in any form. Twenty four years earlier when she was the student speaker at her own dissent about a wounded society, a society in which ‘‘the divisions of the Vietnam era and the combustible mix of racism and poverty that exploded in so many of our cities’’ had enraged a generation. C”Going back and reading it now I see the idealism,” she continued, her amplified voice resonating around the huge Michigan stadium. “I see the excitement and I know that at twenty-one I was perhaps unable to appreciate the political and social restraint that one faces in the world. But I’m glad I felt like that when I was twenty-one, and I have always tried to keep those feelings with me. I want to be idealistic, I want to care about the world, I want to be connected to other people.”
DIdealism and restraint. A deep belief in the need to reform the system yet a reverence for the rules of that system, rules that impeded reform. The dichotomy of Hillary Clinton was on display that afternoon as clearly as any time since she had first swept into the national consciousness not much more than a year before and since she had remade the job of First Lady starting 102 days earlier. EAmid the cheers, Hillary, The Pragmatist, was also reminding young listeners that while the Cold War was over and minorities and women had greater rights than when she was their age, “society was too often coming apart instead of coming together.” New problems demanded the “right balance” equalizing rights with responsibility and learning “what you are willing to stand for and stand against.” It wasn’t enough to promote the common good and provide each other with certain rights and opportunities it people weren’t “responsible to themselves for themselves and on behalf of their families.”
◆I am a tern. I was born during the season of the warming of the seas, when the light of each day stretches into the evening. My home was the forever sky above that blue-green sea. I spent most of my waking hours flying above the ocean, waiting for fish to appear in the water below. It was a good life. I had always lived that way. However, one day this all changed . I stopped being able to fly. I began to check myself for broken parts. I checked my wings, feathers, feet, and tail not once, but twice and more. I seemed to be alright. I could find nothing broken nor missing. Then I thought that what was broken must be on the inside. My friends looked at me with curiosity, and they would ask why I wasn’t flying. Instead of telling them the truth − about which I was completely uncertain − I told them I was enjoying beach adventures finding fine food hidden on the beach.
◆During this time in my life I watched the skies at night. Stars became my friends. One particular star I had met was hanging in the northeastern of the sky. It began to fall, and then stopped short, began again and stopped short once again. I asked it, “Why are you so fickle, Star?” “Fickle? That’s the way I am. It is my job to check on the other stars,” answered the star. “What is the reason for checking on the stars?” “Reason? I suppose it is to be a star, live like a star, and carry out the duties of a star. All things have a purpose.” “Birds too?” I asked. “Oh yes. A bird’s purpose is to be a bird.” After saying that, the star disappeared into the dark night.
◆Winter and spring passed. I listened by day and by night to the waves breaking against the sand. I never gave up the hope that I would some day fly again, even thought I lived on land. One day I saw a pretty flower growing in the sand. It was a nice flower. I kept watching it day in and day out. It was all one color, a monochrome. I could not see any variation in its color. But one day it occurred to me that within the seeming monochrome there were many other colors. I then started to recognize that there was more to it than I had expected. I began to collect many things to watch on the beach. Time passed slowly. I began to with for a friend that the crab I had helped when he was attacked by a gull. We became friends and began to talk. I told him my sorrow at not being able to fly. “You have not lost the ability to fly: you have only misplaced it,” he simply said.
◆“How is that?” I asked. “Losing a thing means it is lost and gone. Misplacing it is quite different. The thing you have misplaced is somewhere. Finding it means seeing it. You just have not been recognizing it.” “Like what?” “Like the things you have been collecting.” After parting from the crab, I kept myself busy each day, studying, collecting, studying more, and taking notice of things. Perhaps the crab had intended to help me discover the difference between wasting time and learning from time. Several days later when I was looking at my shadow on the beach one afternoon, I noticed that the crab had appeared. He watched me for a while and raised his right claw, as if waving at me. In response, quite naturally, without really thinking, I raised my wings to wave back. They caught the wind and I glided up into the air. I glided over the sea, watching the white water of the waves. I had returned to the sky.
He reaches down and raises an ashtray and puts ash from the cigarette in it. Schatze: So far as I could tell―underneath his costume. Hanley sets the ashtray down, turns. Hanley: Well. They love them, don`t they? Schatze: Drooling, all four of them. Hanley sits on the foot of the bed. Hanley: And who is your young man? Schatze: What young man? Hanley: The one you`re in love with. Schatze: Who said I was in love with a young man? Hanley: I did. Schatze: Well―(sighs)It`s sin and a shame but I guess I`ve got to admit it. I am. Hanley: Who is he? Schatze: What does that matter? Hanley: (laughs) Well, Idon`t think its unnatural that I should have some curiosity. Schatze: He`s nothing―absolutely nothing― She takes the ashtray, sets it down on the bed for Hanley. Schatze: ...a character straight from characterville.
Gawker has called us the creative classes. But I don't think pill-popping is confined to just the artsy types. Dash Snow comes to mind. But it's rampant in CEO culture, with the wealthy, with those that have access and want to try new things. After all, pills are expensive, so pill-popping is for the rich.
Our culture pushes us to try the newest latest shinny object, weather it be tech, clothing, accessory or drug. Then again, aren't they all sort of the same thing.
It is almost unbelievable how sucbessful hello kitty is. After all,she is just a small white cat with an enormous head and little button eyes. But hello kittys special appeal has made 50 billion yen for her owner,the japanese company sanrio. That means she is even richer than madonna or britney spears.
Although hello kitty is made by a japanese company,she has become an international cult phenomenon. In tokyo,a hello kitty theme park at puroland draws thousands of visitors,and a cartoon series increases her fame.she also appears in hundreds of sanrio shops and outlets around the world.
Hello kitty is particularly popular with women in their 20s and 30s. What makes them love the prodact so much? Vicky schweiss(26)from toronto,canada,is a typical hello kitty fan, ''says vicky.''i carry a hello kitty cell phone,shopping bag and purse all the time. And my hello kitty quilt , bathroom rug and cushions give my home a cozy atmosphere.''
The sanrio superstore in new york's times square carries over 12000 hello kitty products,including CD players,guitars,coffee makers,and even a wristwatch with diamonds. Amazingly the company arings out 100 new items every month. Once or twice a year,vicrstore for a spending spree. ''everything in the store tempts me. i'll spend a day in there looking around and talking to other hello kitty fans.''
Meeting the crop demands projected for 2025, when the planet's population is expected to reach eight billion, could require an additional 192 cubic miles of water-a volume nearly equivalent to the annual flow of the Nile 10 times over.
いつもお世話になっております。長い文ですが和訳をお願いしたいです。 At the same time, the Sherif announced the Arab revolt by poking his rifle out of the window of his house in Mecca and firing on the Turkish barracks there. Britain immediately decided to support this uprising against the Turks. But it was important to know which member of the Hussein family would make the best military leader, so Lawrence went down to Arabia from Cairo to meet Hussein and his sons and decide which one was best. He found that Hussein was too old, Abdullah too clever, and he was not impressed with Ail . So he went on a camel into the desert, and there he met Feisal.
続きです Feisal wore the usual Arab clothes, but of the finest quality. He had a small diamond ring on his little finger, and a magnificent gold dagger with a curved end, which he wore on a belt around his waist.
The dagger was worn in front, so that people could see it and so that Feisal could draw it quickly without his robes getting in the way. Feisal told Lawrence that the revolt against the Turks was not going well. The Arabs did not know enough about waging war. The Turkish soldiers were well trained and disciplined, used to holding their ground when attacked, and always did what their officers told them. とても長い文ですがどなたかよろしくお願いします。
どうか和訳の方、お願いいたします。 〜1〜 Smith stopped forcing Seabiscuit to run and just let him discover the pleasure of running. With long, careful traning, Seabiscuit began to settle down and his normal competitive instincts slowly returned. The team began to win, and soon people in the US, who were living in the Depression, got interested in Seabiscuit. They saw their own hopes in Seabiscuit. At that time, there was another great horse named War Admiral. War Admiral was born famous, and won race after race with his great speed. Soon, everyone in racing knew that Seabiscuit and War Admiral had to meet. Sports writers and horse race fans began calling for the match. At last, the big day came. Just before the race, Pollard was bably hurt in another race. Woolf, who was Pollard's best friend since childhood, rode Seabiscuit in place of Pollard. Before the race, Woolf asked Pollard, "How should I ride the race?" Pollard said, "If I rode, I would let War Admral challenge Seabiscuit."
〜2〜 At the start,the two horses burst off the line at the same instant. The two horces ran with great speed and went into the homestretch side by side. A jockey named Charley rode on War Admiral. Seabiscuit moved half a length ahead, and War Admiral began to lose ground. Woolf remenbered Pollard's advice and decided to let War Admral get back beside Seabiscuit. With 1,00 meters to go, War Admiral bcaught up to Seabiscuit. In the las 300 meters, the two horces were running at top speed. Woolf called into Seabiscuit's ear and asked him for everything he had. Seabiscuit gave it to him. War Admiral dropped back from Seabiscuit's side. Woolf shouted, "So long, Charley!", which became a common insult in horse racing. Seabiscuit crossed the finish line to the greatest cheering racing had ever heard. "If I had not taken Pollard's advice, we couldn't have won," saido Woolf, "I wish Pollard had been on Seabiscuit instead of me." "Sure." said Smith,"but I felt as if Pollard were riding along with you." Seabiscuit was later named Horse of the Year. However, their dream to wit the Santa Anita Handicap had not yet come true.
〜3〜When Pollard left the hospital after his accident, his doctor warned him never to race again. There seemed no chance for Pollard to return to racing. Howard thought sadly, "If Pollard rides another race, he may never walk again." Pollard, however, thought, "If I cannot ride again, my life will have no meaning." He began to train. Then, at a race back on the West Coast, Seabiscuit's leg was badly injured. Now it seemed that Seabiscuit also could never race again. But Howard never gave up. Howard and Smith thought only about Seabiscuit's return. They saw that he made surprising progress, and that he himself seemed to want to race again. At last, he seemed to be back to his normal speed and power. They decided that Seabiscuit would race in the Santa Anita Handicap,but Howard wondered who the jockey should be. Pollard's strong will to ride again made Howard and Smith decide to leave everything to him. In the Santa Anita Handicap, Pollard and Seabiscuit gave everything to the race, and they came in first. Their dream had come true, at last! After winning the Santa Anita Handicap, Seabiscuit retired from racing. The horse and the three men carried on with their own lives. They had all lived a story of three men and a horse that nobody cared about. They all met many troubles yet never gave up.
At present, most farmers irrigate their crops by flooding their fields or channeling the water down parallel furrows, relying on gravity to move the water across the land.
The oldest bird Britain is a blue and gold macaw called Charlie, who is 104 years old. Charlie was born at the end of the 19th century and has lived long enough to have had several different and interesting owners.
Her most famous owner was Winston Churchill, who bought the macaw in 1937. He kept her as a pet when he was Britain's prime minister during the Second World War. It was Churchill who named her Charlie, even thought she is not a male macaw. He was devoted to her and she went everywhere with him, perched on his shoulder. Unfortunately,Churchill thought it was funny to teach her some rather bad swear words.
When Churchill passed away in 1965, Charlie was sold to a new owner, Peter Oram. In the beginning, Peter kept her in his pet shop in the south of England. However, he soon had to take Charlie home as she kept swearing at his customers. Peter was too embarrassed to let the rude bird stay in the shop.
Charlie is happy to live at Peter's home. Her feathers are specially clipped to stop her from flying away. She spends most of her day hopping around the trees in the garden. ''She doesn't swear as much as she used to,'' laughs Sylvia, Peter's daughter. ''I grew up with Charlie and so did my children. She's getting on a bit, but we are all very attached to her.'' 明日試験なのでどうかお願いします