[3] His father came home late in the afternoon. The boy heard the firm clap of the closing door and his father's long step down the hall. He leaned against his father's knee while the man ate his dinner. T he meal had been kept warm in the oven and the plate was very hot. A small steam was rising from the potatoes, and the gravy had dried to a thin crust where it was shallow at the side of the plate. The man lifted the dry gravy with his knife and fed it to his son, very carefully lifting it into the boy's mouth, as if he were feeding a small bird. The boy loved this. He loved the hot savor of his father's dinner, the way his father cut away small delicacies for him and fed them to him slowly. He leaned drowsily against his father's leg. Afterwards he put on his cap and stood before his father, certain of the man's approval. The man put his hand on the boy's head and looked at him without smiling. "On Sunday;" he said, "we'll go for a walk. Just you and I. We'll be men together. "
[4] Although it was late in September, the sun was warm and the paths dry. The man and his boy walked beside the disused canal and powdery white dust covered their shoes. The boy thought of the days before he had been born, when the canal had been busy. He thought of the long boats pulled by solid horses, gliding through the water. In his head he listened to the hushed, wet noises they would have made, the soft waves slapping the banks, and green tench looking up as the barges moved above them, their water suddenly darkened. His grandfather had told him about that. But now the channel was filled with mud and tall reeds. Bulrush and watergrass grew in the damp passages. He borrowed his father's walking stick and knocked the heads off a company of seeding dandelions, watching the tiny parachutes carry away their minute dark burdens. "There they go," he said to himself. "There they go, sailing away to China." "Come on," said his father, "or we'll never reach Fletcher's Woods." The boy hurried after his father. He had never been to Fletcher's Woods. Once his father had heard a nightingale there. It had been in the summer, long ago, and his father had gone with his friends, to hear the singing bird. They had stood under a tree and listened. Then the moon went down and his father, stumbling home, had fallen into a blackberry bush. "Will there be blackberries?" he asked. "There should be," his father said. "I'll pick some for you."
In Fletcher's Woods there was shade beneath the trees, and sunlight, thrown in yellow patches on to the grass, seemed to grow out of the ground rather than come from the sky. The boy stepped from sunlight to sunlight, in and out of shadow. His father showed him a tangle of bramble, hard with thorns, its leaves just beginning to color into autumn, its long runners dry and brittle on the grass. Clusters of purple fruit hung in the branches. His father reached up and chose a blackberry for him. Its skin was plump and shining, each of its purple globes held a point of reflected light. "You can eat it," his father said. The boy put the blackberry in his mouth. He rolled it with his tongue, feeling its irregularity, and crushed it against the roof of his mouth. Released juice, sweet and warm as summer, ran down his throat, hard seeds cracked between his teeth. When he laughed his father saw that his mouth was deeply stained. Together they picked and ate the dark berries, until their lips were purple and their hands marked and scratched. "We should take some for your mother," the man said. He reached with his stick and pulled down high canes where the choicest berries grew, picking them to take home. They had nothing to carry them in, so the boy put his new cap on the grass and they filled its hollow with berries. He held the cap by its edges and they went home.
[5] "It was a stupid thing to do," his mother said, "utterly stupid. What were you thinking of?" The young man did not answer. "If we had the money, it would be different," his mother said, "Where do you think the money comes from ?" "I know where the money comes from," his father said. "I work hard enough for it." "His new cap," his mother said. "How am I to get him another ?" The cap lay on the table and by standing on tiptoe the boy could see it. Inside it was wet with the sticky juice of blackberries. Small pieces of blackberry skins were stuck to it. The stains were dark and irregular. "It will probably dry out all right," his father said. His mother's face was red and distorted, her voice shrill. "If you had anything like a job," she shouted, " and could buy caps by the dozen, then-" She stopped and shook her head. His father turned away his mouth hard. "I do what I can," he said. "That's not much !" his mother said. She was tight with scorn. "You don't do much!" Appalled, the child watched the quarrel mount and spread. He began to cry quietly, to himself, knowing that it was a different weeping to any he had experienced before, that he was crying for a different pain. And the child began to understand that they were different people; his father, his mother, himself, and that he must learn sometimes to be alone.
前スレの>>958 14行目の所がto avoid personal confrontation, do a great deal more beating around the verbal bush than we do and usually try to avoid the "frankly speaking" となり、17行目のor以下が or illustration, rather than sharp, clear statements. But there is nothing〜〜 となる。
>>958の修正版 Certainly the Japanese, with their suspicion of verbal skills, their confidence in nonverbal understanding, their desire for consensus decisions, and their eagerness to avoid personal confrontation, do a great deal more beating around the verbal bush than we do and usually try to avoid the "frankly speaking" approach so dear to Americans. They prefer in their writing as well as their talk a loose structure of argument, rather than careful logical reasoning, and suggestion or illustration, rather than sharp, clear statements. But there is nothing about the Japanese language which prevents concise, clear, and logical presentation, if that is what one wishes to make. The Japanese language itself is fully up to the demands of modern life.
UNICORNU Lesson1Cの訳おねがいします What has been most difficult for you? The most difficult thing for me was to adjust my standards to their standard. Take sewing,for instance.Iusually measure every part of a dress-such as the sleeve length-for a perfect fit,but most women in Mali don't care if the sleeves fit perfectly or not. Could you tell us something you've lerned through your activities in Mali? I've learned to intteract with everyone in an honest manner.When I have to scold someone,I often shout at them,but on sad occasions,I cry with them,and on happy occasions,I share great joy with them. You've had a lot of unique experiences.Would you like to say something to Japanese high school students? Please don't believe you live in the center of the world.Learn a lot about different countries.Then,you'll be able to understand Japan and other countries much better.Lastly,I would like to say it's important that you always have a dream to follow.
This week "Our Amazing World" reports on the world's great inventions. Ricard Freedman joins us from New York. Over to you, Richard.
Humans first appeared on earth four million years ago. Since then, we have invented lots of things. As a result, our lives have become much easier and happier. Some inventions are simple, like cups and pencils. Others are not that simple, like telephones and radios. And still others are very complex and beyond the imagination of people who lived a hundred years ago: computer games, car navigation system, digital cameras. These inventions have become part of our daily life, and we do not usually think about them. Recently, however, a New York writer did think about inventions. He lived over one hundred well-known people to answer the question: "What is the most important invention of the past?" Some of their answers may surprise you.
Once the meal was over, he quickly stood up, and said that he must be on his way. said that he must be on his way. “Now, look here,” Jane said, and she looked at me for support. “It's still pouring out there. Your clothes are all wet, and you must be cold. I'm sure you're tired, too; you must have driven far today. Stay with us tonight. Tomorrow you can start out warm and dry and rested.” He protested again, but finally agreed to stay the night. Jane put out his clothes to dry by the fire. The next morning she ironed them and served him a nice breakfast. He enjoyed the meal. It seemed he was more relaxed that morning, not so nervous as he had been. He thanked us again before he left. 宜しくお願いします。
”Riley” I love animals, so my dream is to help them. I come from a small town in Western Australia. There is a national park near my town, and it has a lot of beautiful wildlife. We can see a variety of birds and animals there. Around my town I am known for taking in sick birds and nursing them back to health. I get great pleasure from releasing a bird after it gets well. As a true nature lover and protector, I want to work with animals as a vet in the future.
”Ines” I am from Nuremberg. Nuremberg is a national leader in the field of medicine and health. Medicine interests me a lot. So one of my dreams is to become a doctor. I think you cannot have too many doctor in the world. As another dream for the future, I can imagine opening a hotel. In addition to German, I also speak Spanish because my mother is from Spain. I want to learn even more languages. I also like to meet people from different parts of the world. I think I can do both if I open a hotel.
続きです ”Daniel” I have two dreams. One of them is realistic, and the other is not. My realistic dream is to become a lawyer and make money. With the money, I want to travel around the world and maybe open a Brazilian restaurant in some foreign city. The other dream is to become president of Brazil and lead it to a brighter future. This may be a childish dream, but I love my country and want to do something for it. I really want Brazil to be more successful in the future.
”David” I am Korean American. My parents came to the United States thirty years ago, and I was born in Los Angeles, California. Perhaps since I am an Asian American and I am living in Japan now, I am thinking of studying the Japanese language and culture further. If possible, I would like to become a translator for the U.S. Government or the United Nations. Another dream of mine is visiting a lot of countries. Right now I would like to visit Europe, Africa, South America, and other parts of Asia. Living in Japan has opened up my mind to different cultures.
I love animals, so my dream is to help them. 私は動物が大好きなので、私の夢は彼らを助けることです。 I come from a small town in Western Australia. 私は西オーストラリアの小さな街から来ました。 There is a national park near my town, 私の街の近くには自然公園があって、 and it has a lot of beautiful wildlife. そこには沢山の美しい野生生物が居ます。 We can see a variety of birds and animals there. 私たちは鳥や動物の多様性をそこで見ることが出来ます。 Around my town I am known for taking in sick birds and nursing them back to health. 私の街の辺りでは、私は病気の鳥の世話をして健康に戻るよう鳥たちを看病することで知られています。 I get great pleasure from releasing a bird after it gets well. 鳥が良くなった後、それを放すことで私は大きな喜びを得ます。 As a true nature lover and protector, ひとりの本当の自然愛好者・保護者として、 I want to work with animals as a vet in the future. 私は未来におけるひとつの調査として動物たちと一緒に働きたい。
Time went by, but we never saw the young man again. Jane and I lived peacefully and quietly, surrounded by the beautiful countryside in the Greenbriar Valley. Just the other day I got a letter from Chicago. “Now who in the world can be writing to me from Chicago?” I wondered. I opened it and read:
Dear Mr. McDonald: You probably do not remember the young man you helped years ago, when his car broke down. You see, I was running away that night. I had in my car a very large amount of money, which I had stolen from my employer. But you and your wife were so nice to me. That night in your home, I began to see that I had made a terrible mistake. Before morning, I made a decision. The next day, I turned back. I went back to my employer and told him what had happened. I gave back all the money and apologized to him. He didn't fire me or tell the police. He forgave me. I got married and now have two fine children. And I now have a very good job with my company. I thought about giving you a lot of money to thank you for what you did for me that night. But I do not believe that is what you would want. So I have set up a fund to help others who have made the same mistake as I did. In this way, I hope I may pay for what I have done. God be with you and your good wife, who helped me more than you knew.
Even more exceptional is the reversal of roles where the woman goes out to work while the man remains at home. For a few couples, this is a matter of choice but recently others have had to accept this reversal of roles in cases where the man has lost his job and his wife has to work to support the family.
"I've done it," shouted Dr. F. in his small laboratory."I've finally finished my great invention." The sound of his voice brought in the man next door. "What is it, your invention?It looks like a pillow to me." In both size and shape the object on the doctor's desk did, indeed, look like a pillow. "It's certainly something to rest your head on when you go to sleep.But it's not just a pillow," the doctor replied.He opened it and pointed. Inside it was full of batteries and electrical parts. The neighbor stared at it.His eyes were wide open with astonishment. "it looks impressive. You must get wonderful dreams when you use it." "No, there's more to it than that.It's a device that enables you to study while you sleep.Information contained in the pillow is changed into radio waves and sent into your head when you're asleep." "It certainly must be a very useful machine. By the way, what subjects can you study with it?"
"As this is a prototype, you can only use it to learn English. But when I've added a few improvements you'll be able to study anything you like." "How amazing! Any lazy person could master a subject simply by using this pillow when he goes to bed," said the neighbor. "That's right," the doctor said proudly. "Many people are becoming less and less willing to work hard. They're the sort who'll want it. Thanks to them I'll be rich one day." "If it really works, everybody will want one." "Of course it will work." "You mean you haven't tested it yet?" asked the neighbor. "I've been too busy working on it. And I've only just finished it. But come to think of it, as I already speak English, I can't very well test it on myself," said the doctor, looking a little put out. The neighbor leaned forward. "In that case why don't you try it on me? I hate studying and I want to learn English. Please let me test it." "All right then. Dear me, I didn't expect to get a volunteer that quickly." "How long will it take?" "About a month. After that you should be quite good." "Thank you very much." With that the delighted neighbor carried the pillow home. Some two months later he brought the pillow back to Dr. F. with an unhappy look on his face. "I've been using it all this time, but I haven't learned a word of English. I'll have to give up." "That's funny," said the doctor looking inside. "Nothing seems to be broken. I wonder if I've made a mistake somewhere." It wouldn't be much of an invention if it didn't work. Could the invention on which he had worked so hard really be worthless? Some time later the doctor saw his neighbor's daughter in the street. "How has your father been lately?" he called to her. "All right, thank you. But there's something strange about him. He's taken to talking in English in his sleep. He never did it before. I wonder what has happened."
MILE STONE3-2和訳お願いします。 Noguchi was not satisfied only with fulfilling his dream. His next challenge was very special and was not what people might think: It was to clean up Mt.Everest! During his first attempt, he had seen a huge amount of garbage left along the way to the top. He was really shocked to see how the highest mountain in the world was becoming a dumping ground. He was even more shocked to see that much of the garbage had been left by Asian expeditions. He felt very embarrassed when a Western climber said that Japanese climbers had poor manners. After finally succeeding in climbing Mt.Everest on his third attempt, Noguchi announced that he would organize a cleanup expedition in the spring of 2000. On March 22, when he was to leave Japan on the expedition, he wrote on his website: "I am returning to the world's highest mountain a year after my successful attempt. But this time I am not climbing for the summit. I'll devote all my energies to the cleanup activity." @After climbing Mt.everest, what was Noguchi's next challenge? Awhat did Noguchi see during his first attempt to climb Mt.Everest? BWhy did Noguchi feel very embarrassed?
What if you dropped a rock down a hole through the Earth? Imagine dropping a rock through an imaginary hole through the Earth. The rock would fall faster and faster down the hole.
Why? Think of gravity as something like the pull of a rubber band.
タイトルとはちょっと違って申し訳ないのですが、どなたか「三友」という出版会社の 「NEW WORLD ENGLISH COURSE」という教科書で、英T教科書P4〜5の 「授業-こんなとき,こんな言い方」とP14〜15の「Lesson1 Dear Friends」 の全文がわかる方いらっしゃいませんでしょうか?
@ The sun was just coming up.I was in my sleeping bag, still half-sleep. Suddenly I heard an animal approaching. I slowly lited my head and looked over my feet. A female lion was coming, her head swinging from side to side. I wanted to wake my wife Delia but I was afraid to move, because we were now on the open fields of the Kalahari. A The lion walked past us and lay down nxet to a big male lion. Delia was wide awake now, and whispered to me,“Mark, look at the scar on his leg. Isn't he the lion we named Bones?” Yes, it was Bones. I had performed surgery on his broken leg a few years before. B I stood up and saw lions sleeping around us, nine in all. We were in bed with a group of wild lions! This happend during our fifth year on the Kalahari. C Delia and I were zoology students who had come to Africa to watch and study wilds animals. After months of searching for the right place, we fond the Central Karahari Game Reserve in Bostswana. We decided it was an ideal place, so in 1974 we set up our base camp there.
@ Much of the Central Kalahari had remained unexplored and unsettled because of the heat and lack of water. There were no villages near our base camp. We had to bring our water across the plains from a small town over 150 kilometers away. In an area larger than Ireland, Delia and I were the only human beings expect for a few groups of native Africans. A The Kalahari was a difficult place for us to live. And it was difficult for the wild animals too. Sometimes they looked friendly, but at other times they fought desperately to survive. By watching their way of living, we felt that we were learning something about the laws of nature. B We also felt that the Kalahari was the homeland of wild animals and plants, and that we were no more than uninvited guests. What was most important for us to do, we learned, was to leave the plains and the wild animals and plants as they were.
@It was to clean up Mt.Everest. AHe saw a huge amount of garbage left along the way to the top of Mt.Everest. BBecause a Western climber said that Japanese climbers had poor manners.
Now let's talk a brief look at the history of Aborigines. In 1988, Australia celebrated 200 years of settlement, but Aborigines had little to celebrate. "Discoverd" around 1700, Aborigines were pushed out of their land, called "saveges," and even killed. Between 1910 and 1971, the government took thousands of Aboriginal children from their families and brought them up in white communities, It was hoped that they would be educated and "civilized." However, this plan ended up only destroying their traditions. The fact that they were cut off from the land meant a lot for them, because the land is where where people's spirit and soul had been grounded. Archie Roach, a popular Aboriginal musician, sings about the pain of this "Stolen Generation" :
The sun is round, the moon is round - your life journey goes round in a circle too. But, if the circle is broken, then you don't know which way to go. You're drifting in space, you're nowhere.
In recent years there has been a movement to bring Aborigines and other Australians together. Since the 1970s large areas of land have been returned to Aboriginal control. Ululu, or Ayers Rocks, is an example. As more Australians come to learn and appreciate Aboriginal culture, they want to compersate and appreciate for what happened in the past. Aboriginal art can be seen as a way to overcome pain and discrimination and express the meaning of life. It is an art of life.
Increasingly,over the past ten years,people have become aware of the need to change their eating habits,because much of the food they eat,particularly processed foods,is not good for the health. Consequently,there has been a growing interest in natural foods,which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers,which are widely used in farming today. Natural foods,for example,are vegetables,fruits and grains which have been grown in soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter,which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers,the main purpose of which is to increase the amount of foods grown in commercial farming areas. Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry:there are battery farms,for example,where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better then rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food,but they also produce eggs whichlack important vitamins. お願いします
訳お願いします<(_ _)> The saying Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise, which has been attributed to Benjamin Franklin, American statesman and all-around genius, has greatly strengthened the superstitious belief that sleep is more restful before midnight. About the same time, Henry Fielding, an 18th century English novelist, made famous the expression that An hour of sleep before midnight is worth two hours thereafter. Another famous Englishman, King Alfred the Great, of the ninth century, had this to say about sleep: Eight hours for work, eight hours for play, and eight hours for sleep. That it is better to go to bed before midnight has not been verified by science. Sleep, on the whole, differs according to individual idiosyncrasies and needs. For instance, persons who live in cool climates need less sleep than those in warmer regions. There are reasons to believe that the first two hours of sleep are probably the soundest, no matter what the time of night; and that the last hour, just before waking, is the least restful. The only advantage in going to bed before midnight is that one is apt to get more hours of rest by so doing. But it is not always the time spent in bed that means the greatest rest. It is better to have six hours of high quality sleep, than eight hours of restless tossing. Regularity of hours contributes to a feeling of well- being when awake; the body, like most things in nature, responds to a natural rhythm.
The phone rang at the emergency center. The operator answered, “911. What is your emergency?” The caller said, “A traffic accident just occurred right in front of my house. The drivers are badly injured. They need an ambulance.” “What is your address?” “56 Park Place. My name is Robinson, Dr. Robinson. I work at General Hospital...” Whill the caller was speaking, the operator typed the information into a computer. Several minutes later, the ambulance arrived and the injured drivers were taken to a hospital. Later a police officer came to the house of Dr. Robinson. When he rang the door bell, a young girl appeared. The police officer asked, “Is this Dr. Robinson’s house?” The girl nodded. “Is your father in?” The girl said, “He’s away on a business trip in Los Angeles. He won’t come back till this weekend.” The police officer was puzzled and stood wondering why for a moment. Who was it that had called the emergency center? 宜しくお願いします。
He smiled and joked with them to make things feel easier. Then Pepe explained that some of the eggs must be left in order to have eggs in the future. Whether they understood what Pepe said or not,they handed twelve eggs back to him. わからないとこがあったので、和訳お願いします。
We've explored every part of the earth. We've landed humans on the moon,and sent space probes to other planets. So what's left for humans to explore? How about the oceans? We may believe that we have already explored the sea. But in fact,we know more about Mars than we know about the deep sea. Indeed,twelve people have walked on the moon,while only two have been to the bottom of Challenger Deep──one of the deepest points on the earth. The sea has great potential for the happiness of humans. For example,there are a lot of valuable minerals in the sea. The study of fish and plants in the deep sea could lead to the development of wonderful new medicines.
During a lesson given to a class of thirty primary school children, the subject of birthdays came up. One of the children said, "Sally and I have the same birthday." This was very special for them both and exciting to the rest of the class. At first it may appear odd, but actually this is not at all unusual. If you go into any class, you will often find at least two children with the same birthday. To most people this might seem an unlikely coincidence. Some might even feel as if they were being fooled. After all, there are 365days in the year, so you might expect that you need a classroom with about 180 children in it before there is a fifty-fifty chance that there will be a coincidence of birthdays. However, this is not the case. Surprisingly, you only need twenty-three children in a class for there to be more than a fifty-fifty chance that two of them have the same birthday. By nature, birthdays are not spread evenly across the year. So if classes have only twenty children each, you will probably still find that there is a birthday coincidence in half of the classes.
訳お願いします Today I stood in line for seventeen minutes to cash a check for seventy-five dollars. I'd given this company, a bank, all my money to keep for me until I needed it, and today, when I needed some of it, took me that long to get it back. This is a good example of the kind of things that makes so many of us smile when we read that banks are having a hard time. We're glad. It fills us with pleasure to read about their troubles. They've made us wait so often over the years that nothing bad that happens to a bank makes us do anything but laugh. You deserve it, bank. That's what we think. Waiting is one of the least amusing things to do. Short waits are worse than long waits. If you know you're going to have to wait for four hours or six months, you can plan your time and use it and still have the pleasure of anticipating what you're waiting for. If it's a short wait of undetermined length, it's a terrible waste of time. Impatience is a virtue, that's what I think. Shifting from one foot to the other and tapping your fingers on something and geetting mad while you stand there is the only way to behave while you're waiting. There's no sense in being patient with people who make you wait, because they'll only make you wait longer the next time. The thing to do is blow up - hit the roof when they finally show up. Some people seem to think they were born to get there when they're ready, while you wait. Banks are not the only big offenders in the waiting game. doctors are too. some doctors assume their time si so much more important than anyone else's that all the rest of us ought to wait for them, patiently, of course.
The year 1963 was the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation. It was truly a great year in American history and in the life of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Despite opposition from the governors of Alabama and Mississippi, the president of the United States, John F. Kennedy, authorized federal marshals to help a few black students to enter at the University of Mississippi and the University of Alabama. "Bull" Connor, the head of the police department in Birmingham, Alabama, ordered his officers to turn fire hoses and police dogs on young demonstrators; as television cameras captured this horrible scene, the nation gasped in disbelief and revulsion. Medgar Evers, a thirty- seven-year-old NAACP field secretary in Jackson, Mississippi, was murdered on his front porch on June 12. Riots occurred throughout the summer. The nation stood on the brink of racial civil war. It needed a prophet who could help see through the smoke left by gunpowder and bombs.
Martin Luther King, Jr., who published Why We Can't Wait at this time, was the prophet of the hour. Although many of the phrases and themes that appear in "I Have a Dream" had often been repeated by Dr. King, this is his most well-known speech. He delivered it before the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1963, as the keynote address of the March on Washington, D. C., for Civil Rights. Television cameras allowed the entire nation to hear and see him call for justice and freedom. Mrs. Coretta King once said, "At that moment it seemed as if the Kingdom of God appeared. But it only lasted for a moment." I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.
But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free; one hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination; one hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity; one hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself in exile in his own land.
Dr: And here is a solution which requires cutting the puzzle into pieces and putting it together in a different way,and again using only one line. Ken: It’s amazing how people can come up with such an idea. Dr: Another person came up with this solution: put the paper on the surface of the Earth. Go around the Erath,moving a little each time so as to pass through the next row on each circle. Ken: Really ingenious! Dr: This is creativity: learning to avoid needless requirements thinking outside the box. Here is my favorith solution. It’s form an elementary school girl.
Dear Dr.Adums.
My dad and I were doing dot puzzles from your book. My dad said a man found a way to do it with one line. I tired and I did it too. Not by folding, but I used one fat line. It doesn’t say you can't use a fat line. Like this.
Ken: Let's go back to the point at which we started our interview. What does all this suggest about creativity? Dr: In order to be creative, it is important to avoid mental blocks, to learn to think outside the box. The more brobadly the problem can be started, the more room you have for a creative solution. Ken: Could you give me an example? Dr: Suppose that you are asked to make a better door. What kind of door do you think of? Most likely, you will think of a rectangular piece of wood. That's what a door is in your mental box. Instead of thinking of a door, think of finding a better way to walk through a wall. With this new problem statement, you can come up with different solutions: curtain like those used to keep heat in stores or out of freezers. Ken: So you're saying a problem statement which is too narrow limits creativity? Dr: Exactly. A better solution might come from removing nneedless requirements. The question is whether you can think outside the box or not. Ken: Thank you, Dr.Adams. Talking with you about creativity has been most interesting. Thank you very much.
Ken:Let's go back to the point at which we started our interview. 面接を開始したところまで戻ろう。 What does all this suggest about creativity? このことが創造性について示唆していることは? Dr: In order to be creative, it is important to avoid mental blocks, to learn to think outside the box. 創造的になるためには、重要なのは心理的な壁を避けようと、箱の外で考えるようになることだ。 The more brobadly the problem can be started, the more room you have for a creative solution. 問題の開始がbrobadlyであればあるほど(brobadly って何?)、創造的な解決法のための余裕がある。 Ken: Could you give me an example? 例を示してもらえませんでしょうか? Dr: Suppose that you are asked to make a better door. 良いドアをつくることを考えてみよう。 What kind of door do you think of? Most likely, you will think of a rectangular piece of wood. どんな種類のドアを考え付くだろうか?たいていは、木製の四角形を考えるだろう。 That's what a door is in your mental box. Instead of thinking of a door, think of finding a better way to walk through a wall. それこそが君の心の枠組みの中のドアの姿だよ。ドアを考えるのではなく、壁を通り抜けるのに良い方法を見つけることを考えよう。 With this new problem statement, you can come up with different solutions: curtain like those used to keep heat in stores or out of freezers. このように問題の新しい状態を考えることをして様々な解決方法にたどり着くことができる。かつて店舗の中や冷凍庫の外で熱を保つのに使われているようなカーテンだ。
Ken: So you're saying a problem statement which is too narrow limits creativity? では、問題の状態はあまりにも狭く限定された創造性だと言うのですか? Dr: Exactly. A better solution might come from removing nneedless requirements. そのとおり。より良い解決策は必要のない要求を取り去ることから生まれるといってよい。 The question is whether you can think outside the box or not. 問題は君が枠組みの外で考えることができるかどうかだ。 Ken: Thank you, Dr.Adams. Talking with you about creativity has been most interesting. Thank you very much. どうもありがとうございました。あなたと創造性についてお話ができたことは、大変興味深いことです。本当にありがとうございました。
>>96 Lesson4-3 Dr. Adams: And here is a solution which requires cutting the puzzle into pieces and putting it together in a different way, and again using only one line. そして、パズルをばらばらに切り分けてから別の方法で一緒にし、そして1本の線を使う必要がある解決法がある。 Ken: It's amazing how people can come up with such an idea. よく人はこんなアイデアを思いつくものですねぇ。 Dr. Adams: Another person came up with this solution: こういう解答を考えた人もいる。 put the paper on the surface on the Earth. 紙を地球の表面に置く。 Go around the Earth, moving a little each time so as to pass through the next row on earth circle. 地球の円周上で次の列を通るように、少しずつ動かしながら地球を一回りする。 Ken: Really ingenious! 本当にすごいですね! Dr. Adams: This is creativity: learning to avoid needless requirements, thinking outside the box. Here is my favorite solution. これが創造性である:無用な要求物を回避することを学ぶことで箱の外で考えることだ。私が好きな解決法がある。 It's from an elementary school girl. これは小学校の女の子からのものだ。 Dear Dr. Adams, 拝啓、アダムス博士 My dad and I were doing dot puzzles from your book. 父と私は貴方の本にある、点のパズルをやっていました。 My dad said a man found a way to do it with one line. 父は1本の線でする方法を見つけた人がいるといいました。 I tried and I did it too. 私も試して、できました。 Not by folding, but I used one fat line. 折らないけど、1本の太い線を使います。 It doesn't say you can't use a fat line. Like this. 貴方(の本)は太い線を使っちゃ駄目とは言っていませんよね。こんな感じです。
>>97 Lesson4-4 Ken: Let's go back to the point at which we started our interview. インタビューを始めた最初のところまで遡ってみましょう。 What does all this suggest about creativity? これらのすべては創造性に関して何を示唆しているのでしょう? Dr. Adams: In order to be creative, it is important to avoid mental blocks, 創造的であるためには、メンタルブロックを避け、 to learn to think outside the box. 箱の外で考えるのを学ぶことが大切だ。 The more broadly the problem can be stated, the more room you have for a creative solution. 大雑把に問題を述べるほど、創造的な解決を持つ余裕がある。 Ken: Could you give me an example? 例を挙げてもらえませんか? Dr. Adams: Suppose that you are asked to make a better door. より良い扉を作るよう言われたと想像してみなさい。 What kind of door do you think of? どんな扉を考えるだろうか? Most likely, you will think of a rectangular piece of wood. たいがいは、長方形の木を考えるだろう。 That’s what a door is in your mental box. このドアはあなたの心の箱の中にあるのだ。 Instead of thinking of a door, think of finding a better way to walk through a wall. ドアを考える代わりに、壁を通り抜ける道を見つけることを考えるのだ。 With this new problem statement, you can come up with different solutions: この新しい問題の記述があれば、異なった解答を考え付ける。
Curtains, elastic diaphragms, mechanical shutters, カーテンや、しなやかな仕切り、機械的シャッターや or even an air curtain like those used to keep heat in stores or out of freezers. エアカーテンでも店の中や冷蔵庫の外を暖かく保てる。 Ken: So you'e saying a problem statement which is too narrow limits creativity? だからあなたは、狭すぎる問題記述は創造性を制限するのだと言っているのですね? Dr. Adams: Exactly. A better solution might come from removing needless requirements. その通り。より良い解決策は必要ない要求の排除によってもたらされることもあるのだ。 The question is whether you can think outside the box or not. 問題は、あなたが箱の外で考えられるかどうかなのだよ。 Ken: Thank you, Dr. Adams. Talking with you about creativity has been most interesting. ありがとうございました、アダムス博士。創造性に関する話はとてもおもしろいものでした。
My six months in Madhu passed quickly, but they were very important to me as they gave true meaning to my life and work.
The work of NGOs like MSF is helping to solve many of the world's problems, but there is so much more to do. It is my hope that many more Japanese will volunteer for such work, go and see the real world, and begin to have a sense of compassion for people who need help. Such volunteers will find that they get as much as they give. In my own case, the experience not only gave direction to my life but also gave me an opportunity to think about what it is to live as a human being.
I plan to join MSF again and continue working with them until MSF is no longer necessary. There are still countless sick and injured people all over the world. Crossing the border takes a lot of courage, but I would like you to follow your own idea of what is right. You might find yourself in the minority, but have confidence in yourself and have the courage to put your beliefs into action.
CROWN English Series[I]のLesson8(p118〜126)の全訳をお願いします。
We can do no great things ― only small things with great love. ―Mother Teresa ―
This prizewinning report on PEANUTS and Charles M. Schulz was written by Michelle and Koji, high school students in Sapporo. It appeared in their school newspaper.
1 Charlie Brown. Lucy. Linus. Snoopy. They have appeared in magazines and newspapers for over half a century. They have hundreds of millions of fans around the world. People who don't know the names of their next-door-neighbor's children know the little "loser" who never stops believing that he can win; the little girl who always gives people advice; the small boy who always has his security blanket with him; and, the best-known of all, the beagle who thinks that he is a fighter pilot or a great writer. They are the main characters in the Peanuts cartoons. Why are these cartoons so popular? Why has Peanuts captured the hearts of people all over the world? Let's look at a few Peanuts cartoons and see if we can find answers to these questions.
2 It is Father's Day and Violet is talking about her father. She tells Charlie Brown that her father is richer than Charlie Brown's dad, and that he is better at sports. Charlie Brown has little to say. He just asks Violet to come with him to his father's barber shop. He tells her that no matter how busy his father is, he always has time to give him a big smile because he likes him. Violet has nothing more to say. She simply walks away. Her father's money and athletic ability cannot compete with a father's simple love for his son. Many Peanuts episodes focus on such heartwarming aspects of family life. Charles M. Schulz, the cartoonist who created Peanuts, put people and incidents from his childhood into his cartoons. And this may be part of the reason why the Peanuts cartoons are so popular among people all over the world.
3 In this cartoon, Linus is excited because the home team has won a football game. Charlie Brown listens quietly and then asks Linus one simple question: "How did the other team feel?" Because Charlie Brown has experienced failure himself, he understands the feelings of other people who fail. He makes us think of other people. In many ways, Charlie Brown himself is a loser. He is not a very good student, and he is not good at sports. The pretty little girl in his class pays no attention to him. In a world where wealth and power are so important, Charlie Brown is a failure. But Charlie Brown never really loses. He never feels sorry for himself. He always hopes for a better day tomorrow and keeps on trying. Perhaps that's what makes a real winner.
4 The Peanuts cartoons are not funny in the ordinary way. We are more likely to smile than to burst out laughing. But somehow they make us feel good. We want to see Charlie Brown and Linus and Snoopy and all the other Peanuts characters again tomorrow in our newspaper. If they are not there, we will miss them as we might miss a friend who has gone away. It is not because our friend always makes us laugh, but because he always makes us feel good about ourselves. Charles M. Schulz seems to suggest that real success in life is not a matter of money, fame, and power. Rather, it is defined by hope, courage, respect for others and, above all, by a sense of humor. He once said, "If I were given the opportunity to present a gift to the next generation, it would be the ability for each individual to learn to laugh at himself."
5 For nearly fifty years, Charles M. Schulz drew Peanuts, day after day, one episode at a time. However, late in 1999, Charles M. Schulz learned that he had cancer and could no longer continue. To say goodbye to his readers, he drew a farewell cartoon and it was to appear some six weeks later. If he had lived one day longer, he would have seen it in print. Sadly, he died the day before the cartoon came out. On February 13, 2000, Peanuts lovers all over the world woke to learn that both the Peanuts characters and their author were no more. We had learned to think of them as our friends, but they were now gone. Charles M. Schulz and Peanuts have helped us face this difficult world with their special type of humor and gentle encouragement to carry on. Though there will be no new Peanuts cartoons, the old ones will be read for years to come. They will keep reminding us that true success lies in sensitivity to others, in small acts of kindness, and in the courage to hope even in the face of great difficulty.
This week "Our Amazing World" reports on the world's great inventions. Ricard Freedman joins us from New York. Over to you, Richard.
Humans first appeared on earth four million years ago. Since then, we have invented lots of things. As a result, our lives have become much easier and happier. Some inventions are simple, like cups and pencils. Others are not that simple, like telephones and radios. And still others are very complex and beyond the imagination of people who lived a hundred years ago: computer games, car navigation system, digital cameras. These inventions have become part of our daily life, and we do not usually think about them. Recently, however, a New York writer did think about inventions. He lived over one hundred well-known people to answer the question: "What is the most important invention of the past?" Some of their answers may surprise you.
【CROWN T Lesson7-1】 Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to our exhibition “Looking Back at the Twentieth Century.” We have collected about three hundred photographs here.They will show you something of the history of the past century. 紳士淑女の皆様!ようこそ20世紀を振り返ってみよう展へ ここにはおおよそ300点を数える写真が展示されてあります 過去の世紀の歴史についての何かを貴方に教えてくれるでしょう。
The twentieth century was an age of great progress in science and communications. People's loves became richer and more comfortable. People achieved greater freedom and equality, and seemed to be closer to the dream of liveing a happy life. But it was also an age of terrible wars, and millions of people like you and me went through in the twentieth century. As you look at them, ask yourself : "How would you feel if these were photos of your own family and friends?" some will shock you, some may make you sad or angry. But they will also give you a message for our future. Before you look at the exhibition, I would like to show you two photographs which are particularly important to us. But it was also an age of terrible wars, and millions of people like you and me went through in the twentieth century. As you look at them, ask yourself : "How would you feel if these were photos of your own family and friends?" some will shock you, some may make you sad or angry. But they will also give you a message for our future. Before you look at the exhibition, I would like to show you two photographs which are particularly important to us.
【CROWN T Lesson7-4】 So photographs tell us a lot. They show us what happened in the past. They sometimes show us things we may not wish to see. The twentieth century was a century of war. There were two world wars, and a cold war, and smaller wars all over the world. A Japanese journalist even called the twentieth century "thirty-six thousand days of suffering." It is perhaps difficult to find any sign of hope in the photos here, but we can if we try. Kim Phuc's story is a good example. With warm support from a great many people, she now enjoys a family life in Canada. She says, "I have to show my son what happened to his mom,to her country, and that there should never be war again." There should never be war again. This is the message we would like the photographs of this exhibition to bring to you today. I would like to leave you with the thought that all this happened not so long ago. Thank you.
【CROWN English Series U Lesson2-3】 Now let's talk a brief look at the history of Aborigines. In 1988, Australia celebrated 200 years of settlement, but Aborigines had little to celebrate. "Discoverd" around 1700, Aborigines were pushed out of their land, called "saveges," and even killed. Between 1910 and 1971, the government took thousands of Aboriginal children from their families and brought them up in white communities, It was hoped that they would be educated and "civilized." However, this plan ended up only destroying their traditions. The fact that they were cut off from the land meant a lot for them, because the land is where where people's spirit and soul had been grounded. Archie Roach, a popular Aboriginal musician, sings about the pain of this "Stolen Generation" :
The sun is round, the moon is round - your life journey goes round in a circle too. But, if the circle is broken, then you don't know which way to go. You're drifting in space, you're nowhere.
In recent years there has been a movement to bring Aborigines and other Australians together. Since the 1970s large areas of land have been returned to Aboriginal control. Ululu, or Ayers Rocks, is an example. As more Australians come to learn and appreciate Aboriginal culture, they want to compersate and appreciate for what happened in the past. Aboriginal art can be seen as a way to overcome pain and discrimination and express the meaning of life. It is an art of life.
【クラウンU Lesson4-3】 Lesson4-3 Dr. Adams: And here is a solution which requires cutting the puzzle into pieces and putting it together in a different way, and again using only one line. そして、パズルをばらばらに切り分けてから別の方法で一緒にし、そして1本の線を使う必要がある解決法がある。 Ken: It's amazing how people can come up with such an idea. よく人はこんなアイデアを思いつくものですねぇ。 Dr. Adams: Another person came up with this solution: こういう解答を考えた人もいる。 put the paper on the surface on the Earth. 紙を地球の表面に置く。 Go around the Earth, moving a little each time so as to pass through the next row on earth circle. 地球の円周上で次の列を通るように、少しずつ動かしながら地球を一回りする。 Ken: Really ingenious! 本当にすごいですね! Dr. Adams: This is creativity: learning to avoid needless requirements, thinking outside the box. Here is my favorite solution. これが創造性である:無用な要求物を回避することを学ぶことで箱の外で考えることだ。私が好きな解決法がある。 It's from an elementary school girl. これは小学校の女の子からのものだ。 Dear Dr. Adams, 拝啓、アダムス博士 My dad and I were doing dot puzzles from your book. 父と私は貴方の本にある、点のパズルをやっていました。 My dad said a man found a way to do it with one line. 父は1本の線でする方法を見つけた人がいるといいました。 I tried and I did it too. 私も試して、できました。 Not by folding, but I used one fat line. 折らないけど、1本の太い線を使います。 It doesn't say you can't use a fat line. Like this. 貴方(の本)は太い線を使っちゃ駄目とは言っていませんよね。こんな感じです。
【クラウンU Lesson4-3】 Ken: Let's go back to the point at which we started our interview. インタビューを始めた最初のところまで遡ってみましょう。 What does all this suggest about creativity? これらのすべては創造性に関して何を示唆しているのでしょう? Dr. Adams: In order to be creative, it is important to avoid mental blocks, 創造的であるためには、メンタルブロックを避け、 to learn to think outside the box. 箱の外で考えるのを学ぶことが大切だ。 The more broadly the problem can be stated, the more room you have for a creative solution. 大雑把に問題を述べるほど、創造的な解決を持つ余裕がある。 Ken: Could you give me an example? 例を挙げてもらえませんか? Dr. Adams: Suppose that you are asked to make a better door. より良い扉を作るよう言われたと想像してみなさい。 What kind of door do you think of? どんな扉を考えるだろうか? Most likely, you will think of a rectangular piece of wood. たいがいは、長方形の木を考えるだろう。 That’s what a door is in your mental box. このドアはあなたの心の箱の中にあるのだ。 Instead of thinking of a door, think of finding a better way to walk through a wall. ドアを考える代わりに、壁を通り抜ける道を見つけることを考えるのだ。 With this new problem statement, you can come up with different solutions: この新しい問題の記述があれば、異なった解答を考え付ける。
Curtains, elastic diaphragms, mechanical shutters, カーテンや、しなやかな仕切り、機械的シャッターや or even an air curtain like those used to keep heat in stores or out of freezers. エアカーテンでも店の中や冷蔵庫の外を暖かく保てる。 Ken: So you'e saying a problem statement which is too narrow limits creativity? だからあなたは、狭すぎる問題記述は創造性を制限するのだと言っているのですね? Dr. Adams: Exactly. A better solution might come from removing needless requirements. その通り。より良い解決策は必要ない要求の排除によってもたらされることもあるのだ。 The question is whether you can think outside the box or not. 問題は、あなたが箱の外で考えられるかどうかなのだよ。 Ken: Thank you, Dr. Adams. Talking with you about creativity has been most interesting. ありがとうございました、アダムス博士。創造性に関する話はとてもおもしろいものでした。
Taro is a high school student visiting England for the summer. Because of his interest in the environment,he visits the Millennium Seed Bank in Sussex. A guide talks about the project. Lesson7-1 How many of you have seen the movie Jurassic Park? It is an about what happens when some scientists bring dexciting movie inosaurs back to life. The dinosaurs have been extinct for millions and millions of years, but they are brought back to life by using their DNA. DNA is a molecule with a code that contains everything needed to built a living thing. Some scientists believe that if you have its DNA, you can make a living thing that has become extinct. But up until now, no one has been able to bring an extinct animal back to life. Jurassic Park is science fiction. What would you think if I told you that living things that have become extinct can be brought back to life? What if I told you that this is not science fiction but science fact? Would you believe me? Look at this plant. Would you believe that this plant was once extinct and that is has been brought back to life? Well, it is true.
Lesson7-2 In 1922 an English scientist discovered an Egyptian king’s tomb in the Valley of the Kings, where he found have thought that they were dead, but he was able to use the seeds from these peas to grow new plants. These peas are now planted and grown all over the world, including England, America, and Japan. Just like the DNA in Jurassic Park, the seeds contain the code necessary to build a living plant. Science fiction becomes fact. The Millennium Seed Bank you are visiting today is trying to conserve plants for the future by collecting and storing seeds from all over England and the world. Since seeds contain the code necessary to make living things, we can use seed banks to save endangered species. Why are we putting so much effort into this project? Why do we need to conserve plants? Most importantly, plants are the basis of life on Earth. They provide food for almost all forms of life, including thousands of animals, birds, and millions of insects. Since not a few plants have been lost, the world’s other living things dependent upon them must have disappeared too.
Lesson7-3 The human cost of the loss of plants would be even more terrible. Plants provide food, fuel, and building materials. Plants are the source of a great many medicines. Already, 25 percent of our medicines come from plants. Yet less than one-fifth of the world’s plants have been studied for the possible benefits they could bring. We have to keep in mind that plants are often lot before we know anything about how much good they could bring to society.
If a plant should become extinct in the wild, with its seeds kept in a seed bank, it will not be lost forever. Seed banks are also a very efficient means of conserving plants, because the seeds take very little space and require little attention. Many thousands of seeds can be stored for each species in a seed bank. As many seeds as there are people in a city could be conserved in a single bottle!
The seeds stored in seed banks could be used in the future to restore environments, or to increase numbers of endangered plants in the wild. They can be used in scientific research to find new ways in which plants benefit society such as in medicine, agriculture, or industry.
Lesson7-4 I would like to emphasize that conserving diversity within a given species is just as important as it is to conserve different species. Every individual plant has its own characteristics, given it an advantage in a particular environment. The more varieties there are for a given species, the greater the chances are for the species to survive.
Seed banks are helping us fight the loss of global plant diversity. In one place we can keep seeds for all kinds of plants from all over the world − grasses from the tropics, plants from our fields and gardens, are wild plants that have never been changed by the hands of human beings.
We have been trying to save the world’s rain forests, grasslands, and wetlands, but even national parks have no guarantee of long-term security. Although seed banks cannot replace the natural environment, they can offer an insurance service to other conservation techniques.
Finally I would like to suggest that the seed bank project be promoted even further in the rest of the world.
UNICORNのlesson4-2なんですが、どなたか和訳をお願いしますm( )m @ Much of the Central Kalahari had remained unexplored and unsettled because of the heat and lack of water. There were no villages near our base camp. We had to bring our water across the plains from a small town over 150 kilometers away. In an area larger than Ireland, Delia and I were the only human beings expect for a few groups of native Africans. A The Kalahari was a difficult place for us to live. And it was difficult for the wild animals too. Sometimes they looked friendly, but at other times they fought desperately to survive. By watching their way of living, we felt that we were learning something about the laws of nature. B We also felt that the Kalahari was the homeland of wild animals and plants, and that we were no more than uninvited guests. What was most important for us to do, we learned, was to leave the plains and the wild animals and plants as they were. お願いしますm( )m
マザー・テレサに関する文です。 To cut thorough the smog of cynicism; to take only the tool of uncompromising love; to manifest the capacity for healing; to make the story of the good Samaritan a living reality; and to live so true a life as to shine out from the back streets of Calcutta – these things take courage and faith we cannot find in ourselves and cannot be without. I do not speak her language. Yet her life speaks to me, and I am shamed and blessed at the same time. I do not believe one person can do much in this world. Yet there she stood, in Oslo[ノーベル平和賞を授与する街], affecting the whole world. I do not believe in her idea of God. But the power of her faith shames me. And I believe in Mother Teresa. December in Oslo.[平和賞を授与式は12/25に行われたか?] The message for the world at Christmas is one of peace. Not the peace of a child in the Bethlehem stable long ago.[a childはキリスト?] Nor the peace of a full dinner and a sleep by the fire on December 25. But a tough, vibrant, vital peace that comes from the gesture one simple woman in a faded sari and worn sandals makes this night. A peace of mind that comes from a piece of work. 難しいです。おねがいします
Languages differ not only in vocabulary and grammar but also in the kind of information which their native speakers think is important. According to John Hinds, English speakers and Japanese speakers have different ideas of what has to be included to make sure that the listener fully understands the meaning.
Recently I took a flight from Los Angeles to Tokyo with a Japanese friend. It was interesting to see how easily the flight attendant could change from Japanese to English when she asked each of us a question. She would say to my friend, "Ocha wa ikaga desu ka?" Then she would say to me, "Would you like some tea?"
While we were still in flight, the flight attendant passed out forms which we were to fill out. When we were close to Tokyo, she came around to see if we had filled the forms out yet. She said to me, "Have you filled out the form yet?" To my friend she said, "Yoroshii desu ka?"
The difference between these expressions is interesting in a number of ways, but the most obvious is that the Japanese does not say very much at all overtly. In terms of the meaning actually conveyed, however, the Japanese expression is as expressive as the English.
Similar examples come to mind. If you attend a dinner party in the USA, it is necessary to thank the host or hostess after you have eaten. If there were eight guests, each of them might say something like the following: "Oh, everything was delicious." "Yes, I especially liked the soup." "Mm, I think the vegetables were great." "Oh, I've never had such good potatoes." "And the fish was great." "Where did you get the wine? It was delicious." "Did you make the cake yourself? It was really good." "This coffee really hits the spot."
Languages differ not only in vocabulary and grammar but also in the kind of information which their native speakers think is important. According to John Hinds, English speakers and Japanese speakers have different ideas of what has to be included to make sure that the listener fully understands the meaning.
Recently I took a flight from Los Angeles to Tokyo with a Japanese friend. It was interesting to see how easily the flight attendant could change from Japanese to English when she asked each of us a question. She would say to my friend, "Ocha wa ikaga desu ka?" Then she would say to me, "Would you like some tea?"
While we were still in flight, the flight attendant passed out forms which we were to fill out. When we were close to Tokyo, she came around to see if we had filled the forms out yet. She said to me, "Have you filled out the form yet?" To my friend she said, "Yoroshii desu ka?"
The difference between these expressions is interesting in a number of ways, but the most obvious is that the Japanese does not say very much at all overtly. In terms of the meaning actually conveyed, however, the Japanese expression is as expressive as the English.
Similar examples come to mind. If you attend a dinner party in the USA, it is necessary to thank the host or hostess after you have eaten. If there were eight guests, each of them might say something like the following: "Oh, everything was delicious." "Yes, I especially liked the soup." "Mm, I think the vegetables were great." "Oh, I've never had such good potatoes." "And the fish was great." "Where did you get the wine? It was delicious." "Did you make the cake yourself? It was really good." "This coffee really hits the spot."
Languages differ not only in vocabulary and grammar but also in the kind of information which their native speakers think is important. According to John Hinds, English speakers and Japanese speakers have different ideas of what has to be included to make sure that the listener fully understands the meaning.
Recently I took a flight from Los Angeles to Tokyo with a Japanese friend. It was interesting to see how easily the flight attendant could change from Japanese to English when she asked each of us a question. She would say to my friend, "Ocha wa ikaga desu ka?" Then she would say to me, "Would you like some tea?"
While we were still in flight, the flight attendant passed out forms which we were to fill out. When we were close to Tokyo, she came around to see if we had filled the forms out yet. She said to me, "Have you filled out the form yet?" To my friend she said, "Yoroshii desu ka?"
The difference between these expressions is interesting in a number of ways, but the most obvious is that the Japanese does not say very much at all overtly. In terms of the meaning actually conveyed, however, the Japanese expression is as expressive as the English.
Similar examples come to mind. If you attend a dinner party in the USA, it is necessary to thank the host or hostess after you have eaten. If there were eight guests, each of them might say something like the following: "Oh, everything was delicious." "Yes, I especially liked the soup." "Mm, I think the vegetables were great." "Oh, I've never had such good potatoes." "And the fish was great." "Where did you get the wine? It was delicious." "Did you make the cake yourself? It was really good." "This coffee really hits the spot."
While it is unlikely that any eight people have ever said exactly these words in exactly this order, the point is that when people thank someone for a dinner in English, it is important for each person to find something unique to say. When I first attended a large dinner in Japan, I remember being shocked at the way people expressed their delight at the meal. While I was busy trying to think of how to say "The sashimi was really good," the others started to talk.
"Gochiso-sama," said the first person. "Gochiso-sama," said the second, and the third, and soon it was my turn. I also said, "Gochiso-sama," but I felt that I hadn't said enough.
Similar situations occur in service encounters as well. When you ask for service from the clerk at a store, it is usually enough just to say, "Onegaishimasu." It is possible, of course, to say, "Kono firumu o genzoshite kudasai," when you hand film to the clerk; it is possible to say, "Kono okane o watashi no kouza ni irete kudasai," when you hand money to the bank clerk. But most times you simply say, "Onegaishimasu."
These examples point to a major difference between Japanese and English, one that is extremely difficult for learners of the two languages to learn fully. Although it is possible to provide literal translations between Japanese and English for almost any situation, these translations are not always appropriate. We might say that English speakers tend to overspecify verbal content, whereas Japanese speakers tend to underspecify verbal content.
Some people claim that Japanese speakers focus on situations while English speakers focus on people when they speak. For example, when you report that you have a car, the most common way of doing this in English is to say, "I have a car." In Japanese, although it is possible to say, "Watashi wa kuruma o motte imasu," it is much more common to say, "Kuruma ga arimasu." The English speaker requires that a person be mentioned while in Japanese it is preferred that a person not be mentioned.
Here is a similar example. In English, a wife tells her husband, "My mother called today." Here the subject of the sentence is "my mother." If a Japanese wife wants to convey the same message to her husband, she is most likely to say, "Kyo (haha kara) denwa ga atta no yo." I have placed "haha kara" within parentheses to show that this information does not necessarily have to be specified. But even if it is specified, the noun "haha" is not the subject of the sentence.
To sum up what I have discussed above, the English speaker and the Japanese speaker will often select different ways to describe the same situation. The English speaker will usually focus on the speaker and describe the situation with lots of specific details, which the Japanese speaker may consider unnecessary.
What is creativity? Is it something that can be learned? Ken was interested in finding out, so he interviewed Dr.James L.Adams, who has recently written a book about creativity.
Ken(以下K):Dr.Adams,thank you very much for taking time for this interview. You have written a number of books on how to be creative. What exactly do you mean by being "creative"?
Dr.Adams(以下Dr):By "creative" I simply mean being able to come up with new solutions to problems for which there are no simple solutions. Being creative means finding new ways to look at the world.
K:I wonder why so many people these days are interested in being creative.
Dr:Probably one of the most important reasons is that we're living in a complex age where we have to deal with problems which we have never faced before.
K:Is it possible, Dr.Adams, to train yourself to be more creative? Is creativity something that you can learn or something that you're born with?
Dr:I believe that you can train yourself to be more creative. Being creative requires new ways of thinking, or the ability to look at problem in a new way. In order to do that, you have to realize that we have what I call "mental blocks" which prevent us from thinking freely. Let me give you an iteresting puzzle,so you will have a better idea about what I mean by "mental blocks."
Dr:OK. Here's the puzzle. The question is whether you can draw no more than four straight lines which will cross through all nine dots without lifting your pencil from the paper.
K:Hmm. Let me see. You said four straight lines, without lifting the pencil---that's imposstheyible!
Dr:It only appears to be impossible. Let me give you some advice. Don't add any new requirements. Most people add needless requirements. They have a mental block. They think they have to stay inside the square box. Being creative means learning to think outside the box.
K:Hey,I've got it!
Dr:Good for you.
K:It just occurred to me that there's another solution. How about this one?
Dr:Wonderful! There are actually several possible solutions to this puzzle. Here is one which allows all nine dots to be crossed with just one line---with a little paper folding.
クラウンUレッスン7セクション4を至急和訳お願いいたします。 I would like to emphasize that conserving diversity within a given species is just as important as it is to conserve different species. Every individual plant has its own characteristics, given it an advantage in a particular environment. The more varieties there are for a given species, the greater the chances are for the species to survive.
Seed banks are helping us fight the loss of global plant diversity. In one place we can keep seeds for all kinds of plants from all over the world − grasses from the tropics, plants from our fields and gardens, are wild plants that have never been changed by the hands of human beings.
We have been trying to save the world’s rain forests, grasslands, and wetlands, but even national parks have no guarantee of long-term security. Although seed banks cannot replace the natural environment, they can offer an insurance service to other conservation techniques.
Finally I would like to suggest that the seed bank project be promoted even further in the rest of the world.
UNICORNのLESSON4-1、P38の和訳お願いします。1st of August/From Makoto to Paula/
I’ve seen a lot around London in one week. Tomorrow I’ll leave for the Lake District. I asked the hotel clerk to give me the name of a good hotel there. Then I made a reservation by phone. I’m going to the Lake District because it is the home of Peter Rabbit. I’ve loved the stories of Peter and his friends since Iwas a child. I want Looking forward to your reply.
2nd of August/From Paula to Makoto/
I visited English several years ago. I enjoyed London a lot, but I missed the chance to go to the Lake District. I hope you’ll have a good time there. I hear the wather in that area is very changeable, so be sure to take an umbrella with you. Say hello to Peter for me when you see him! Take care. Paula
Lesson4-3 Dr.Adams: And here is a solution which requires cutting the puzzle into pieces and putting it together in a different way,and again using only one line. Ken: It’s amazing how people can come up with such an idea. Dr.Adams: Another person came up with this solution: put the paper on the surface of the Earth. Go around the Erath,moving a little each time so as to pass through the next row on each circle. Ken: Really ingenious! Dr.Adams: This is creativity: learning to avoid needless requirements thinking outside the box. Here is my favorith solution. It’s form an elementary school girl.
Dear Dr.Adums,
My dad and I were doing dot puzzles from your book. My dad said a man found a way to do it with one line. I tired and I did it too. Not by folding, but I used one fat line. It doesn’t say you can't use a fat line. Like this. 続きもお願いします↓
Lesson4-4 Ken: Let's go back to the point at which we started our interview. What does all this suggest about creativity? Dr.Adams: In order to be creative, it is important to avoid mental blocks, to learn to think outside the box. The more brobadly the problem can be started, the more room you have for a creative solution. Ken: Could you give me an example? Dr.Adams: Suppose that you are asked to make a better door. What kind of door do you think of? Most likely, you will think of a rectangular piece of wood. That's what a door is in your mental box. Instead of thinking of a door, think of finding a better way to walk through a wall. With this new problem statement, you can come up with different solutions: curtain like those used to keep heat in stores or out of freezers. Ken: So you're saying a problem statement which is too narrow limits creativity? Dr.Adams: Exactly. A better solution might come from removing nneedless requirements. The question is whether you can think outside the box or not. Ken: Thank you, Dr.Adams. Talking with you about creativity has been most interesting. Thank you very much. 担当者の方よろしくお願いしますm(_ _)m
UNICORNのLESSON4のWARM UP P37の和訳をお願いします。Hi, Makoto! You look very happy today. Do I? I think it’s because I’m going to Britain this summer. That sounds goods! How long are you going to stay there? I’m planning to stay for three weeks. Then you can visit many places. I’m going to take my small computer with me. I’ll send you some e-mail. Can you give me your e-mail address? I’ll write it down for you…..Here it is. Be sure to write! I will. I’ll send e-mail as often as I can. Have a nice trip. See you! Thank you . Have a nice summer. Bye!
When the family arrived at the hospital,Asako seemed to be just sleeping. Her heartbeat could be heard and her body was still warm. Her face was beautiful. Her cheeks were rosy and her foerhead was a little sweaty. They could not understand she was brain-dead and cried "Asa-chan,Asa-chan"to wake her, but there was no answer. she was just lying on the bed. "She is warm. She is breathing. What is brain death?" asked Yoichi, Asako's father. Asako was kept alive only by medicines and machines. In fact, there was nothing she could do by herself. The family asked the doctor many questions and she replied sympathetically to each question they asked. Yoichi finally asked, "What do you think of my daughter?" The doctor said, "She is a very nice young woman. I am sorry I cannot help her."
The marvelous richness of human experience world lose something of rewarding joy if there were no limitations to overcome. The hilltop hour would not be half so wonderful if there were no dark valleys to traverse. -Helen Keller-
In Roman times, the role of Aphlodite was assumed by Venus, another erotic goddess portrayed with golden locks. Again, she inspired prostitutes to hit the peroxide bottle, but the look also caught on as naturally blond Germans were taken to Rome as slaves by conquering armies. By the third of century A.D., Christian preachers had concluded that the blond and naked Venus was evil, yet lightning the hair or wearing a blond wig remainded a popular way of standing out among the dark-haired Romans.
Pitman then jumps more than a milennium to the Middle Ages, when blondes, at least those with dyed hair or wigs, were still considered hissies. By then, she notes, Venus had transmogrified into Eve, duly portrayed as a beautiful―and blond―tempress. "In her wake trailed Mary Magdalene, one of her most promiscuous descendants," Pitman writes, pointing to Masaccio's 1426 "Crucifixion," which shows Mary Magdalene at the foot of the cross, her long blond hair tumbling over a vivid red cloak.
I write my ideas in an ordinary school notebook. I spend a lot of time thinking over the wording, dealing with the various concerns of time, clarity, brevity, and so on. I write in pencil, and I change things again and again. Once I get an idea into form, I make a small sketch of the characters to give the strip a rough plan. My purpose at this point is mostly to show who's speaking each line, but I try to suggest gestures and rough compositions, so I will think about the idea in terms of what it will look like when it comes time to ink it up. I return to the roughs over several days, when I'm fresher and more able to see clearly. Often the writing needs more work, and sometimes I just cross the whole thing out. Sometimes I've thrown away the whole stories―weeks of material― that I didn't think were good. Naturally, if I'm right on time, that kind of editing becomes impossible, so I try to write well ahead of due dates. I'm not willing to send out a strip I think is bad, so I like a long lead time.
和訳お願いします。 CROWNULesson8 1 (Distance shot of an African landscape;a child's voice is heard) “I went to my aunt's home with my mother.When we passed a farm along the way,I thougt I'd touched a spider's web.A landmine exploded.Both my mother and I were badly injured.we did not get help for a long time. Night passed and finally when morning came,we were brought here.” Redglare:Landmines!There may be as many as 120 million of these terrible weapons in over 70 countries throughout the world.Most of these mines are under the ground and will explode when they are stepped on.But mines cannot see or hear.They cannot tell a soldier from a child,a grandmother, a cow,or an elephant.When anything touches them,they will explode.They remain active for a very long time,50 years,may be even a century. The movement to remove land mines is said to have started in the 1990s. Mine-clearing operations have begun,but no single government or agency can possibly clear that many mines.Large numbers of people must help.
Lesson4-3 It was during our second year on the Kalahari that I first met Bones. One afternoon, on my way back to the base camp, I spotted him on the open plains about 300 meters from my track. He was standing over the body of an African deer that had been killed months before. He was trying to eat the old,hard skin of the dead animal. He probably had not eaten for weeks. I could clearly see his ribs under his loose, hanging skin. As my truck slowly approached,he started to walk away. Every few steps he fell to the ground and then struggled to get on his geet again. Finally,he fell hard to the ground and didn't get up. He didn't move at all. It was clear that he lay dying there. Now I was faced with a dilemma. I debated whether I should try to save his life or not. I said to myself that I was on the Kalahari to watch and study the animals, not to interfere with them in any way. And even if Itried, could I save his life? I was quite at a loss what to do. After nearly twenty minutes,I finally decided to help him if I could.
間違いたびたびすいません。feetでした ↓もう一度書き直しますm( )mお願いします UNICORN ENGLISH COURSEU Lesson4-3 It was during our second year on the Kalahari that I first met Bones. One afternoon, on my way back to the base camp, I spotted him on the open plains about 300 meters from my track. He was standing over the body of an African deer that had been killed months before. He was trying to eat the old,hard skin of the dead animal. He probably had not eaten for weeks. I could clearly see his ribs under his loose, hanging skin. As my truck slowly approached,he started to walk away. Every few steps he fell to the ground and then struggled to get on his feet again. Finally,he fell hard to the ground and didn't get up. He didn't move at all. It was clear that he lay dying there. Now I was faced with a dilemma. I debated whether I should try to save his life or not. I said to myself that I was on the Kalahari to watch and study the animals, not to interfere with them in any way. And even if Itried, could I save his life? I was quite at a loss what to do. After nearly twenty minutes,I finally decided to help him if I could.
>>357に続き、クラウンUレッスン8の2です。和訳お願いします! Redglare:One person who is working to remove landmines is Sakamoto Ryuichi. He made a CD called Zero Landmine. (Turning to Sakamoto) When did you become interested in the landmine problem,Ryuichi? Sakamoto:Like everyone else ,I had heard of the problem, but what really got me thinking about it was a TV program about Chris Moon. Having lost both his arm and his leg to a landmine in Africa, he had every reason to get discouraged,but he never gave up. He got an artificial arm and leg ,and began to walk ,finally to run. In the end,he was able to run a full marathon. Most surprising of all,Chris was chosen to be the torchbearer for the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympic Games. (Cut to video clip of Chris Moon running;Moon’s voice is heard) Moon:Landmines are evil.They lie active in the ground for years after the fighting has stopped, and they cannot tell the difference between the step of a soldier and that of a child. Many of those injured by mines die slow deaths. Those who servive often live lives of misery,poverty,and discrimination.”
unicorn english courseU Lesson4-4 The lion's leg was badly broken, a small bone sticking through the skin. I had no choice but to cut off the bone and sew up the wound. With the truck I pulled him under a tree. Later, before sunset, I brought food and water from the base camp and put it beside him. For ten days I brought food and water to Bones. He was recovering and becoming used to my presence. Bones and I became friends. On the eleventh day I heard the roar of another lion far away. Bones stood up, roared back in reply, and walked away into the Klahari. I was happy to have had the chance to help him. One day, about a week later, Bones returned. He came followed by his group. They sat under the trees near our base camp and watched up curiously. After that, they came often, and slowly they became used to us. By and by, our base camp became their playground. We grew very close to them, especially to Bones. We found him to be a brave fighter but, when he lay outside our tent, he was as gentle as a house cat. During our seven-year stay on the Kalahari, no one became closer to us than our dear friend Bones.
In our sixth year on the Kalahari, the rainy season didn't come. Many animals wandered toward hte edge of the Game Reserve to look for a water. We worried about them because there were hunters out ide the Reserve. We didn't expect to see any lions around our base camp. So we were very surprised to find Bones at our base camp one day. "Good afternoon, Mr.Bones,"I said . I noticed the tag, "001." Bones looked up at me with his gentle eyes. After a few minutes, he walked off into the plains. Perhaps he had come to say good-bye. Two months passed and there was still no rain. We hadn't seen Bones during this time. We wandered if Bones was all right. Finally, we decided to look for him. As we approached the edge of the Reserve, a message came over our car radio. It was a friend calling from a town outside the Reserve. "Mark, Doug, this is Doug. Are you there?" "Yes, Doug, this is mark. How are you?" "Fine, but I have some bad news for you. Some hunters shot a lion today. He's got one of your tags on his ear." "What's... the number, Doug?" "It's 001." m( )m引き続きよろしくお願い致します
They sat under the trees near our base camp and watched up curiously. After that, they came often, and slowly they became used to us. By and by, our base camp became their playground. So we were very surprised to find Bones at our base camp one day. "Good afternoon, Mr.Bones,"I said . I noticed the tag, "001." Bones looked up at me with his gentle eyes. We grew very close to them, especially to Bones. We found him to be a brave fighter but, when he lay outside our tent, he was as gentle as a house cat. During our seven-year stay on the Kalahari, no one became closer to us than our dear friend Bones. It was a friend calling from a town outside the Reserve. "Mark, Doug, this is Doug. Are you there?" "Yes, Doug, this is mark. How are you?" "Fine, but I have some bad news for you. Some hunters shot a lion today. He's got one of your tags on his ear." "What's... the number, Doug?" "It's 001."
Are you puzzled too? You might think the young girl was lying to the police officer unless you realized that Dr.Robinson was the girl's mother,not her father.This story shows how gender stereotypes affect your way of thinking.If you thought Dr.Robinson was a man,perhaps you automatically think most doctors are males Gender stereotypes-what a man or a woman should be like-are influenced by culture and have changed throughout history.As you grow up in society,you pick up these gender stereotypes.For instance,have you ever heard any of these comments? Pink is for girls,blue is for boys.Men support the family and women raise the children.Math and science are not subjects for girls. Chances are you have heard these or similar ideas and agreed with at least one of them.Are any of these ideas true? As The New York Times reported in 1989,one of our old assumptions,pink is for girls and blue is for boys,was once the other way round.Before World War T,boys wore pink while girls wore blue.Only after World War Udid today's connection of the two genders with pink and blue become common.This shows that the ideas about men and women change from era to era. In fact, in the ancient world,Aristotle believed that a woman's body was colder than a man's. The Greek Physician,Galen believed that men were active and women were inactive.
Gender stereotypes-what a man or a woman should be like-are influenced by culture and have changed throughout history.As you grow up in society,you pick up these gender stereotypes.For instance,have you ever heard any of these comments? Pink is for girls,blue is for boys.Men support the family and women raise the children.Math and science are not subjects for girls. So we were very surprised to find Bones at our base camp one day. "Good afternoon, Mr.Bones,"I said . I noticed the tag, "001." Bones looked up at me with his gentle eyes. We grew very close to them, especially to Bones. We found him to be a brave fighter but, when he lay outside our tent, he was as gentle as a house cat. During our seven-year stay on the Kalahari, no one became closer to us than our dear friend Bones. It was a friend calling from a town outside the Reserve. "Mark, Doug, this is Doug. Are you there?" Chances are you have heard these or similar ideas and agreed with at least one of them.Are any of these ideas true?
The omnipresence of the word "terro" made me reach for dictionary to check whether even was Japanese word for terrorism --there is, but my friends tell me most Japanese wouldn't understand it these days.
CROWN English Series 1 Lesson3 Comprhension:省略 Words&Expressions 1.a 2.e 3.d 4.b 5.c Exercises 1 1.through 2.while 3.from 2 1.running 2.invented 3.enjoyed,be shared 3 1.education 2.language 3.map 4.cup 4 1.whichまたはthat 2.that 3.What 4.whose 5 1.who takes care of 2.cake that my mother made yesterday 3.The digital camera which my father bought me
Lesson4 Comprehension Summary 1.language 2.dying 3.official 4.revive 5.set 6.Hawaiian 7.means 8.mother Words&Expressions 1.a 2.c 3.b 4.e 5.d Exercise 1 1.of 2.of 3.place 4.on 5.than 2 1.had left 2.getting 3.turnまたはturning 4.had been 3 1.Though 2.longer 3.more 4.by 4 1.help,read 2.touch 3.lost,had bought 4.to maintain 5 1.finish my report by tomorrow 2.Of course,but you must keep quiet 3.than I had thought 4.seems to think I am 5.had already begun when I arrived at
Lesson5 Words&Expressions 1.b 2.c 3.d 4.e 5.a Exercies 1 1.about 2.of 3.when 4.back 5.why 2 1.would like to 2.take a 3.grain,salt 3 1.taling 2.been explained 3.featuring 4 1.how I solved this problem 2.There used to be 3.appeared to be the best way 4.very far from where she works 5.has not been completed
Lesson6 Comprehension Summary 1.Africa 2.chimpanzees 3.brains 4.ours 5.environment 6.Roots&Shoots 7.solve Words&Expressions 1.e 2.b 3.d 4.a 5.c Exercies 1 1.To 2.of 3.By 4.in 2 1.It's clear that he didn't do his homework by himself. 2.It was a surprise that she didn't talk to you at the party. 3.It's possible that I'll be here again next Sunday. 4 1.I thought Anne liked her aunt very much. 2.Mary believed her father was in London soon. 3.I learned the earth goes around the sun. 4.They thought we had had a lot of things to do. 5 1.spent,teaching,cooking 2.What,for 3.got,angry,without,saying 4.ended,up,cooking 5.why
The purpose of this study is to examine the historical development of Waikiki from 1900 to 1949,and the decisive transformation of its environment from a primarily agricultural land to a resort area. By taking the methodological approach of a landscape study,the dissertation explores the images and movements behind the scenes and beneath the surface,and correlates these developments with evolving economic,social,and cultural values.The central thesis is that Waikiki's changing landscape from 1900 and 1949 reflects the formation of the American idea of a resort paradise,serving primarity the affluent,privileged class.
It is also true,because of technology,we are facing a global society and will have more and more chances to speak other languages and to communicate with our friends, co-workers and neighbors,near and far. わからないところがあったので、訳をよろしくお願いします。
One interesting legend tells how coffee traveled to the New World. In 1714, the Dutch gave a small coffee tree to the king of France , who was very found of coffee. He protected his new tree with great care. He was against anyone taking a clipping from his tree. One night though, a visiting French official from Martinique, a Caribbean island , secretly too a clipping from the tree . After returning to the island, he planted the clipping, which after many years produces hundreds of coffee trees. The emperor of Brazil sent an official to buy one of these trees. The French refused. But as he was leaving, a French woman who had fallen in love with him gave him a bouquet of flowers with clippings inside. From those clippings came thousands of trees. Today the coffee trees of Brazil supply one-third of the world's coffee. Around the world, more than 20 million people work in the coffee bussiness. Coffee has become the second-most traded commodity after oil. With over 400 billion cups drunk every year, coffee is the world's most popular drink.
Lesson2 @ The story of coffee begins around the year A.D. 800. コーヒーの話は西暦800年頃に始まる。 Imagine a young boy, Kaldi, watching over his goats in a wide, open field. 若いカルディという少年が広い、広々とした野原でヤギの番をしていたと想像してみなさい。 The afternoon sun is hot, and it has made Kaldi sleepy. 午後の太陽は暑く、そのためカルディは眠くなる。 As he sits down to rest, he notices his goats dancing around in the field. 休息をとるために座ると少年はヤギが野原で跳ね回っているのに気づく。 They have been eating the bright red berries of a bush in the field. ヤギは野原の茂みの中の鮮明な赤色の実を食べていたのだ。 Kaldi jumps up and tries some of the berries himself. カルディは飛び上がってその実を自分も試して食べてみた。 Soon he is dancing around together with his goats. まもなく彼もヤギと一緒に跳ね回っていたのである。 A monk who is walking by notices this strange sight. 近くを通りかかった僧がその奇妙な光景を目にした。 He too tries some of the berries and finds that they lift his spirits. 彼もまたその実をいくつか試しに食べてみて、その実が気分を高揚させることに気づいた。 He takes some of the berries with him back to the other monks. 僧はその実をいくつか他の僧のところに持ち帰った。 They are pleased because the berries help them stay awake during the evening prayers. 彼らはその実が夜の祈祷のとき目を覚ましているのに役立っているので喜んだ。 This is only one legend of the discovery of coffee – and there are many. これはコーヒーの発見の伝説のうちの一つに過ぎないのである。 − コーヒーの物語は他にもたくさんあるのだ。 However, most researchers believe that the field where Kaldi, or someone else, first discovered coffee was in Ethiopia, a country in northeast Africa. しかしながら研究者のほとんどはカルディ、または他の誰かが始めてコーヒーを発見した野原は北東アフリカの国であるエチオピアにあったと信じている。
A Before coffee became a drink, it was used around A.D. 1000 as a kind of food by the Galla people of Ethiopia. コーヒーは飲み物となる以前、西暦1000年あたりには、エチオピアのガラ民族による食物の一種だった。 The berries were first crushed, mixed with animal fats and then shaped into balls. 乾燥した種子はまず砕かれ、動物の脂と混ぜられ、球状にした。 The balls could be carried and eaten on long trips. そのボールは長旅の中で食べられた。 Also, around 1000, coffee plants were taken from Ethiopia to some of the Arabian countries. また、1000年頃、コーヒーの苗はエチオピアからいくつかのアラビア諸国に持っていかれた。 The drink coffee that we know today probably originated in Turkey. 私たちがよく知っている今日のコーヒーはおそらくトルコに起源があった。 Often spices such as cinnamon were added for flavor. シナモンのようなスパイスは度々香り付けに加えられた。
Kiva Han, which opened in the city of Istanbul about 1475, was the first coffee shop in the world. 1575年あたりにイスタンブールの街に開かれたキヴァハンは世界で初めてのコーヒー屋だった。 Politicians, philosophers, artists, students and travelers all got together for the lively discussions. 政治家、哲学者、芸術家、学生や旅人はみんな活発に議論を交わした。 Often musicians could be heard playing there as well. 度々音楽家がそこで演奏するのも同じように聴けた。 Around 1600, Italian traders introduced roasted coffee to Europe. およそ1600年頃、イタリアの商人が炒りコーヒーを紹介した。 At first, people drink coffee as a kind of medicine. 最初は人々は薬としてコーヒーを飲んでいた。 By 1645, as the drink became more popular, one of the first European coffee house was opened in Venice. 1645年までには、飲み物としてより有名になり、ヴェニスに初めてのコーヒーハウスの一つがオープンした。 Later, coffee houses could be found across Europe. のちに、コーヒーハウスはヨーロッパじゅうで見られるようになった。 These coffee houses also became popular places for people to gather. これらのコーヒーハウスも人々が集まるのに人気のある場所になった。
B By 1700 there were nearly 2,000 coffee houses in London. 1700年までにロンドンに2000軒近くのコーヒーハウスがあった。 Famous philosophers and scholars such as Newton and Halley went there for discussion. ニュートンやハレーのような有名な哲学者や学者が議論しにそこに行った。 We must not forget that the conversations that took place in these coffee houses influenced the political, social and business life of those times. これらのコーヒーハウスでの会話が当時の政治、社会、仕事において影響を与えたことを忘れてはいけない。 There were no telephones, and post offices were not so efficient as they are now. 電話は無く、郵便局も現在のように有効ではなかった。 The coffee houses were sometimes called “penny universities” because a person could buy a cup of coffee for one penny and learn more at the coffee house than in class! コーヒーハウスは1ペニーでコーヒーを買い、授業よりもコーヒーハウスで多くのことを学べたので、しばしば「ペニー大学」と呼ばれた。 When some coffee houses asked that customers pay another penny “for quick service,” the custom of giving “a tip” was born. いくつかのコーヒーハウスでは客に迅速なサービスのために「もう1ペニー」支払うことを頼み、「チップ」を与える習慣が生まれた。 For many years, only roasted coffee beans had been brought into Europe. 長年、炒りコーヒー豆のみがヨーロッパに持っていかれた。 Arabian countries wanted to protect their special drink and product, so exporting a coffee plant was forbidden. アラビア諸国は特別な飲み物と製造を守りたかったので、コーヒーの苗を輸出することを禁止した。 However, around 1690, Dutch traders secretly took some coffee plants and started to grow coffee in Ceylon and Java. しかし、1690年頃、オランダの商人が密かにいくらかのコーヒーの苗を持ち出し、セイロン島やジャワ島でコーヒーを栽培し始めた。 It became a very good business for them. それはかれらにとってとてもよい仕事だった。
C One interesting legend tells how coffee traveled to the New World. ある興味深い伝説はどのようにコーヒーが新世界に旅行したかを物語っている。 In 1714, the Dutch gave a small coffee tree to the King of France, who was very fond of coffee. 1714年、オランダ人がコーヒーのとても好きだったフランスの王にコーヒーの小さな木を与えた。 He protected his new tree with great care. 彼は多大な注意を払って新しい木を守った。 He was against anyone taking a clipping from the tree. 彼は誰かが木からふと枝を持っていくことに反対した。 One night though, a visiting French official from Martinique, a Caribbean island, secretly took a clipping from the tree. ある夜、カリブのマルティニーク島から訪れたフランスの役人が、この木から密かにひと枝を持っていった。 After returning to the island, he planted the clipping, which after many years produced hundreds of coffee trees. 島から戻った後、彼はひと枝を育て、それが後に何百ものコーヒーの木を生み出した。 The Emperor of Brazil sent an official to buy one of these trees. ブラジル皇帝はこれらの木を買うために役人を送った。 The French refused. フランス政府は拒否した。
But as he was leaving, a French woman who had fallen in love with him gave him a bouquet of flowers with clippings inside. しかし、彼が出発したとき、彼に恋したフランス人の女性がひと枝を中に入れた花束を彼にあげた。 From those clippings came thousands of trees. これらのひと枝から何千もの木になった。 Today, the coffee trees of Brazil supply one-third of the world’s coffee. 今日、ブラジルのコーヒーは世界の1/3を供給している。 Around the world, more than 20 million people work in the coffee business. 世界じゅうで、2000万人以上の人々がコーヒーの仕事に携わっている。 Coffee has become the second-most traded commodity after oil. コーヒーは石油に次ぐ第2位の取引される日用品になってきている。 With over 400 billion cups drunk every year, coffee is the world’s most popular drink. 4000億杯以上のコーヒーが毎年飲まれていて、コーヒーは世界で最も一般的な飲み物である。
【CROWNU,p19】 They tell their people's history,traditIons,laws,and wisdom in the form of what they call “Dreamtime." Not having a writing system of their own,Aborigines have passed down the Dreamtime stories through word of mouth,paintings,songs,and dances. よろしくお願いしますm(__;)m!
Lesson7 Comprehension Information Organization 1 (1)great progress in science and communication (2)terrible war 2 in Nagasaki in 1945 3 carrying a baby on his back 4 in Vietnam at the time of the Vietnam War in1972 5 running down a roap in pain, with her clothes burned off 6 that there should never be war again
Exercise 1 1.in・for 2.for 3.at 4.after 5.of・as 2 1.compete・with 2.Pay・attention・to 3.Keep・on・what 3 1.c 2.a 3.d 4.b 4 1.no matter how hard you practice 2.In fact,paid attention to me 3.to keep on trying 4.hadn't given,could not have won 5 省略
Exercise 1 1.in・for 2.for 3.at 4.after 5.of・as 2 1.compete・with 2.Pay・attention・to 3.Keep・on・what 3 1.c 2.a 3.d 4.b 4 1.no matter how hard you practice 2.In fact,paid attention to me 3.to keep on trying 4.hadn't given,could not have won 5 省略
UNICORN2 LESSON5-1です。 よろしくおねがいしますm(_ _)m I always had a dream that some day I would learn how to read. I never told anyone that I couldn't read. It was my secret. Although my mind was as good as anyone's,I never had a chance to learn. If I had not been too busy with work,I could have gone to school. When I traveled somewhere,I could never read a sign. My mind worked hard. I had to ask people things and had to remember. I could never let my mind forget anything. I listened to the news and had to trust what I heard. My wife read the mail and paid our bills. I made sure that each of my children learned to read. When they came home from school,there were milk and cookies on the table. They would tell me what thheir classmates did and what the teacher said. I made sure they told me what they had learned. I always listened. I always asked if they had worked hard. The answer was always yes. They knew what I expected: hard work. I would tell them,"School is importantand there is a lot of learn.I'mproud of you."
The work of NGOs like MSF is holping to solve many of the world's problems, but there is so much more to do. It is ma hope that many more Japanese will volunteer for such work, go and see the real world, and begin to have a sense of compassion for people who need help. Such voluntters will find that they get as much as they give. In my own case, the experience not only gave direction to my life but also gave me an opportunity to think about what it is to live as a human being.
Crossing the border takes a lot of courage, but I would like you to follow your own idea of what is right. You might find yourself in the minority, but have confidence in yourself and have courage to put your beliefs into action.
UNICORN2 LESSON3-1です、お願いします。 One morning in April 1995, I sat down at the breakfast table as usual to read the comics in the newspaper. But I didn't make it past the front page. One big headline caught my: "Child Laborer, Boy, 12, Murdered." Twelve, about the same age I was. I could hardly believe the story. Child Laborer, Boy, 12, Murdered. ISLAMABAD, Pakistan(AP)-From 4 to 12 years old, Iqbal Masih was forced to work at a carpet-weabing factory. After he was a free, he started a worldwide campaign against child labor. On Sunday, he was shot dead. Some people believe he was murdered by someone who had warned him to stop his activities. After school I went to the public library to study the problem of child labor. I found a few newspaper articles: children younger than me working hard in coal mines; others injured or killed by explosions at fireworks factory. Why was nothing being done to stop such terrible things? As I walked home through my middeleclass neighborhood, my thoughts were on the other side of the world. And my own world seemed a little darker.
LESSON3-2 A few days later, in order to inform people about child laborers I formed a group with some classmates. We named our group "Free the Children." Within a few months, our group had built a solid foundation. We had a neme, a definite goal, and an office(the den in my house). We drew up a letter which told about Free the Children. With our principal's help, we sent a copy to the schools in our area. In late May we received a request to speak to a World Studies class at one high school. Thirty students filled the room. It looked like a mini-United Nations; there were students from many different ethnic backgrounds. The members of our group took turns speaking. "There are more than 250 million children working in the world," I told the studnts. "That's equal to the entire population of the United States." By the end of the presentation, the students were just as shocked as we had been when we first heard about child labor.
Oliver Twist S U M M A R Y Oliver Twist becomes an orphan within hours of his birth in a workhouse. He grows up in a grim atmosphere presided over by Mr Bumble until, at the age of nine, he asks for more to eat, and is promptly given away to the local undertaker, Mr. Sowerberry. His unhappy life continues and he finally runs away to London where he is befriended by Jack Dawkins. Dawkins takes him home to his boss, Fagin, but Oliver does not realise that it is a nest of thieves until he sees Dawkins and others stealing from Mr Brownlow. Oliver is falsely accused of theft but when the charge is dropped, Mr Brownlow takes him in and, for this first time, Oliver knows true kindness, and real wealth. Fagin has not finished with Oliver however. He gets a burglar friend. Bill Sikes, and his girlfriend, Nancy, to recapture Oliver to help them with a crime. Oliver has to climb through a small window into the Maylies’house, and then let the thieves in. He does his part but is wounded and left for dead by Sikes. Once again, he falls on his feet. The Maylies nurse him back to health. The danger still lurks, however. Sikes and Fagin are afraid that Oliver can betray them. Safe as he feels, Oliver dreams one night of his troubled past. When he wakes, the evil Fagin and an unknown companion are lurking outside the window. One of Fagin’s cohorts, a grim fellow named Monks, visits the Bumbles to buy the evidence of Oliver’s parentage – a locket left by his mother. Monks throws the locket into a river, then presses Fagin to recapture Oliver and make a thief of him.
Even though Oliver has been away, Nancy often thinks about him. When she overhears conversations between Fagin and his strange accomplice, Monks, she becomes worried that Oliver is in danger. She drugs Sikes and seeks out Rose Maylie who happens to be passing through London. Nancy reveals that Monks is Oliver’s half brother, and that, in order to keep an inheritance for himself, Monks may cause harm to Oliver. Rose finally finds Mr. Brownlow and enlists his help. They meet Nancy on London Bridge to learn more about Monks. When they offer Nancy refuge, she refuses, insisting that she must go home to Sikes, whom she loves even though he is brutal to her. What she doesn’t know is that the suspicious Fagin has had her followed and that her conversation has been overheard. Angered by Nancy’s betrayal, Fagin incites Sikes to such fury that he beats Nancy to death. Brownlow, using Nancy’s information, locates Monks. Evil Monks is, ironically, the son of Brownlow’s best friend, and Oliver Twist is his illegitimate younger brother. Their father, who hated Monks’mother and loved Oliver’s, wrote a will leaving most of his money to the younger son, Oliver – unless he turned out to be a criminal. That is why Monks plotted with Fagin to make Oliver a thief. After wandering around for two days, Sikes is finally tracked down and surrounded by police in a hideout. He hangs himself accidentally while trying to escape. The threat to Oliver is eliminated. Brownlow forces Monks to reveal the rest of his information: not only is Oliver entitled to a fortune, but his mother was Rose Maylie’s sister! All at once, Oliver has money and a family too. The questions about Rose’s parents are answered, and she can marry Henry Maylie. Fagin is arrested, convicted, and hanged. His gang is scattered. Monks goes off to America, where he later dies in prison.
Richard Branson opens his autobiography with a description of one of the things that he is most famous for – a terrifying attempt to fly around the world in a hot air balloon. On this occasion he nearly dies before the balloon crash lands in the Algerian desert. Flying a hot air balloon is a bit like the way he runs his Virgin business empire – he’s always willing to take risks and go a little higher rather than take the easy option and land safely. This book is part one of his autobiography, covering the first 43 years of his life and ending in 1993. We read about his unconventional time at school, where he spent most of his last year trying to set up a commercial magazine for students rather than studying for exams. We watch him mature as a businessman, developing his own informal business methods and learning by his mistakes as well as his successes. He mixes honest accounts of his personal life, including early love affairs and the loss of his first child, with the high and low points of running his business empire. And every so often there is a high risk adventure in a boat or a balloon. He is always unpredictable and his story is very unusual. In 1991, for example, he became involved in the Gulf War through his friendship with Queen Noor of Jordan. We get an insight into the very personal experiences of some of the individuals caught up in that war. The last few chapters deal in detail with the famous dispute between Branson’s airline, Virgin Atlantic and the giant airline company, British Airways. Finally Richard Branson talks briefly about what he has done since 1993 and how he sees the future. The book ends there, but the story doesn’t. Virgin continues to change and evolve, providing plenty of material for part two of Richard Branson’s autobiography.
In 1966 Richard Branson began his first business enterprise with £4 borrowed from his mother. Today he is a billionaire and he has created one of the most famous brands in the world. His companies employ 50,000 people around the world. Branson often appears at the top of ‘most admired businessperson’ polls and young people particularly like him. He started out doing business from his bed. Today he sits in a comfortable armchair and his desk is a low coffee table. He still has his famous beard, his colourful sweaters and his smile. And now into his mid-fifties, he is still as ambitious as when he started in business – his dream is to make Virgin the number one brand in the world.
In 1966 Richard Branson began his first business enterprise with £4 borrowed from his mother. Today he is a billionaire and he has created one of the most famous brands in the world. His companies employ 50,000 people around the world. Branson often appears at the top of ‘most admired businessperson’ polls and young people particularly like him. He started out doing business from his bed. Today he sits in a comfortable armchair and his desk is a low coffee table. He still has his famous beard, his colourful sweaters and his smile. And now into his mid-fifties, he is still as ambitious as when he started in business – his dream is to make Virgin the number one brand in the world.
Autobiography is a popular genre in today’s celebrity culture. Every week sees the publication of the life story of another pop star, footballer or television presenter. And the public seems to have an endless appetite for these books. Reasons for celebrities to reveal their life stories vary. Some just like to talk about themselves. Some are fed up with inaccurate press stories and want to tell their version of events. Often they have very little to say and the book is just another product to make money. Some are so young they have barely begun their lives. But others are fascinating. Richard Branson’s story has all the ingredients that make a good autobiography. First, an interesting private life lived among the rich and famous, princesses and rock stars, models and politicians, giving us plenty of gossip. Second, a very unusual business philosophy that has made him into one of the world’s richest men. His clashes with the more traditional business world have ended up in exciting legal battles that have changed the way business is done. Third, dangerous adventures in the air and on the water. An autobiography is of course only one side of the story. Students must judge how honest they think Richard Branson is in this portrait of himself. He talks about his shortcomings as well as his successes. He shows clearly how he makes mistakes, like the time he tried to evade customs duties and was arrested, and learns from them. He analyses his motivation. When he gets involved in helping refugees from the Gulf War, for example, he asks himself if he is doing this for personal glory. Or is he using his fame fairly to help to get things done that otherwise would not happen?
Cynics may say that any charitable action by a business tycoon is an attempt to win free publicity for their brand. This criticism was made of Bill Gates, Microsoft founder, when he suddenly started to pay for scholarships around the world. Equally, the rich and famous are criticised when they don’t support charities and share their fortunes out a little. Perhaps the answer is simply that human motivation is always a mix of self-interest and wanting to help others. Throughout the book we see Richard Branson’s business style at work. As well as business being fun and informal, he believes that ‘small is beautiful’. Virgin is a big empire made up of many small companies. This story of his life shows how the success of Virgin lies in its diversity. He wants his brand known for itself, not for just one product, like Coca Cola or Nike. He wants people to think that if it’s Virgin, it must be good, whether it’s a drink, a bank or a wedding dress. The danger is that when the brand is tainted, one bad product gives all the others a bad name. Virgin’s reputation in Britain suffered in the late 1990s because of Virgin trains. As Branson admits, improving the railways after 40 years of poor investment is a longterm project, but customers want quick results.
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CROWN English Reading Lesson7 This Dizzy World In our science classes we learn about the laws of physics. Do you remember Newton’s First Law of Motion? Can you apply that law to answer simple everyday questions, such as: Why don’t we feel dizzy on our spinning world? Why do we feel the motion on a roller coaster but not in an airplane that is going much faster?
[Q] If the world is spinning at about 1,600 kilometers per hour, why don’t we get dizzy, feel the wind or somehow notice the motion? Is it just because we are used to it?
[A] No, it’s because Earth’s rotation is a uniform, unvarying motion, and we can feel only changes in motion. Any time a moving object changes its motion, either in its direction or in speed, we say that it has experienced an acceleration. Say you’re a passenger in a car that’s moving in a straight line and at a constant speed. You don’t feel any forces pushing your body around. But as soon as the road changes from straight to curved, your body becomes aware of it, because you are pushed slightly toward the outside of the curve. Or if the driver suddenly steps on the accelerator, your body becomes aware of it because you are pushed slightly toward the front of the car. But as long as the car doesn’t speed up or slow down or go around a curve, your body feels no forces trying to push it around. In effect, your body doesn’t know it’s moving, even if your brain does. Your brain knows that Earth is spinning but your body doesn’t because the motion is smooth and uniform. As Isaac Newton put it in his First Law of Motion, a body (including yours) that is moving at a constant speed in a straight line will continue moving that way unless some outside force acts on it. Without such an outside force, the body doesn’t even realize it’s moving.
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[Q] We’re following the curvature of Earth’s surface. It may be a constant speed, but it isn’t a straight line. So why aren’t we being pushed outward?
[A] We are. But the curvature is so gradual---Earth is so big---that we move almost in a straight line, so that the outward force is very small. This is all very discouraging to the people who design amusement park rides, who want us to experience a lot of motion. They try to make us feel unbalanced and insecure. That’s why nothing in the whole place moves at a constant speed in a single direction. Every ride either spins you around, throws you first up and then down, or puts you through some crazy combination of up, down, and around at the same time. The best roller coasters are those that combine ups and downs with speedups, slowdowns, twists and curves. Even the merry-go-round is continually diverting you from a straight line, forcing you to turn in a circle. You may wonder why we don’t feel the wind as Earth spins us around. It’s because the air is being carried around at the same 1,600 kilometer-per-hour speed as ourselves. So there is no relative motion between us and the air.
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[Q] If earth is turning at around 1,600 kilometers per hour, why can’t we see it moving beneath us when we’re in an airplane that’s going a lot slower?
[A] Because even when you’re flying off to an island to get away from it all, you can’t escape being part if “it all.” Your airplane is attached to Earth almost as tightly as the mountains below. Since the air is attached Earth, you might say that we’re all in the same boat, sailing eastward along with the surface of Earth at around 1,600 kilometers per hour. You do, of course, see the ground “moving” beneath you as you fly. But it’s your own airplane’s motion that you’re seeing, not the ground’s. It’s the same as seeing the trees “speed backward” as you speed along the highway in your car. That’s a very important point to realize: there is no such thing as absolute motion. All motion is relative. Nothing can be said to be moving or not moving without specifying “relative to what?” Motion is motion only when it is compared to some independent reference point. To the trees, you and your car are moving, but to you and your car, the trees are moving. Who’s right? If you had been born in your car a second ago, you’d believe that it was the trees that were moving, using yourself as a reference point. It is only with experience that we learn to accept reference points outside ourselves. If drivers took themselves as the reference point, the trees would be “moving” every which way at all kinds of speeds, because every person’s reference point would be moving in a different direction at a different speed.
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Stationary trees, however, are much easier to deal with, so we humans have agreed to take the trees and the land they’re attached to as our stationary references. But let’s stand back and take a bigger view of Earth. When we say that a palm tree at the equator is moving along with the ground at about 1,600 kilometers per hour, we have to ask, ”Revolution to what?” Well, how about relative to the center of Earth? That’s the only point on or inside the whole globe that isn’t moving around in circles. In other words, we’re taking the center of Earth as our “stationary” reference point. But wait a minute! Let’s stand back a little farther. The whole planet is moving around the sun at 17,100 kilometers per hour relative to the center of the sun, which we can take as our new reference point. But the sun itself is moving relative to other stars. And the stars are moving relative to the center of our galaxy. And our galaxy …. And on and on and on.
We found a close relationship in these regions between the transient structural grey-matter changes and the juggling performance. These findings were specific to the training stimulus,as the nonjugglers showed no change in grey matter over the same period. Our results contradict the traditionally held view that the anatomical structure of the adult human brain does not alter, except for changes in morphology caused by ageing or pathological conditions. Our findings indicate that learning-induced cortical plasticity is also reflected at a structural level.
MAGAZINE APRIL 30, 2001, VOL.157 NO.17 Sushi: It's On a Roll A dash of dashi, a mist of miso—Japanese ingredients have invaded Manhattan's kitchens By LISA TAKEUCHI CULLEN New York ALSO Wild Rice: Rocking the roll The chef hunkers over a circular cutting board, pushing a few small, rosy slices of raw lamb into a pile. Then Wayne Nish begins to chop until he's left with a mound of lamb tartar, which he molds into the shape of a bonbon and arranges on a square white plate, alongside an identical mound of tuna tartar. Between them he dribbles a cascade of osetra caviar, tiny shimmering globules the color of wet seaweed. Aside from a delicate sprig of cilantro, nothing else is on the plate. None of the ingredients is discernibly Japanese. And few customers would guess that the presentation derives from a kaiseki concept involving twin peaks hugging a waterfall. "A diner might not recognize the Japanese influence," says Nish, surveying his work in the kitchen of March, his exclusive Manhattan restaurant. "But the influence is significant."
The same could be said of the New York restaurant scene. Over the past decade, Japanese cuisine has seeped beyond the midtown sushi bars and into restaurants no diner would label Japanese, where the chefs are blond and the menus are in English. Kitchens are likely to begin a meal with salted edamame (soybean) in place of dinner rolls, serve fish raw rather than deep-fried and use soba instead of linguine. Sometimes the influence is as subtle as a drop of lemony ponzu whisked into a vinaigrette; other times it's as in-your-face as mashed potatoes creamed with wasabi, a dish so ubiquitous it's become a clichE. So many of the finest New York chefs work Japanese ingredients or techniques into their cooking that Ruth Reichl, editor-in-chief of Gourmet magazine and former New York Times restaurant reviewer, says: "I would say there are none that don't." The rest of the country is following suit. Half of all American adults have tried some form of Japanese food, according to the National Restaurant Association, and one in three has sampled sushi. The goddess of American homemakers, Martha Stewart, features miso and mirin in her recipes. Supermarkets from Philadelphia to Des Moines carry tofu, rice vinegar and ready-made California rolls, catering to increasingly health-conscious consumers. "You could say Japanese food has become an American food," says Hudson Riehly, a food industry expert.
Or perhaps American food has become Japanese. Undoubtedly the greatest effect Japanese food has had on American cuisine is to ease its reliance on fat as a taste booster. So it's ironic that the Japanese influence came to the U.S. by way of France, home of butter and foie gras. It all began around the '60s, when Japanese students at the great French cooking schools divulged their own trade secrets. Soon Parisian chefs had adopted such Japanese techniques as arranging food artfully in tiny portions. "The minimalism and simplicity, the sophistication of presentation appealed to chefs in three-star restaurants," says Jacques PEpin, French chef, cookbook author and TV host. "For that reason the Japanese influence was, I believe, far greater than that of Chinese cuisine." Americans were slower to embrace Japanese cuisine—or Japanese anything. "They first had to overcome the prejudice left over from World War II," says Leslie Brenner, author of American Appetites. But when nouvelle cuisine swept American metropolises, it carried along its strong Japanese component. When raw fish first appeared on West Coast plates, "it grossed people out," says Brenner. "Americans didn't eat tuna except out of a can before the '80s. Japanese food changed our relationship with fish."
In New York the first sushi bar opened its doors in 1963. But it wasn't until the '90s that New Yorkers truly discovered the vast world of Japanese cuisine that lay beyond raw fish on a rice ball—and began to make it their own. Transplanted Japanese chefs played an important role. Nobu Matsuhisa's Nobu restaurant introduced traditional Japanese recipes with a Peruvian twist, delighting the public and influencing chic kitchens of all types. "You see it in the emphasis on simplicity, purity and quality of product," says owner Drew Nieporent, a top New York restaurateur who also owns TriBeCa Grill, Montrachet and Heartbeat. With Nobu, New Yorkers' palates and vocabularies expanded. A decade ago, when Tadashi Ono became the executive chef at the renowned La Caravelle, the owners omitted any mention in the menu of ingredients like yuzu, a tart citrus fruit, and shiso, a mint-like herb, because the exotic terms intimidated diners. Today, at Ono's own restaurant, Sono, waiters proudly tout the yuzu cosmopolitan and shiso margarita. On a rare break from his kitchen, Ono greets customers in his restaurant's russet-colored dining area. He helped conceive the design, which with its chenille banquettes and straw-flecked walls looks like a cross between a Paris bistro and a Japanese teahouse. The chef even created the green- and brown-glazed plates, vases and cups in a pottery studio set up in the basement. The plates, too, have an East-West theme: a rough Japanese-influenced edge surrounds a perfect, Western-style circle.
If you had to label Sono, you'd call it French with a Japanese accent. Ono, a burly Tokyo native with slicked-back hair and a beard, trained at the four-star L'Orangerie in Los Angeles. "Japanese cuisine is a cuisine of ingredients; French cuisine is one of technique," he explains. "So I combine the two. I'll take pompano and marinate it in miso, which preserves and enhances the flavor. That's very Japanese. Then I'll turn to French technique in how I cook it." Ono points to his salmon dish: he cures the fish with salt and ginger, adds a pinch of green-tea powder as a counterpoint, then pan roasts it to a crispy finish. Above all, though, Sono is New York. Look for proof in a menu celebrating the Jewish holiday of Passover: matzo balls in miso soup, sansho pepper-crusted lamb, even gefilte fish quenelles with wasabi and beet juice. Ono concedes such extreme tampering with traditional recipes would be viewed as not quite kosher in Japan. But as Nish of March sees it, mixing and matching international cuisines is what Americans do best. Like many Americans, Nish himself is a mix. His ancestry happens to include Japanese (the name Nish is short for Nishimura, changed by his father to duck anti-Japanese sentiment). Growing up in Queens, Nish watched his father and his Maltese mother try to recreate dishes from home. "They always had to substitute ingredients," he recalls. "But that didn't mean the dish had less integrity. It's a practice as old as time; Marco Polo didn't sell spices from new countries with recipe books. It's simply evolution at work."
Darwin is alive and well in Nish's recipes. On a Thursday evening in the gleaming basement kitchen, a worker dots a carpaccio of lobster that rests on a shiso leaf with dollops of mentaiko, or spicy cod roe, and uni, or sea urchin. "The first time I made that, I thought I'd sell a couple to Japanese customers," Nish says. "Instead, it's become one of my most popular dishes." Another worker shaves thin circles of black truffle to decorate a wedge of hamachi, or yellowtail, sizzling in a pan of duck fat and bacon morsels. Nish scoffs at traditionalists in the U.S. who object to meddling with the sacred cows of Japanese cuisine. "The Japanese are very good at borrowing things and making it their own—even in their cooking," he says. "Tempura came from the Portuguese. It's been argued that even sushi was a Korean development. So why shouldn't we borrow from the Japanese and make it ours?" Chefs say one key reason to poach is the healthfulness of Japanese cuisine. Homing in on Americans' increasing attention to their bodies, restaurateur Nieporent tapped Michel Nischan to create a menu for his swanky Heartbeat restaurant in the W Hotel using no butter, cream or foie gras. "I was nervous," Nischan says. "Without those ingredients, people presume food won't taste good."
After some thought, he turned to Japanese recipes for inspiration. Heartbeat serves fluke sashimi, the transparent slices wrapped around cilantro and topped with sweet raw shrimp. Nischan sears his tuna tataki-style, drizzling the slices with vinaigrette and resting them on pieces of blood orange. A tea sommelier presents a lovely sencha, or Japanese green tea, to accompany the meal. "I've had a lot of skeptics give us big hugs," says Nischan, an affable father of five with a blond ponytail. "People say things like, I've got to eat sushi, I was at Peter Luger's [steak house] last night. Americans have realized Japanese food is healthful without sacrificing flavor." Few foods other than Japanese have the advantage of appearing both diet-friendly and trendy. Hipness rather than fitness was on Jonathan Moore's mind when he conceived of Bond Street, a superchic restaurant downtown. "Nobu has great food, but it's not a happening ambiance," says the Israeli-born Moore, with a dismissive air. "There was no Japanese restaurant that was really downtown cool." At Bond Street, rail-thin servers dressed in black glide around the three-story space, carrying lacquered trays of fanciful sushi combinations no Japanese diner would recognize. The sushi chefs, young Japanese expats, add to the din by shouting orders in unison. A Hispanic chef creates the hot entrEes—like soba risotto in smoked-trout butter under a mountain of shaved bonito flakes. "You see," says Moore proudly, "it's nothing like those places in midtown."
Trendiness aside, there is a limit to the adventurousness of American taste. Nish concedes that his customers stick to the old standbys when it comes to one category. "With traditional Japanese desserts, you get a tiny taste of something intensely sweet or you get the mild," he muses. "The philosophy is not to overwhelm your taste buds or your appetite once the meal is over. But Americans want their ice cream and chocolate cake." Ono found this out the hard way when he opened his restaurant last year. His first dessert menu offered kuzukiri, glassine noodles made from the starch of kudzu leaves. It flopped. "Alas," he says, "they were not ready yet."
The lion's leg was badly broken, a small bone sticking through the skin. I had no choice but to cut off the bone and sew up the wound. With the truck I pulled him under a tree. Later, before sunset, I brought food and water from the base camp and put it beside him. For ten days I brought food and water to Bones. He was recovering and becoming used to my presence. Bones and I became friends. On the eleventh day I heard the roar of another lion far away. Bones stood up, roared back in reply, and walked away into the Klahari. I was happy to have had the chance to help him. One day, about a week later, Bones returned. He came followed by his group. They sat under the trees near our base camp and watched up curiously. After that, they came often, and slowly they became used to us. By and by, our base camp became their playground. We grew very close to them, especially to Bones. We found him to be a brave fighter but, when he lay outside our tent, he was as gentle as a house cat. During our seven-year stay on the Kalahari, no one became closer to us than our dear friend Bones.
UNICORN 3-3です 3 When we finished, we asked for questions. One student said,"If you stop child labor in some countries, the whole economy may fall and many people will lose their jobs." Another student asked, "How can the rich people in the developed countries tell the poor people in the Third world how to raise their children? What will happen to those children after they are taken out of child labor?" Often we had to say that we didn't have an answer. Later that day, I wrote down every question that we couldn't answer. I called one of my older friends at the University of Toronto. He offered to check the University library for material on child labor. Our group read all the material he could find. Day by day, the answers began to build up. I put together a three-page letter to the class we had spoken to. It began:" Thank you very much for your challenging questions. We have done research on the problems you raised and have found some answers.If you have more questions , we will be more than happy to respond to them." We learned that knoeledge was our key.
UNICORN 3-4 です That summer I met Dr. Panuddha Boonpala, a woman from the International Labor Organization in Geneva. She had worked with child laborers in the streets and factories of Thailand. "If you really want to understand the problem of child labor," she told me, " then you should go to South Asia and meet the children yourself." In december that year I left on a 7-week trip to visit Bangladesh, Thailand , India Nepal, and Pakistan. During the trip I talked with a lot of working children. I met Iqubal's mother ,too I also took part in a demonstration against child labor and a raid on a carpet factory to free the children held there. My life is divided into two parts-Before I went to Asia and after. The trip changed me forever. I am still being strongly influenced by the things I saw and the people I met . Ny most unforgettable memories will always be those suffering children in South Asia : the face of the young girl who was separating the syringes; the eyes of the boy in a brick factory who told me he qas working to pay off a loan taken out by his grandfather.
お願いします。 The first know "map of the world"is a Babylonian clay tablet that dates from approximately 6 hundred years before Christ. This oval disk is tiny-about 3 by 5 inches-and draws the world as a circle with 2 lines running down the center, representing the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Encircling this is the Bitter River. Outside ties bounds dwell imaginary beasts, a mapmaker's work of the imagination to indicate the unknown, a tradition that continued for many centuries to come.
While that clay tablet from ancient Babylon represents what has been called the first known world map, there are much earlier maps from this area and others. A map of the Mesopotamian city of Lagash is cared in stone in the lap of a statue of a god, the oldest known "city map". Clay tablets showing settlements and geographic landmarks hae been found in northern Iraq and dated to 2300 B.C., the period of Sargon I of Akkad. These maps and others from about the same time in Egypt, show plants that undoubtedly were used for assessing property taxes.
Scientists used to think that the "sleeping brain" and the"waking brain" were quite different. They knew that the waking brain produces weak electrical currents, but they thought the sleeping brain was quiet and not working. In 1953,however, an American scientist, Eugene Aserinsky tried to "listen" to the brain of his sleeping 8-year-old son. While his son was sleeping, he used a machine which could record the electrical currents of the brain as wavy patterns on a piece of paper. Every few hours, the pen of the machine moved quickly across the paper. He noticed the boy's eyes moving rapidly under his eyelids. Aserinsky did not know what to think of this. He woke his son during one of these strange movements, and the child told his father he had been dreaming. Aserinsky had discoverd\ed rapid eye movement sleep, or REM sleep. Most dreams happen during this kind of sleep. Anew age of dream research started with this discovery.
Everybody seemes to be very pleased when talking to me. "You are getting to be very Japanese"they used to tell me while smiling. Well,I thought,the English might sound strange to me. However,it is very close to the way people speak here. So I kept talking that way for quite a while. 日本滞在中の英人が著者のお話です。 おながいします。
雑誌2001年4月30日号157巻17番 寿司:それはうまくいっている。(巻き寿司にのっている) Sushi: It's On a Roll だしのダッシュ(元気)、味噌のミスト(霧)←(頭韻)…日本の食材はマンハッタンの 台所を侵略した。 ニューヨークのリサ・タケウチ・カルンのリポート そしてまた 野生の米(とんでもない米?):ロックンロール(巻き寿司を揺さぶって)
クラウンUレッスン8セクション3 和訳おねがいします☆☆ Sakamoto: I never dreamed that I would go with Chris to Mozambique, and to the very place where he had lost his arm and leg. Through Chris I learned that the landmine is a thing that “does not know peace,” and how much it can damage people’s lives. Redglare: How did this mine issue become connected to your music? Sakamoto: First of all, I looked at the maps of countries where people are being killed and injured by landmines. Korea, Cambodia, Angola, Mozambique. I became interested in the music that was being listened to in those countries. I searched the Internet. I read books. I just wondered how to put it all together in music. Of course, it would not do to destroy the native characteristics of the cultures no matter how serious you might be. But many of the participating musicians shared the belief that removing landmines is one step toward ending the old-fashioned idea that problems can be solved by violence.
>>627 Sakamoto: I never dreamed that I would go with Chris to Mozambique, Sakamoto:私は、クリスと一緒にモザンビークに行き、 and to the very place where he had lost his arm and leg. 彼が腕と足を失った、まさにその場所を訪れようとは思っていませんでした。 Through Chris I learned that the landmine is a thing that “does not know peace,” クリスを通じて私は、地雷は「平和を知らない」ものであり、 and how much it can damage people’s lives. どれだけ人々の生活に損害を与えているかを知りました。 Redglare: How did this mine issue become connected to your music? Redglare:この爆弾の問題は、どのくらいあなたの音楽につながっているんですか? Sakamoto: First of all, I looked at the maps of countries where people are Sakamoto:第一に、地雷によって傷つき死んでいる人がいる国の being killed and injured by landmines. Korea, Cambodia, Bosnia, Angola, Mozambique. 地図を見ました。韓国やカンボジア、ボスニア、アンゴラ、モザンビークなど。 I became interested in the music that was being listened to in those countries. 私はこれらの国で聞かれている音楽に興味を持ちました。 I searched the Internet. I read books. インターネットで調べ、本も読みました。 I just wondered how to put it all together in music. 私はすべてを音楽にまとめることができないかと考えていました。 Of course, it would not do to destroy the native characteristics もちろん、どんなにあなたが真面目であろうと、 of the cultures no matter how serious you might be. 文化の生来の特徴を失わせることは好ましくありません。 But many of the participating musicians shared the belief しかし参加する多くのミュージシャンは、 that removing landmines is one step toward ending the old-fashioned idea 地雷を取り除くことは、問題は暴力で解決できるという that problems can be solved by violence. 時代遅れの考え方をやめさせるための第一歩になると信じあっています。
Our hosts in San Francisco were very kind and showed us examples of modern industry. We were taken to a sugar factory and had the operation explained to us. I am sure that our hosts thought they were showing us something entirely new, looking for our surprise at each new device of modern engineering. But there was really nothing new, at least to me. I knew all about how sugar was made. I had been studying nothing else but science ever since I had entered Ogata's school.
Rather, I was surprised by entirely different things in American life. First of all, there seemed to be an enormous waste of iron everywhere. In garbage plies, on the shores - everywhere - I found lying old oil tins, empty cans, and broken machines. This was amazing to us, for in Edo, after a fire, lots of people would come into the streets to look for pieces of iron. よろしくお願いします。
Things social, political, and economic were the most difficult to understand. One day, on a sudden thought, I asked a gentleman where the descendants of George Washington might be. He replied, "I think there is a woman who is descended from Washington. I dont't know where she is now, but I think I have heard she is married." His answer was so casual that it shocked me.
Of course, I knew that America had a new president every four years, but I could not help feeling that the family of Washington would be respected above all other families. My thinking was based on the respect in japan for leyasu of the Tokugawa familiy of Shoguns. So I remember about the Washington family.
on our southern route back to japan, the wether was good. We arrived at Uraga on the morning of the fifth of May. As it was the rule that every ship coming in must stop first at Uraga, we got off there for the first call on our own shores. We had gone without bathing for many days since the water suppy had run so low that we had only enough for a mouth wash. We were looking forward to shaving our foreheads and bathing to our heart's content.
Longmore's first visit seemed to open to him so large a range of quiet pleasure that he very soon paid a second, and at the end of a fortnight had spent uncounted hours in the little drawing-room which Madame de Mauves rarely quitted except to drive or walk in the forest. She lived in an old-fashioned pavilion, between a high-walled court and an excessively artificial garden, beyond whose enclosure you saw a long line of tree-tops. Longmore liked the garden and in the mild afternoons used to move his chair through the open window to the smooth terrace which overlooked it while his hostess sat just within. Presently she would come out and wander through the narrow alleys and beside the thin- spouting fountain, and at last introduce him to a private gate in the high wall, the opening to a lane which led to the forest.
2 Hitherwards she more than once strolled with him, bareheaded and meaning to go but twenty rods, but always going good-naturedly further and often stretching it to the freedom of a promenade. They found many things to talk about, and to the pleasure of feeling the hours slip along like some silver stream Longmore was able to add the satisfaction of suspecting that he was a "resource" for Madame de Mauves. He had made her acquaintance with the sense, not wholly inspiring, that she was a woman with a painful twist in her life and that seeking her acquaintance would be like visiting at a house where there was an invalid who could bear no noise. But he very soon recognised that her grievance, if grievance it was, was not aggressive; that it was not fond of attitudes and ceremonies, and that her most earnest wish was to remember it as little as possible.
He felt that even if Mrs. Draper hadn't told him she was unhappy he would have guessed it, and yet that he couldn't have pointed to his proof. The evidence was chiefly negative--she never alluded to her husband. Beyond this it seemed to him simply that her whole being was pitched in a lower key than harmonious Nature had designed; she was like a powerful singer who had lost her high notes. She never drooped nor sighed nor looked unutterable things; she dealt no sarcastic digs at her fate; she had in short none of the conscious graces of the woman wronged. Only Longmore was sure that her gentle gaiety was but the milder or sharper flush of a settled ache, and that she but tried to interest herself in his thoughts in order to escape from her own. If she had wished to irritate his curiosity and lead him to take her confidence by storm nothing could have served her purpose better than this studied discretion. He measured the rare magnanimity of self-effacement so deliberate, he felt how few women were capable of exchanging a luxurious woe for a thankless effort. Madame de Mauves, he himself felt, wasn't sweeping the horizon for a compensation or a consoler; she had suffered a personal deception that had disgusted her with persons. She wasn't planning to get the worth of her trouble back in some other way; for the present she was proposing to live with it peaceably, reputably and without scandal--turning the key on it occasionally as you would on a companion liable to attacks of insanity.
unicorn english courseU Lesson4-4 The lion's leg was badly broken, a small bone sticking through the skin. I had no choice but to cut off the bone and sew up the wound. With the truck I pulled him under a tree. Later, before sunset, I brought food and water from the base camp and put it beside him. For ten days I brought food and water to Bones. He was recovering and becoming used to my presence. Bones and I became friends. On the eleventh day I heard the roar of another lion far away. Bones stood up, roared back in reply, and walked away into the Klahari. I was happy to have had the chance to help him. One day, about a week later, Bones returned. He came followed by his group. They sat under the trees near our base camp and watched up curiously. After that, they came often, and slowly they became used to us. By and by, our base camp became their playground. We grew very close to them, especially to Bones. We found him to be a brave fighter but, when he lay outside our tent, he was as gentle as a house cat. During our seven-year stay on the Kalahari, no one became closer to us than our dear friend Bones.
Powwow Lesson2-3 Their relations with the other elephants also improved, and Dika no longer bullied them. Out in the forest, Ndume was always close to Olmeg. On their way back to the stables, Malaika always led the way, the other elephants following her peacefully. Feeding Ndume and Malaika was not easy. For example, their milk had to be just the right temperature. If it was too hot or too cold, they refused to drink it. Jill and I became experts at testing the temperature. We always prepared a pan of hot water to keep their bottles just right. After the feeding they usually tumbled down to rub their bodies in the mud. Elephants often coat their skin with mud, because it keeps them cool and protects them from insects. The inner tube of a tractor tire provided Ndume and Malaika with hours of fun. They enjoyed themselves, bouncing, climbing, and sometimes sleeping on it. Now our days were filled with happiness and laughter. の訳をどうかお願いします。
Lesson7-3 The human cost of the loss of plants would be even more terrible. Plants provide food, fuel, and building materials. Plants are the source of a great many medicines. Already, 25 percent of our medicines come from plants. Yet less than one-fifth of the world’s plants have been studied for the possible benefits they could bring. We have to keep in mind that plants are often lot before we know anything about how much good they could bring to society.
If a plant should become extinct in the wild, with its seeds kept in a seed bank, it will not be lost forever. Seed banks are also a very efficient means of conserving plants, because the seeds take very little space and require little attention. Many thousands of seeds can be stored for each species in a seed bank. As many seeds as there are people in a city could be conserved in a single bottle!
The seeds stored in seed banks could be used in the future to restore environments, or to increase numbers of endangered plants in the wild. They can be used in scientific research to find new ways in which plants benefit society such as in medicine, agriculture, or industry.
A month later Malaika became very sick. She started to move around madly. She would't drink her milk. Her bones showed, her eyes no longer sparkled, and her little trunk stopped moving from side to side. Her energy was disappearing. She got worse and worse. Little was known about elephant diseases. We were at a lose what to do. When we saw Malaika eating lumps of earth, we added minerals to her milk, thinking that she needed more of them. Unlike the Nairobi soil, we knew the Tsavo soil was rich in minerals. Daphne told me to go there and bring some back for Malaika. She also knew that baobab bark- also found in Tsavo- had over 90 trace elements in it. She thought the bark might be good for Malaika. I knew which tree I could take the bark from. I had often looked at this tree. I stopped beside it on the way to Tsavo. It was an old tree, three hundred years or more, and I felt it was filled with wisdom and goodness. I hated taking any bark from it, but I took some for Malaika. の訳をお願いします。
I learned about racism firsthand from the Marmon family. My great-grandfather endured the epithet "Squaw Man." Once when he and two of his young sons (my Grandpa Hank and his brother, Frank) walked through the lobby of Albuquerque's only hotel to reach the cafe inside, the hotel manager stopped my great-grandfather. He told my great-grandf ather that he was welcome to walk through the lobby, but when he had "I ndians" with him, he should use the back door. My great-grandfather inf ormed him that the "Indians" were his sons and then he left, and never went into the hotel again.
There were branches of the Marmon family which, although Laguna, still felt they were better than the rest of us Marmons and the rest of the Lagunas as well. Grandpa Hank's sister, Aunt Esther, was beautiful and vain and light-skinned; she boarded at the Sherman Institute in Rivers ide, California, where my grandfather and other Indian students were t aught trades. But Aunt Esther did not get along with the other Indian girls; she refused to speak to them or to have anything to do with the m. So she was allowed to attend a Riverside girls school with white gi rls. My grandfather, who had a broad nose and face and "looked Indian, " told the counselor at Sherman that he wanted to become an automobile designer. He was told by the school guidance counselor that Indians weren't able to design automobiles; they taught him to be a store clerk.
I learned about racism firsthand when I started school. We were punished if we spoke the Laguna language once we crossed onto the school grounds. Every fall, all of us were lined up and herded like cattle to the girls' and boys' bathrooms where our heads were drenched with smelly insecticide regardless of whether we had lice or not. We were vaccinated in both arms without regard to our individual immunization records.
But what I remember most clearly are the white tourists who used to come to the school yard to take our pictures. They would give us kids each a nickel, so naturally when we saw tourists get out of their cars with cameras, we all wanted to get in the picture. Then one day when I was older, in the third grade, white tourists came with cameras. All of my playmates started to bunch together to fit in the picture, and I was right there with them maneuvering myself into the group when I saw the tourist look at me with a particular expression. I knew instantly he did not want me to be in the picture; I stayed close to my playmates hoping that I had misread the man's face. But the tourists motioned for me to move away to one side, out of his picture. I remember my playmates looked puzzled, but I knew why the man did not want me in his picture: I looked different from my playmates. I was part white and he didn't want me to spoil his snapshots of "Indians." After that incident, the arrival of tourists with cameras at our school filled me with anxiety. I would stand back and watch the expres sions on the tourists' faces before trying to join my playmates in the pic ture. Most times the tourists were kindly and did not seem to notice my dif ference, and they would motion for me to join my classmates; but now and th en, there were tourists who looked relieved that I did not try to join in the group picture.
The Border Patrol exercises a power that no highway patrol or county sheriff possesses: the Border Patrol can detain anyone they wish for no reason at all. A policeman or sheriff needs to have some shred of probable cause, but not the Border Patrol. In fact, they stop people with indio-hispanic characteristics, and they target cars in which white people travel with brown people. Recent reports of illegal immigration by people of Asian ancestry mean that the Border Patrol now routinely detain anyone who looks Asian. Once you have been stopped at a Border Patrol checkpoint, you are under the control of the Border Patrol agent; the refusal to obey any order by the Border Patrol agent means you have broken the law and may be arrested for failure to obey a federal officer. Once the car is stopped, they ask you to step out of the car; then they ask you to open the trunk. If you ask them why or request a search warrant, they inform you that it will take them three or four hours to obtain a search warrant. They make it very clear that if you force them to get a search warrant they will strip-search your body as well as your car and luggage. On this particular day I was due in Albuquerque, and I did not have the four hours to spare. So I opened my car trunk, but not without using my right to free speech to tell them what I thought of them and their police state procedures. "You are not wanted here," I shouted at them, and they seemed astonished. "Only a few years ago we used to be able to move freely within our own country," I said. "This is our home. Take all this back where you came from. You are not wanted here."
どなたか↓おねがいします。 Scarcely a year later, my friend and I were driving south from Albuquerque, returning to Tucson after a paperback book promotion. There are no Border Patrol detention areas on the southbound lanes of I-25, so I settled back and went to sleep while Gus drove. I awakened when I felt the car slowing to a stop. It was nearly midnight on New Mexico State Road 26, a dark lonely stretch of two-lane highway between Hatch and Deming. When I sat up, I saw the headlights and emergency flashers of six vehicles--Border Patrol cars and a Border Patrol van blocked both lanes of the road. Gus stopped the car and rolled down his window to ask what was wrong. But the Border Patrolman and his companion did not reply; instead the first officer ordered us to "step out of the car." Gus asked why we had to get out of the car. His question seemed to set them off--two more Border Patrolmen immediately approached the car and one of them asked, "Are you looking for trouble?" as if he would relish the opportunity.
I will never forget that night beside the highway. There was an awful feeling of menace and of violence straining to break loose. It was clear that they would be happy to drag us out of the car if we did not comply. So we both got out of the car and they motioned for us to stand on the shoulder of the road. The night was very dark, and no other traffic had come down the road since they had stopped us. I thought how easy it would be for the Border Patrolmen to shoot us and leave our bodies and car beside the road. There were two other Border Patrolmen by the van. The man who had asked if we were looking for trouble told his partner to "get the dog," and from the back of the white van another Border Patrolman brought a small female German shepherd on a leash. The dog did not heel well enough to suit him, and I saw the dog's handler jerk the leash. They opened the doors of our car and pulled the dog's head into the car, but I saw immediately from the expression in her eyes that the dog hated them, and she would not serve them. When she showed no interest in the inside of the car, they brought her around back to the trunk near where we were standing. They half-dragged her up into the trunk, but still she did not indicate stowed-away humans or illegal drugs.
The cosmology of the Pueblo people is all-inclusive; long before the arrival of the Spaniards in the Americas, the Pueblo and other indigenous communities knew that the Mother Creator had many children in faraway places. The ancient stories include all people of the Earth, so when the Spaniards marched into Laguna in 1540, the inclination still was to include rather than to exclude the strangers even though the people had heard frightening stories and rumors about the white men. My great-grandmother and the people of her generation were always very curious and took delight in learning odd facts and strange but true stories. The old-time people believed that we must keep learning as much as we can all of our lives. So the people set out to learn if there was anything at all good in these strangers; because they had never met any humans who were completely evil. Sure enough, it was true with these strangers too; some of them had evil hearts, but many were good human beings.
CROWN Reading1 When I was a little girl in first grade,our teacher used to make us play The Imagination Game. She would tell us to close our eyse. Then she would begin to talk about something: a walk in the woods, a visit to a foreign country. “What do you see?" she would ask. My classmate would call out,“Trees! Flowers! The Great Wall!" Then the teacher would let us open our eyes. “This is the wonderfl power of imagination," she would tell us. "With your imagination you can travel to foreign lands without ever leaving your home, you can see things no one else has ever seen, you can fly above the clouds!" Then she would tell us to close our eyes, and we would play The Imagination Game again.
The only problem was, I never saw anything ― just darkness. Sometimes I would look at my classmates from the corner of my eye. There they would be, sitting on the floor with their little fingers pressed against their eyes. I thought of the wonderful things they must be seeing: Chinese men all in black with red shoes that turned up at the tips; a crocodile looking our of a river; a little man with red eyes looking out from under a funny hat and then disappearing into a deep hole in the ground. Why couldn't I see these things? I closed my eyes again. Blackness. One day I told my teacher. "You know when we play The Imagination Game?" I said. "Well,I don't see anything." "You don't see anything?" she asked. "Just the dark," I said.
A: Try to find awning or tree to stand under.You'd prefer to let your foe rant and rave until they tire out,then calmly present your case.Some would say this is fair and practical-but little do they know that this is your way of controlling the situation.
B: Make a run for it. You don't care about the outcome of the fight,as you get your punches in. If the other person's angry,you just get angrier. This makes you a very tough opponent,but at least it's easy to tell whwew you stand on the issue.
C: Look for an umbrella to share or try to buy one.You're conflict-resistant. When a battle erupts,you try to make peace and calm your opponent down,But your tendency to sweep differences under carpet can make them messier than if you faced them head-on.
D: Always have an umbrella on hand,You seem to have a ready-made answer for every situation.To you,an argument is just a chance to exhibit ypu keen debating skills.But to others,you can come across as proud,stubborn and frustrating.
Kelly: Hello,Dylan.Don't you have a case to solve?
Dylan: well,I tried to outrun my past,but it caught up with me yesterday. And I put my frinds in danger.
Kelly : They're in more danger now without you.
Dylan: Natalie and Alex are gonna replace me with someone great a real angel.Not someone who's pretending to be something she's not.
Kelly: You past is what makes you who you are,Dylan. Don't forget that Charlie chose ypu a reason. Angels are like diamonds.They can't be made. You have to find them,Each one is unique.
As I approached the house, I tried very hard not to imagine the worst. "Losing an elephant is like losing a cherished friend," I said to myself. The moment I came back and saw Jill, I knew Malaika was still alive. Once there came a moment when Daphne felt it was only a matter of hours before Malaika would die. Miraculously, however, Malaika stared to show an interest in her bottle again. After that she got better day by day. As time passed, Ndume and Malaika came to enjoy their mud play more and more. Kalaika especially liked it. She was always the first to go in and the last to come out. Their favorite game was cilmbing on top of each other. They played with Sam, the rhino, too. The two species formed an unusual friendship, since they were raised together. In December 1990, Jill and I drove two trucks to Tsavo, carrying a family of four elephants. Ndume and Malaika were among them. It took us seven hours to arrive in Tsavo. How wonderful it was to stand on that Tsavo soil and watch the little elephants go out the back of our trucks! We were returning these friendly creatures to where they belonged-elephant country. の訳をお願いします
She called my mother in for a talk. "Your child doesn't seem to have any imagination,"she told her. "Of course, she will learn in other ways. She can study math and the sciences. But I'm afraid it will be a terrible problem to her in life." My mother didn't seem to too worried. But I was worried. I wanted to travel to faraway lands, see things no one else had ever seen, and fly above the clouds like my classmates. I practiced at home. I would sit in my room and play The Imagination Game. I would tell myself stories. Then I would shut my eyes tight. Nothing. Finally there came a day when I did see something. Behind one eye I spotted a squiggle. When I looked down, it moved. "This is it!" I thought. "I do have some imagination! If I just try hard enough,I can make it turn into a cow in a field of grass or a girl in a red dress picking a white flower." But then I looked up too far,and the squiggle disappeared.
After a while I gave up. When they played The Imagination Game, I would just sit quietly with my eyes closed. Sometimes just for the fun of it, I would call out something. "An eagle catching a fish!"I would say. "I see a boy and a brown cow!" The teacher would say, "Very good!" and I would feel guilty.
Then one day she told us a story about a mermaid. The mermaid was very beautiful, and men feel in love with her at first sight.
Wednesday morning dawned. It was the best day for picnic. Anne came to the kitchen and said to Marilla. "Marilla, I'm ready to confess. I took the brooch just as you said. It looked so beautiful that I wanted to take it to Idlewild near the green field,and imagine that I was Lady Cordelia. I thought I could put it back before you came home. But on my way back when I unpinned it on the bridge, it slipped out of my hand and went down into take lake. Now that my confession is over, I can go to the picnic, can't I ?" "Anne, this is terrible. I can't believe it." "I know I must be punished, Marilla. So punish me now. I'd like to go to the picnic with nothing on my mind." "Picnic,indeed! You won't go to the picnic today." "Not go to the picnic! But you promised me." "You're not going to the picnic, and that's all. No, not a word!"
Marilla and Matthew had lunch in an awkward silence on that day. Anne did not come down. She said she did not want to eat. After lunch Marilla remembered that she had to mend her shawl. The shawl was in her trunk. As she lifted it out, she found that something was hanging on it. It was her brooch. Marilla gasped, " What does this mean?" She took it and went to Anne's room. "Anne, the brooch was hanging on my shawl, not deep in the lake. What did you mean by that Lady Cordelia story of yours?" "Why, you said you'd keep me here until I confess. So I made up a story." " Oh, you do beat all. But I am sorry. I was wrong. Now you can go to the picnic." "Isn't it too late, Marilla?" "No. It's only two o'clock." While Marilla helped Anne to go out, she said to herself, "Anne is hard to understand sometimes. But one thing is certain-life with her in Green Gables will never be dull."
Even if the small foam fragment did hit, engineers believe the impact caused no damage of concern, said deputy shuttle program manager Wayne Hale. "This is the closest to a potential hit that we have out of all the data we've got," Hale said at an evening press conference. That's why it generated "a great deal of interest," he added. Despite the latest development, officials said Discovery still looks safe to fly home in a week, but stressed it will be another few days before the space agency can conclusively give the shuttle a clean bill of health. The astronauts awoke just before midnight Thursday, ready to continue work to unload 15 tons of cargo onto the space station, do some additional surveys of the shuttle and prepare for the mission's first spacewalk on Saturday.
Mission Control received stunningly detailed photographs of Discovery taken by the crew aboard the international space station early Thursday. The shuttle executed an unprecedented backflip to bare its belly to the cameras before docking with the space station. NASA wanted to make sure Discovery did not suffer the kind of mortal wound that brought down Columbia in 2003. "Everything we know at this point in time, I don't see anything that would keep us from being able to re-enter," said Steve Poulos, manager of the orbiter project office. On Wednesday, NASA suspended all further shuttle flights after learning that a big piece of foam insulation weighing just short of a pound came flying off Discovery's external fuel tank in an alarming repeat of the problem that doomed Columbia. It missed Discovery. The small bit of foam that may have hit Discovery's right wing came off about 20 seconds after the big piece, and was from the same general area, Hale said. None of the wing sensors detected anything unusual there, and a laser-tipped inspection boom also did not pick up any damage. Camera views during liftoff were inconclusive because the foam tumbled out of sight. NASA already has run tests showing that if the foam did strike the wing, it would have exerted just one-tenth of the energy needed to cause worrisome damage, Hale said. "So we feel very good about this," he said, noting that "we're going to find the source of these problems and resolve them."
All that remains before NASA can clear Discovery and its seven astronauts for landing is an inspection Friday by a new laser-tipped boom that will provide 3-D views of scraped thermal tiles on the shuttle's belly. The 100-foot crane will be able to determine the depth of what looks to be surface-coating damage, said John Shannon, flight operations manager. One of the areas of biggest interest is a chipped thermal tile near the set of doors for the nose landing gear. If everything checks out as NASA expects, then Discovery will be free to return to Earth on Aug. 7 as planned, following an eight-day space station visit. Shuttle managers were stunned after seeing video images of the large piece of foam shooting off the fuel tank two minutes after Tuesday's liftoff. It weighed about half as much as the piece that slammed into Columbia's left wing and was irregular in shape, at 24 to 33 inches across.
It was not until Wednesday, after viewing more video and still images from space, that managers knew where the foam came from. The foam broke off an area meant to protect cables and pressurization lines running down the length of the 15-story fuel tank, not even close to the location of Columbia's broken insulation. Three smaller pieces of foam broke off the same vicinity of Discovery's fuel tank, including a 7-inch-long chunk that missed Discovery and the fragment that may have went into the wing. Shuttle managers considered modifying the area after Columbia's catastrophic re-entry on Feb. 1, 2003. But they put it off because they had had little trouble with the foam there in the past, and it was a relatively easy area to check for air pockets that might cause the insulation to pop off during launch. Shannon said that decision was based on limited flight data. Engineers had no good tank images from more than 50 of the 113 previous shuttle launches; of the remainder, only one liftoff resulted in foam loss from that area and it was attributed to a previous repair.
"As everybody who's come up here in the last two days has said, we were wrong and we missed something and we have to go figure out what it was and go fix it," Shannon said. "Whether that's just changing techniques or redesign, we don't know." Until the problem is fully understood and resolved, NASA has decreed that no more shuttles will be launched. The grounding cast a pall over Mission Control and the rest of the space program. Flight director Paul Hill gave his team a pep talk before Discovery started making its final approach to the space station, reminding them, "We have a job to do. We have a crew that is relying on us." Still ahead are three spacewalks by Discovery's astronauts, supply transfers between the two linked spacecraft, the shuttle's undocking, and its descent back to Earth. "We don't have the luxury of sitting around and thinking about what does this mean to the program, or what are we going to do after" Discovery's mission, Hill said. He added, "It's all about taking care of Eileen Collins and her crew."
エクシードT P41 Marilla told Matthew the story the next morning. Matthew always took Anne's side. "Didn't the brooch fall down behind the bureau?" asked Matthew. "I moved the bureau, and I took out the drawers. I looked in every corner of my room." "Ummm...I wonder..." "Is anything wrong with my way of looking?" "No, I don't mean that." By the evening Marilla came to think that Anne was telling a lie. "Anne, you'll stay in this room until you confess." "But the picnic is tomorrow, Marilla," cried Anne. "You won't keep me from going to the picnic, will you? I'm looking forward to going. I can go to the picnic, can't I, Marilla? Then I'll stay here as long as you like." "You'll not go to the picnic, nor anywhere else until you confees." "Oh, Marilla," gasped Anne.
The greatest obstacle in science to investigating animal behavior has been a strong desire to avoid anthropomorphism. Anthropomorphism means the assigning of human characteristics―thought, feeling, consciousness, and motivation―to the nonhuman. When people claim that the weather is trying to ruin their picnic or that a tree is their friend, they are anthropomorphizing. Few believe that the weather is being unkind to them, but anthropomorphic ideas about animals are held more widely. Outside scientific circles, it is common to speak of the thoughts and feelings of pets and of wild animals. Yet many scientists regard even the idea that animals feel pain as the worst sort of anthropomorphic error. Science considers anthropomorphism toward animals a grave mistake, even a sin. It is common in science to speak of "committing" anthropomorphism. The term originally was religious, referring to the assigning of human form or characteristics to God. In an article on anthropomorphism in the 1908 Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, the author writes: "The tendency to regard objects as persons―whether objects of sense or objects of thought―which is found in animals and children as well as in savages, is the origin of anthropomorphism." Men, the idea goes, create gods in their own images. Thus a German philosopher once remarked that God is nothing but our projection, on a heavenly screen, of the essence of man. In science, assigning human characteristics to animals is a violation of principle. Just as humans could not be like God, now animals cannot be like humans.
To accuse a scientist of anthropomorphism is to make a severe criticism of unreliability. It is regarded as a species-confusion, a forgetting of the line between subject and object. To assign thoughts or feeling to a creature known incapable of them, would, indeed, be a problem. But to give to an animal emotions such as joy or sorrow is only anthropomorphic error if one knows that animals cannot feel such emotions. Many scientists have made this decision, but not on the basis of evidence. The situation is not so much that emotion is denied but that it is regarded as too dangerous to be part of the scientific discussion. As a result, no one but the most noted scientists would risk their reputations in writing about this area. Thus many scientists may actually believe that animals have emotions, but be unwilling not only to say that they believe it, but unwilling to study it or encourage their students to investigate it. They may also attack other scientists who try to use the language of emotion. Nonscientists who seek to retain scientific accuracy must act carefully.
The real problem underlying many of the criticisms of anthropomorphism is actually anthropocentrism. Placing humans at the center of all interpretation, observation, and concern, and powerful men at the center of that, has led to some of the worst errors in science. Anthropocentrism treats animals as lower forms than people and denies what they really are. It reflects a passionate wish to separate ourselves from animals, to make animals other, presumably in order to maintain the human at the top of the evolutionary scale and of the food chain. The idea that animals are wholly other from humans, despite our common roots, is more irrational than the idea that they are like us. Idealizing animals is another kind of anthropocentrism, although not nearly as frequent as treating them as if they were lower or evil creatures. The belief that animals have all the virtues which humans wish to have and none of our faults, is anthropocentric, because at the center of this kind of thinking, there is a strong mistaken idea about the wicked ways of humans, which emphasizes contrasts with humans. In this sentimental view the natural world is a place without war and murder, and animals never lie, cheat, or steal. This view is not confirmed by reality. The act of deceiving has been observed in animals from elephants to foxes. Ants take slaves. Chimpanzees may attack other bands of chimpanzees, without any outside threats and with deadly intent. Male lions, when they join a group, often kill young ones who were fathered by other lions.
UNICORNU Lesson6−1の一部です。お願いします。 according to paul, the four trees standing beside the cathedral in the center of the town symbolize the four ships in which the original settlers came to christchurch
chosen by the church of England, about 800 settlers arrived at the end of 1850.
i wish i had studied the history of Christchurch more thoroughly before i came.
UNICORNU Lesson6−2です。お願いします。 Jane planned to have a potluck party this evening so I could meet some of her friends. I asked Jane what a potluck party was. She told me that at a potluck party, each guest brings one dish. She asked me to make some Japanese food, so I decided to make make some Japanese food, so I decided to make tempura. We went to the supermarket to buy fish and vegetables. Compared to Japan, I was surprised that everything was so cheap. Around 6:00, the guests began to arrive one by one. There were about 12 guests in all. Each person had brought something to eat - lamb with mint sauce, a big salad, a cheesecake, and many other things. My temura was very popular. Especially the shrimp and sweet potato tempura disappeared quickly. Many of the guests asked me how to make it. I wrote down the recipe and they said they were looking forward to making it themselves sometime soon.
UNICORNU Lesson6−3です。お願いします。 New Zealand is famous for its dairy and sheep farms. Yesterday I signed up to take a tour of a sheep farm. They show us many things around the farm, including how they shear the sheap. Paul gave me a ride to the cathedral, gave me a ride to the cathedral, where the tour bus was supposed to pick us up. Paul is a quiet man, but very nice. The tour bus departed at 9:00. As we left the town, we were surrounded by wide, green fields. I could see hundreds of sheep to the left and to the right. We pulled up at one of the farms and over homemade cookies and tea, we listened to the owner of the farm explain about the farm. He told us about the sheep dogs, sheep shearing, and the nature of the sheep sheep shearing, and the nature of the sheep - now timid they are. HE uses two kinds of dogs to control and drive the sheep. Both kinds run quickly around the sheep, but one kind drives them by barking loudly, while the other kind uses the fierce look in their eyes to control them.
UNICORNU Lesson6−4です。お願いします。 Today we went to visit Pauls brother, Kerry. Kerry runs a farm, a one-hour drive from Christchurch. After we arrived, Kerrys daughter Lisa told me about the farm animals and machines. she is very interested in Japan and is now studying Japanese language at school. Someday she hopes to go to Japan as an exchange student. We had a great time talking and eating blueberry muffins fresh from the oven. Then we went to Pauls mothers house to pick her up. She wanted to visit a hot spring in Hammer Springs. There were many kinds of baths. I was surprised to find that some were like swimming pools. Others, however, were quite similar to those in Japan, There were seven pools outside and big locker rooms inside. The water in the pools was not nearly as hot as in the pools was not nearly as hot as it is in Japan. On the way home we stopped at a nice park, where we ate the sandwiches we had made early this morning. The view of the mountains and the river was fantastic. Finally arriving home in the evening, I felt it had been a very long, but enjoyable day.
777UNICORNU Lesson6−3の訂正です。お願いします。 New Zealand is famous for its dairy and sheep farms. Yesterday I signed up to take a tour of a sheep farm. They show us many things around the farm, including how they shear the sheep. Paul gave me a ride to the cathedral, where the tour bus was supposed to pick us up. Paul is a quiet man, but very nice. The tour bus departed at 9:00. As we left the town, we were surrounded by wide, green fields. I could see hundreds of sheep to the left and to the right. We pulled up at one of the farms and over homemade cookies and tea, we listened to the owner of the farm explain about the farm. He told us about the sheep dogs, sheep shearing, and the nature of the sheep - how timid they are. He uses two kinds of dogs to control and drive the sheep. Both kinds run quickly around the sheep, but one kind drives them by barking loudly, while the other kind uses the fierce look in their eyes to control them.
A hearing on the prearranged, Chapter 11 filing by Atkins Nutritionals Inc. was scheduled for Monday in U.S. Bankruptcy Court, spokesman Richard Rothstein said Sunday. The privately held company, founded in 1989 by Dr. Atkins, said it had reached an agreement with the majority of its lenders to give them equity in exchange for lowered debt. The company, which sells Atkins-brand nutrition bars, shakes and candy as well as offering low-carb diet information, has been hurt by waning popularity of its namesake approach, which focuses on eliminating carbohydrates such as bread and pasta to shed weight. The diet became one of the most popular in U.S. history, spawning a virtual cottage industry of low-carb regimens — but also drew criticism from experts for its focus on fatty foods and low fruit and vegetable consumption. The Atkins company owes $300 million in outstanding principal and interest, Rothstein said. The company said it had received $25 million in financing to operate during the bankruptcy proceedings, which it said would not affect day-to-day operations. President and CEO Mark S. Rodriguez said the company has in the past year "adjusted our organization to accommodate a smaller business" and will promote its brands "more broadly for consumers who are concerned about heath and wellness."
This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers,the main purpose of which is to increase the amount of foods grown in commercial farming areas. Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry:there are battery farms,for example,where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better then rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food,but they also produce eggs whichlack important vitamins.
P40 If you spent much time around Georgetown in recent years, I am sure you saw him. He was the big German shepherd with the sweet face. Most likely, you saw him on the street, moving around in his wheelchair. His name was “Sonntag,” meaning Sunday in German. He was my dog.If you were one of the people who saw us together, you may have smiled, commented or asked one of the questions I was asked so many times. Maybe you were the man who stopped his car, got out, applauded and shouted, “Bravo.” Or perhaps, you were one of the many people who shook my hand.
In the beginning, those of you who asked, “What happened to your dog?” got the 15-minute, full version. Later, in the interest of time, I responded on the run: “Paralyzed. Running accident. But he’s fine. Thanks for asking.”
If you were among the large number of people who shouted, “What an inspiration that dog is,” you were right. But if you said, “Ah, poor dog,” you were wrong. The truth was Sonntag led an active life.
Some people asked me if Sonntag would ever walk again. I always answered, “He thinks he’s walking now.” If you are the couple who turned me in to the police, thinking that I had Sonntag in some kind of punishment device, I forgive you.
Whatever you did, said or asked helped, motivate me to keep the vow I made to Sonntag shortly after an accident in February 1998, which left him paralyzed in his rear legs. That vow was not to put him down just because he was big and, therefore, difficult to manage. For that reason, among others, I am sure he would have appreciated your gestures. I did.
When Sonntag started to slow down early last summer, I decided to take him for one last ride, his favorite treat. I looked at a map, and off we went to Prudoe Bay, Alaska. We camped all along the way. The northernmost thousand miles were on dirt roads flanked by awesome beauty. It was an incredible journey for both of us. But somewhere along those 12,500 miles and 42 days, Sonntag finally. After 13 years, showed serious signs of slowing down.
After his Alaskan expedition, Sonntag developed arthritis in his front legs. It was not serious at first, but recently, almost all of a sudden, he lost his ability to enjoy a pleasant life and began to suffer. His spirit, for the first time ever, dropped. Three years ago I vowed not to let Sonntag go until we crossed the finish line. I had kept my vow. I cradled him in my arms in the back of my Land Rover as he was put down Sonntag was almost 14. I could not have asked for a more perfect and humane ending than the one he had. I could not have asked for a more perfect dog. So to all those people who saw Sonntag and spoke to me about him, thank you. You may not with me for the last three years. Sonntag surely thanks you too.
There are few places on earth where nature can be seen in an almost untouched state. One is the Galapagos Islands: a remote place,largely unspoiled by humans,with unique birds,animals and plants――many of whiche are found nowhere else in the world.these islands lie directly on the Equator,about 1,000 kilometers west of the main- land of South America. But the Galapagos Islands are now facing a probrem. The people living on the island of Santa Cruz want to develop the business and tourist potential of the islands. Currently,they are involved in a bitter struggle with the naturalists who work at the Charles Darwin Reserch Center,which is also located on Santa Cruz. The natural- ists want to preserve the island's wildlife,which is already suffering as a result of human activity.
America on Terrorist Alert Plane crashes destroy New York's World Trade Center and damage Pentagon building in Washington, D.C. Planes crashed into each of New York City's famous Twin Towers in an apparent terrorist attack on Tuesday morning. The attack caused both buildings to collapse a short while later. Officials fear a huge number of people were killed and injured following the attack on the towers, also known as the World Trade Center. Shortly after the Trade Center attack, the Pentagon (a government building in Washington, D.C.) was damaged when a plane crashed into its side. All of the planes appear to have been hijacked, or taken over by terrorists. A short while later, a fourth plane in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was reportedly hijacked before it crashed. A National Tragedy President Bush, who was visiting Sarasota, Florida, called the World Trade Center attack "a national tragedy and an apparent act of terrorism against our country." He said the entire government would quickly investigate the attack. "Terrorism against our country will not stand," he said, before asking the nation to observe a moment of silence for victims of the attack.
Both the President and the U.S. government are safe, and are working with many state and federal agencies to bring help to those who need it. After the crash at the Pentagon building, the White House, the Capitol building, the Treasury, State Department and all other federal government buildings were safely evacuated, or emptied. In New York, the United Nations building was evacuated and in Chicago, Illinois, the Sears Tower was evacuated. The federal government quickly closed all airports, putting a stop to airline travel in the United States. All bridges and tunnels into New York City were closed and the government sealed off borders between the U.S. and Mexico and the U.S. and Canada. Who Could Be Responsible? Officials said a terrorist group from the Middle East might have carried out the attacks. Many of these groups are angry with the U.S. government because they believe the U.S. has taken Israel's side in the long violent conflict between the Palestinians and Israelis. Sorrow in New York Officials do not know how many people were killed in today's attack, both in the air and on the ground, but they fear the number of people who have died is very high. About 50,000 people work in the World Trade Center and as many as 200,000 people enter the Twin Towers each working day. Hospitals in downtown New York have been overwhelmed with victims. Many hospitals are treating people with burn and head injuries. Many officials have asked city residents to donate blood to help the victims. More details about this tragedy are being revealed as the day progresses.
Astro Boy ... The First Story Astro Boy has been widely renowned as the first real Japanimation, and was originally brought to television by original creator Osamu Tezuka on Japan's Fuji Television in the early 1960s. The popularity of Astro Boy has never waned. The classic characters of Astro Boy are all still with us; Dr Boynton, Professor Elefun, Astro's twin sister Uran and all manner of loopy plots and crazy stories ! Astro Boy is an animation classic that has a deserved reputation as the birth of manga anime.
THE BIRTH OF ASTROBOY Hi ! I'm Astro. My father is a robot scientist. He always scolds me for my clumsiness. I think I have too much power. The other day I used my superhuman power to save many people from a big fire. That's when they found out I was a robot. So my father and I decided to sail across the ocean. Again I encountered trouble. Our ship was drawing near an iceberg. I had to save the ship and its passengers. I became completely exhausted when another danger approached.
ROBOT CIRCUS Life in the circus was exciting but hard. The robot elephants did wonderful tricks and Tornado the trapeze star risked his life in a dangerous stunt. But I couldn't seem to do anything right. Hamegg the ring master threatened me and I wanted to leave the circus. My friend Cathy believed in me, and when an accident threatened the whole audience I had a chance to prove myself.
SAVE THE CLASSMATE This is Astro again. I went with Dr. Elefun back to our own country where he put me in a real school. I started in the third grade in Mr. Daddy Walrus' class. Not everybody liked having a robot for a classmate. One day a boy named Alvin got himself and his friends into terrible trouble at an unfinished amusement park. After that they all thought differently about having a robot for a friend.
【I have a dream. / ( )1929〜1968〕】 米国の黒人牧師。 1955年アラバマ州モントゴメリーで,市営バスの差別的座席制を拒否して黒人差別反対運動を指導したのを契機に全国的な指導者となる。 63年ワシントンで20万人の大集会を主催,64年ノーベル平和賞。 メンフィスで暗殺。 ... even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the America Dream. ... I have a dream that one day on the read hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners, will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. ... I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but the content of their character. I have a dream today.
The second semester has started! Some of you still long for the summar vacation (I know how you feel!). In this semester, however, you can enjoy the Sports Day, School Excursion. On TV, you can watch Olympic Games. So anyway, enjoy your life. Hopefully, we can welcome the Winter Vacation soon!? Now, let's see what we will do from next week.
Fly me to the Moon Fly me to the moon And let me play among the stars Let me see what spring is like On Jupiter and Mars In other words, hold my hand In other words, my darling kiss me Fill my heart with song And let me sing forever more Cause you are all I long for All I worship and adore In other words, please be true In other words, I love you In other words, hold me hand In other words, darling kiss me
There will be 260 Japanese athletes competing at the Sydney Olympics. Among those hotly tipped for medals are the judoka, including Ryoko Tamura. She has won four consecutive world championships. Japan also has a good chance of gold in the women's marathon, with Naoko Takahashi leading a strong trio of runners. Japan's baseball team will be vying for a medal with the help of some pro players, including superstar pitcher Daisuke Matsuzaka. Hopes are also high that the young Japanese soccer team will perform well.